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ACT ACOUSTIC
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2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 1
Appendix
Acoustics ACTx R150
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 2
Piezoelectric exposure in ANSYS WorkBench using ACT
Piezo ACTx R150
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 3
Piezoelectric analyses may be
static transient modal including prestressed modal (using linear perturbation) harmonic (FULL and MSUP in Beta) including prestressed harmonic (using linear
perturbation)
For static analyses, piezoelectric materials are characterized by
structural elasticity piezoelectric coupling dielectric permittivity
For dynamic analyses, additional data are required
density structural damping dielectric damping
Piezoelectricity
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 4
stiffness measured under constant electric field [cE],
piezoelectric stress matrix [e], and
relative permittivity measured under constant strain [S].
[e] stress-charge
clamped and closed circuit clamped condition is where material does change
dimensions with applied electric field
material is physically clamped or
driven at a frequency high enough above mechanical resonance that the device does not respond to the changing E field
Piezoelectricity
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 5
Piezoelectric coefficients for PZT-5A are also provided in stress form (e) either form could be used for entering the data
piezoelectric coefficients in stress form are input using TB,PIEZ with TBOPT=0 TB,PIEZ,#,,,0 TBDATA, 3,-5.4 TBDATA, 6, -5.4 TBDATA, 9, 15.8 TBDATA, 14, 12.3 TBDATA, 16, 12.3
Piezoelectric Coefficients for PZT-5A
2ANSYS m
C
000
3.1200
003.12
04.50
08.150
04.50
e
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 6
Relative permittivity for PZT-5A is also provided in constant strain form (KS)
Relative permittivity coefficients in constant strain form are input using TB,DPER with TBOPT = 0
TB,DPER,#,,,0 TBDATA, 1, 916, 830, 916
Permittivity Coefficients for PZT-5A
916
0830
00916
0
S
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 7
Piezoelectric properties are directional-dependent
must ensure that appropriate element coordinate system is defined for each element, so that the poling direction is consistent between element coordinate system and material definition
Usually identical (piezoelectric crystals are generally transversely isotropic)
3D Poling Direction
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 8
33
11
11
0
11
33
11
0
11
11
33
0
15
15
33
31
31
15
15
31
33
31
15
15
31
31
33
0
00
0
00
0
00
00
00
000
00
00
00
000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
000
00
00
00
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
x-polarized y-polarized z-polarized
3D Poling Direction
piezoelectric
constants
permittivity
constants
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 9
Arrangement of matrices must be verified
if poling direction is in-plane, y-polarized transformed matrices are valid
2D Analyses
33
11
0
2D
11
33
11
0
3D
15
31
33
31
2D
15
15
31
33
31
3D
44
11
1333
121311
2D
66
44
44
11
1333
121311
3D
00
00
0
0
0
0
000
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
00
000
000
000
K
K
K
K
K
e
e
e
e
d
e
e
e
e
e
e
s
s
ss
sss
s
s
s
s
s
ss
sss
s
elastic
constants
piezoelectric
constants
permittivity
constants
3D 2D
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 10
33
11
011
33
0
15
31
33
31
15
31
31
33
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
K
K
K
K
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
x-polarized y-polarized
2D Poling Direction
piezoelectric
constants
permittivity
constants
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 11
ACT allows customization in the Mechanical application :
Replace command snippets with interactive objects
Create customized Loads / BCs
Create customized Results
Ability to connect a third party solver in a standard Workbench process
ACT Piezo extension is a customization made with ACT to integrate ANSYS piezoelectric capabilities in Mechanical. The extension consists of one XML file (Configures the UI content) and one python script (Implements the extension functionality).
If you need more information about ACT please contact your sales representative.
ACT: Application Customization Toolkit
ACT Extension Library
Great place to get started Extensions made available in either binary
format (.wbex file) or binary plus scripted format (python and XML files)
Scripted extensions are great examples Links to ACT documentation and training
material
Goals for an ACT developers forum
ANSYS Customer Portal support.ansys.com A library of helpful ACT extensions
available to any ANSYS customer
Roughly one dozen available More being added continually
Download the Piezo ACT Extension
The Piezo ACT Extension for ANSYS 15.0 is available for download on the ACT Extension Library of the Customer Portal:
https://support.ansys.com/AnsysCustomerPortal/en_us/Downloads/Extens
ion+Library/ACT+Library
Please pay attention to paragraph 9 of the CLICKWRAP SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR ACS EXTENSIONS regarding TECHNICAL ENHANCEMENTS AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT (TECS): TECS is not included with the Program(s).
So to report an issue or provide your feedback in regards to this extension please contact: David Roche: [email protected]
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 14
Installing ACT Extensions
Installing from WB Project page:
1. Select the Install Extension option
2. It will open a file dialog to select a *.wbex file
3. The extension is installed
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 15
For 2D & 3D analyses with quadratic elements
Change element type and assign piezoelectric material properties (the structural material properties defined in EDA are used)
Apply boundary conditions & loads: voltage, charge
Plot piezoelectric results: voltage, electric field & electric flux density
Piezoelectric extension
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 16
Polarization Axis
TB,PIEZ,#,,,0
TB,DPER,#,,,0
MP,RSVX,#, (RSVY,RSVZ)
MP,LSST,#,
Piezoelectric extension
Use the Piezoelectric Body to define the piezoelectric bodies so change the element type and define the piezoelectric material properties.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 17
F,ALL,CHRG
SF,ALL,CHRG
BF,ALL,CHRG
CP,NEXT,VOLT,ALL $ D,nodemin,VOLT
DVAL
CP,NEXT,VOLT
Piezoelectric extension
In the Boundary Conditions menu find the objects to apply:
Electric charge
Surface Charge Density
Volume Charge Density
Voltage (can be frequency dependent in harmonic or time dependent in transient)
Enforced Motion Voltage (beta)
Voltage Coupling APDL Commands:
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 18
PLNSOL,VOLT
PLNSOL,EF,X (Y,Z,SUM)
PLNSOL,D,X (Y,Z,SUM)
Post Processing
In the Results menu find the objects to postprocess:
Voltage
Electric Field
Electric Flux Density
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 19
Piezoelectric analyses now support linear perturbation. Thus a previous static analysis can be linked in the project schematic to a modal or harmonic analysis.
If this case the piezoelectric body is only inserted in the static analysis.
Linear Perturbation
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 20
To have access to harmonic mode superposition with enforced motion voltage beta options must be activated in the project page:
The voltage is then applied in the harmonic analysis using Enforced Motion Voltage object:
Mode Superposition Harmonic (beta)
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 21
Application Example
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 22
Motor noise using Maxwell
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 23
Noise Sources [1]
Magnetic
Radial
Slot Harmonics
Magnetic Unbalance
Mechanical
Self
Stator
Modes of Vibration
Rotor
Bearings Balancing
Dynamic Eccentricity
Unbalanced Rotor
Elliptical Rotor Surface
Static Eccentricity
Auxiliaries Load Induced
Couplings
Foundation
Aerodynamic
Fluid Cooling Phenomena
Electronic
Switching Harmonics
[1] P. Vigayraghavan, R. Krishnan, Noise in Electric Machines: A Review, IEEE, 1998
Audible Frequencies
20 Hz 20 kHz 5 kHz 261.63 Hz 60 Hz 4.186kHz
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 24
ANSYS Machine Design Methodology
RMxprt: calculate rated performance for machine
Maxwell: Calculate detailed magnetic FEA of machine in time domain
Simplorer: Calculate detailed drive design with coupled cosimulation with either RMxprt or Simplorer.
Electromagnetic Noise Source
0
IGBT3
IGBT2
D10
D11
D8
IGBT1
IGBT4
IGBT5D7
D12
D9
IGBT6
SINE2SINE1 SINE3
TRIANG1
+
VV
M1
E1
E2
RphaseA
RphaseB
RphaseC
w+
V_ROTB1
PhaseA_in
PhaseB_in
PhaseC_in
MotionSetup1_in
PhaseA_out
PhaseB_out
PhaseC_out
MotionSetup1_out
Air Gap Density, Out of Plane forces, Eccentricity in Rotor-stator, Harmonics may lead to noise
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 25
Direct Force Mapping Electromagnetic forces from Maxwell
to Mechanical by linking systems in Workbench
Can perform time domain Transient Analysis
Can perform frequency domain Harmonic Analysis
Electromagnetic Noise source
Mechanical Vibrations induced by electromagnetic forces acting on rotor-stator produces appreciable noise
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 4, 2014 26
From the transient Maxwell simulation, FFT is performed and remote loads are automatically generated of the selected geometric entities:
ANSYS Mechanical