Acids • any substance that produces H+ when

dissolved in water• 2 types

– Binary – hydrogen and one other element– Oxyacids – contains hydrogen and oxygen

P. 271 - 273.

Naming AcidsBinary 1. Use the prefix hydro for hydrogen2. Use the root of the 2nd element and add -ic3. Write the word acid

HF, HBr, HI, HCl

Note: If a polyatomic ion does not contain oxygen these rules apply. Use the root of the polyatomic.

HCN – hydrocyanic acid

P. 271 - 273.

Naming Acids - continued

• Oxyacids– Depends on the oxyanion (polyatomic ion

containing oxygen)

1. Use the root of the oxyanion

2. Add the suffix

3. Write the word acid

ate = ic ite = ous

P. 271 - 273. Questions – 26-32.

Naming Bases

• An ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

• Ca(OH)2 – calcium hydroxide

• NaOH – Sodium hydroxide

• Named like other ionic compounds.

Chemical Reactions• Rearrangement of atoms from one or

more substances to form new substances– Bonds must break and then reform

Indicators of a reaction– Temp– Smell– Color– Bubbles– Solid formation

Collision Theory P. 541-544

1.Reacting substances must collide.

2.Collisions must be in the correct orientation.

3.Reacting substances must collide with sufficient kinetic energy to form the activated complex.

Activated complex – unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily at the peak of the activation energy barrier.

P. 581 Q 13, 14

AKA - Transition StateEnergy does not equal the

activation energy

CO(g) + NO2(g) CO2(g) + NO(g)

Bonds Break

Bonds Reform

Bonds Break

Bonds Reform

Universe = system + surroundings

Hands, air, etc…..

Exothermic Reaction

Endothermic Reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass P. 324-326

the amount of matter in a reaction cannot change it must

be conserved

Reactants Products

Mass = Mass

# of atoms = # of atoms

P. 323

Indicates heat is supplied to the reaction:

Δ heat→ →

Indicates a catalyst is used:

Pt→

Word vs. Skeleton Equations

Which contains more information?

Hint : Single atom gases are diatomic, Cl2 (g) not Cl (g) BrINClHOF’s

P.324 Q 1 and 2

coefficients

Balancing Equations (p. 327)

• Write a skeleton equation.• Count the atoms of the reactants and

products.• Add coefficients • Write coefficients in the lowest whole

number ratios.– If fractions are used you must multiply every

group by the number that cancels the fraction

Balance each of the following:

P. 327 Q 3 and 4 P. 328 Q 5 and 6 P. 329 Q 10-12

Synthesis/Combination Reactions P. 330

P. 331 Q 13 and 14

O2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) 2H2O (l)Would the formation of water release heat(exothermic) or absorb

heat(endothermic)? Use the bond enthalpy chart.

Decomposition Reactions P. 332

P. 332 Q 15 and 16

2HCl (g) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) Would the formation of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas release heat

(exothermic) or absorb heat (endothermic)? Use the bond enthalpy chart.

Combustion Reactions P. 336

• Oxygen reacts with a substance and releases heat and light

P. 336 Q 20 and 21 P. 339 Q 22-27

Would this reaction release heat or absorb heat? Use the enthalpy chart.

Single Replacement Reactions P. 333

When will reactions take place?

• The more reactive atom will replace the least reactive one.

P. 334 Q 17

Acids and Metals

– React with metals to produce H2 (g)

– 2HCl (aq) + 2Na (s) 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

– React with metal carbonates to produce CO2

NaHCO3 (aq) + HC2H3O2 (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g) + NaC2H3O2 (aq)

Double Replacement Reaction P. 334

Precipitate

Precipitates that are formed are either a solid, gas or water. Water forms when an acid (Contains H+ ion) and a base(OH-

ion) react with each other

P. 335 Q. 18 - 19

Reactions that form precipitates in aqueous solutions.

Complete ionic reaction – how it actually exists

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions P. 342

• Most reactions are water based• Aqueous solutions consist of separate ions

2NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Write the complete ionic equation:

Net Ionic Equations

• Spectator ions are eliminated

Predicting the Formation of a Precipitate P. 344

P. 344 Q. 30-35