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“. . . there at last his own generous wife came running to meet him, Andromache . . . She came to him there, and beside her went an attendant carrying the boy in the fold of her bosom, a little child, only a baby, Hector's son, the admired, beautiful as a star shining . . . Andromache, stood close beside him, letting her tears fall, and clung to his hand and called him by name and spoke to him: 'Dearest, your own great strength will be your death, and you have no pity on your little son, nor on me, ill-starred, who soon must be your widow.’ Hector answered, 'All these things are in my mind also, lady; yet I would feel deep shame before the Trojans, and the Trojan women with trailing garments, if like a coward I were to shrink aside from the fighting; and the spirit will not let me, since I have learned to be valiant and to fight always among the foremost ranks of the Trojans, winning for my own self great glory, and for my father.” . . . Then taking up his dear son he tossed him about in his arms, and kissed him, and lifted his voice in prayer to Zeus and the other immortals: 'Zeus, and you other immortals, grant that this boy, who is my son, may be as I am, pre-eminent among the Trojans, great in strength, as am I, and rule strongly over Ilion; and some day let them say of him: "He is better by far than his father,” as he comes in from the fighting; and let him kill his enemy and bring home the blooded spoils, and delight the heart of his mother.”
I. The Iliad and the Human Condition
Depicts many elements of the human condition: life, love, depravity, suffering, redemption, death
Late fifth-century manuscript
II. Bronze-Age Greece
A. Islands of peace Minoan cultures Relatively
equitable social structures
Unfortified towns
II. Bronze-Age Greece
B. Mycenaean culture of war Walled
cities, extensive militarization, economic stratification (1600 BCE)
Mycenaean citadel
II. Bronze-Age Greece
C. Greek “dark age” Constant rivalry and
warfare Overpopulation and
migration Written language lost Steady decline from
1200-700 BCE Death mask
III. Archaic Greece (700-500 BCE)A. Polis
Foundation of Greek life
Origins: an elevated area (acropolis) that held the agora
First republic: a true monarchy replaced with an aristocratic republic.
Limits: women and slaves
Hoplites: fighting in community
Paul and Corinth
Paul’s Corinth not the same—at least not physically
Visited twice Wrote at least two
letters to Corinth that reflect the difficulties of trying to spread the gospel in a cosmopolitan city
B. Martial Sparta
Martial structure
Society: Warriors, helots, and perioikoi
Government: At the head of the government were two kings who served as the commanders of the state army
B. Martial Sparta
Peloponnesian League
Alliance: In place by 500 BCE and led by Sparta
Power: Made Sparta the most powerful polis; defense from Persians
Social control Eunomia: elevation of
duty and patriotism over individual interest. All about unity.
State control
King Leonidas I
C. Democratic Athens
Cleisthenes and democracy
Reform: After a series of tyrants, Cleisthenes seeks to democratize the state
Council of Five Hundred: all male citizens over the age of 30 must serve at least one term
LimitsThe father of
Athenian democracy
Paul and Athens
“Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw that the city was full of idols. So he argued in the synagogue with the Jews and the devout persons, and in the market place every day with those who chanced to be there. Some also of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers met him.”
--Acts 17:16-18}