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Accounting Standards for Private Enterprises and Not-for-Profits
September 23, 2015
Leanne Mongiat CPA, CA – Partner
Jan Kundakci CPA, CA – Manager
Christina Ajith CPA, CA- Manager
Amna Fiaz – Staff Accountant
Although the presentation and related materials have been carefully prepared, neither the presentation authors, firm, nor any persons involved in the preparation and/or instruction of the materials accepts any legal responsibility for its contents or for any consequences arising from its use.
New developments ASPE refresher NPO refresher
Website - Financial Reporting & Assurance Standards – Canada
www.frascanada.ca
Agriculture – discussion paper to be issued in Q4 ◦ when should a biological asset be recognized◦ how it should be measured on initial
recognition◦ how it should be measured in subsequent
periods◦ how agricultural produce at the point of
harvest should be accounted for◦ what disclosures should be required
Redeemable Preferred Shares Issued in a Tax planning Arrangement – deliberating on comments ◦ There are many inconsistencies with current
standards being used◦ The scope of the project was more than an annual
improvement to an existing standard thus a major project was undertaken
Accounting for subsidiaries and investments –exposure draft being developed (Q3)◦ Section 1582, Business Combinations, Should this section apply when a private enterprise
chooses to account for its subsidiaries using the cost or the equity methods of accounting under Section 1591.
Fair Value Measurement
Financial Statement Concepts
A Statement of Principles was released
Deliberating comments received on Statement of Principles
Review standards in 4400 series (Part III) Goal is to better meet users’ needs and to
provide a recommendation of improvements to the accounting standards
Next steps are still to be determined but some project proposals have been approved.
Areas to be covered:
Subsequent events Cut-off Inventory costing Accounting for event costs Foreign exchange Preferred share classification
This section establishes recognition and disclosure standards for events subsequent to the financial statement date
In general, there are two types of subsequent events: those that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the financial statement date; and
those that are indicative of conditions that arose subsequent to the financial statement date.
For events that did not exist at the date of the financial statements, the statements may require disclosure if: cause significant changes to assets or liabilities in the subsequent period; or
will, or may, have a significant effect on the future operations of the enterprise.
Examples of these types of events may only require disclosure are: an event such as a fire or flood that results in
a loss a decline in the market value of investments; purchase of a business commencement of litigation when the cause
of action arose subsequent to the date of the financial statements
the issue of capital stock or long-term debt
Disclosure at a minimum, shall include: a description of the nature of the event; and
an estimate of the financial effect, when practicable, or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made.
Refers to the period between the financial statement date, and a date determined by management to ensure all transactions are recorded in the correct accounting period.
Per Section 3031.11:“The cost of inventories shall comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.”
Costs of purchase should include:
Purchase price Import duties and other non-recoverable
taxes Transport Handling costs Any other costs directly attributable to the
acquisition of the finished goods
Cost of conversion must include the following:
Costs directly attributable to the units of production, such as direct labour
A systematic allocation of fixed and variable production overheads incurred in converting the material into finished goods. Some examples are: Amortization Maintenance of building and equipment Cost of factory management and administration
Should the following costs be included or excluded from inventory?
Storage costs Office admin costs Cost of wasted materials Selling costs
Types of events typically held:
Seminar, webinar, etc. Gala, golf tournament, etc. Conference, trade show Award ceremony Meeting, business dinner Product launch
Typical event costs include:
Venue Event specific promotional material Event specific advertising Speakers/entertainment Event management
What section of handbook applies to event costs incurred in a period before the event is held?
Prepaids which are …◦ Intangible assets (s.3064 of Part II of the HB)
Criteria to be recognized as prepaid (intangible asset) Identifiable Control over the resources/future economic benefits Existence of future economic benefits Cost of asset can be measured reliably
If any of these criteria are NOT MET, the items MUST be expensed when incurred!
Identifiable
Definition – separable OR arises from contractual/other legal rights
How this applies to event costs◦ Event specific vs general promotional
materials/advertising?
Control
Definition – power to ◦ Obtain future economic benefits from underlying
resource◦ Restrict access of others to those future economic
benefits
How this applies to event costs◦ Does the organization get to keep event proceeds?
Existence of Future Economic Benefits
Probability should be assessed by management
How this applies to event costs◦ Will the event’s revenue exceed expenses?
Example - question
Scenario 1 – Gala to be held in fiscal 2016. $100k of gala specific costs have been incurred and $70k of gala revenues collected in fiscal 2015.◦ Both fiscal 2014 and 2015 galas have resulted in
revenues exceeding expenses of approximately $10k each year◦ Only one organization hosting the event
Example - analysis
Factors to consider◦ Identifiable –all costs are gala specific...MET◦ Control –organization alone is hosting the event and
is retaining the proceeds...MET◦ Future economic benefits - history of excess of
revenue over expenses indicates that event will result in future economic benefits...MET◦ Cost can be measured reliably – assuming that there
are supporting invoices...MET
Example - answer
Defer the entire $100k until fiscal 2016
Example - question
Scenario 2 – Gala to be held in fiscal 2016. $100k of gala specific costs have been incurred and $70k of gala revenues collected in fiscal 2015.◦ Both fiscal 2014 and 2015 galas have resulted in
expenses exceeding revenues of approximately $10k each year◦ Only one organization hosting the event
Example - analysis
Factors to consider◦ Identifiable –all costs are gala specific...MET◦ Control – assume that the organization alone is hosting
the event and is retaining the proceeds...MET◦ Future economic benefits - History of excess of
expenses over revenues indicates that event may not result in future economic benefits over the $70k of revenues...NOT MET COMPLETELY
◦ Cost can be measured reliably – assuming there are supporting invoices...MET
Example - answer
Defer a portion of the costs (up to $70k) until fiscal 2016 and expense the remainder in fiscal 2015 as a period cost
Two ways foreign exchange (FX) gain or loss can result:◦ Foreign currency transactions ◦ Foreign operation
Temporal Method: the method used to convertforeign currency transactions. Gains and losses are included in net income for the current period.
Temporal Method Monetary vs. Non Monetary Items◦ Money or claims to money (AR, cash, AP, etc.) vs.
other than claims to money (equipment, inventory)◦ Consider whether there is a right to receive a fixed
or determinable amount of money Monetary Items: translated at exchange rate
in effect at the balance sheet date Non Monetary items: translated at historical
exchange rates, unless they are carried at market (if so use B/S date exchange rate)
Revenue and expense items: translated at the exchange rate in effect on the dates they occur
Depreciation/amortization: translated at the same rate as the asset to which it relates
Conversion occurs both at the financial statement date and settlement date, using the above rules
Presentation in the FS Two options◦ Record the gain/loss from foreign exchange as a
separate line item on the income statementOR◦ If not included as a separate line item, disclose in
the notes the line in which the gain/loss is included, along with the amount
Current standard (section 3856.23): ◦ Redeemable preferred shares issued in a tax
planning arrangement such as (s. 51, 85, 85.1, 86, 87, or 88) be reported under the equity section as a separate line.
Nature of the shares: ◦ Meet the definition of a liability as they are a
contractual obligation to deliver cash to the holder of the shares
Initial intended purpose of the section was to provide relief for estate freezes
Proposed change per exposure draft: to eliminate the section entirely and thus restate as a liability
Implications of proposed change◦ Retrospective adjustment per ASPE◦ Confusion to users
Most recent decision: status quo, if any change does occur, it will not be in effect any time before January 1, 2018.
Fund accounting comprises ◦ the collective accounting procedures resulting in a
self-balancing set of accounts for each fund established by legal, contractual or voluntary actions of an organization◦ Elements of a fund can include assets, liabilities,
net assets, revenues and expenses (and gains and losses, where appropriate)◦ Fund accounting involves an accounting
segregation, although not necessarily a physical segregation, of resources
What is a contribution?
Three types of contributions:◦ Restricted ◦ Endowment◦ Unrestricted
How to account for contributions?
◦ Deferral method
◦ Restricted fund method
Deferral method◦ General contributions – recognized in the period◦ Restricted contributions – deferred until the related
expense is incurred
Restricted fund method◦ Reports a general fund◦ Reports 1 or more restricted funds◦ May report an endowment fund ◦ Contributions are recognized into the applicable
funds in the period earned◦ If there is no appropriate restricted fund, an
external restricted contribution is deferred in the general fund until expense is incurred
How to determine if an “external” restriction exists?
This is key as different accounting principles apply for internal vs. external stipulations
Most externally imposed restrictions will be explicitly stated by the contributor
Implicit stipulation- may be clear from the purpose for which the amount was solicited
Example Externally restricted
Deferral treatment
Restricted fund treatment
1) Donor gives a donation for education purpose
Yes Defer until education expense is incurred
- if education funds exist recognize in period
- If no fund defer in general fund
2) Flyer is mailed by NPO that requests a donation for building construction purposes
Yes Defer until building is in use
- If capital asset fund exists recognize in capital asset fund
- If no capital asset fund defer in general fund until building is in use
Example Externally restricted
Deferral treatment
Restricted fund treatment
3) A run is held for the 1st time by an NPO and the purpose of the contributions is posted on the website prior to run
Yes - Same as #1 above
- Same as #1 above
4) A run is held for the 1st time by an NPO and the purpose of the contributions is posted on the website only after to run
No - Recognize in current period
- Recognize in current period in general fund
Example Externally restricted
Deferral treatment
Restricted fund treatment
5) An NPO (y-e Dec 31) receives a government grant for the period from June 1 to May 31
Yes - Same as # 1 above
- Same as # 1 above
- Same as # 1 above
- Same as # 1 above
Yes6) An NPO (y-e Dec 31) receives a government grant for funding employment services
Background/history
◦ Condominium Corporations are created by and governed by the Condo Act
◦ Condo Act (s.66) states that financial statements should be prepared in accordance with CPA Canada HB, Part III (for NPOs)
Background/history
◦ Who are the important parties in a condo? Board of directors Owners Property management Other external parties – potential purchasers, auditors,
lawyers, engineers
Condo specific accounting
◦ Fund accounting & contributions Reserve fund
◦ Banking and investments
◦ Receivables from owners
Condo specific accounting
◦ Capitalization Real property directly associated with units Real property not directly associated with units Common personal property
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