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VoLTE
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www.accuver.com
Presented to:
Preamble
2
Thorough performance analysis What is possible
• Voice Quality/MOS (POLQA)
• SIP protocol based analysis : setup related performance
• RTP/RTCP protocol based analysis : throughput, jitter, delay, packet loss, etc.
• KPI reports – drop, setup failure, etc.
• LTE Metrics, RRC/NAS protocol messages in parallel
LTE
TCP/IP
SIP RTP/RTCP
Codec
TCP/IP
SIP RTP/RTCP
Codec
VoLTE Solutions
3
Accuver VoLTE solutions
XCAL-Mobile XCAL-Solo XCAL-MPm XCAL-S+ XCAL-M
Handheld Yes Yes No No No
Voice MOS (POLQA) DL/UL DL/UL DL/UL DL/UL No
SIP Analysis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
RTP/RTCP Analysis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
RRC/NAS/LTE PHY Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
User Interface Phone GUI Phone GUI PC PC PC
XCAL-M License Required
No No Yes Yes Yes
Number of Phone 1 1 4 2 (two S+ required)
4
VoLTE Solutions
4
Accuver VoLTE solutions
VoLTE Solutions
XCAL-Mobile
• VoLTE ready
• Smartphone based measurement solution
• Runs on Android (Galaxy S2,3,4, HTC One XL, etc.)
• Supports GSM/ GPRS/EDGE/ WCDMA/ HSDPA/ HSUPA/ HSPA+/DC-HSDPA/LTE and WiFi
• Auto call feature for VoLTE, Youtube, iPerf, etc.
• Indoor measurement
5
Accuver VoLTE solutions
VoLTE Solutions
XCAL-Solo
• VoLTE ready
• Smartphone provides user interface
• A micro PC with CPU, OS, phone driver installed, SD memory, Sound card, Bluetooth and WiFi with Battery.
• XCAL-Solo software on the device interfaces with Smartphone to take LTE, VoLTE traces
6
Accuver VoLTE solutions
VoLTE Solutions
XCAL-MPm
• VoLTE ready
• Connected to PC with XCAL-M installed
• 4 UE interface with 4 sound cards embedded -> 4 simultaneous MOS (POLQA) measurement configurable
• External power supply required to XCAL-MPm hardware
• Existing XCAL-M license can be used as it is with no additional upgrade cost
• Call control through Bluetooth available
7
Accuver VoLTE solutions
VoLTE Solutions
XCAL-S+
• VoLTE ready
• Connected to PC with XCAL-M installed
• One UE interface with one sound card embedded
• Two XCAL-S+ can be connected to one XCAL-M license -> two MOS (POLQA) measurement configurable
• Existing XCAL-M license can be used as it is with no additional upgrade cost
USB to Phone &
Audio Jack
8
Accuver VoLTE solutions
VoLTE Solutions
XCAL-M
• VoLTE ready
• RTP/SIP full analysis available
• Suitable for typical VoLTE performance measurement where no voice MOS (POLQA) is required
• Four VoLTE calls can be traced at the same time
• Call control through ADB interface
RTP Analysis
9
RTP Metrics Available Metrics
• Packet Loss : The number of lost packets.
• RTP Throughput
• Delay : Interval between received RTP packets
• Delta Delay : Average Trend of dynamic change of Delay of RTP Packet
• Jitter Delay : Jitter on Packet Delay
• One Way Delay : Time Delay from Sender part to Receiver Part
• RTP Packet Count : Total Packet count received.
• Round Trip Time : Round Trip Time of sender packet
• R-Factor : An Audio Quality based on VoIP (VoLTE) Packet.
• MOS mapped based on R-Factor : Conversion Value of R-Factor on General PESQ MOS Mapping Table.
VoLTE Solutions
10
Voice MOS (POLQA) measurement
Ethernet
ICG (Internet Call Generator)
• Compatible with IMS
• Sends audio samples
• Calculates uplink MOS and other POLQA measurements
XCAL-Mobile,Solo,S+,MPm
• Sends audio samples
• Calculates downlink MOS and other POLQA measurements
EUTRAN/IMS
XCAL-Mobile, Solo, S+, MPm
• Sends audio samples
• Calculates downlink MOS and other POLQA measurements
• POLQA is ITU-T.863 recommended voice MOS algorithm
• Calculates voice objective MOS values by comparing received audio waves with the reference waves
VoLTE Solutions
11
VoLTE Call Flow & Event Definition
VoLTE Call Flow
VoLTE Call Event Definition
SIP Status Code
VoLTE Event – RTP Drop
VoLTE Call Flow & Event Definition
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UE(MO) EUTRAN / IMS UE(MT)
Paging
Rrc Connection Reqeust
Rrc Connection setup
Rrc connection setup complete
Security Mode Command
Security Mode Complete
INVITE
Rrc connection reconfiguration
Rrc connection reconfig. comp
100 Trying
Service request
Idle start Idle start
Setup start
Call start
Dialing Start
VoLTE Call Flow
VoLTE Call Flow : Outgoing Call (MO)
13
UE(MO) EUTRAN / IMS UE(MT)
Paging
Rrc Connection Reqeust
Rrc Connection setup
Rrc connection setup complete
Security Mode Command
Security Mode Complete
Rrc Connection reconfiguration
Rrc Connection reconfig. comp
Service request
INVITE
180 Ring
180 Ring
Setup start
Send Pick up
VoLTE Call Flow
VoLTE Call Flow : Incoming Call (MT)
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UE(MO) EUTRAN / IMS UE(MT)
200 OK
200 OK for INVITE
ACK
Rrc Connection reconfig. Comp.
Rrc Connection reconfig.
Dedicated bearer context req(QCI1)
Dedicated bearer context accept
Ulinformation Transfer
ACK
RTP(Voice or Video)
Rrc Connection reconfig. Comp.
Rrc Connection reconfig.
Dedicated bearer context req(QCI1)
Dedicated bearer context accept
Ulinformation Transfer
Traffic start
Pick Up
VoLTE Call Flow
VoLTE Call Flow : Answer (MO/MT)
15
UE(MO) EUTRAN / IMS UE(MT)
200 OK
200 OK for INVITE
ACK
Rrc Connection reconfig. Comp.
Rrc Connection reconfig.
Dedicated bearer context req(QCI1)
Dedicated bearer context accept
Ulinformation Transfer
ACK
RTP(Voice or Video)
Rrc Connection reconfig. Comp.
Rrc Connection reconfig.
Dedicated bearer context req(QCI1)
Dedicated bearer context accept
Ulinformation Transfer
Traffic start
Pick Up
BYE BYE
200 OK 200 OK
VoLTE Call Flow
VoLTE Call Flow : Answer (MO/MT)
16
VoLTE Events Notes
1 Idle No ‘Rx INVITE’ from MT
2 Error
Dial error • MO : When Request URI of Tx INVITE is different from MIN • MT : When Tx INVITE exists after Rx INVITE
Setup MO : no Tx INVITE even though SEND was sent
No Traffic MT : no Tx 200 OK even though SEND was sent after 180 RING
3 Setup fail – timeout Not the cases above but Setup timer is expired : SIM Resppomse code shall be indicated (4##, 6##)
4 Call Drop
When there are no Rx IP Packets during the Dormant time duration after the following L3/NAS messages LTE- RRC Connection Reestablishment Request LTE- RRC Connection Reestablishment Reject LTE- RRC Connection Reject LTE- EPS MM Tracking area update reject LTE- EPS MM Authentication reject LTE- EPS MM Authentication failure LTE- EPS MM Security mode reject LTE- EPS SM Reject
5 RTP Drop – BYE BYE Method occurs during Traffic status
6 RTP Drop – Time out No Rx RTP Packets during the predefined time duration
VoLTE Call Events
VoLTE Call Events
17
Six Classes of SIP Status-Codes <Picked major status codes only below>
1xx (Informational)
180 Ringing 183 Progress
2xx (Success) 200 OK – requested successful
3xx (Redirection) 302 Moved Temporarily – location update of the user
4xx (Client Error) 400 Bad Request - wrong Syntax indicator 401 Unauthorized – user authentication indicator 480 Temporarily not available 486 Busy Here
5xx (Server Error) 500 Internal Server Error 501 Not Implemented
6xx (Global Failure) 603 Decline 606 Not Acceptable
VoLTE Call Flow & Event Definition
SIP Status Codes
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Reason Table
• RTP Drop – BYE : BYE Method occurs during the traffic status
• RTP Drop – Time out : Rx RTP does not exist during the traffic status
• Call Drop – Air interface Drop
VoLTE Call Flow & Event Definition
RTP Drop & Air Drop
XCAP-M indicates the Reason codes
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VoLTE Call Statistics
SIP Column
SIP Setup Time Examples
Sig setup time Examples
RTP Analysis Examples
HO DATA Interruption Time
VoLTE Call Statistics
20
SIP Analysis Columns
• SIP Setup Time(Invite)
• SIP Setup Time(100Trying)
• SIP Setup Time(180Ringing)
• SIP Setup Time(200OK)
• SIP Setup Time(1st Rx Packet)
• LTE RRC Setup Time
• LTE QoS Setup Time
• Paging Ind(LTE)
• LTE QoS Setup Try Ind(LTE)
• IP Address
VoLTE Call Statistics
VoLTE/VT LTE Call Statistics – SIP Analysis Columns
XCAP-M gives SIP Analysis result for each call
21
SIP Setup Time MO MT
SIP Setup Time(Invite) x Paging ~ Invite
SIP Setup Time(100Trying) Invite ~ 100Trying Paging ~ 100Trying
SIP Setup Time(180Ringing) Invite ~ 180Ringing(Real) Paging ~ 180Ringing(Real)
SIP Setup Time(Virtual 180Ringing) Invite ~ 180Ringing(Virtual) x
SIP Setup Time(200OK) Invite ~ 200OK Paging ~ 200OK
SIP Setup Time(1st Rx Packet) Invite ~ Traffic Start Paging ~ Traffic Start
LTE RRC Setup Time rrcConnectionRequest ~ rrcConnectionReconfigurationComplete
LTE QoS Setup Time
QCI 1,2(8) setup time (VoLTE is for QCI 1) rrc connectionReconfiguration ~ Ul information Transfer NAS Message(Activqte dedicated EPS bearer context request ~ Activqte dedicated EPS bearer context accept)
Paging Ind(LTE) Indication information for its own Paging in case of MT
LTE QoS Setup Try Ind(LTE) Indication for LTE QoS Setup attempt
IP AddresIs IP address of SIP Connecting (its own)
VoLTE Call Statistics
SIP Setup Times
22
RTP Columns
• Audio Packet Loss(Tx/Rx)
• Video Packet Loss(Tx/Rx)
• Audio Delta Delay
• Video Delta Delay
• Audio Jitter
• Video Jitter
• Audio One Way Delay(Min/Max/Avg)
VoLTE Call Statistics
VoLTE/VT LTE Call Statistics – RTP Columns
• Video One Way Delay(Min/Max/Avg)
• HO Data Interruption Time(Tx/Rx Audio)(Min/Max/Avg)
• HO Data Interruption Time(Tx/Rx Video)(Min/Max/Avg)
• HO Audio Packet Loss(Rx)
• HO Video Packet Loss(Rx)
• Intra eNB HO Data Interruption Time(Tx/Rx Audio)(Min/Max/Avg)
XCAP-M gives RTP Analysis result for each call
23
Packet Loss (Tx/Rx)
• Percentage of Packet Loss during the traffic time
• Packet Loss = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠
Delay (ms)
• D(i, j) = (Rj – Ri) – (Sj – Si) = (Rj – Sj) – (Ri – Si)
Delta Delay (ms)
• Delta Delay(t) = Delay(t) – Delay(t-1)
Audio/Video Jitter
• J = J + ( |D(i-1, i)| - J ) / 16
VoLTE Call Statistics
VoLTE/VT LTE Call Statistics – RTP Columns
Sent regularly
Received irregularly
24
HO Data Interruption Time (Tx/Rx)
Time difference between the packets before and after the handover. The detail algorithm to take this metrics is explained in the next page.
VoLTE Call Statistics
VoLTE/VT LTE Call Statistics – RTP Column
25
VoLTE Call Statistics
HO Data Interruption Time (Tx/Rx)
Intra LTE-HO Attempt
+ - 500ms
RTP HO Data Interruption Time Algorithm
V
Takes maximum time difference between RTP packets within the time window (currently 500ms before and after) centered on the RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request message (Handover attempt)
26
RTP Analysis
HO DATA Interruption Time & Pack Loss
HO Audio/Video Packet Loss
Packet Loss
Throughput
Delay & Delta Delay
RTT & One Way Delay
RTP Analysis
27
• Displays RTP HO Data Interruption Time for each Hand Over Event
• Supports both Tx and Rx HO data interruption time.
RTP Analysis
RTP – HO Data Interruption time
28
RTP Delay(ms) : average RTP Packet delay (ms)
D(i, j) = (Rj – Ri) – (Sj – Si) = (Rj – Sj) – (Ri – Si)
S(j) S(i)
Time = Timestamp / 16000
RTP Analysis
RTP - Delay
29
Delta Delay(ms)
• Average of RTP Packet Delay variations
• Delta Delay(t) = Delay(t) – Delay(t-1)
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
RTP1
RTP2
RTP3
RTP4
RTP5
Same duration
Various delays
Jitter(ms)
• Distribution of RTP Packet Delays
• J = J(i-1) + ( |Delay(i)| - J(i-1) ) / 16
RTP Analysis
RTP – Delta Delay & Jitter
30
RTT One Way Delay
• Defines based in SR (Sender Report) and RR (Receiver Report) in RTCP
• RTT = TS2 – TS1 – DLSR
• Assumes one way delay as RTT/2
• RTCP occurs every 3 seconds so compensates based on Delta Delay
RTP Analysis
RTP One Way Delay
31
VoLTE Event Analysis
RTP Drop – Time out
RTP Drop – BYE
Bluetooth Call - Setup Fail
Bluetooth Call - Drop
Success - CBQ
VoLTE Event Analysis
32
No Rx Packets for 10 seconds
Setup Success
VoLTE Event Analysis
RTP Drop – Time Out
33
Setup Success
BYE occurs in SIP Packet
VoLTE Event Analysis
RTP Drop - BYE
34
HO Point
no wave
RTP Drop - BYE