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1) Acids start with hydrogen, and some react with active metals to liberate hydrogen gas.
Ba(s) + H2SO4(aq) BaSO4 (aq) + H2(g)
Properties of Acids
2) Acids change the color of dyes known as “acid-base indicators”
Acids turn litmus paper turns red.
Properties of Acids
4) Acids react with bases to produce salt and water.
This is a neutralization reaction.
Mg(OH)2 + HCl --> MgCl2 + HOH
2) Change the color of acid-2) Change the color of acid-base indicators base indicators
litmus paper:litmus paper: red red blueblue
Properties of Properties of BasesBases
4)4) Bases react with acid to Bases react with acid to produce salt and water. produce salt and water. This is called This is called neutralization reaction.neutralization reaction.
5)5) Bases areBases are
electrolyteselectrolytes. What?. What?
6) 6) Bases produce Bases produce hydroxidehydroxide ions when dissolved in water.ions when dissolved in water.
Names and Formulas of Names and Formulas of AcidsAcids
If acid is binary & ends with –If acid is binary & ends with –ideide::
1)1) hydro-(stem)-ic acidhydro-(stem)-ic acid
If the acid is TERNARY: (no HYDRO!)If the acid is TERNARY: (no HYDRO!)
2) If anion ends with –2) If anion ends with –iteite: (stem)-ous : (stem)-ous acidacid
3) If anion ends with –3) If anion ends with –ateate: (stem)-ic acid: (stem)-ic acid
Names and Formulas of Names and Formulas of AcidsAcids
To write formulas for acid:To write formulas for acid:
Balance the charges Balance the charges
(Use criss-cross method).(Use criss-cross method).
PracticePractice
– A. HA. H33POPO44:_________________:_________________
– B. HB. H22S:____________________S:____________________
– A. Hydrobromic acid:_______________A. Hydrobromic acid:_______________
– B. Nitrous acid:___________________B. Nitrous acid:___________________
Names and Formulas of Names and Formulas of BasesBases
•1. Bases are compounds that 1. Bases are compounds that produce hydroxide ions when produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.-dissolved in water.-ALKALINEALKALINE
•2. Ionic compounds that are 2. Ionic compounds that are bases are named like ionic bases are named like ionic compoundscompounds
Naming BasesNaming Bases
Name metal then add hydroxideName metal then add hydroxide Base ExamplesBase Examples
Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22:: NaOH:NaOH:
Write the formula from the name Write the formula from the name for the following bases.for the following bases.
Aluminum hydroxide =Aluminum hydroxide =
Ammonium Hydroxide =Ammonium Hydroxide =
Neutralization Neutralization ReactionsReactions
A reaction between A reaction between traditional acids (hydrodium traditional acids (hydrodium ions) and bases (hydroxide ions) and bases (hydroxide ions) produces water and ions) produces water and one of a class of compounds one of a class of compounds called saltscalled salts
HH33O+(O+(aqaq) + OH−() + OH−(aqaq) ) 2H2H22O(O(ll))
Acid Base ReactionsAcid Base Reactions
1. 1. SaltSalt- ionic compound composed - ionic compound composed of a of a OHOH-- from an Arrhenius base and from an Arrhenius base and an an HH33OO++ from an Arrhenius acid from an Arrhenius acid
2HNO2HNO33 + Ca(OH) + Ca(OH)22 Ca Ca2+2+ (NO (NO33--))2 2 + 2HOH+ 2HOH
HH22S + 2NaOH NaS + 2NaOH Na22+ + SS2-2- + 2HOH + 2HOH
Double Replacement Double Replacement
Uses of Common Acids
Sulfuric acid: H2SO4 is used in
car batteries, paper manufacturing and many other manufacturing processes.
Sulfuric acid is the #1 industrial chemical produced in the world.
Uses of Common Acids
Phosphoric acid: H3PO4. Fertilizers and animal feedSour taste, not toxicFlavoring agent: Coca Cola®
Cleaning agentManufacturing of detergents and
ceramics
Hydrochloric acid:HCl 1. Stomach produces HCl to aid in digestion. 2. In the industries, it’s used for “pickling” iron
and steel to remove impurities. 3. General cleaning agent, used in food
processing, activation of oil wells, recovery of magnesium from sea water and production of other chemicals.
4. Dilute HCl, commonly known as muriatic acid, is used to correct acidity in swimming pools and cleaning masonry.
5. Used in toilet bowl cleaners
Acetic Acid: HC2H3O2
1. Synthesizes chemicals used in making plastics.
2. Raw material in producing food supplements- lysine, an essential amino acid
3. Used as a fungicide 4. White vinegar contains 4-8% acetic acid 5. Used to produce food products such as
pickles
Acid RainAcid Rain• Normal rain pH of Normal rain pH of 5.35.3
•Acid rain pH of 4.2-Acid rain pH of 4.2-4.44.4
Acid RainAcid Rain• Man-Made CausesMan-Made Causes
– Burning of Burning of fossil fuels fossil fuels
(coal production – (coal production – yucky!)yucky!)
–carbon dioxide + water carbon dioxide + water => => carbonic acidcarbonic acid
4. 4. Results of acid rain- Results of acid rain- changes changes ecosystemsecosystems
•a) kills aquatic lifea) kills aquatic life
•b) deteriorates statues b) deteriorates statues and buildings and and buildings and bridgesbridges
Traditional AcidTraditional AcidDefinition: An Arrhenius acid Definition: An Arrhenius acid
is a chemical compound that is a chemical compound that increases the concentration increases the concentration of of hydrogen ions, H+,hydrogen ions, H+, in in aqueous solution. aqueous solution.
HNOHNO33 + H + H22O O H H33OO++ + NO + NO33--
B. Acid- Base reactions- B. Acid- Base reactions- Arrhenius (traditional) Acid – Base Arrhenius (traditional) Acid – Base ReactionsReactions• 1. An acid-base reaction occurs in 1. An acid-base reaction occurs in
aqueous solution between a strong aqueous solution between a strong Arrhenius acid that completely Arrhenius acid that completely dissociates to produce dissociates to produce HH33OO++, , and a and a strong Arrhenius base that completely strong Arrhenius base that completely dissociates to produce dissociates to produce OHOH−−
• HCl(HCl(aqaq) + NaOH() + NaOH(aqaq) ) NaCl(NaCl(aqaq) + H) + H22O(O(ll))
c. Their water solutions are c. Their water solutions are known as aqueous acids. All known as aqueous acids. All pure aqueous acids are pure aqueous acids are electroytes.electroytes.
HNO3(HNO3(ll) + H2O() + H2O(ll) ) H3O+( H3O+(aqaq) + NO3−() + NO3−(aqaq))HCl(HCl(gg) + H2O() + H2O(ll) ) H3O+( H3O+(aqaq) + Cl−() + Cl−(aqaq))
Traditional BasesTraditional Bases Arrhenius base is a substance Arrhenius base is a substance
that contains that contains hydroxide ions hydroxide ions (OH(OH--)) and and dissociates to dissociates to produce hydroxide ionsproduce hydroxide ions (OH-) (OH-) into solutionsinto solutions
NaOH(NaOH(ss) ) Na+(Na+(aqaq) + OH−() + OH−(aqaq))