Acronyms - Seventh-day Adventist Church, Nilokheriezc.adventist.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/camp-water... · Web viewSoap and water mixtures is put inside these receptacles and

CAMPING SITES HEALTH, HYGIENE AND SAFETY

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

East Zimbabwe Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist

EAST ZIMBABWE CONFERENCE

2018

1EZC Health Department in Partnership with Adventist Environmental Health Practitioners Network

Developed by EZC Health Department in Collaboration with EZC Adventist Environmental Health Practitioners Network

AcronymsEHT Environmental Health Technician

EHO Environmental Health Officer

BVIP Blair Ventilated Improved Privy Latrine

WHO World Health Organisation

EPR Emergency Preparedness and Response

EMA Environmental Management Agency

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction


Contributors

Principal Contributors

Fambirai T and Tendere J were responsible for conceptualising and writing the guidelines.

T.Fambirai (Bsc Env H, Solusi, MPH;UZ) Government Health Inspector

J Tendere (Bsc, Hon Env H, NUST,MDM;NUST) Consultant

Collaborative Contributors

The following practitioners assisted with reviewing the draft.

F. Dupwa (Bsc EH Solusi) Government Health Inspector

C. Kambizi (Bsc EH Solusi) Government Health Inspector

J. Mudzingwa (Bsc EH, Solusi) Environmental Consultant

A. Gumbo (Bsc EH , Solusi;MPH,UZ) Public Health Practitioner

G. Sikayi Bsc EH City Public Health Inspector

H.Nyika (Bsc EH, Solusi; MPH,UZ) Public Health Practitioners


Acknowledgement

Much credit for these Standard Operating Procedures on Camp Sanitation and Hygiene goes to all committed Adventist Environmental Health Practitioners.

The majority of the core issues developed in this document are drawn from practical experiences and observations made by various practitioners as they attended different campsites in the various district where they congregate. Standards have also been drawn from years of professional practise by various practitioners employed by Government and Local Authorities.

These guidelines are not exhaustive. The church members and various committees, camp planners and developers are urged to over and above these guidelines consult widely other existing standards and literature pertaining to development, sanitation, hygiene, engineering, planning, water, epidemiology and health promotion. These standard operating procedure (SOP) are in compliance with current hygiene, safety, disaster risk reduction as expressed in the various legislation statutes, global guidelines and best practises. The SOPs covers a wide array of camp sanitation hygiene, safety, disaster risk reduction and waste management


ContentsAcronyms...............................................................................................................................................2

1.0 Introduction...............................................................................................................................5

2.0 Camp Plan and Designs....................................................................................................................6

2.1 Camp Zoning and Carrying Capacity................................................................................................7

2.0 Environmental Health Impact Assessment................................................................................7

4.0 Pre Camping Health Assessment.....................................................................................................7

5.0 Essential Infrastructure at Campsites..............................................................................................8

5.1 Toilets..............................................................................................................................................8

5.3 Blair Latrine Concept.......................................................................................................................9

5.4 Toilet to User Ratios......................................................................................................................12

5.4.1 Ablutions ratios for minors.........................................................................................................12

5.4.2 Hand washing Facilities at All Toilets..........................................................................................12

5.9. Menstrual Hygiene and Infants Diapers........................................................................................13

6.0 Water Supply.................................................................................................................................13

6.1 Water Quality Tests......................................................................................................................14

6.2 Drinking Water Standards............................................................................................................14

7.0 Waste Management at Campsites................................................................................................14

7.1 Recycle Reuse and Reduce............................................................................................................15

7.1.2 Integrated Waste Management................................................................................................15

8.0 Social Behaviour Change and Communication..............................................................................15

9.0 Food Hygiene and Safety at Campsites..........................................................................................16

9.1 Food Safety Instruction to Campers..............................................................................................16

9.2 Counter measures.........................................................................................................................16

10.0 Disease Surveillance and Disaster Response..............................................................................17

10.1 Disaster/Emergency /Epidemic Response..................................................................................17


1.0 Introduction

Modern day camp meetings trace their origins to the Festival of Tabernacles in early biblical times (Lev.23:33-44). It was a holy convocation. All children of Israel and foreigners amongst them were to live in tents for seven (7) days. This was to serve as a constant reminder to the great exodus from bondage. The call for the children of Israel to dwell in booths was to constantly remind them,that they were sojourners- they had marched out of Egyptian captivity by God’s might hand. Through the pen of inspiration, Ellen G. White still exhorts the church to gather at camp meetings to worship the Lord. The Lord has made provisions for hygiene and food safety laws during the exodus and throughout the ages.

There weren’t any pre-constructed water and sanitation infrastructure to sustain the multitude as the journeyed through the harsh desert. God in his wisdom, gave statutes to ensure infectious diseases were kept out of the camps. The Lord has called his people to a life hygiene (Ministry Of Healing pg. 271-276). E G White exhorted God’s people to live a healthy and clean life in line with the biblical dictates (Deuteronomy 23:14). The Lord requires our camp meetings to be holy as the Lord Himself would “walk through the congregation of Israel”. In former times, hygiene laws were clearly set out to the children of Israel and God through Moses gave Israelites instructions concerning the control of epidemic and formidable diseases. This was to protect the congregation against the spread of diseases (Lev 13,14 & 15).The modern call to maintain and uphold health and hygiene laws has taken a center stage globally and locally.

The perennial typhoid and cholera outbreaks in recent times in Zimbabwe has revealed a constant need to be vigilant. The need to ensure safe hygiene and sanitation practice among the population has assumed a national chorus. There is greater need for the children of God at individual and corporate levels to be make deliberate effort to adhere to health and hygiene laws. The task to ensure good health status and disease free environment is no one- man- job, but a collective effort.

2.0 Camp Plan and DesignsCampsites should be properly designed and layouts plans should be well established. Printed and graphical layouts always come in handy. These can also be archived and constantly form as referral materials for present and future development. Generating layouts and plans is no mean task. It is prudent that such highly technical task should be assigned to Engineers, Architectures and Physical planners. Camp Authorities must be awake to the technical competencies that are needed to achieve certain tasks. They should seek to identify such key members within the congregation with such expertise. Where there is lack; such skills can be outsourced from other constituencies.


Strategic and Project Plans

Strategic planning is a key element in any organisation and commercial entities. It allows critical analysis of various elements of a project-from inception to completion. On the other hand a project plan will also outline the various stages and evaluation of processes and outcomes. The process of drawing up a strategic and project plan for campsites allows for clear definition of broad campsites s.w.o.t, goals, objectives, technical and operational feasibility, funding and leadership aspects. It is crucial that a strategic plan be crafted by camp authorities to address both short and long term developmental objectives. Developing without detailed project plans may be a recipe for disaster. Camp Committees/Authorities as they succeed each other must constantly refer and be guided by the provisions of the project and strategic plans. Strategic/Project Plans for more than 3-5 years are ideal. Ownership of these plans by all key stakeholders is key. Reference must also be made to the existing statutory requirements, chiefly: the Public Health Act Chp.15:17, Environmental Management Act Chp. 22:27, Rural District Council Act Chp 29:13 and Local Authorities By laws.

2.1 Camp Zoning and Carrying CapacityAt planning stage; particular attention should be drawn to the need to zone the sites for present and future activities. Sections for children chapels, main worship arena, water works, residential area, toilets, boreholes and water and waste water piping areas should be identified and be laid out on maps.

Some of the key points to note when zoning

Prevailing winds Soil structure Ecology Hydrology Existing flora and fauna

2.0 Environmental Health Impact Assessment

In respect to the Environmental Management Act and its regulations; camp site are not prescribed for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statement prior to commencement of works or development. However a voluntary and elementary EIA can assist the camp authorities to document possible hazards to the environmental and local community. The process allows for identification and forward planning in terms of possible mitigatory measures that can be put in place to minimise or mitigate each and every hazard. The impact whether positive or negative should be documented. God requires his children to be good stewards of their environs and personal resources.


4.0 Pre Camping Health AssessmentCamp Authorities should set up a team to carry out a health assessments to gauge the level of readiness /and or suitability of a campsites. The assessment may cover but not limited to the following:

State of toilets and adequacy State of water supply

A standard checklist should be developed to guide the team and feedback should be availed to camp authorities in time prior to camping. A team can be composed but not limited to the following; an Environmental Health Officer/ Environmental Health Technician /Water Engineer, Nurse/Medical Doctor and any other personnel as deemed necessary by the camp authorities.

5.0 Essential Infrastructure at CampsitesThe law (Public Health Act) requires that no individual or organisation should cause a nuisance /public health hazard. The law imposes a penalty on anyone who causes a nuisance to exist. In terms of the said law a public health nuisance can be any dwelling, building, or thing that exist in such a state that it is likely to harm or lead to public health risk to other residents. The Environmental Management Act also prohibits any act that may pollute the environments (water and land).It also prohibits ecological destruction.

All camp authorities must ensure the following facilities are adequately provided all camp sites.

Drinking and domestics water supply Toilets /Ablution facilities Bathrooms Waste Receptacles Waste Disposal Facilities Food Vending Facilities

5.1 ToiletsToilets are essential infrastructure for disease prevention. Faecal matter is a vehicle for transmission of disease causing pathogens. Flies and water are the most common vehicles for carrying these pathogens from the faecal matter to food or persons. Therefore, it is necessary to block these routes of transmission. Diseases such as Cholera, Typhoid, Shigellosis (manyoka) are highly like to occur where there is poor and inadequate sanitary facilities. Therefore, there is need to ensure that every campsites has a sound, safe, efficient and durable faecal disposal infrastructure.

The minimum standard in Zimbabwe dictate that Blair Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (BVIP) commonly known as a “Blair Toilet”, is the technology of choice. This is the approved national technology of choice at community level. Guidelines have been development under the auspices of the Ministry of Health and Child Care and National Institute of Health


Research. The responsibility for ensuring compliance (in terms of building, use and maintenance) is undertaken by the Ministry of Health and Child Care/Local Rural District Council/Town Board or Council’s Health Inspectors/Environmental Health Officers/Technicians (EHO/EHT).

Where resources permit; water borne toilet facilities should be constructed in compliance with the Model Building By Laws of 1979 or any existing local authority building by laws.

5.2 Key points to note on construction of Blair Toilets

A BVIP should have plans in compliance with the guidelines on construction of a BVIP

All BVIP siting should be done by an Environmental Health Technician/Environmental Health Officer/Sanitation Engineer.

Only builders trained in this respect should be engaged to construct camp BVIPs. All BVIP plans should be approved or reviewed by a EHO/EHT for compliance to

Ministry Standards All BVIP construction should be monitored by an EHT All BVIP should be fitted with fly screens All BVIP should be fitted with roofs prior to use. All BVIP should be fitted with a hand washing facility (wash hand basin/tippy

tapes) when in use.

Soak away pits and Septic tanks should be constructed to specifications set according to Model Building by laws of 1979.

5.3 Blair Latrine ConceptAnecdotal evidence has revealed that most camp authorities are tempted to allow usage of incomplete BVIP which have no roofs and fly screens on vent pipes. Ultimately the camping community is at risk of disease as flies can easily move in and out of the pits to the food table. Such ablutions facilities are equivalent to open defacation, albeit in a different sense.


Fig. 1 cross section diagram of a Blair toilet

The above diagram shows the cross section of a Blair latrine. The toilet operate efficiently if the aero dynamic principles are not hindered. Air should flow freely into the toilet, then into the pit and out through the vent pipes. Flies can enter the pit as shown in the diagram. The flies are then attracted to the light at the end of the vent pipe. The Blair latrine inhibits the movement of flies out of the pit by fly screen inserted at the top. The flies will not go out of the toilet and eventually they die inside the pit. A toilet which allows flies to move in and out of the toilet is as bad as no toilet at all-such toilet are only for but privacy,but are not good in fly control.In reality they are as bad as defecating in the open since flies move in and out of the pit unhindered.

Such toilets which fall below the standard give the campers a false sense of security. Well-constructed and maintained Blair Toilets are smell free and can even be constructed close to homestead or any human dwelling.

No Toilets should ever be allowed to operate without roof.

All toilet vent pipers should be fitted with a fly screen at the top before use

Proper BVIPs


Fig.2 Properly constructed BVIP with Chigubhu giyas installed outside

The above photograph depicts a BVIP constructed to standards. The toilet is complete with roof and vent pipe fitted with fly screens at the top. The hand washing facilities are also in place. In this case, Chigubhu giya are the technology of choice. Chigubhu giyas (tippy tapes) are less costly and are easily made from locally available resources. Soap and water mixtures is put inside these receptacles and can be used easily at various ablution points.

Where resources permit proper Wash Hand Basins should be installed to ensure proper and timely washing of hands by campers after toilet use.


Fig.3 A BVIP at one of the campsite near Harare with no roof, hand washing facilities and fly traps.

Fig.4 A improperly constructed squat hole at a campsite.

The above picture depicts a BVIP with wrong internal dimensions. The distance between the wall and the squat hole is too small and this poses serious challenges on usage by campers. People with disabilities and the elderly are likely to face difficulties when accessing such facilities. Toilets must provide dignity while at the same time be user friendly to every camper. It is against this background that special designs be made to accommodate those with physical challenges. Provision of ramps and rails come in handy in this case

5.4 Toilet to User RatiosThe reference guidelines are based on the Model Building by laws of 1979 and BVIP Manuals

For facilities with population over 100

Aspect Number of people served Standard reference1 squat hole 30 people Model building by laws1 water closet(WC 30 people Model building by laws

5.4.1 Ablutions ratios for minorsAspect Number of people served Standard reference1 squat hole 121 water closet (WC) 12


5.4.1.2 Urinals Male Toilets should be provided with urinal channel or urinal basins. Urinal stalls shall be in the ratios of

Number of people to be served No of Urinals stalls/People501-1000 people 1 per 1001001-2000 1 per 2002001 and above 1 per 500

5.4. Flushing Cisterns/Water Closets System

Where Camp Authorities intend to put up Flushing toilets system, these shall be constructed in such a manner as specified in the Model Building By Laws. The cistern or flushing bowels should be of such materials as specified in the regulations e.g (Ceramic or PVC).

5.4.2 Hand washing Facilities at All ToiletsCamp Authorities should ensure that all toiles are fitted with Hand washing facilities. These can take various forms e.g Concrete Wash Hand Basin, PVC WHB, or Tippy Tapes (Zvigubhu giya). Tippy Tape are low cost Hand washing technologies that can be put up easily and cheaply using recycled 5 litre plastic containers and locally available sticks.

5.6 Bathroom and Showers

These shall be made in accordance with specifications set out in the Model Building by laws

5.7 Septic Tanks

Septic tanks shall be constructed in accordance with existing local authority by laws. Where these are absent, the Model Building By laws shall apply. A septic shall be

Water tight no water, surface water, or storm water shall not be permitted to enter. Shall be effectively covered and protected so as to minimise odour therefrom and

prevent breeding of mosquito

5.8 Bathroom/ Showers

(Model building by laws)

Number of persons Bathrooms/Shower 31 and above 1 per 30 (bathroom space or shower)

Bathroom shall be fitted with effective drains. Bathroom tiles should be non- slipper. Waste water from bathrooms or showers should drain into covered soak away tanks

5.9. Menstrual Hygiene and Infants DiapersFacilities should be provided for safe disposal of sanitary pads and diapers. This can be through provision of sanitary pads and diapers receptacles in ladies toilets and bathrooms.


The sanitary pads and diapers can then be disposed through incineration. Failure to provide these facilities has often caused an eyesore at many a campsites due to environmental pollution. Disposing of these non- bio degradable materials in the Blair toilets has often led to early filling up of the toilet pit while also disturbing the proper functionality of the toilets

6.0 Water SupplyThe Sphere Handbook on Humanitarian Response & World Health Organisation WASH in Emergencies guidelines provide guidance on daily water needs per individual. It is essential that camp authorities ensure that there is adequate supply of safe water. In-adequate supply of water usually lead to unhygienic practises which predisposes camping communities to infectious and communicable diseases. Campers should never get their drinking water from unprotected sources.

Campers should also be encouraged to use point of use water disinfectants such as Water guard/Aquatabs/Jik.

All water should be boiled before use if treatment is not assured.

Water needs per individual per day (Based on WHO estimates in Humanitarian Situation: Technical notes on drinking water, Sanitation and hygiene in Emergencies, 2011)

Drinking water 10lCooking 20lPersonal washing 30lWashing clothes 40l

6.1 Water Quality TestsWater quality monitoring test should be done prior, during and post camping period. Water should be monitored for Total Bacterial Count, free Residual Chlorine and other chemical parameters.6.1.1 Water Supply and DemandProper calculations should be conducted by an expert on the expected demand if a water supply stem will be put. Conveyance of water from sources such rivers and dams should be well managed. Water purification and storage and distribution should be well managed and quality assurance system should be in place. Filtration and Chlorination of water should be highly monitored. Free residual chlorine levels should be monitored as too high level irritate consumers as well as too low level fail to inhibit microbiological growth. Water storage tanks should be fenced or secured to avoid external contamination.

6.2 Drinking Water StandardsWorld Health Organisation standards on Portable water


WHO drinking water quality standards were first published in 1993 giving rise to standards for drinking water. The standards covers many parameters ranging from metals, chemical, pesticides, organic compounds, disinfectants and disinfectants by products residues. WHO standards also set out Total Bacteria Count (TBC), turbidity and coliforms thresholds values.

Table. WHO drinking water standards.

Parameter WHO StandardTurbidity <5 NTU Thermo tolerant (faecal)Coliforms

0 CFU /100ml

pH 5.5-7.2Free Residual Chlorine (a)5mg/l (maximum) (b)2.0mg/l (minimum)TDS 500mg/l

7.0 Waste Management at CampsitesCamp Authorities must ensure that all campers comply with waste disposal rules and regulations. It is recommended that campers be educated on these issues prior to camping days at their churches.

Waste segregation should be the rule of the thump for all campers. Combustibles and non-combustible waste must be separated at all times.

Separation of bottles, tins and plastics is a must for campers. These expectation should be disclosed and promoted to the campers beforehand. The use of prominent signage is useful. It is essential that the following measures are implemented is done to ensure safe waste management at all camp sites. Not everything is waste. The 3 R concept in waste management should be taught and promoted to all campers. Recycle, Reuse and reduce.

All campsites should have the following provision

Designated dumpsites Skip bins (if resources permit) Metal/plastic bins Bins with liners All campers to have polythene bins A polythene bin for pampers and sanitary pads A low cost incinerator (brick) must be provided at all campsites for effective

management of all combustible materials.

7.1 Recycle, Reuse and ReduceCampers should recycle possible recyclable waste .Not everything is worth burning or disposing. Reuse of containers and other materials is possible. The campers should make deliberate efforts prior to camping to reduce carrying items that may in turn become waste. Campers should also be conscious in their buying to avoid high waste products.


7.1.2 Integrated Waste ManagementAdoption of all various methods to try to reduce, recycle and dispose waste. A safe waste disposal methods should be adopted.

A safe and secure dumpsite Refuse pits properly managed and fenced to exclude animals and people Plastic waste collection and disposal Incinerator provision Promote Environmental friendliness and Sensitivity among the campers

8.0 Social Behaviour Change and Communication

Effort should be made by camp committees to conscietise the camping community on their role in maintaining a safe and hygiene environment. Campers should also be taught and be reminded of the risk and hazards of poor health hygiene habits. Epidemic prone disease likely to arise should be made known. Participative methods of teaching have been shown to make bigger impact that didactic approach. The camping community need to lead and own the health and sanitation program. Campers can also play a facilitator role.

During the camp meeting effort should be made to publicise good health behaviour by way of morning health talks. Other methods can be used to complement this initiative. -Health education sessions -IEC materials on Sanitation and Hygiene i.e (Posters, T-Shirt) with messages on importance of health and Hygiene -Social Media Messages on Camp health and Hygiene prior to camping

9.0 Food Hygiene and Safety at Campsites

There is paucity of data on the incidence of food borne illness during our camp meeting events. However it could likely be high but has not been documented. The likelihood of food borne outbreaks are high during camp meetings. Campers should be made ware before and during camp on the following preventative and good hygiene practises which can safeguard their health.

Food borne illness are a major public health concern. These are diseases that result from ingestion of food stuffs contaminated with microorganism or chemicals. Contamination can occur at handling, preparations and storage.

The major food borne illnesses include; but not limited to the following:

Escherichia Coli (E.Coli)


Listeriosis Salmonellosis NoroVirus Infection

Camp Authorities must ensure that all food sold at campsites is fit for human consumption

1. Food sold at the campsite is not expired2. All food items are in a sound state (not decomposing, free of foul smell, natural

colour, etc)3. Not prohibited by law4. Properly stored5. Foods such Poultry, fish, fresh milk should be never be sold without proper function

refrigeration facilities unless dried, dry packaged or cured.6. Food handlers/Food sellers at Camp Tuck shops must be health and be medically

examined

To ensure that all the above provisions are complied with, the camp committee must solicit for the services of an Adventist EHO/EHT to enforce food and public health regulations. Where the church cannot provide one, a Government or Rural District Council Health Inspector may be engaged.

9.1 Food Safety Instruction to CampersMeat, milk and fish products are highly risk food groups. These foods should be stored properly as instructed by manufactures. Food should be thoroughly cooked and consumed hot. Reheating of foods below 62 degrees should be discouraged. Freezing and thawing of meat products should be discouraged among campers.

9.2 Counter measures Selling of meats pre-packaged in cooler boxes should not be allowed at campsites Slaughtering of animals should be discouraged or prohibited Transporting live animals to campsites for consumption should be prohibited Frozen meats should be properly stored and temperatures maintained Freezing and thawing of meats should be discouraged Care should be taken when buying vegetables and fruits. Chemical poisoning through

consuming vegetables laced with pesticides is a cause for concern. Vegetables must be sourced from reliable and safe sources.

10.0 Disease Surveillance and Disaster ResponseIt is crucial that emphasis is also is placed on routine health data collection, monitoring, analysis and investigation. Incidences of diseases at camp meeting are to be precisely recorded. Most camp authorities operate camp clinics that offer basic health services. This can be used to compile health data for camp meeting events. The surveillance data is essential for determining most at risk groups, disease patterns during camp, health events during camping. This data is crucial for health mapping and planning on preventative and interventions.


10.1 Disaster/Emergency /Epidemic ResponseIt has been observed that the following hazards are a common feature at majority of camping sites

Fire Outbreak Diarrheal outbreak Drowning Burns and scalds Colds Food poisoning Accidents and incidents

A team of trained personnel should be constituted to managed and organise disaster risk reduction and response plans at camp sites The key responsibility of the team should involve coming up with and activating DRR plans . Where possible some dills or simulations must be conducted to check the level of preparedness.

Publicity should also be given to DRR plans. All plans should be known campers prior to camping.

DRR /EPR team can comprise of the following

Environmental Health Officer/Technician Health Promotion Practitioner Communication and Media Practitioner Security personnel (State Employed) either from ZRP/Army/ZPSC Counselling Professional Disaster & Risk Management Practitioner A Medical officer/Clinician/Clinical Officer Nurse

The following aspects are worth considering as risk reduction measures:

Building of fire guards around the camp site to prevent fire intrusion Proper storage and handling of fuel Use of grass and such other related materials to construct dwellings should be discouraged Dust at the camp site must be avoided or kept to the minimal through planting loan or

regularly watering the walkways and byways Proper and adequate lighting of the campsite to avoid accidents and incidents Designated parking areas and roadways to avoid dust and accidents The planting of trees at the camp site must be the rule of the thump by every camper Children must not be allowed to go out of bounce and must be under the supervision of

adults at all times. Use of mosquito nets in malaria prone areas is ideal.


10.2 Camp Clinics, Treatment Unit and Consulting RoomsHealth emergencies and development of illness are a constant reality where human live. A need for treatment and observation space is therefore vital. Where funds permit, Camp Authorities can construct a standard Clinic or Consulting rooms to serve its constituency/campers. The operation and registration of a health facilities in Zimbabwe is governed by the law. The Health Profession Authority of Zimbabwe is mandated with the task of registering health facilities. In terms of the law (Health Profession Act [27:18] Registration of Health Facilities Regulations SI 135 of 1995) a health facility is defined as “… hospital, clinic or room …… or other premises or part thereof which is used by a health practitioner for treatment, diagnosis or preventative measures….”.Registration of a proper clinic. The camp authorities when they desire to construct such a facility they should consult the Local Authority and Ministry of Health, District Medical Officer.

Where funds are limited, Camp Authorities should establish treatment rooms which are made of durable materials and security of equipment, medicines and health records. The facility should ensure privacy of the patient.

It is a requirement of the law that all those who want to treat, diagnose and care for patients at designated treatment rooms should hold a valid practising certificate. The following among many critical health professionals, are required by law to be registered with a professional council.

Doctors Nurses Dieticians and Nutritionists Physiotherapists Laboratory Scientist and Technicians Pharmacist and Pharmacy Technicians Health Promoters Health Inspectors/Environmental health Officer/Technician.

Camp Authorities should make sure all health professionals who will volunteer their various skills in the treatment and care of campers are properly registered and have valid practising certificates. This will mitigate against medico-legal issues.

Treatment room(s) at camp sites should be provided with following vital equipment:

Examination CouchFoot stoolWeighing scaleScreenEmergency tray with essential equipment and medicines (Adopted from HPA Registration and Renewal Manual)

50% Dextrose x 2 vials Adrenaline x 2 vials Calcium Chloride Sodium Bicarbonate - Midazolin (dormucum) Hydrocortisone x vials


Prednisolone Stemetil x 2 vials – Oxygen cylinder with connectors, tubing and mask. Oropharyngial airways (3 sizes- infants, paediatrics, adults) Bag valve mask (BVM) for adult – Transparent masks (various sizes) Cannulas (various sizes) Fluid giving sets Vacolitres (Normal Saline) Sharp Boxes

Wash hand Basin

Medical waste should such vials and sharps should be disposed of safely by incineration.



Documents

Acronyms - Seventh-day Adventist Church, Nilokheriezc.adventist.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/camp-water... · Web viewSoap and water mixtures is put inside these receptacles and