Achievements of the SuperGen DoSH 2 Project John TS Irvine
Birmingham 18/10/11 xxxxation Title To Go Here Hydrogen Production
xxxxation Title To Go Here Current Hydrogen Production xxxxation
Title To Go Here Energy Devolution 12 Universities 5M 71 man-years
6 PhD Students and 500 researcher months WP1 H 2 from carbonaceous
sources Ian Metcalfe Combined reaction and separation using:
Membranes Periodic reactor operation chemical looping membrane
operation redox cycling H2OH2O H2H2 CO 2 CO ABO 3 ABO 3 - periodic
reduction/oxidation steps continuous process Advantages of both
processes: feed gases do not mix high purity H 2 possible no down
stream separation required CH 4 H2OH2O H 2 O O + H 2 H2H2 Syngas O
2- gas feeds and products separated in timegas feeds and products
separated in space hollow fibre membrane Perovskite oxygen carriers
for hydrogen production from two processes x-section CH 4 + H 2 O
CO + 3H 2 CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 water-gas-shiftsteam reforming of
methane Example results: Products as a function of time. Plotted
together are the products from the water- splitting side and the
methane oxidation side. Syngas and hydrogen are produced; overall
we have steam reforming. Continuous operation for over 400 hours is
the longest reported to date for this process. membrane operation
chemical looping CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2 CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2
Example results: Products as a function of cycle number. Plotted
are the products from the water- splitting phase. High purity
hydrogen is produced. We have done over 170 cycles, the most
reported to date. background levels of CO and CO o C 900 o C
Researchers in Manchester have developed a novel and promising
technology plasma- catalysis, for highly-efficient conversion of
methane (in the form of biogas or landfill gas) into hydrogen and
other value-added chemicals (carbon nanomaterials, oxygenates,
etc). This process combines the advantages of fast and low
temperature reaction from nonthermal plasma and high selectivity
from catalysis. The physical and chemical interactions between the
plasma and catalyst can generate a synergistic effect, which
provides a unique way to separate the activation steps from the
selective reactions at low temperatures. Plasma can also reduce and
activate supported metal catalysts, enhancing metal dispersion on
the catalyst surface and catalyst stability, which opens a new
route for catalyst treatment at low temperatures. Low Temperature
Plasma-Catalysis for Hydrogen Production from Methane Warwick
(Martin Wills) WP 1.1 (Formation of hydrogen from alcohols) work by
TCJ. Staff key: PDRA David Morris: DJM PhD Tarn Johnson: TCJ (iii)
Synthesis of di-iron complexes for electrochemical hydrogen
generation; subject of ongoing studies with Prof P. R. Unwin
(Warwick). (ii) Encapsulation of catalysts in a PIM membrane, and
is testing in hydrogen transfer; open to return to in future
(Cardiff/Warwick collaboration). Used in asymmetric reduction of
ketones: Catalysts below: Used in oxidation of alcohols (below):
(i) The application of iron-based cyclone catalysts to the
synthesis of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol from large alcohols
commonly found in biomass. and for alcohol formylation (right):
Warwick (Martin Wills) WP 1.1 (Formation of hydrogen from alcohols)
work by DJM. Formation of hydrogen from alcohols using
light-promoted process on inorganic support. Hydrogen gas
measurement by gas chromatography. Good progress has been made
towards a synthetic catalysis system, as shown below: DJM has now
left the HDel project to take up a position elsewhere; this work
will be continued when a second PDRA is appointed at Warwick. Staff
key: PDRA David Morris: DJM PhD Tarn Johnson: TCJ Amine-containing
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) Mariolino Carta, Neil B.
McKeown, Cardiff University (Chemistry). PIMs provide microporous
materials due to the rigid and contorted structure of the polymer.
We have found that Trgers base (TB) formation can be used as a
polymerisation reaction starting from an aromatic diamine. This is
a new way of making polymers (although the reaction was first
reported in 1887). Two patent applications submitted (15/09/11)and
now entering PCT phase. The above TB-PIM combines: High molecular
mass (M w >100,000 g mol -1 by GPC) Solubility in common
solvents (e.g. chloroform, THF) and good film formation. High
apparent surface area (BET = 1000 m 2 g -1 ) Particularly selective
for H 2 in mixture of H 2 /N 2 or H 2 /CH 4 (Note: data lie above
Robeson upper bound in plots of permeability vs selectivity) For
example: xxxxation Title To Go Here Hydrogen from Biomass and Waste
From Ethanol SUPERGEN DOSH 2 : Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen
xxxxation Title To Go Here Membranes and Separation Ceramic Metal
SUPERGEN DOSH 2 : Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen WP 2 H 2 from
electrons John Irvine Current-voltage (I-V) (2-electrode) 47% H 2 O
/ 53% N 2 | 900 C | Conditioning: V, 2-5 min | Start potential: V |
End potential: V | Scan rate: 10 mV s -1 B-site doping acted to
significantly lower the steam electrolysis onset potential
CompositionOnset potential (V) La 0.4 Sr 0.4 TiO La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Ni
0.06 Ti 0.94 O La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.06 Ti 0.94 O La 0.4 Sr 0.4 TiO 3
La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Ni 0.06 Ti 0.94 O 2.94 La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.06 Ti 0.94
O 2.97 Current-voltage (I-V) (2-electrode) 47% H 2 O / 53% N 2 |
900 C | Conditioning: V, 2-5 min | Start potential: V | End
potential: V | Scan rate: 10 mV s -1 B-site doping acted to
significantly lower the steam electrolysis onset potential
CompositionOnset potential (V) La 0.4 Sr 0.4 TiO La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Ni
0.06 Ti 0.94 O La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.06 Ti 0.94 O La 0.4 Sr 0.4 TiO 3
La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Ni 0.06 Ti 0.94 O 2.94 La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.06 Ti 0.94
O 2.97 xxxxation Title To Go Here V V V Polarization for CO 2
electrolysis at 900 o C Polarization resistance ( cm 2 ) CO 2 /CO
ratio Ni/YS Z LSCM/ GDC LSCM/ GDC-1% Ni GDC impregnated LSCM
0.5Pd-GDC co- impregnated LSCM 90/ / / xxxxation Title To Go Here
Electrolysis Liquifaction SUPERGEN DOSH 2 : Delivery of Sustainable
Hydrogen xxxxation Title To Go Here SUPERGEN DOSH 2 : Delivery of
Sustainable Hydrogen Ammonia Production Sociotechnical aspects WP 3
Sociotechnical economics Malcolm Eames ICEPT Techno-economic
analysis Overview of research outputs to date Demand analysis of H
2 as transport fuel Battery electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cells
and biofuels. Which will be the winner? Energy Environ. Sci., 2011,
4 (10), 3754 3772 An analysis of the market for H 2 fuel cell urban
buses, In preparation London case study H 2 from waste Assessing
the role of H 2 from waste in developing sustainable H 2
infrastructures: a London case study In preparation H 2 for energy
storage and UK-wide infrastructure The role of large scale storage
in a GB low carbon energy future: issues and policy challenges
Energy Policy 39 (2011) 48074815 H 2 from biomass: spatially
explicit modelling can improve infrastructure decision-making
Submitted to Int J Hydrogen Energy xxxxation Title To Go Here Key
Themes going forward Energy Storage to address intermittency
Hydrogen can extend use of renewable or even nuclear electricity
through storage. Excess power could be utilised for transport or
chemicals moving renewable electricity to equally important sectors
for CO 2 reduction, i.e. transport and chemicals. Hydrogen for
transport Hydrogen/fuel cell vehicles are a type of electric
transport closely linked with batteries. They offer range
extension, long distance vehicles and greater payload. This can
offer decentralised, largely self-contained energy systems with
enhanced security. Hydrogen in CO 2 Capture Converting hydrocarbons
to H 2 and CO 2 or rather than sequestering CO 2, hydrogen can be
utilised to capture CO 2 to produce chemical feedstocks,
fertilisers or liquid fuels. xxxxation Title To Go Here SUPERGEN
DOSH 2 : Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen
