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Achieving the MDGs: Rural Development Investment Cluster. Introduction. The rural development investment cluster includes interventions to: increase food production increase incomes, and ensure access to basic infrastructure services. Key Areas of Intervention. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Achieving the MDGs:
Rural Development Investment Cluster
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Introduction
The rural development investment cluster includes interventions to: increase food production increase incomes, and ensure access to basic infrastructure
services
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Water resources infrastructure and management
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Agricultural Productivity and Rural Income Generation- Key Points
Interventions address poverty and hunger targets
Exact interventions will depend on underlying characteristics of poverty and hunger in the country
To address the hunger goal, these will need to be supplemented with interventions to address the three types of hunger – Hidden, Chronic, and Acute
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Agricultural Productivity-Choose Interventions
Focus on food-insecure farmers
Interventions aimed at increasing food productivity to increase household consumption and generate marketable surplus
Interventions cover:
Investments to increase soil health (e.g. fertilizers, manure, agroforestry)
Provision of improved seeds and planting material Investments in small scale on-farm water management for
agriculture (e.g. traditional water harvesting and conservation, pumps, drip irrigation)
Agriculture and irrigation extension services with a special focus on reaching women farmers, and
Research in agriculture Develop agriculture support systems, such as early warning
systems
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Rural Income Generation-Choose Interventions
Help the poor connect with markets from which they are excluded – Farmers associations– Community and market centers– Improving transportation systems– Training and skills development
Improve the terms on which the poor transact – Land– Quality financial services including microfinance– Storage facilities to reduce post harvest losses
Value-addition/agro-based processing activities
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Agricultural Productivity and Rural Income Generation-
Define Targets
Agricultural productivity Taking 1990 as the baseline year, enable at least half of the
food-insecure subsistence farm households to grow enough food to feed themselves by 2015
Rural income generation Taking 1990 as the baseline year, provide at least half the
food-insecure households in rural areas with access to food storage facilities, quality financial services, value added food processing services, off-farm employment and marketing organizations (such as cooperatives) by 2015.
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Estimate Resource Needs
Country demographic data
Needs per beneficiary
TOTAL NEEDS
Target Population
Target coverage rates
Cost, HR, infrastructure components for key
interventions
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Total Hunger needs
Increasing Agricultural Productivity
Rural Income Generation
Improving Nutrition
The Hunger Dimension- Task Force Recommendations
Invest in Soil Health
Small scale water management
Improved seeds
Extension
Research
Storage
Livestock
Processing
Credit
Farmer associations
Market space
Food for Work
Pregnant women, lactating mothers and infants (7-24 months)
School meals
Supplementation for vulnerable groups
Diet diversification
Food Aid
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Interventions to Improve Nutritional Outcomes
Direct nutritional interventions to pregnant women and lactating mothers
Encourage complementary feeding for infants
School meals sourced through local production
Reduce under-nutrition among children under 5 years
Reduce vitamin and mineral deficiencies targeted at vulnerable groups, through micronutrient supplementation when needed
Emergency relief (early warning systems, safety nets, direct food aid)
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Water resources infrastructure and management
www.unmillenniumproject.org
The case for transport infrastructure and services as part of MDG strategy
Transport is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved transport services (incl. roads, railways, and ports) are critical to:– Lower cost of national and international trade– Reduce cost of agricultural inputs and raise farmgate prices
for produce– Improve prospects for non-farm rural employment– Improve access to urban employment– Improve access to social services (in particular emergency
obstetric care to reduce MMR)– Reduce time poverty – particularly of women
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Transport -Choose Interventions
Transport systems for health and other essential social services and infrastructure maintenance
Upgrading and construction of footpaths, paved secondary or district roads as well as small paved feeder and community roads.
Institutional structure and funding arrangements for adequate road maintenance (such as dedicated road funds).
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Transport -Possible Targets
By 2015 establish national systems for providing and maintaining motorbikes or other vehicles in support of healthcare, agricultural extension, maintenance of infrastructure, etc.
Ensure that 90 percent of the rural population is within 2km of the nearest motorized pick-up point by 2015.
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Very preliminary roads needs assessment
Elements of a roads needs assessment:Transport services
• cost of setting up, operating and maintaining an integrated fleet of vehicles to provide key social services and infrastructure maintenance
• See Riders for Health costing model (www.riders.org)
Transport infrastructure• carry out an inventory of existing road stock to
ascertain the need for rehabilitation and regular maintenance
• estimate additional roads needed to meet the access targets
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Water resources infrastructure and management
www.unmillenniumproject.org
The case for energy infrastructure and services as part of MDG strategy
Energy is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved access to energy services is critical to:– Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR)– Improve provision of social services (e.g. lighting in schools,
refrigeration in health centers)– Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through groundwater
pumps)– Reduce women’s time poverty (e.g. to halve poverty and
achieve gender equity goal)– Make energy available for manufacturing industries and
other productive uses (e.g. to halve poverty)– Halt deforestation and other land degradation (?)
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Energy Services for the MDGs
Cooking with modern fuels
Electricity
Motive power/energy to be generated by simple things water pumping etc
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Energy Choose “MDG-compatible”
Interventions Distribution of efficient cooking stoves
Distribution of modern fuels
Improved ventilation, chimneys, smokehoods, etc. to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass
Increase sustainable biomass production (e.g. agroforestry, woodlots or community forestry, area closures, etc.)
Off-grid systems together with necessary wiring to schools and health facilities.
Facilitate community access to electricity and mechanical power
Facilitate the use of electricity in rural communities that are not connected to the grid, through batteries and charging stations
Rehabilitation and extension of the electric power grid/connection etc
Motive power infrastructure and fuels/diesel generator etc
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Energy Possible Rural Targets
Enable the use of modern fuels and devices for 50% of those who at present use traditional biomass for cooking.
Support x% of the population in adopting improved cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass.
Ensure by 2008 that all schools and health facilities have access to electricity.
Provide access to modern energy services at the community level for all rural communities (in the form of electricity and mechanical power).
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Additional Energy Interventions and Policy Changes
Interventions: Large-scale electricity generation Tariff collection support (pre-paid metering, for example)
Policies and organization Tariff structure reform/subsidies to poor households
etc
www.unmillenniumproject.org
EnergyEstimate Resource Needs – Key Points
Choice among electricity technologies (esp. grid- and off-grid) should be based on low cost
Community-level interventions scale-up according to size of rural communities
The basic needs assessment approach is well-suited to calculating needs for ACCESS to energy services
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Energy Needs Assessment
Coverage Targets (Access )•Modern fuels for 50% of those who currently use biomass•Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas•Electricity and motive power for rural communities
Population & Infrastructure Data • # of HH• # of communities• km of LV/MV/HV line
Cost Data • Cooking: Cookstoves and fuel • Electricity: ($ per km line; connection cost; $/kWh)
Input Ratios: • kg fuel per hh• kWh of electricity per hh/yr
x
Covered Population
&
Total Costs
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Water supply and sanitation
4. Water resources infrastructure and management
5. Transport
6. Energy
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural)-Choose Interventions
Provision and operation of infrastructure for domestic water supply
Construction and operation of sanitation facilities including drainage systems and facilities for disposal of sullage and wastewater
Hygiene education including awareness campaigns in primary schools, through community based organizations, media, and so on
Provision and operation of infrastructure for water supply and sanitation for schools and health facilities.
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural)-Define Targets
MDG Target 10
Taking 1990 as the baseline year:
Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015.
Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015, aiming for each target village to achieve full sanitation coverage and to end the practice of open defecation.
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural):Estimating Needs - Key Points
Define technology mix to be used each year (e.g. boreholes vs. rainwater collection, latrines vs. septic tanks)
Include rehabilitation of existing but defective infrastructure
Include full operation and maintenance costs
Millennium Project needs assessment tool is available
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Water supply and sanitation
4. Water resources infrastructure and management
5. Transport
6. Energy
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Case for water resources management and infrastructure as part of MDG strategy IWRM needed to manage increasingly scarce water
resources effectively (National Regional Local) Water storage is required to
– Mitigate impact of run-off variability to ensure perennial water supply
– Increase hydropower potential– Flood protection
No country has generated sustained economic growth without large-scale investments in water storage
Irrigation infrastructure required to– Increase yields and strengthen potential for cash crops– Mitigate impact of inter and intra seasonal precipitation
variability Use of climate forecasting
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Water Resources Infrastructure & Management - Interventions
Provision and maintenance of water storage and other infrastructure for water management (such as watershed management and water conservation, early warning systems, ground and surface storage systems, etc.)
Plans, systems and institutions for integrated water resources management, as appropriate.
Hydrological monitoring
Measures to address the social and environmental issues associated with large-scale water management infrastructure
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Water and sanitation-illustrative model
INSERT MODEL BUTTON HERE
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Thinking about Country Needs
Are there costed sectoral strategies? What interventions/coverage/target are relevant for
your country? How do these investments need to be scaled up? How to ensure that sectoral NA work is integrated into
national planning processes?
www.unmillenniumproject.org
Thinking about Country Needs
Who are the key stakeholders to be engaged to:–identify interventions, –set targets, –provide data–agree on unit costs, with review by technical experts
How to ensure that targets and interventions are monitored and evaluated periodically?
What institutional changes, if any, are needed?