Acquiring New Lands

Puerto Rico

Strategically importance:Provide military presence in the Caribbean

Protect the planned canal in Panama

Ruling Puerto RicoMilitary Rule

US occupied Puerto Rico during Spanish-American War.

• Led by General Nelson A. Miles

To protect life an property of

Ruling Puerto RicoForaker Act of 1900

Ended military rule

Established a government

Special powers of Foraker Act• President of US appoints governor

• President of US appoints upper house of the legislation

Ruling Puerto RicoWhat does it mean to live in a territory?

Insular cases of 1901US Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not apply to in acquired territories

Congress granted citizenship to Puerto Rican in 1917

Also allowed to elect both houses of legislature

Cuba

Cuba and the United StatesAmerican Soldiers

After the war Cuba was occupied by US troopsMilitary Government Provided

• food • housing • helped farmers • set up elementary schools• helped fight yellow fever

Cuba and the United States

Jose Marti’s fear:Spanish control of Cuba would be replaced by US control

US Policy• Same officials remained in

office• People who protested policy

were imprisoned of exiled.

Cuba and the United States

1900 Cuban government wrote a constitution for an independent Cuba

Constitution didn’t specify relationship relationship btw US and Cuba

US insisted Cuba adopt Platt Amendment• US troops would not leave until they did.

1903 Cuba adopted amendment

Cuba and the United StatesPlatt Amendment

Cuban could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territoryThe US reserved the right to intervene in CubaCuba was not to go into debtThe US could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling station

Filipinos Rebel

Filipinos believed US promised independence for the Philippines.Treaty of Paris called for American annexation of the PhilippinesFilipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo vowed to fight for independence.

Filipinos Rebel

Philippine-American WarFebruary 1899 revolt began

• Led by Aguinaldo

Filipinos used guerilla tacticsUS forced Filipinos to live in designated zones

• Poor sanitation, starvation, and disease killed thousands.

Death toll:• 20,000 Filipinos• 4,000 Americans

Filipinos RebelAftermath of the war

US establishes a similar government as PR

Philippines became an independent nation on July 4, 1946

Foreign Influence in China

John Hay’s Open Door NotesJohn Hay: Secretary of State

Letters to imperialist nations proposing they share trading rights with the US

• Prevented a nation from having monopoly trade

Foreign Influence in ChinaBoxer Rebellion in China

Secret group to rid china of “foreign devils”Boxers killed hundreds of missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity1900- Troops from imperialist countries marched on capital and put down the rebellion

Foreign Influence in China

John Hay’s Open Door Notes part IIDeclared that US would safeguard for the world the principal of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire.”

Birth of American Foreign Policy

open door policy reflected three beliefs of US industrial capitalist economy

growth of economy depended on exports

right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open

closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened US survival