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Accomplishments of the Progressives

Accomplishments of the Progressives

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Accomplishments of the Progressives. PROGRESSIVES. 1890 to 1917 “Progressives were reformers who attempted to solve problems caused by industry, growth of cities and laissez faire.”. Progressives were White Protestants Middle class and native born. College Educated Professionals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Accomplishments of the Progressives

Page 2: Accomplishments of the Progressives

1890 to 1917

“Progressives were reformers who

attempted to solve problems caused by industry, growth of cities and laissez

faire.”

Page 3: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Progressives wereProgressives were

White ProtestantsMiddle class and native born.

College Educated Professionals Social workers

ScholarsPoliticiansPreachersTeachersWriters

Page 4: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Populists vs ProgressivesPopulists---rural

Progressives---cities

Populists were poor and uneducatedProgressives were middle-class and

educated.

Populists were too radicalProgressives stayed political

mainstream.

Populists failedProgressives succeeded

Page 5: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Areas to ReformAreas to ReformSocial Justice

Political Democracy

Economic Equality

Conservation

Page 6: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Social JusticeSocial Justice Improve working

conditions in industry, regulate unfair business practices, eliminate child labor, help immigrants

and the poor

Page 7: Accomplishments of the Progressives

JaneAddams

SOCIAL GOSPEL

Pioneer in the field of social work who founded the settlement house

movement through the establishment of Hull House in Chicago, Illinois.

MargaretSanger

Educated urban poor about the benefits of family planning through

birth control. She founded the organization that became Planned

Parenthood.

Social Reformers

Page 8: Accomplishments of the Progressives

New York City's Bowery, 1896

America's Cities American cities at the end of the 19th century

(A) were becoming less congested (B) resisted any attempt to improve transportation issues(C) were free of the corruption of political machines and boss politics(D) witnessed the emergence of social reformers and movements intending to improve urban life for residents(E) trailed their European counterparts in electricity usage

Answer:      (D) witnessed the emergence of social reformers and movements intending to improve urban life for residents

Explanation: The many problems of late 19th century urban life (traffic congestion, sanitation, overcrowding, political corruption of city bosses) inspired a variety of secular and religious individuals and organizations to provide aid and comfort to urban residents. Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago, a settlement house supporting the poor and immigrant population. Churches and religious organizations, including the YMCA, offered programs, meals, and housing to city residents.

Page 9: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Educational ReformWhich American educational reformer associated with the progressive education movement wrote the following?

"The actual interests of the child must be discovered if the significance and worth of his life is

to be taken into account and full development achieved. Each subject must fulfill present needs of growing children . . . The business of education is not, for the presumable usefulness of his future, to

rob the child of the intrinsic joy of childhood involved in living each single day."

  A) Horace Mann B) Henry AdamsC) Charles Eliot D) John Dewey

E) Jane Addams

Answer: D) John Dewey

Explanation: John Dewey influenced American education by insisting that school was not only as a place to gain content knowledge, but also a place to learn how to live. The purpose of education should not revolve around the acquisition of a pre-determined set of skills, but the ability to use those skills for the greater good. He insisted that every lesson should be focused directly on the child.

Page 10: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Political DemocracyPolitical Democracy Give the government

back to the people, get more people voting and

end corruption with political machines.

Page 11: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Economic JusticeEconomic Justice •Fairness and opportunity in

the work world, regulate unfair trusts and bring about changes

in labor. •Demonstrate to the common

people that U.S. Government is in charge and not the

industrialists.

Page 12: Accomplishments of the Progressives

CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION

Preserve natural resources and

the environment

Page 13: Accomplishments of the Progressives

•Muckrakers were journalists and photographers who exposed the abuses of wealth and power.

•They felt it was their job to write and expose corruption in industry, cities

and government. Progressives exposed corruption

but offered no solutions.

MUCKRAKERSMUCKRAKERS

Page 14: Accomplishments of the Progressives

MuckrakersWhich of the following is not

an example of the muckraking journalism that emerged in the

late 19th and early 20th centuries?

(A)Theodore Dreiser wrote Sister Carrie, a depiction of the evils of urban life

(B) Nellie Bly went undercover in a mental hospital, depicting a cruel and unjust system

(C) Lincoln Steffens exposed city machines in The Shame of the Cities

(D) Jacob Riis described the life of the urban poor in How the Other Half Lives

(E) Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Trust abuses

Answer: (A) Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie, a depiction of the evils of urban life

Explanation: Muckrakers were investigative journalists who sought to promote reform by exposing wrongs in a number of areas of American life. Theodore Roosevelt wrote of the importance of muckrakers in 1906: "There are, in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. There should be relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil man whether politician or business man, every evil practice, whether in politics, in business, or in social life. I hail as a benefactor every writer or speaker, every man who, on the platform, or in book, magazine, or newspaper, with merciless severity makes such attack, provided always that he in his turn remembers that the attack is of use only if it is absolutely truthful." Sister Carrie was a fictional account of a rural Wisconsin girl who becomes exposed to the harsh realities of the city.

Page 15: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Urban Issues

Which of the following was not a problem of American cities in the last decades of the 19th century?

(A) corrupt city governments(B) declining tax base as residents moved to rural areas(C) lack of health support systems for the urban poor(D) sewage system breakdowns(E) overcrowded housing

Answer:      (B) declining tax base as residents moved to rural areas

Explanation: The urban centers of the U.S. grew at a rapid pace at the end of the 19th century as America moved from being a rural to an urban nation. Problems, including corruption, overcrowding, the lack of adequate sewage systems, and the lack of adequate medical care for the urban poor, plagued the cities.

Page 16: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Muckraker

Work Subject Results

Thomas Nast

PoliticalCartoons

Political corruption by NYC's political

machine, Tammany Hall, led by Boss

Tweed.

Tweed was convicted of embezzlement and

died in prison.

Jacob Riis

John Spargo

How the Other Half Lives

(1890)

The Bitter Cry of the Children

Living conditions of the urban poor; focused on

tenements.

Child labor in the factories and education for

children.

NYC passed building codes to promote safety and

health.

Ending child labor and increased enrollment in

schooling.

Muckraker

Work Subject Results

Investigated dangerous working

conditions and unsanitary procedures

in the meat-packing industry.

The Jungle(1906)

Upton Sinclair

In 1906 the Meat Inspection Act and

Pure Food and Drug Act were passed

Page 17: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Muckraker

Work Subject Results

Frank Norris

The Octopus (1901)

This fictional book exposed monopolistic

railroad practices in California.

In Northern Securities v. U.S.

(1904), the holding company

controlling railroads in the Northwest was

broken up.

Ida Tarbell

"History of Standard Oil Company" in

McClure's Magazine

(1904)

Exposed the ruthless tactics of the Standard Oil

Company through a series of articles

published in McClure's Magazine.

In Standard Oil v. U.S. (1911), the company was

declared a monopoly and

broken up.

Page 18: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Progressive Changes at the Local Level

Page 19: Accomplishments of the Progressives

CityCommissioner

Plan

Cities hired experts in different fields to run a single aspect of city government.

For example, the sanitation commissioner would be in charge of

garbage and sewage removal.*This could be an elected position

City ManagerPlan

A professional city manager is hired to run each department of the city and

report directly to the city council.

City Reforms

Page 20: Accomplishments of the Progressives

II. Progressive Changes at the State Level

Page 21: Accomplishments of the Progressives

RecallRecall

Allows voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from

office.

InitiativeAllows voters to petition state

legislatures in order to consider a bill desired by citizens.

ReferendumAllows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be

passed.

Ensures that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party

bosses.

State Reforms

Secret BallotSecret BallotPrivacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted.

Direct PrimaryDirect Primary

Page 22: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Given out only at the polls

Vote in secret

Printed at public expense

Lists names of all candidates and their

parties

Page 23: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Progressive Governor• Robert M. La Follette –

Wisconsin Idea– Direct Primary – Curbed Excess

Lobbying– Commissions in Public

Interest – Backed Labor reform

Robert M. La Follette

Page 24: Accomplishments of the Progressives

III. Progressive Changes at the Federal Level

Page 25: Accomplishments of the Progressives

National Reclamation Act

(1902)Roosevelt

Encouraged conservation by allowing the building of dams and irrigations

systems using money from the sale of public lands.

Elkins Act(1903)

Roosevelt

Outlawed the use of rebates by railroad officials or shippers.

Pure Food and Drug Act

(1906/1911)Roosevelt

Required that companies accurately label the ingredients contained in

processed food items.

Meat Inspection Act

(1906)Roosevelt

In direct response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this law required that meat

processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and

health-minded procedures.

Progressive Era Federal Legislation

Page 26: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Progressive Era Federal LegislationHepburn Act

(1906)Roosevelt

Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, allowing it to

set maximum railroad rates.

Federal Reserve Act

(1913)Wilson

Created 12 district Federal Reserve Banks, each able to issue new currency and loan member banks funds at the prime interest rate, as established by the Federal Reserve

Board.

Clayton Antitrust Act

(1914)Wilson

Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation of a monopoly

through any means, and stated that unions were not subject to antitrust legislation.

Federal Trade Act(1914)Wilson

Established the Federal Trade Commission, charged with investigating unfair business

practices including monopolistic activity and inaccurate product labeling.

Page 27: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Underwood Tariff1913

Wilson

Substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under the approval of the

recent 16th Amendment

Keating-OwenAct

1916Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

Enacted by U.S. Congress which sought to address the Enacted by U.S. Congress which sought to address the perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting the sale in perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children. Signed into law by President Wilson. Act children. Signed into law by President Wilson. Act declared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Courtdeclared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court

Page 28: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Amendments16 – Federal Income Tax

“Graduated”

17 – Direct Election of Senators

18- Prohibition

19- Women the right to vote

Page 29: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Teddy RooseveltWilliam Howard TaftWoodrow Wilson

Page 30: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt• Business– Trust Busting

– Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890

– “1902, line against the misconduct not against the wealth”

– “Don’t with to destroy corp. Wish to serve

the public good”

Page 31: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Square Deal•TR believed in the “capitalistic system” but believed that the system must be regulated by

US Govt.

•TR was for the betterment of the “common man” as

opposed to benefit the elite.

Square Deal•TR believed in the “capitalistic system” but believed that the system must be regulated by

US Govt.

•TR was for the betterment of the “common man” as

opposed to benefit the elite.

•TR believed the U.S. Government was running the country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists….

•U.S. Government involvement with “regulatory agencies”….Similar to “checks and balances”

Page 32: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Roosevelt Corollary

President Theodore Roosevelt

in a 1906 political cartoon

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

      (A)  was used to settle the Russo-Japanese War and earned Theodore Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize      (B)  was passed by both houses of Congress      (C)  in effect reversed the Monroe Doctrine       (D)  asserted that the U.S. had the right to intervene militarily in Latin America to preserve order      (E)  warned Europe that the U.S. desired a sphere of influence in China

Answer:       (D)  asserted that the U.S. had the right to intervene militarily in Latin America to preserve order

Explanation: The Roosevelt Corollary, presented in a speech to Congress in 1904, extended the Monroe Doctrine by asserting that if economic order was needed to be maintained in a Latin American nation, the U.S. would intervene.

Page 33: Accomplishments of the Progressives

TR’s Conservation PolicyTR’s Conservation Policy•125,000 acres in reserve

•National Reclamation Act 1902

•25 water projects

•Founding of the National Park System

Page 34: Accomplishments of the Progressives
Page 35: Accomplishments of the Progressives
Page 36: Accomplishments of the Progressives

•National Reclamation Act gave birth to the Newlands Irrigation

Project.

•Free land to Homesteaders who

wanted to farm Lahontan Valley.

•Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets

•Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation

by 1914

Page 37: Accomplishments of the Progressives

•Federal Children’s Bureau

•Creation of a Dept. of Labor

•8 hr. workday

•Mann-Elkins Act

•Aligns with Conservative

Republicans and splits with

Roosevelt’s Progressives.Goodness gracious, I must have been dozing

Page 38: Accomplishments of the Progressives
Page 39: Accomplishments of the Progressives

•TR forms his own party called the Progressive “Bull Moose Party”……..

Page 40: Accomplishments of the Progressives

The Progressive Party& Theodore RooseveltThe Progressive Party& Theodore Roosevelt

Page 41: Accomplishments of the Progressives

New Freedom

Goal: • Favored an active role in

economic and social affairs.

• Favored small businesses and the free functioning and unregulated and unmonopolized markets.

• Tackle the “triple wall of triple wall of privilegeprivilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.

1. Similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.

Goal: • Continuation of his Square

Deal which were reforms to help the common man.

• Favored a more active govt role in economic and social affairs.

1. Good trusts vs. bad trusts2. Direct election of senators3. Tariff reduction4. Presidential primaries5. Regulation of monopolies6. End child labor7. Initiative and referendum8. Women’s suffrage

New Nationalism

Page 42: Accomplishments of the Progressives

“The Working Class Candidates”

“The Working Class Candidates”

Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President for Vice-President

Page 43: Accomplishments of the Progressives

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The issue is Socialism The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I for Socialism because I am for humanity.am for humanity.

Page 44: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Growth of the Socialist VoteGrowth of the Socialist Vote

YearSocialist

PartySocialist

Labor Party Total

1888   2,068 2,068

1890   13,704 13,704

1892   21,512 21,512

1894   30,020 30,020

1896   36,275 36,274

1898   82,204 82,204

1900 96,931 33,405 130,336

1902 223,494 53,763 277,257

1904 408,230 33,546 441,776

1906 331,043 20,265 351,308

1908 424,488 14,021 438,509

1910 607,674 34,115 641,789

1912 901,873901,873

Page 45: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Socialist Party PlatformSocialist Party Platform

Government ownership of Government ownership of railroads and utilities.railroads and utilities.

Guaranteed income tax.Guaranteed income tax.

No tariffs.No tariffs.

8-hour work day.8-hour work day.

Better housing.Better housing.

Government inspection of Government inspection of factories.factories.

Women’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.

Page 46: Accomplishments of the Progressives
Page 47: Accomplishments of the Progressives

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

Page 48: Accomplishments of the Progressives
Page 49: Accomplishments of the Progressives

The Election of 1912The conscience of the people, in a time of grave national problems, has called into being a new party, born of the nation’s sense of justice. We ... here dedicate ourselves to the fulfillment of the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain the government of the people, by the people and for the people whose foundations they laid.We hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln that the people are the masters of their Constitution, to fulfill its purposes and to safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its intent, would convert it into an instrument of injustice. In accordance with the needs of each generation the people must use their sovereign powers to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice, to secure which this Government was founded and without which no republic can endure.

The above statements came from which party platform during the presidential race in 1912?

(A) Republican Party/William H. Taft(B) Democratic Party/Woodrow Wilson(C) Prohibition Party/Eugene W. Chafin (D) Socialist Party/Eugene Debs(E) Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party/Theodore Roosevelt

Answer: (E) Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party/Theodore Roosevelt

Explanation: Disappointed in the policies of his handpicked successor, William H. Taft, Theodore Roosevelt launched a new Progressive Party. Finishing second in popular votes, Roosevelt's presence in the race helped Democrat Woodrow Wilson win the election.

Page 50: Accomplishments of the Progressives

Wilson’s Slogan• New FreedomNew Freedom: restore the

free competition and equal opportunity but not through big government….

• Tackle the “triple wall of triple wall of privilegeprivilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.

Wilson’s Slogan• New FreedomNew Freedom: restore the

free competition and equal opportunity but not through big government….

• Tackle the “triple wall of triple wall of privilegeprivilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.

•Wilson passes quite a bit of legislation which was similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism….

•Federal Trade Commission •16th Amendment

•Underwood Tariff Bill•Federal Reserve Act

•Clayton Anti-Trust Act•Keating-Owen Act

•Wilson passes quite a bit of legislation which was similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism….

•Federal Trade Commission •16th Amendment

•Underwood Tariff Bill•Federal Reserve Act

•Clayton Anti-Trust Act•Keating-Owen Act

Progressive Movement ends in

1917 with US entrance into WWIWWI

Wilson’s time is devoted to the

WWIWWI instead of the Progressive

Reforms.