ACE: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVIEWDr. Heather Henrichs

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE CONCEPTSChapter 4 Huether Pathophysiology Text

Pages 98-117

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WATER MOVEMENT BETWEEN PLASMA & INTERSTITIAL FLUID:NET FILTRATION

Forces favoring filtration Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

Water-pushing Interstitial oncotic pressure

Water-pulling

Forces favoring reabsorption (oppose filtration) Capillary oncotic pressure

Water-pulling Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Water-pushing

WATER BALANCE

Regulated by ADH secretion Increased secretion:

Plasma osmolality increases Blood volume decreases

Thirst perception Located in hypothalamus Osmolality receptors

Signal posterior pituitary

Baroreceptors

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ELECTROLYTES

Sodium (Na+)

Potassium (K+)

Calcium (Ca+)

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ACID BASE CONCEPTS

Chapter 4 Huether Pathophysiology Text

Pages 98-117

PH• If the HIf the H++ ions are high in number: ions are high in number:

– pH is lowpH is low– AcidicAcidic

• If the HIf the H++ ions are low in number:ions are low in number:– pH is high pH is high – AlkalineAlkaline

• pH ScalepH Scale– Range from 0-14Range from 0-14

• 0= Acidic0= Acidic• 14= Alkaline14= Alkaline• Normal body range= 7.35-7.45Normal body range= 7.35-7.45

PH

• Acids are formed as end products of protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism

• To maintain the body’s normal pH (7.35-7.45) the H+ must be neutralized or excreted

• Major organs involved in the regulation of acid and base balance:– Bones– Lungs– Kidneys

CARBONIC ACID–BICARBONATE PAIR H+ + HCO3

- H2CO3 CO2 + H2O Lungs (Respiratory) regulate release CO2

Kidneys (Metabolic) regulate release HCO3-

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