ACIDS, BASES, and pH. Acids, Bases, and pH Vocabulary Solution Solution Acid Acid Base Base pH scale pH scale Ion- an atom or molecule with a positive

ACIDS, BASES, and ACIDS, BASES, and pHpH

Acids, Bases, and pH Acids, Bases, and pH VocabularyVocabulary

SolutionSolution AcidAcid BaseBase pH scalepH scale Ion- an atom or molecule with a Ion- an atom or molecule with a

positive (+) or negative (-) charge positive (+) or negative (-) charge

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SolutionsSolutions

A solution is also called a A solution is also called a homogenous mixturehomogenous mixture, which is a , which is a mixture of two or more substances mixture of two or more substances that is that is identicalidentical throughout. throughout.

Many solutions have certain Many solutions have certain propertiesproperties that make them an that make them an acidacid or a or a basebase

AcidsAcids Acids are found in a your medicine Acids are found in a your medicine

cabinet, refrigerator, and on your kitchen cabinet, refrigerator, and on your kitchen shelvesshelves

Examples of acids include: aspirin, vitamin Examples of acids include: aspirin, vitamin C, eyewash, oranges, grapes, lemons, C, eyewash, oranges, grapes, lemons, grapefruit , apples, milk, tea, pickles, grapefruit , apples, milk, tea, pickles, vinegar and carbonated drinksvinegar and carbonated drinks

Why are acids important?Why are acids important?

Food digestion! You could not digest food Food digestion! You could not digest food if it were not for gastric acid in your if it were not for gastric acid in your stomach.stomach.

The manufacture of dyes, synthetic fibers, The manufacture of dyes, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and explosives involves the use fertilizers, and explosives involves the use of acids.of acids.



AcidsAcids Acids taste sour when Acids taste sour when

dissolved in water dissolved in water Produce a burning or prickly Produce a burning or prickly

feeling on the skinfeeling on the skin Acids react with carbonates Acids react with carbonates

(like baking soda) and most (like baking soda) and most metalsmetals

Acids have a pH of less than 7Acids have a pH of less than 7 Produce hydrogen ions (H+) Produce hydrogen ions (H+)

when dissolved in waterwhen dissolved in water Examples of acids can be Examples of acids can be

found in many foods such as; found in many foods such as; oranges, tomatoes, vinegar, oranges, tomatoes, vinegar, and lemons. and lemons.

Examples of AcidsExamples of AcidsNameName FormulaFormula UsesUses

HydrochloricHydrochloric HClHCl Cleaning bricks and metals, Cleaning bricks and metals, digesting fooddigesting food

SulfuricSulfuric HH22SOSO44 Manufacturing paints, plastics, Manufacturing paints, plastics, fertilizers, dehydrating agentfertilizers, dehydrating agent

NitricNitric HNOHNO33 Removing Tarninsh, making Removing Tarninsh, making explosives (TNT), Making explosives (TNT), Making fertilizersfertilizers

BoricBoric HH33BOBO33 Eye washEye wash

CarbonicCarbonic HH22COCO33 Carbonating beveragesCarbonating beverages

PhosphoricPhosphoric HH33POPO44 Making fertilizers and Making fertilizers and detergentsdetergents

CitricCitric HH33CC66HH55OO77 Making soft drinksMaking soft drinks

BasesBases

Bases are also found in household Bases are also found in household products.products.

Examples of bases include: milk of Examples of bases include: milk of magnesia, deodorants, ammonia and magnesia, deodorants, ammonia and soap.soap.



BasesBases Bases taste bitter and feel Bases taste bitter and feel

slippery or soapy.slippery or soapy. Bases react with fatty acids Bases react with fatty acids

and oils to dissolve themand oils to dissolve them Bases have a pH of greater Bases have a pH of greater

than 7than 7 Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) Produce hydroxide ions (OH-)

when dissolved in waterwhen dissolved in water Examples of bases: Examples of bases:

soap, ammonia, soap, ammonia, antacids (Tums or antacids (Tums or Rolaids), tooth paste, Rolaids), tooth paste, baking soda, floor baking soda, floor cleanercleaner

Examples of BasesExamples of Bases

NameName FormulaFormula UsesUsesSodium HydroxideSodium Hydroxide NaOhNaOh Making soap, drain Making soap, drain

cleanercleaner

Potassium HydroxidePotassium Hydroxide KOHKOH Making soap, battery Making soap, battery electrolyteelectrolyte

Calcium HydroxideCalcium Hydroxide CaOHCaOH22 Leather production, Leather production, making plastermaking plaster

Magnesium HydroxideMagnesium Hydroxide MgOHMgOH22 Laxative, antacidLaxative, antacid

Ammonium HydroxideAmmonium Hydroxide NHNH44OHOH Household cleanerHousehold cleaner

Aluminum HydroxideAluminum Hydroxide AlOHAlOH33 Antacid, deodorantAntacid, deodorant



pH scalepH scale The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a

solution is, on a scale of 0-14 and is a measurement of acidity.

pH stands for “potential of hydrogen”, which refers to the ions acids and bases release when dissolved in water. The ions create a chemical reaction when in contact with a pH indicator like red cabbage juice or pH paper, which turns the indicator a different color.

Acids have a pH below 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid as that substance will release more hydrogen ions when dissolved.

Bases have a pH above 7. The higher the pH, the stronger the base, as that substance will also release more hydroxide ions when dissolved.

Red Cabbage Juice pH ScaleRed Cabbage Juice pH Scale

NeutralsNeutrals

A substance is considered neutral if it A substance is considered neutral if it has a has a pH of 7pH of 7..

Neutrals are Neutrals are neitherneither an acid or a an acid or a base.base.

Example: Example: Distilled (pure) waterDistilled (pure) water..

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ACIDS, BASES, and pH. Acids, Bases, and pH Vocabulary Solution Solution Acid Acid Base Base pH scale pH scale Ion- an atom or molecule with a positive