Accessing Cultural Heritage

The Role of Collective Management

Olav Stokkmo, CEO of IFRRO

ARIPO-IFRRO-NCC-Repronig-WIPO conference ,

17 September 2013, Lagos

Some digital libraries initiatives

• Gutenberg project (www.gutenberg.org)

– >100,000 titles, mainly out-of-copyright; free downloads

• World Digital Library (www.wdl.org)

– 7 languages; 106 partners– Primary material– Prototype:8,431 items (8,016 books, revues, texts, images)

• Internet Archive (www.archive.org)

– 4,733,126 texts available– 353 billion World Wide Web pages

“Digital Library” initiatives Some examples

> 26 million objects (July 2013) > 2,200 collaborating institutions and organisations123 libraries; archives; museums providing contentCommon access point to the collections

www.europeana.eu

“Digital Library” initiatives EUROPEANA European Digital Libraries

LEGAL ISSUES

Making cultural heritage available legally

Fundamental Rights ConcernedExclusive Rights

1. Reproduction (Berne Convention Article 9.1)

2. Make available/Communication (WCT Article 8)

3. Distribution (WCT Article 10)

Exceptions/Limitations to exclusive rights (BC 9.2) Certain special cases; Not in conflict with the normal exploitation of the work Not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interest of RH

Libraries: Preservation; dedicated terminals on library premises

Identifying and addressing

RightsRightholdersRight statusRight clearanceOrphan Works Out-of-Commerce & In Commerce Works

Digitising Cultural Heritage legally

TOOLS AVAILABLE

Making cultural heritage available legally

• Orphan works– Diligent search for rightholders Guidelines– Databases of Orphan works Criteria– Rights Clearance Centres Criteria

• Works Out of Print/Distribution/Commerce– Model Licence– Databases of Out-of-Commerce works Criteria– Rights Clearance Centres Criteria

• On-Line Accessibility– Model Licence

http://www.ifrro.org/content/i2010-digital-libraries

EuropeStakeholder developed tools

Out of Commerce Works (OOC)Principles in Stakeholder MoU

1. Selection: Agree on what to make available/digitise

2. Voluntary Collective Licensing; Remuneration

3. Possible inclusion of works of authors and publishers not in the RRO catalogue; Right of withdrawal

4. Libraries observe agreed conditions

5. Cross-border accessibility

COLLECTIVE LICENSING

Making cultural heritage available legally

Selection from Library CollectionAgree what to include

Works/Materials• Public domain• In copyright

– In commerce– OOC (Majority)– Orphan (some)

Roman Alapage

1. Selection from Library Collection

Selecting - IdentifyingWorks, Authors, Publishers, Status

13

• Public Domain• No need to clear rights

• Known author/publisher• In Commerce• Out of Commerce

• Rights can be cleared• Directly / RRO

• Unknown/id Author/Publisher: Orphan

• Legislation to clear rights – by CMO

OOC in digitisation projectsRROs the natural one stop shop

RROs– Mandated– Established– Owned jointly by– Governed– Licence on behalf of

collectively }

Authors &Publishers

Rights in OOC may be with

• Authors• Publishers

2. COLLECTIVE LICENSING

The global network140 members in 78 countries

International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations

87 RROs 53 Creator & Publisherbodies

IFRRO Mission• Increase lawful use of

copyright works• Eliminate

unauthorized copying• Promote efficient

collective rights management

OOC in digitisation projectsVoluntary Collective Licensing

RROs will– Collect mandates from authors and publishers relevant to the

(groups of ) works agreed to be included– Inform of withdrawn creators, publishers, works– Sign the licence– Monitor the licence

Libraries will– Be transparent in the project planning– Ensure that licensing conditions are observed

• Digitise/make available authorised works only

ARROW = appropriate tool to identify / select

Authors & PublishersNot in RRO catalogue

User(Library)

Voluntary Collective Licensing Agreement

RRO

MandatingAuthors

Collective LicensingInclusion of works not in RRO catalogue

MandatingPublishers

Works may be withdrawn

3. INCLUSION OF WORKS NOT IN CATALOGUE

• Legal Presumption• Extended Coll. Licence• Compulsory Coll. Manage

29/10/2012Co-funded by the

Community programme

eContentplus www.arrow-net.eu

To facilitate search

}

Identifying and addressing

Rights

Rightholders

Rights status

Rights clearance

handling Unidentifiable/Unlocatable rightholders (Orphan works)

Digitising cultural heritage legallyFive key issues

19

Requires • Search tools / facilities• Registries• Rights clearance

mechanisms• Enabling legislation

The ARROW work flow

Library

Libraryinterface

Matchingrecords

VIAF

1st data collection

BiP

TEL2nd data collection

RRO3rd data collection

ROW

RESULT OF PILOT VALIDATIONTime (and cost) benefit from using ARROW

Manual search95%

Search usingARROW

5%

Total

Time save using ARROWSearch for author, publisher, work, status

Manual ARROW

34 4

52

3

12.7 3.5

184

4.5

Time saved using ARROW in hours; 63 – 102 records

France Germany Spain UK

SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES

Making cultural heritage available legally

Contract National Library – RRO (Kopinor)– Mandate from authors and publishers– Extended Collective Licence

• Digitise and make available 250,000 books– Published before 2000– Includes orphan works and out of commerce works– Fee per page made available to public per year

• User access– Registered library users– Norwegian IP addresses– View; No download, print-out or copying– Purchase opportunities

http://www.arrow-net.eu/news/rightsholders-and-national-library-norway-agreed-digital-library-project.htmlhttp://www.arrow-net.eu/news/bookshelf-project-contract.html

Library Digitising Project“Bookshelf” (Norway)

FRANCE• Out-of-Commerce Books published in France < 2001• Compulsory Collective Management by RRO

– Right of withdrawal

GERMANY• Out-of-Commerce Books published in Germany < 1966• Licensing by RROs (VG Wort and VG Bildkunst)

– Legal Presumption– Right of withdrawal

Library Digitising project Some examples

25

In conclusion

• Creative collaboration – finding solutions in the interest of all

• Copyright compliance

&

• Collective Copyright administration

27

Library Digitisation project The constructive way to solutions

2828

Thank you!

Olav.Stokkmo@ifrro.org

www.ifrro.org