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#IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Enid Slack Munk School of Global Affairs Steven Farber University of Toronto Scarborough Monica Campbell Toronto Public Health Linda Weichel CivicAction Thanks to our volunteers Wafic El-Assi, Kathryn Grond and James Lamers

Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

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Page 1: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

#IMFGtalks

Accessibility, Transportation

Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016)

Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of Technology

Enid Slack

Munk School of Global Affairs

Steven FarberUniversity of Toronto Scarborough

Monica CampbellToronto Public Health

Linda WeichelCivicAction

Thanks to our volunteers Wafic El-Assi, Kathryn Grond and James Lamers

Page 2: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Justice and

the transport system

Karel Martens

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, IL

Radboud University, NL

Page 3: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Goals of transportation planning

• Economic development

• Activity participation

• Environmental quality

Page 4: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Goals of transportation planning

• Economic development

• Activity participation

• Environmental quality

Page 5: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of
Page 6: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Relation between accessibility and activity participation

Page 7: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Lower border

Relation between accessibility and activity participation

Page 8: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Lower border Upper border

Relation between accessibility and activity participation

Page 9: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Lower border Upper border

Relation between accessibility and activity participation

Page 10: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Accessibility Fairness Index

Page 11: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Depth of accessibility shortfalls

P1

P2

P3

Page 12: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Prevalence of accessibility shortfalls

G1

G2

G3

Page 13: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

How fair is the

transportation system

of Amsterdam?

Page 14: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Sufficiency thresholds

Average

accessibility

Page 15: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Sufficiency thresholds

Average

accessibility

50%

Page 16: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Sufficiency thresholds

Average

accessibility

40%

Page 17: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Sufficiency thresholds

Average

accessibility

30%

Page 18: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Level of accessibility

Level of activity

participation

Sufficiency thresholds

Average

accessibility

20%

Page 19: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Sufficiency threshold of 50%

Page 20: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Sufficiency threshold of 40%

Page 21: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Sufficiency threshold of 30%

Page 22: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Sufficiency threshold of 20%

Page 23: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Urban or rural phenomenon?

Page 24: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

High Low

Urbanization level

Contribution by urbanization level

50% threshold

40% threshold

30% threshold

20% threshold

1 2 3 4 50%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Page 25: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

How fair is the

public transport reform

in Tel Aviv?

Page 26: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Spatial pattern of accessibility deficiency

Before After

Page 27: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Change in population below sufficiency threshold

Page 28: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Conclusions

• Transportation planning should guarantee sufficient

accessibility

• Transportation planning should start from people

• Government’s first responsibility lies with persons below

sufficiency threshold

• Costs of improvements should be carried by all

Page 29: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Thank you

Karel Martens

[email protected]

Page 30: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness: The Toronto Context

Dr. Steven Farber

Panelist Remarks

May 12, 2016

Page 31: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Fairness and Toronto Transportation

Planning Issue Equity Type

Fare Integration Pay for Use

DVP/Gardner Tolls Pay for Use

Fare Equity Policy Framework Vertical Equity (Income)

UP Express Vertical Equity (Workers vs. Travelers)

Scarborough Options Spatial Equity

Bloor Bike Lanes Right to the City (Local/Global)

Uber Consumer Rights

Page 32: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Access to Destinations

Counting reachable destinations is a way to quantify transportation benefits

Often used in comparisons

– Healthy versus unhealthy food (destinations)

– Public transit versus automobile (mode)

– High income versus low income (vertical)

– Downtown versus suburbs (spatial)

Page 33: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of
Page 34: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of
Page 35: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of
Page 36: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of
Page 37: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of
Page 38: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Conclusions

The automobile dominates the jobs accessibility landscape

Planned transit expansions have moderate impact on “transit poverty”

Sprawling employment and poverty must be given equal attention

Page 39: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Acknowledgements

Maria Grandez

Jeff Allen

Page 40: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Next Stop Health:

Transit Affordability in Toronto

Rita Paul Sengupta and Monica Campbell

Healthy Public Policy

Photo Credit: Mike Szilagyi

56

Page 41: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Source: Community View Collaboration, Health Status Reporting, June 2014

Page 42: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Commuting to Work

Percent of Labour Force Using Public Transit to Commute to Work by

Employment Income, Aged 15+, Toronto, 2006

42.8

37.2

32.6

28.4 27.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

Less than $20,000

$20,000 to $39,999

$40,000 to $59,999

$60,000 to $79,999

$80,000 and over

Perc

en

t

Employment Income

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada (CANSIM Table: 97-561-XCB2006015.IVT)58

Page 43: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Cost of Monthly Transit Pass as Percent of Monthly Minimum Wage Income:

Select Canadian Cities/ Municipalities, 2009

7.57.1 6.8 6.8

6.35.8 5.6 5.5

5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9

0

2

4

6

8

10M

ontr

eal (M

etr

o)

To

ronto

Yo

rk

Peel

Durh

am

Calg

ary

Vanco

uver

Ott

aw

a

Ed

mo

nto

n

Ham

ilto

n

Win

nip

eg

Queb

ec (M

etr

o)

Perc

en

t o

f M

on

thly

Min

imu

m W

ag

e

City/Muncipality

Least affordable Most affordable

Source: Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Quality of Life Reporting

System. Ottawa, Ontario

Transit Affordability for Low Income Workers

59

Page 44: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Metro Pass Affordability – Income Left Over After

Paying for Rent, Food and a Metro Pass (2012)

60

- -

works

Minimum Wage

Median Income

works

works

-----

-----

Total Income Cost of Rent & Food Cost of Metro Pass Remaining Family Type

$6360 $2151 $129 $4080

$2639 $2151 $129 $359

$2032 $2151 $129 -$248

$1855 $1741 $129 -$14

$1115 $1265 $129 -$278

$642 $1064 $129 -$550

Disability Support Program

Source: Adapted from the May 2012 Nutritious Food Basket Scenarios, Toronto Employment & Social Services. Note: Numbers are

rounded. For more information http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/hl/bgrd/backgroundfile-49920.pdf

Page 45: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Transit and Health

Transit enables people to access

employment, education, health

and social services, food, and

recreation, which contribute to

health.

It is particularly important for

people on a low income who are

often dependent on transit.

61

Page 46: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

More Information

Toronto Public Health reports

on transit affordability

available at:

http://www.toronto.ca/health

62

Page 47: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

Linda Weichel, Vice President, Initiatives

Page 48: Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness … · #IMFGtalks Accessibility, Transportation Planning and Fairness (May 12, 2016) Karel Martens Technion, Israel Institute of

#IMFGtalks

Panel Discussion:

Accessibility, Transportation

Planning and Fairness

Karel Martens

Steven Farber

Monica Campbell

Linda Weichel

Enid Slack