ACCONTING CANEDIAN UNIVERSTY.pptx

7/27/2019 ACCONTING CANEDIAN UNIVERSTY.pptx

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Objective 1:Define Accounting Vocabulary: Accounting isthe language ofbusiness.

Accounting is the information system that: ** measures business activity,

** processes the data into reports, ** communicates the results to decision makers, and

**Presents information in monetary terms.

A key product of accounting is a set of reports calledfinancial statements.

Objective 2: Define The Users of FinancialInformation:

Accounting can be divided into two fields:


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(A) Financial Accounting: Financial accounting provides information for external

decision makers,such as:

**Investors.

**Creditors.

**Taxing Authorities.

**Customers.

**Suppliers.

(B) Managerial Accounting: Managerial accounting provides information for internal

decision makers,such as:

**Managers.

**Business owners.


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Objective 3: Identify the different Types of Business

Organizations:

A business organization can be organized as oneof the following:

(a)Proprietorship.

(b)Partnership. (c)Corporation.

(d) Limited-liability partnership (LLP) and limited-liability company (LLC).

(e)Not-for-profit.

(A) Proprietorships:

A proprietorship has a single owner, called aproprietor,who often manages the business.


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(B) Partnerships: A partnership has two or more owners called partners.

(c) Corporations:

A corporation

is a business owned by stockholders, orshareholders. Stock is a certificate representing ownership interest in a

corporation.

(D) Limited-Liability Partnerships (LLPs) andLimited-Liability Companies (LLCs):

In a limited-liability partnership, each member/partner isliable (obligated) only for his or her own actions and thoseunder his or her control.


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In a limited-liability company, the business -and not themember of the LLC- is liable for the companysdebts.

(E) Not-for-Profits:

A not-for-profit has no owners.


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-Comparison of Business FormsProprietorship Partner-

ship

Corporation LLP/LLC Not-for-profit

1- Owners

2- Life of theorganization

- Personalliability ofowners forthebusinesssdebts

*Proprietor:only one

owner

Limited bythe ownerschoice ordeath

*Proprietor:Owner ispersonallyliable

Partners:Two or more

owners

*Limited bythe ownerschoice, ordeath

Partners arepersonallyliable

*Stockholdersgenerally

many owners

Indefinite

Stockholdersnotpersonallyliable

*members

Indefinite

* Membersare notpersonallyliable

None.

Indefinite

* Fiduciaryliability ofboardmembers


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Objective 4: Describe the Accounting Equation,

and define Assets, Liabilities, and Equity: The basic tool of accounting is the accounting equation. It measures the resources of a business and the claims to those

resources. It takes the following form:

Assets= Liabilities + Equity Assets: Assets are economic resources that are expected to benefit the

business in the future. Assets are something the business ownsthat has value.

Examples of assets include: Cash. Merchandise inventory. Furniture. Land.


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Liabilities:

Liabilities are claims to economic resources (Assets).

Liabilities are debts payable to outsiders who are known ascreditors.

Liabilities are something the business owes.

Examples: Accounts payable.

Notes payable.

Bank loans.

Salaries payable. Equity: The ownersclaims to the assets of the business are called equity.

Equity equals what is owned (assets) minus what is owed(liabilities).


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For a proprietorship, the accounting equation can bewritten as:

Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity

Assets = Liabilities + Capital

Capital is the net amount invested in the business by theowner.

Capital contains the amount earned by income-producingactivities and kept (retained ) for use in the business.

Two types of events that affect capital are:


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(1) Revenues:

Revenues are increasesin capital.

Revenues earned by delivering goods or services to customers.

Types of revenue are the following:

Sales revenue.

Service revenue.

Interest revenue.

Dividends revenue.

(B) Expenses:

Expenses are the decreasesin capital that result from operations.


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Some common expenses are:

Rent expense.

Salary expense for employees.

Advertising expense. Utilities expense for water, electricity, and gas.

Interest expense.

Property tax expense.

When revenues exceed expenses, the result is a profit ornet income.

When expenses exceed revenues, the result is anet loss.


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* A third type of transaction that affects capital is thedistributionof cash or other assets to the owner.

Drawings are distributions of capital (usually of cash) toowners.

Components of capital.

Beginning Capital

Owner Investments

(Plus) Net Income(Or minus Net loss)

EqualsEnding Capital

(Minus) Drawings


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Objective 5:Use the Accounting Equation to AnalyzeTransactions:

Transaction :

A transaction is an event that affects the financial positionof the business.

Can be measured reliably. Every transaction impacts at least two items.

The accounting equation balances before and after eachtransaction.


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Transaction 1: Starting the Business:

Example: Ahmed started a new business as a proprietorship named

El-Salam Company for Advertising Services. In Jan.1,2013 Ahmed deposited L.E. 450,000 in ABC Bank by thename of the business.

Required:

Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effectson the accounting equation.


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Solution: Owners Type of

Assets = Liabilities + Equity Transaction

Cash = Ahmed, Capital

(1) ( + ) 450,000 -0- (+) 450,000 Owner investment

Note the following:(1) For each transaction , the amount on the leftside of the equation

must equal the amount on therightside.(2) This transaction increasesboth:(a) The assets (cash).(b) The owners equity( Ahmed, Capital).


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Transaction 2: Purchase of land:

Example: In Jan.10, 2013 El-Salam Company purchased land for L.E.

150,000 paid in cash.

Required:

Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of itseffects on the accounting equation.


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Solution: Owners Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Cash + Land Ahmed, Capital

(1) 450,000 -0- = -0- 450,000(2) ( - ) 150,000 (+ ) 150,000 _______Bal. 300,000 150,000 450,000 ------------------------------ ------------

450,000 450,000


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Note the following:The purchase of land:

(1)Increases one asset, (Land).

(2) Decreases another asset(Cash).

Transaction 3: Purchase of Office Supplies: Example:

In Jan 15, El-Salam Company purchased office supplies forL.E. 5,000 on account from Cairo Company. The Companywill use the supplies in the future.

Required:

Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effect on theaccounting equation.


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Solution:Owners

Assets = Liabilities + Equity Office Accounts Ahmed Cash + Supplies + Land Payable + Capital

Bal. 300,000 -0- 150,000 = 450,000(3) ____ (+) 5,000 _______ (+) 5,000 _______Bal. 300,000 5,000 150,000 5,000 450,000 --------------------------------------------- -------------------------------

455,000 455,000

Note the following:(1) Office supplies is an asset, not an expense, because the supplies

arentused up now, but will be in the future.(2)The liability created by purchasing onaccount is anAccounts

Payable, which is a short-term liability that will paid in the future.


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Transaction 4: Earning of Service Revenue:

Example:

In Jan. 20, El-Salam Company, provided advertisingservices to XYZ Company for L.E. 25,000 and

collected this amount in cash. Required:

Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effect onthe accounting equation.


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_ Assets = Liabilities + Equity Transaction Office Accounts Ahmed Cash + Supplies + Land Payable + Capital

Bal. 300,000 5,000 150,000 = 5,000 450,000(4) (+) 25,000 _____ ______ _____ (+) 25,000 Service RevenueBal. 325,000 5,000 150,000 5,000 475,000

______________________ __________________

480,000 480,000

Note the following:This revenue transaction increasesboth:(1)Assets(Cash).(2) Owners equity(Ahmed, Capital).


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Transaction 5: Earning of Service Revenue onAccount:

Example:

In Jan. 25, El-Salam Company, provided advertising servicesto ABC Company for L.E. 50,000 on account.

Required: Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effect on

the accounting equation.


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Assets = Liabilities Equity Transaction

Accounts Office Accounts Ahmed

Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Land Payable + Capital

Bal. 325,000 -0- 5,000 150,000 = 5,000 475,000(5) _______ ( +) 50,000 _______ _______ _______ (+ ) 50,000 Service Revenue.

Bal. 325,000 50,000 5,000 150,000 5,000 525,000----------------------------------------------------------------- --- -----------------------------

530,000 530,000

Note the following:

This revenue transaction increasesboth:(1) Assets(Accounts receivable).

(2) Owners equity(Ahmed, Capital).


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Transaction 6: Payment of Expenses:

Example:

In Jan. 30, El-Salam Company paid the following expensesin cash:

Rent L.E. 2,000, Salaries L.E. 5,000, and Utilities L . E.3,000

Required:



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Solution:

Owners Type Assets = Liabilities + Equity Transaction

Accounts Office Accounts Ahmed Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Land = Payable + CapitalBal. 325,000 50,000 5,000 150,000 5,000 525,000

(6) ( -) 2,000 (-) 2,000 Rent Expense

(6) ( -) 5,000 = (-) 5,000 Salaries Exp.

(6) (-) 3,000 ______ _______ _______ ______ (-) 3,000 Utilities Exp.Bal. 315,000 50,000 5,000 150,000 5,000 515,000

------------------------------------------------ --------------------

520,000 520,000


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Note the following: Cash expenses decreases:

(1)assets (Cash).

(2)Owners equity (Ahmed, Capital).Transaction 7: Payment on Account:Example:

In Feb. 5, El-Salam Company paid L.E. 3,000 to Cairo Company forpurchased office supplies in transaction (3).

Required: Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effect on the

accounting equation.


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Owners

Assets _______ = Liabilities Equity Accounts Office Accounts Ahmed,

Cash + Receivable Supplies + Land Payable + Capital

Bal 315,000 50,0000 5,000 150,000 = 5,000 515,000(7) (-) 3,000 _______ _____ _______ (-) 3,000 _______Bal. 312,000 50,000 5,000 150,000 2,000 515,000

-------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------

517,000 517,000Note the following:(1) The payment of cash on account has no effect on office supplies.(2) It decreases assets (cash), and decreases liabilities (Accounts

Payable)


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Transaction 8: Personal Transaction:

Example: In Feb. 10, Ahmed purchased a new car at a cost of L.E. 150,000

for his personal use paid in cash from his personal funds.Note the following:

(1)This event is not a transaction of El-Salam Company.

(2) It has no effect on El-Salam Company and, therefore, is notrecorded by the business.


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Transaction 9: Collection on Account: Example:

In Feb. 15, El-Salam Company collected L.E. 30,000 fromABC Company for which it provided advertising services in

transaction (5). Required:



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Solution:

Owners

Assets __________ = Liabilities + Equity


Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Land Payable + CapitalBal. 312,000 50,000 5,000 150,000 = 2,000 515,000

(9) (+) 30,000 (-) 30,000 ______ ________ ________ _______

Bal. 342,000 20,000 5,000 150,000 2,000 515,000

-------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------

517,000 517,000


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Note: Total assets are unchanged from the preceding total, because El-

Salam Company exchanged one asset (Cash) for another(Accounts receivable).

Transaction 10: Sale of Land:

In Feb. 25, El-Salam Company sold some of land. The sale price ofL.E. 40,000 is equal to the cost of the land, and received L.E.40,000 cash.

Required:

Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effect on theaccounting equation.


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Solution:

Owners

Assets ___________ = Liabilities + Equity


Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Land = Payable + Capital

Bal. 342,000 20,000 5,000 150,000 2,000 515,000

(10) (+) 40,000 _______ _______ ( -) 40,000 ________ _________

Bal. 382,000 20,000 5,000 110,000 2,000 515,000

----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ 517,000 517,000


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Transaction 11: Owner Drawing of Cash:

Example:

In March 5, Ahmed withdrew L.E. 25,000 to purchase newfurniture for personal use.

Required: Analyze the proceeding transaction in terms of its effect on

the accounting equation.


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Assets ____________ = Liabilities + Equity Transaction

Accounts Office Ahmed,

Cash + Receivable + supplies + Land Capital

Bal. 382,000 20,000 5,000 110,000 = 2,000 515,000(11) (- ) 25,000 ______ ____ _____ _____ (- ) 25,000 Owner withd.

Bal. 357,000 20,000 5,000 110,000 2,000 490,000

------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------

492,000 492,000

Note the following:(1) Drawings do not represent an expense because they are not

relating to the earning of revenue.

(2) Drawings do not affect thebusinesssnet income or net loss.


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Objective 6:Preparing the Financial Statements: The financial statements summarize the transaction data into a

form that is useful for decision making.

The basic types of financial statements are:

(1) Income statement.

(2) Statement of ownersequity.

(3) balance sheet, and

(4) Statement of cash flows.

(1) Income Statement:

The income statement (also called statement of earnings orstatement of operations) presents a summary of a businessentitysrevenues and expenses for a period of time.


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The income statement tells us whether the business enjoyed netincomeor suffered a net loss.

(2) Statement of OwnersEquity:

The statement of ownersequity shows the changes in capital for a

business entity during a period of time such as month, quarter, oryear.

Capital increases when the business has:

**owner contribution of capital, or

**a net income(revenues exceed expenses).


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Capital decreases when the business has:

**a net loss (expenses exceed revenues), or

**owner withdrawals of cash or other assets.

(3) Balance Sheet:

The balance sheet lists a business entitysassets,liabilities, and ownersequity as of a specific dateusually the end of a month, quarter, or year.


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Notes: Each financial statement has a heading that provides three

pieces of data:

(1) Name of the business.

(2) Name of the financial statement. (3) Date or time period covered by the statement.


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Comprehensive Example:

In. Jan.1, 2013 Ali started a new business as a proprietorshipnamed El-Nasr Company for Cleaning Services, and depositedL.E.500,000 in XYZ Bank by the name of the business.

During January month the following transactions occurred by El-Nasr Company:

1-In Jan. 5, 2013 Ali purchased a building for L.E. 200,000 paidL.E. 150,000 cash.

2- In Jan. 10, El-Nasr Company purchased office supplies from

Alex. Company for L.E. 8,000 on account. 3-In Jan. 12, El-Salam Company, performed cleaning services to

ABC Company for L.E. 20,000 on account.


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4-In Jan. 16, El-Nasr Company, performed cleaning servicesto clients for L.E. 75,000, and collected L.E. 50,000 cash.

5- In Jan. 20, El-Nasr Company paid L.E. 5,000 to Alex.Company for purchased office supplies in transaction (2).

6-In Jan. 22, Ali purchased a new car for L.E. 100,000 for theuse in business at cost of L.E. 100,000 paid in cash from hispersonal funds.

7- In Jan. 25, El-Nasr Company collected L.E. 20,000 from

ABC Company for which it provided cleaning services intransaction (3).


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8- In Jan. 27, El-Nasr Company, provided cleaningservices to XYZ Company for L.E. 30,000 andcollected this amount in cash.

9- In Jan. 28, El-Nasr Company paid the following

expenses in cash: Rent L.E. 3,000, Salaries L.E.8,000, and Utilities L . E. 4,000.10-In Jan 5, Ali withdrew L.E. 10,000 personal use.

Required:(1) Analyze the proceeding transactions in terms of its

effects on the accounting equation.(2) Prepare the financial statements.

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ACCONTING CANEDIAN UNIVERSTY.pptx