Acids Bases and Salts (2)

7/29/2019 Acids Bases and Salts (2)

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Sour in taste

Produce H+ (hydrogen ions)

Turns blue litmus to redAcids + metals salt + hydrogen gas

Conduct electricity

are corrosive (acid rain)Acid + base salt + water (neutralization)

pH less than 7


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HCl - hydrochloric- stomach acid

H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries

HNO3

- nitric acid - explosives

HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar

H2CO

3-carbonic acid - sodas

H3PO4- phosphoric acid - flavorings


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Examples of acids:

Vinegar

Lemon Juice

Soft Drink Battery Acid

Stomach Acid

Apple Juice Black Tea


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Bitter to tasteSoapy to touch

Water soluble bases are called alkalis

All alkalis are bases but all bases are notalkalis

Turns red litmus to blue, phenolphthalein

pink and methyl orange yellowBase + acid salt + water

pH is greater than 7


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NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner

Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids

Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants

NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- ammonia


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Examples of bases:

Detergent

Baking Soda

Drain Cleaner

Ammonia

Soaps (hand, dish)

Antacid


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Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium

carbonate, sodium carbonate

Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium

phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium

hydroxide


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These are items that are neither acids or

bases.

Neutral items will turn blue and red litmus

paper green.

The main example of a neutral item is:Pure Water


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Indicator Acidcolor

Neutralcolor

Basecolor

Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink

Bromthymolblue

Yellow Green Blue

Litmus Red ----- Blue


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Red litmus paper Blue litmus paper

pH (Scale and paper)

Red Cabbage Juice


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Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper

certain plant extracts(Lichens), such as litmus,

can be used to distinguish acids from bases.

blue paper turn red when dipped in an acid

red litmus paper turn blue when exposed toa base


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pH is the measure of the acidity or

basicity of a solution.

The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14

1 through 6 being acidic

7 is considered neutral

8 through 14 being basic

the negative logarithm of the

hydronium ion concentration of

an aqueous solution; used to

express acidity.


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Red cabbage can be used as an acid/base

indicator

After boiling the red cabbage we will get juice.Pour a small amount of the juice into a small

sample of a substance your checking

The juice will turn blue if the substance is a

base

The juice will turn red if the substance is an

acid


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A salt is a neutral substance produced from the

reaction of an acid and a base.

Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the

positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction

Examples: Potassium chloride(KCl), MagnesiumSulphate(MgSO

4

), Sodium phosphate (Na3

PO4

)


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A neutralization reaction is the reaction of

an acid with a base to produce salt and

water.

Example

H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O


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Digestion-process by which foods are broken downinto simpler substances.

Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is

torn apart (mouth)

Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large

molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.

(stomach and small intestines)
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Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase,

an enzyme which begins to break

carbohydrates into sugars. Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken

down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.

Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion

ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream

toward cells that use them


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Source:-Wikipedia

Google

Khan AcademyMeritnation


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Acids Bases and Salts (2)