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Accounting for Diversity:
Policy Design and Māori Development in
New Zealand
Dena Ringold
Ian Axford Fellowship Forum
UMBC
January 18, 2006
Two Decades of Māori Development
• Notable gains in employment and education– Particularly early childhood (88%) and tertiary; – Record low unemployment (8%).
• Poverty coming down, health status improving.
• However, still gaps in health, education– 30% graduate without qualifications; life expectancy
gap 8-9 years.
• Indications of growing inequality, diversity of outcomes.– PISA education results show wider range for Māori
than between Māori and non-Māori.
Tailoring Services to Māori: What has been done?
• Expanding Māori participation and ownership of services– Involvement in delivery and governance.– Māori medium education; Māori health providers.
• Devolving service delivery– Increase in Māori and iwi providers.
• Strengthening outreach – Emphasis on information, communications, language.
• Investing in culture– Holistic and whanau-based approaches.
• Increasing choice for all population groups.
Lessons Beyond NZ• Alternative services have influenced mainstream
provision – Coverage is small (80-90% in mainstream services), influence
is farther reaching;– Demonstration effect; examples of how to do things differently;
build confidence and capacity.– But mainstream services cannot be let off of the hook.
• Capacity-building is needed to make institutions work.– E.g. governance arrangements.
• Good data can influence policy-design.– Data for “Closing the Gaps” led to policy initiatives.– Improvements to ethnic data collection.
More Lessons Beyond NZ• Investing in culture can improve
outcomes.
• Political economy issues need managing.– Better information on spending, eligibility criteria,
rationales for policy, and success stories.
• Equity requires monitoring.– Due to increasing internal diversity of the population and
diversification of providers.
• Emphasis on quality, access is not enough.