Acharya Ppt

8/2/2019 Acharya Ppt

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WATER AVAILABILITY AND

WATER DEMAND

Indias geographical area is 329 million hect. which isonly 2.45% of total earth area supporting a population of

1027 million which is about 16% ofearths population.

Fresh water resources of India is 1869 billion cubic

metre.

Average Indian has only 1/6th of land and 1/4th of water,

as compared to world average.

Indias population is expected to stabilize around 2050

A.D at around 1640 million.

Existing per capita water availability from 1820 kilolitre

per person per year will drop to 900 kilolitre per person

per year.


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Precipitation is the only source of fresh water supply.

It is constant over last few centuries and will continue tobe so, for years to come (except few changes predictedin climate change study until 2050).

Precipitation is concentrated in India in most of the partsin a limited period of 2-3 months further accounting to80-90% of the total precipitation.

Monsoon precipitations are having large inequities in

time and space and thereby requiring additional effortsfor its optimum utilization.

The average monsoon precipitation is again having veryvast difference region wise creating huge imbalances inwater availability.

RESOURCES OF FRESH WATER

AVAILABILITY


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NECESSITIY OF INETLINKING

OF RIVER Large variation in precipitation over space and time is

resulting in frequent floods in some parts and severe

droughts in other areas at same time.

Floods are a recurring features in Brahmaputra, Ganga and

its associated sub-basins covering states of Assam, Bihar,

West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh.

Where as large area of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh,

Karnataka and Tamil Nadu faces recurring drought.

To support an expected population of 1640 million in 2050,

irrigation potential has to be increased to 160 million hect.against the assessed ultimate irrigation potential of 140

million hectares.

Proposed interlinking will create an additional potential of

25 million hect. from surface water and 10 million hect.

from additional ground water recharge.


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DROUGHT PRONE AREAS


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CONCEPT OF INTERLINKING

Interlinking of river is not a new concept for India, incontext to inequity in precipitation over space and time.

Some of the existing interlinking projects are Periyar-Vaigai, Ravi-Beas- Sutlej, Kurnool-Cuddapah, IndraGandhi Nahar, Narmada Main Canal, Teulgu-Gangaprojects.

Interlinking in India is basically aimed and executed forirrigation, domestic water supply, hydropower and to alesser extent for industries, navigation and other uses.

Interlinking projects are also executed in Canada, USA,China, Australia etc.

Garland scheme was also a concept of interlinking ofrivers.


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NATIONAL WATER POLICY

NPP was formulated in 1980 by M.O.W.R. with a viewto minimize the regional imbalances and optimally

utilize the limited water resources.

While formulating NPP reasonably needs of the parent

basin for the foreseeable future have been provided in it. National water policy of 2002 emphasizes the needs to

transfer water from surplus areas to deficit ones.

In water short areas, transfer of water from other areas

including transfer from one basin to other river basin. Inter basin water transfer is to be based on National

Perspective Plan after taking into account requirements

of the donor areas/ basins.


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MAINFEATURES OF THE

NPP Transfer of water will essentially by gravity and only

small reaches by lifts not exceeding 120.0m.

NPP will be comprising two components viz.Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.

Himalayan river envisages transfer of surplus flows of

eastern tributaries of Ganga& Brahmaputra rivers inIndia, Nepal, &Bhutan to west including linking toMahanadi.

Peninsular rivers envisages interlinking of the following:

i. Mahanadi-Godavari-Cauvery- Vaigai rivers

ii.West-flowing rivers, north of Bombay and south Tapi

iii.Ken-Chambal rivers

iv.Diversion of other west flowing rivers towardseastern side.


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INTERLINKING IN RIVERS

OF M.P. Under peninsular rivers interlinking concept, two

projects are proposed under NPP.

Ken- Betwa link.

Surplus water of Ken basin will be transferred to deficit

lower Betwa basin. Parbati-Kalisindh- Chambal link

Surplus water of three tributaries of river Chambal,Parvati-Newaj-Kali sindh will be transferred to deficitarea of upper Chambal.

Apart from NPP, number of other interlinking projectsare executed/under construction in state. Notably amongthem are Bargi diversion, Kolar water supply, Mandulift, Malwa lift, Indore water supply etc.


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FLOW DIAGRAM OF P.K.C

LINK


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CONSTITUTE OF P.K.C. LINK

PROJECT

Patanpura diversion dam on river Parwati to divert 464Mcm. to Mohanpura diversion dam through 55.37 Km

long canal including a tunnel of 6.6 Km.

Mohanpura diversion dam on river Newaj to divert 403

Mcm. to Kundaliya diversion dam through 73.17 Kmlong canal including two tunnels of 4.39 Km.

Kundaliya storage dam on river Kalisindh to store 1234

Mcm of water and to divert 493 Mcm. to G.S. dam/RPS

dam through three different possible The proposal will provide water transfer of 1360 Mcm.,

and enroute utilization of 594 Mcm and 676 Mcm

utilization in the parent/ donor basin.


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INDICATIVE MAP OF KEN-BETWA LINK


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CONSTITUTE OF KEN-BETWA

LINK PROJECT

Doudhan storage dam on river Ken is proposed 2.5 kmU/S of existing Gangou weir with a height of 73.80 Mand with a gross storage of 2775 Mcm to divert 1020Mcm. to Barua Sagar reservoir through 231.45 Km longcanal including a tunnel of 2.00 Km.

The transfer of water will include 659 Mcm to Betwa

river U/S of Parichha weir, 312 Mcm for enrouteirrigation and 11.75 Mcm for drinking water supply.

Construction of two power houses at toe of dam (3x20MW) and at the end of tunnel (2x6 MW). The toe powerhouse will be a pumped storage scheme using reversible

turbine during peak periods Irrigation of 1.27 lakh Ha. in Vidisha and Raisen

districts in lieu of transferred Ken water and 0.47 lakhshct. enroute irrigation in Panna and Chattarpur districtswill be possible by the project.


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