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ACID, BASES AND SALTS

ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

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Page 1: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

ACID, BASES AND SALTS

Page 2: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Introduction (परिचय)On the basis of their chemical properties,

all the compounds can be classified into

three groups:

1. Acids/ अम्ल

2. Bases/ क्षार

3. Salts/ लवण

Page 3: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

is put into an acid or a base, an indicator tells us

whether the substance we are testing is an acid or a

base by change in its colour.

The three most common indicators to test for acids

and bases are : Litmus, Methyl orange and

Phenolphthalein.

ललटमस, लमथाइल ऑरेंज और फेनोल्फथेललन।

Page 4: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

(i) An acid turns blue litmus to red.

एक अम् ल नील ेललटमस को लाल कर दतेा ह।ै

(ii) A base (or alkali) turns red litmus to

blue.

एक क्षाररय (या क्षार) लाल ललटमस को नील े

रंग में बदल दतेा ह।ै

Page 5: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Properties of Acids 1. Acids have a sour taste

2. Acids turn blue litmus to red

3. Acid solutions conduct electricity (They are electrolytes)

4. Acids react with metals to form hydrogen gas

5. Acids react with metal carbonates (and metal hydrogen

carbonates) to from carbon dioxides gas

6. Acids react with bases (or alkalis) to form salt and water

7. Acids react with metal oxides to from salt and water

Page 6: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Properties of Bases 1. Bases have bitter taste

2. Bases fell soapy to touch

3. Bases turn red litmus to blue

4. Bases conduct electricity in solution (They are

electrolytes)

5. Bases conduct electricity in solution (They are

electrolytes)

6. Bases react with acids to from slat and water

7. Bases react with non-metal oxides to form salt and water

Page 7: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Litmus Solution (ललटमस लवलयन)Litmus, which is extracted from lichen,

has purple color, but the condition is

when it is neither acidic nor basic, i.e.

neutral.

ललटमस, लजस ेलाइकेन स ेलनकाला जाता ह,ै उसमें

बैंगनी रंग होता ह,ै लकेकन लथथलत यह ह ैकक यह न

तो अम्लीय ह ैऔर न ही क्षार |

Page 8: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Litmus basically is a plant belongs to Thallophyta,

and in chemical experiment, it is commonly used

as an indicator.

ललटमस मलू रूप स ेएक पौधा थालोफाइटा स ेसबंंलधत है,

और रासायलनक प्रयोग में, इस ेआमतौर पर एक सकेंतक के

रूप में उपयोग ककया जाता ह।ै

Page 9: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Acid or Base in a Water Solution:

एक पानी के घोल में अम्ल या क्षार :

The hydrogen ions in HCl are produced because

of the presence of water. Secondly, the

separation of H+ ion from the HCl molecules

cannot be done in the absence of water.

HCl में हाइड्रोजन आयन पानी की उपलथथलत के कारण

उत्पन्न होत ेहैं। दसूरे, HCl अणुओं स ेH + आयन का

पथृक्करण पानी की अनुपलथथलत में नहीं ककया जा सकता ह।ै

Page 10: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl–

Page 11: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Furthermore, hydrogen ions cannot exist

alone, but they can exist in presence of water

molecules. Therefore, hydrogen ions are

shown as H+(aq) or hydronium ion (H3O+).

इसके अलावा, हाइड्रोजन आयन अकेल ेमौजदू नहीं हो

सकत ेहैं, लकेकन व ेपानी के अणओुं की उपलथथलत में

मौजदू हो सकत ेहैं। इसललए, हाइड्रोजन आयनों को H

+ (aq) या हाइड्रोलनयम आयन (H3O +) के रूप में

कदखाया जाता ह।ै

Page 12: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

H+ + H2O → H3O+

Page 13: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

•The bases which are soluble in water are

known as alkalis. But all bases are not soluble

in water.

क्षार जो पानी म ेघलुत ेह ैएल्काली के रूप में जान ेजात े

हैं।लकेकन सभी क्षार पानी में घलुनशील नहीं हैं|

•If water is added to a concentrated acid, then

the heat is generated.

यकद पानी को एक सादं्र अम्ल में डाला जाता ह,ै तो गमी

उत्पन्न होती ह|ै

Page 14: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

•Mixing an acid or base with the water results into decrease in the concentration of ions (i.e. H3O+/OH–) per unit volume and the process is known as dilution.एक अम्र मा ऺाय को ऩानी के साथ मभराकय आमनों (मानी H3O + / OH–) की प्रति मूतनट भात्रा भें कभी हो जािी है औय इस प्रक्रिमा को िनुकयण के रूऩ भें जाना जािा है।

Page 15: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

pH Scale•A scale, used in measuring the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, is known as pH scale.एक स्केर, जजसका उऩमोग क्रकसी घोर भें हाइड्रोजन आमन साांद्रिा को भाऩने के मरए क्रकमा जािा है, pH स्केर के रूऩ भें जाना जािा है।• The ‘p’ in pH stands for ‘potenz’, it is a German term, which means ‘power’.ऩीएच भें ‘P' का अथथ 'ऩोटेंज' है, मह एक जभथन शब्द है, जजसका अथथ है 'शजति'।

Page 16: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

•PH value is taken simply as a number, which indicates the acidic or basic nature of a solution. So, if the concentration of hydronium ion is higher, then the value of pH would be lower.PH भान को केवर एक सांख्मा के रूऩ भें मरमा जािा है, जो एक ववरमन के अम्रीम मा ऺायीम प्रकृति को दशाथिा है। मदद हाइड्रोतनमभ आमन की भात्रा अधधक है, िो PH का भान कभ होगा।

•The value of pH scale ranges between ‘0’ and ’14;’ so, if pH value is measured ‘0,’ it means – it is very acidic and if it is 14, then it means –it very alkaline.PH स्केर का भान ’0 'औय '14 के फीच होिा है;' इसमरए, मदद pH भान को, 0 भाऩा जािा है, िो इसका भिरफ है - मह फहुि अम्रीम है औय मदद मह 14 है, िो इसका भिरफ है - मह फहुि ऺायीम है।

Page 17: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

•The neutral value of pH scale is ‘7’. PH ऩभैाने का उदासीन भान ’7’ है।

•On a pH scale, values less than 7 represent an acidic solution and values greater than 7 represent a basic solution.PH ऩभैाने ऩय, 7 से कभ भान एक अम्रीम ववरमन को दशाथिा हैं औय 7 से अधधक भान ऺायीम ववरमन को दशाथिा हैं।

Page 18: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

ACID-BASE SCALE

Page 19: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

ACID-BASE SCALE

Page 20: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Solution and pH value

Page 21: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it
Page 22: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it
Page 23: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it
Page 24: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

Importance of pH in Everyday Life(दैतनक जीवन भें PH का भहत्व):

Page 25: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

•The pH value of a human body ranges between 7.0 and 7.8.भानव शयीय का pH भान 7.0 से 7.8 के फीच होिा है।

•The stomach of a human body produces hydrochloric acid that helps in the digestion of food; surprisingly, it does not harm the stomach anyway.एक भानव शयीय का ऩेट हाइड्रोतरोरयक एमसड का उत्ऩादन कयिा है जो बोजन के ऩाचन भें भदद कयिा है; आश्चमथजनक रूऩ से, मह ऩेट को नकुसान नहीां ऩहुांचािा है।

Page 26: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

However, when the stomach produces too much acid (known as indigestion), it causes pain and irritation. To get relief from this pain, doctors suggest the use of bases known as antacids.

हाराांक्रक, जफ ऩेट फहुि अधधक एमसड (अऩच के रूऩ भें जाना जािा है) ऩैदा कयिा है, िो मह ददथ औय जरन का कायण फनिा है। इस ददथ से याहि ऩाने के मरए, डॉतटय ऐन्टैमसड के रूऩ भें ऺाय उऩमोग का सुझाव देिे हैं।

Page 27: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

These antacids neutralize and control the increased amount of acid.मे एांटामसड एमसड की फढी हुई भात्रा को फेअसय औय तनमांत्रत्रि कयिे हैं|

The teeth, which are made up of calcium phosphate, is the hardest substance in the body. However, when the pH in the mouth decreases (below 5.5), it corrodes the teeth.दाांि, जो कैजशशमभ पॉस्पेट से फने होिे हैं, शयीय का सफसे कठोय ऩदाथथ है। हाराांक्रक, जफ भुांह भें Ph कभ हो जािा है (5.5 से नीच)े, िो मह दाांिों का ऺम कयिा है।

Page 28: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

The salt, normally, is formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution; and, the combination is known as sodium chloride.नभक, साभान्म रूऩ स,े हाइड्रोतरोरयक एमसड औय सोडडमभ हाइड्रोतसाइड सभाधान के सांमोजन से फनिा है; औय, सांमोजन को सोडडमभ तरोयाइड के रूऩ भें जाना जािा है।

When the pH value of rain water is measured as less than 5.6, it is known as acid rain.जफ वषाथ जर का PH भान 5.6 से कभ हो जािा है, िो इसे अम्र वषाथ के रूऩ भें जाना जािा है।

Page 29: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

When acid rain flows into the rivers, then it also lowers the pH of the river waterजफ अम्र वषाथ नददमों भें धगयिी है, िो मह नदी के ऩानी के PH को बी कभ कयिी है|

The acidic river water is threat for the survival of aquatic life.अम्रीम नदी का ऩानी जरीम जीवन के अजस्ित्व के मरए खिया है।

Page 30: ACID BASES AND SALTS - WiFiStudy.com · Bases/ क्षार 3. Salts/ लवण. Indicators for Testing Acids and Bases An indicator is a ‘dye’ that changes colour when it

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