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Acknowledgement
Any survey work is impossible with out any support of expert and professional and that study is not an exception. Therefore First of all I would like to express my deep sense indebted to Dr. Meenakshi Srivastava. Head of the department of zoology university of Lucknow. This able guidance encouragement and timely suggestion provided me incentive to work on the problem assigned to me.Thanks are more than due to Dr.Nirupma Agarwal professor of zoology department for providing the necessary facilities in the department. I am highly thankful to Dr.A.M.Sexena professor of zoology department. Finally, I am especially indebted to Dr. Amita Kanuajia lecturer of zoology department who have not only blessed me but also remained a tower of strength for inspiration and encouragement.
Reena Devi808024
M.sc.final(zoology)University of Lucknow
• Protozoa classification (Levine et al (1980) ).• Life cycle of different protozoan parasites.
Gereral characters-1. These are microscopic, animalcule but few are visible
to the unaided eyes.• Spherical , amoeboid ,ovoid ,spindle, cup shaped.• Body is a cellular.• Free living.• Protoplasm, differentiated into ectoplasm, endoplasm.• Nutrition may be holozoic (animal like),
halophytic(plant like), saprophytic.• Locomotion by
pseudopodia(rhiopoda),flagella(mastigophora),cilia(ciliata).8. protozoans two type of nuclei(macronucleus)and nucleus(dimorphic).
SARCOMASTIGOPHORALABYRINTHOMORPHA
APICOMPLEXAMICROSPORAASCETOSPORA
MYXOZOA
CILIOPHORA
*
SUBPHYLUM
MASTIGOPHORA
OPALINATA
SARCODINA
CL PHYTOMASTIGOPHORA A O- EUGLENIDA Ex- Euglena
S o- DINOFLAGELLIDA Ex- Noctiluca
S ZOOMASTIGOPHORAo-KINETOPLASTIDA Ex-Trypanosoma, Leishmania
o-DIPLOMONADIDA Ex-Giardia
o-TRICHOMONADIDA Ex- Trichomonas
class-OPALINATEA
Order-OPALINIDAe.g OPLINA
SUPERCLASS –RhizopodaCLoboseaL suA b Gymnamoebia
o-Amoebeda Ex-AmoebaS cl Arcellinida Ex-Arcella S assGranuloreticulasea
o-Foramanifrida Ex- Polystomella (Elphidium)
CLASS
SPOROZOEAGregarina
s. O-Gregarinida Ex-Monocystis, GregarinaC.Coccidia
o-Eococcidida Ex- Plasmodium, Eimeria
CLASS
KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREAS.C.-VESTIBULIFEREA
o-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Ex-Balantidium
S.C.-SUCTORIA
o-SUCTORIDA Ex- Ephelota
POLYMENOPHORAS.C - SPIROTRICHIA
o- HETEROTRICHIDA Ex- Stentor , Nyctotherus
OLIGOMENOPHORAS.C.-HYMENOSTOMATIAO-HYMENOSTOMATIDIA EX- ParameciumS.C PERITRICHIA
o-PERITRICHIDA Ex- Vorticella
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
• Simple nucleus.• Locomotion through Flagella, Pseudopodia.• Reproduction through Syngamy
S.P-MASTIGOPHORA
• Commonly called flagellate.• Locomotion through flagellum.• Body covered with pellicle.• Nutrition may be Holophytic, Saprozoic,
Holozoic.
CLASS. PHYTOMASTIPHORA
• Presence of Chromatophore.• Nutrition may be Holophytic or Mixiotrophic.• Paramylon is reserve food.• Reproduction take place by longitudinal
binary fission.
ORDER EUGLENIDA• Body covered with Pellicle.• One or two flagella.• Nutrition holophytic or saprozoic.• Reproduction by longitudinal binary
fission.e.g. Euglena.
CLASS ZOOMASTIGOPHORA
• Absence of Chromatophores.• Two or more flagella.• Holozoic or saprozoic nutrition.• Reproduction through binary fission.
ORDER- KINETOPLASTIDA
• Mostly parasitic.• Nutrition holozoic or saprozoic.• Reprodution by binary fissioin.• Mostly pathogenic (disease causing in
man and domestic animal).e.g. Trypanosoma.
SUBPHYLUM-OPALINATA
• Body covered with cilia.• Monomorphic nuclei are present.• Reproduction by symmetogenic.• Endoparasite in large intestine of frog.e.g. Opalina.
SUB-PHYLUM SARCODINA
• Locomotion and feeding by pseudopodia.• Body is amoeboid.• Single nucleus.• Nutrition is holozoic, Saprozoic.• Reproduction by binary fission.
OREDER-AMOEBIDA
• Body is amoeboid.• Naked without Skelton.• Test or shell absent.e.g. Amoeba.
ORDER-ARCELLINIDA
• Body enclosed in one chambered shell.• Lobose pseudopodia.• Fresh water forms.e.g. Arcella.
PHYLUM-APICOMPLEXA
• Apical complex.• Consisting of polar ring, rhoptries,
micronemes, conoid.• Cilia absent.• Reproduction by syngamy.
ORDER-GREGARINIDA
• Mature trophozoites large and extra cellular.
• Reproduction by sexual with sporogony.• Spore contains eight sporozoites.e.g. Monocystis.
ORDER-EOCOCCIDIDA
• Trophozoite is intracellular.• Parasite of vertebrates, insect, worms.e.g. Plasmodium, Eimeria.
ORDER-MICROSPORIDA
• Spores are unicellular.• Intra cellular in arthropods and
vertebrates.e.g. Nosema bombycis, caused Pebrine disease in silkworm larvae.
PHYLUM-CILIOPHORA
• Simple and compound cilia.• Two types of nuclei.• Reproduction by conjugation,Autogamy,
Cytogamy.e.g. Paramecium,Balantidium
NOCTILUCA
Phylum Protozoa
Mastigophora
Sacrodina CiliataOpalinateeg-opalina Sporozoa
PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREA ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA
1-CHRYSOMONADIDA 1-CHAONOFLAGELLIDA Eg-Chrysamaeda eg- Proterospongia2-CRYPTOMONADIDA 2-RHIZOMASTIGIDA Eg-Cryptomonas eg-Mastigamoeba3-DINOFLAGELLIDA 3-KINETOPLASTIDA Eg-Ceratium ,Noctiluca eg-Leishmania4-EUGLENIDA 4-DIPLOMONADIDAEg- Euglena eg- Giardia 5- VOLVOCIDA 5-TRICHOMONADIDA Eg-Volvox Pandorina 6- HYPERMASTIGIDA 6- CHLOROMONADIDA eg- TrichonymphaEg-Vacuolaria
SUPER CLASS 3- SARCODINA(GR..SARCOS=FLESHY, PODOS=FOOT)classesHYDRAULEA AUTOTRACTEA
1-AMOEBIDA 1-PROTEOMYXIDA Eg- Amoeba, eg-Pseudospora Entamoeba 2-HELIOZODA 2-ARCELLINIDA eg-ActinophrysEg-Arcella,difflugia 3-RADIOLARIDA3-MYCETOZOIDA eg-ThalassicolaEg-Badhamia 4-FORAMANIFERIDA eg-Elphidium
TELOSPOREA CNIDOSPOREA ACNIDOSPOREA
1-MYXOSPORIDA 1-TOXOPLASMIDA1-GREGARINIDIA eg-Myxobolus eg-ToxoplsmaEg-Monocystis Myxidium GREGARINA 2- COCCIDIA 2-MICROSPORIDA 2-HAPLOSPORIDA Eg-Eimeria eg-Nosema eg-HaplasporidiumIsopora Ictrhyosporidium3-HAEMOSPORIDIAEg-Plasmodium
HOLOTRICHEA PERITRICHEA SUCTOREA SPIROTRICHEA
1-GYMNOSTOMATIDA 1-PERITRICHIDA 1-SUCTORIDA 1-HETEROTRICHIDAEgProrodon eg-Vorticella eg-Ephelota eg Nyctotherus2-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Podophrya 2-OLIGOTRICHIDAEg-Balantidium eg-Strombidium 3-CHONOTRICHIDA 3-HYPOTRICHIDAEg-Spirochona eg-Stylonychia4-ASTOMATIDAEg-Anoplophyra5-HYMENSTOMATIDAEg-Paramoecium
1- SARCOMASTIGOPHORA2- APICOMPLEXA 3- MICROSPHORA
NOT 4- ASCETOSPORA CONSIDERED 5- MYXOZOA6- CILIOPHORA (e.g-Balantidium, Nyctotherus)
MASTIGOPHORA OPALINATE SARCODINACLASS (AMOEBAE)ZOOMASTIGOPHORA
ORDERKINETOPLASTIDA RETORTAMONADIDA DIPLOMONADIDA TRICHOMONADIDAeg- Chilomastix, eg- Giardia eg-Trichomonas,S.O Retortamonas Dientamoeba
.TRYPANOSOMATINAEg.– Trypanosoma, Leishmania
RHIZOPODAEg,-Entamoeba,
Naegleria
class
Sporozoeaeg-Monocystis eg -Isopora, eg -Babesia,Toxoplasma, Theileria
Plasmodium.
1. 2. 3
GREGARINIA COCCIDIA PIROPLASMIA
• Levine et al (1980).• J.D.Smith.• K.K.Tripathi.
THANK YOU