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Access DesignStandards

Advisory Committee on AccessibilityMobility, Vision, Cognitive, Hearing

A c c e s s D e s i g n S t a n d a r d s – T h e C i t y o f C a l g a r y

September 2009

The 2010 edition of The City of Calgary Access Design Standards is largely based on the 2002

edition. However, we wish to gratefully acknowledge the following groups and individuals for their

assistance with developing new and revised content for 2010.

The City of Calgary committees

Advisory Committee on Accessibility

Access Design Sub-Committee

The City of Calgary business units/divisions

Calgary Housing Company

Calgary Transit

Community & Neighbourhood Services

Corporate Properties & Buildings

Development & Building Approvals

Land Servicing & Housing

Land Use Planning & Policy

Recreation

Roads

Transportation Infrastructure

Transportation Planning

Private industry/not-for profit contributors/individuals

Accessible Housing Society

Mark Iantkow

Editorial team

Sarah Alexander

Anna Ciarla

Ulrik Seward

Janel Smith

Acknowledgements

1A c c e s s D e s i g n S t a n d a r d s – T h e C i t y o f C a l g a r y

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Access design standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

A. Exterior barrier-free path of travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

B. Interior barrier-free path of travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

C. Vehicular access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

D. Illumination and acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

E. Location of controls, dispensers and receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

F. Building entrances, doors and doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

G. Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

H. Stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

J. Handrails and guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

K. Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

L. Public washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

M. Recreational and cultural centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

N. Public facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

P. Parks, pathways and playgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Q. Patios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

R. Emergency egress, alarms and warning surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

S. Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

T. Plus-15 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

U. Public transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

V. Pedestrian crossings and traffic signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

W. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) . . . . . . 76

X. Universal Dwelling Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Figure list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Table of Contents

2 A c c e s s D e s i g n S t a n d a r d s – T h e C i t y o f C a l g a r y

Today, people with disabilities are in the

mainstream of society, where opportunities are

the same for everyone and is enriched by the

diversity of its active and contributing members.

It is important that people of all abilities be

positively supported by their surroundings.

A well-designed environment is safe,

convenient, comfortable, age-friendly1

and readily accessible to everyone. Design

solutions that also respond to the climate

variations in a winter city, like Calgary, increase

and enhance the accessibility to the outdoors

throughout the year.

The City of Calgary wishes to set an example

by creating a more livable and accessible

city. To this end, it established the Advisory

Committee on Accessibility (ACA) and

published these Standards.

The Advisory Committee on Accessibility

was established by City Council to improve

access to buildings and other services. The

committee consists of members with disabilities,

representatives from the community, and City of

Calgary business units. The terms of reference of

the ACA are:

To review and make recommendations

to City Council through the Standing

Policy Committee on Community and

Protective Services on policy issues, the

accessibility of municipal properties,

information and services for people

with disabilities, and to be a resource to

City Council and City Administration in

addressing accessibility issues.

Introduction


These Standards represent The City of Calgary’s

approach to a universal built environment.

They are intended to complement the Alberta

Building Code. In some cases, these Standards

are intended to enhance accessibility

by requiring measures that exceed the

requirements of the Alberta Building Code 2006.

The contents of these Standards are required to be integrated into the design and construction of all new City of Calgary owned/operated buildings and facilities. The Standards do not require retrofitting of existing buildings. They are not intended to be a set of requirements for projects that are not owned or operated by The City. However, design professionals, the building industry, government departments and the community as a whole are encouraged to implement these Standards in all projects constructed within the city.

Generally, these Standards apply within the property boundaries of City owned/operated buildings and facilities. For construction pertaining to regional pathways, road right-of-ways and city parks, the appropriate City department shall be consulted, in addition to these Standards.

This document is designed both as a working tool to provide a common point of reference and as a means to increase the awareness of the needs of people with disabilities, including the elderly.

Formulation of these Standards has been based primarily on:1. Experience and knowledge of people with

disabilities from the community.2. Expertise acquired by The City of Calgary

business units through planning and review of major projects.

3. Documentation of standards by other authorities, provinces and countries.

4. Alberta Building Code 2006.

Questions regarding the content of these standards can be directed to:

Advisory Committee on AccessibilityAdministrative ContactTelephone: 3-1-1TTY: 403-268-1379Email: [email protected]

These Standards are comprised of 22 Sections. Each Section is divided into sub-sections, as follows:

1. Principle/rationale: A statement of the principle/rationale behind making a particular area accessible.

2. Existing regulations: Articles of the Alberta Building Code (ABC) 2006 and other recognized standards, relating to each specific area of concern.

3. Proposed standards: Proposals to improve access and justification for those proposals. In some cases, the deficiencies of existing regulations are highlighted.

In some sections, graphic illustrations are provided as supporting information. Please be advised, all measurements in illustrations are in millimetres, unless otherwise specified.

Access design standards


A.1 Principle/rationale

Everyone wants to be able to move throughout

a city safely, conveniently and independently.

Exterior barrier-free paths of travel, which

include pathways and sidewalks, can make

movement difficult if not impossible if obstacles

or hazards obstruct the path of travel. These

obstacles and hazards can be weather induced,

as in the case of snow drifts. The placement of

exterior items must not obstruct the pathway for

people with visual or mobility impairments.

Consistent tactile surfaces within barrier-free

paths of travel prevent confusion and promote

understanding through textured surface

indicators. When care is taken in the design of

the tactile quality of surfaces, those surfaces

can support information regarding orientation,

direction and location.

The City of Calgary Roads, Transportation

Planning, and Land Use Planning & Policy shall

be consulted for all matters concerning public

sidewalks and roads.

Figure 1. Cane detectable tactile surfaces.

A.2 Existing regulations

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.2.

A.3 Proposed standards

This section applies to exterior pathways and

sidewalks on the property of City owned and

operated buildings.

A.3.1 Surfaces and textures

Since ground and floor surfaces are an

important aspect of access, they shall be

designed to facilitate safe and easy movement.

The freeze/thaw cycle and positive drainage

are an important consideration when designing

ground surfaces.

A. Exterior barrier-free path of travel


Throughout these Standards, Five Basic

Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental

Design for People with Visual Disabilities

have been considered. These five principles

were developed by Mark Iantkow in 2003

and are best remembered by using the

acronym CoLATE.

Co – Colour and contrast

L – Lighting

A – Audible cues

T – Tactile cues

E – Ergonomics

The principle considered in this sub-section and

other sections in these Standards is T – Tactile

Cues, described by Iantkow as follows:

“Tactile queues (and cues) are a ‘parallel’

consideration to audible queuing. One might

align oneself according to the direction of

a wall, curb or planter if there is some

indication that such a tactile entity is used in a

consistent way within a structure. Tactile cues

may also be used at decision making points for

wayfinding (different textures on floor surfaces;

or textures on walls; or signs in relief placed

consistently next to doorways; or even railings

with different textures when approaching

changes in elevation).”2

Outdoor ground surfaces made of brick or stone

shall be laid on a firm base, level with adjacent

surfaces and embedded in concrete.

The City of Calgary is currently researching

the feasibility of developing a system of tactile

tiles, provisionally known as Urban Braille, for

use in the city’s public sidewalks. These tiles

assist people with vision loss in negotiating

public sidewalks.

Directional tiles are normally thin, linearly

aligned tiles that contrast with the rest of

the sidewalk, helping to direct pedestrian

traffic. Node tiles along the sidewalk act as

an indicator for deciding to cross a road

or change direction. Intersection curb tiles

indicate curb ramps. Crosswalk directional tiles

are used on crosswalks to direct people safely

across the road.

Please contact the Advisory Committee

on Accessibility (ACA) for updates on the

development of these tactile systems. These

tiles are not to be applied without prior

approval, since consistency and standardization

are necessary for the success of the entire

system. The City intends to develop these

standards further, and such information may be

incorporated into future editions of the Access

Design Standards.


Figure 2. Crosswalk direction tile3. Figure 3. Node tile4.

Figure 4. Directional tile5. Figure 5. Intersection curb tile.


A.3.2 General requirements

The placement of lampposts, transformers,

mailboxes, newspaper boxes, trash containers

and bus shelters, can obstruct the barrier-free

path of travel. They should be placed outside

the minimum required width of the sidewalk

or pathway.

The minimum width of a sidewalk shall be

1,500 mm (the Transportation Association of

Canada recommends 2,400 mm).

Joints in sidewalks or between bricks or stones

shall not exceed 13 mm in width.

Figure 6. Sidewalk joint.

Sidewalks shall be designed to drain water to

prevent puddles and ice build-up.

Rest areas shall be located on one side

of walkways every 30 m. Rest areas shall

have minimum dimensions of 2,400 mm

x 2,400 mm. If benches are included in the

rest areas, they shall conform with Section P

of these Standards.

Figure 7. Obstructions located out of the direct path of travel.

A.3.3 Obstructions

The Alberta Building Code requires a

horizontally projecting obstruction to extend

within 680 mm above the floor or ground

surface. People with vision loss find this height

to be above cane detection level. Therefore,

a lower maximum of 200 mm is required to

reduce the risk of collision with the obstruction.

Figure 8. Specification for protruding objects to avoid collision.


Gratings, manhole covers, electrical vaults and

other access covers shall be placed adjacent

to walkways, out of the path of travel, unless

prevented by site constraints. If placement

within the path of travel is unavoidable, the

gratings shall have a maximum clear opening of

13 mm. Due to ventilation requirements,

the gratings on electrical vaults may be

larger (openings no larger than 20 mm wide

x 90 mm long to meet transformer ventilation

requirements, as specified by Enmax).

The long dimension of the openings shall

lie perpendicular to the path of travel, and if

small solid plates (like footprints) are placed in

the direction of pedestrian traffic and spaced

to accommodate an average stride, a person

wearing high heels can cross gratings safely.

Guy-wires near walkways shall be clearly

marked to at least 1,980 mm above the ground

and have a physical barrier beneath or be

placed out of the path of travel.

Temporary signs, parked vehicles, or vegetation

shall not block a path of travel.

Figure 11. Clearance between overhanging objects and the ground.

Figure 9. Requirements for openings in the ground surface.

Figure 10. Placement of gratings.


Figure 12. Proper placement of obstructions.

A.3.4 Curb ramps

In Calgary, new sidewalks are constructed with

curb ramps. Curb ramps are also constructed

when curb and gutter work is undertaken in

existing sidewalks or when they are replaced.

In designing curb ramps, care shall be taken

to prevent them from becoming hazardous

to people with vision loss, who may not

notice them and walk inadvertently into the

intersection. Curb ramps located right on

the corner shall be avoided, because they

force people with vision loss, people using

wheelchairs and people pushing strollers

into the intersection, rather than the safe area

of the crosswalk.

At times, curb radii and traffic safety concerns

preclude the alignment of the curb ramp

perpendicular to traffic. In such cases,

the curb ramps shall discharge into the

painted crosswalk, as close as possible to a

perpendicular alignment with traffic flow.

Figure 13. Proper placement of curb ramps.

A level surface shall be maintained on the

sidewalk behind the curb ramps for smooth

pedestrian and wheelchair travel.

The minimum width of curb ramps, exclusive of

flared sides, shall be 1,500 mm.

1 0 A c c e s s D e s i g n S t a n d a r d s – T h e C i t y o f C a l g a r y

The slope of a curb ramp shall not exceed 1:12

(eight per cent), and shall be not less than 1:15

(six per cent) unless sidewalk constraints do not

allow these ratios.

Figure 14. Plan view of City standard curb ramp6.

Figure 15. Section and elevation of curb ramp7.

The edges shall be curved rather than cut

sharply, so all the wheels of a wheelchair can

maintain contact with the ground at all times.

Surfaces of curb ramps shall be slip resistant.

Curb ramps shall contrast in texture from the

surrounding sidewalk and the road, so they can

be identified by the visually impaired. A raised

texture is more perceptible.

Drainage shall be designed to prevent water

and snow accumulation at the bottom of curb

ramps. However, catch basins shall not be

located in front of the curb ramps.

Where the widths of sidewalks provide

adequate space, curb ramps shall be offset from

the main flow of pedestrian traffic and still be

within the crosswalk area. The corner curb shall

be maintained as a clearly defined edge and be

cane detectable.

Figure 16. Proper layout of intersections.

1 1A c c e s s D e s i g n S t a n d a r d s – T h e C i t y o f C a l g a r y

Medians in crossings shall have curb

ramps at both sides and a level area no

less than 1,500 mm long. Where a median

island is less than 3.6 m wide, the two

ramps and the flat area between shall

all be reduced by an equal amount.

A.3.5 Snow removal

Temporary hazards are often overlooked. For

example, snow removal often results in snow

banks along sidewalks, which block access.

Snow removal vehicles often clear the street,

but they must also ensure curbs are not blocked

with snow banks, as it makes it difficult, if not

impossible, to cross the street.

Wind buffers, such as fences, hedges and trees,

shall be set back from the sidewalk so the walk

will be protected from winds and snow will be

deposited next to the walk, rather than covering

the path.

Figure 17. Wind buffers.


B. Interior barrier-free path of travel

B.1 Principle/rationale

Navigation through interior corridors and

passageways shall be simple and safe.

Passageway widths can create barriers, if

the needs of people with disabilities are not

considered. Strategic placement of objects in a

passageway can reduce collisions and facilitate

cane detection. Surface materials are also an

important consideration for people with vision

loss and the elderly, as they can reduce injury

and disorientation.

B.2 Existing regulations


1) The minimum width of a public corridor shall

be 1,100 mm.

2) Except as required by Sentence 3.3.3.3.(2),

the minimum unobstructed width of a corridor

used by the public or a corridor serving

classrooms or patients’ sleeping rooms shall be

1,100 mm.

3) Except as permitted by Sentence (4),

obstructions located within 1,980 mm of the

floor shall not project more than 100 mm

horizontally into an exit passageway, a public

corridor, a corridor used by the public or a

corridor serving classrooms or patients’ sleeping

rooms in a manner that would create a hazard

for a person with a visual disability traveling

adjacent to the walls.

4) The horizontal projection of an obstruction

referred to in Sentence (3) is permitted to be

more than 100 mm provided the clearance

between the obstruction and the floor is less

than 680 mm.

Figure 18. Proper height requirements for protruding objects.

Alberta Building Code 2006 A-3.3.1.9.

4) The sweep of a cane used by blind or

visually impaired persons normally detects

obstructions that are within 680 mm of the floor.

Any obstructions above this height would not

normally be detected and can, therefore, create

a hazard if it projects more than 100 mm into

the path of travel.


Figure 19. Interior passageway.

B.3 Proposed standards

B.3.1 General requirements

The ideal width of an interior corridor is 1,525

mm. This allows two wheelchairs to pass each

other without difficulty. Additional manoeuvring

space is necessary at corners and doorways. The

length of a wheelchair, including footrest, shall

be considered when determining the turning

radius. Therefore, at corners and doorways, for

greater ease of manoeuvrability, 1,525 mm is

also recommended.

Due to space restrictions, a corridor width

of 1,525 mm is difficult to achieve in some

areas. The minimum width for private corridors,

including store and restaurant aisles shall be

920 mm.

In Section A, the principles of CoLATE were

introduced. The principle that has been

considered in this sub-section and others in

these Standards is Co – Colour and Contrast,

and A – Audible Cues, which is described by

Iantkow as follows:

Effective use of colour and contrast designs can

enhance safe orientation and mobility of people

with visual impairments. Walls should be in

contrast with flooring, furniture in good contrast

with carpeting and surrounding walls, colour/

contrast queues and cues can be used for

wayfinding or even to denote important fixtures

such as door knobs, door frames, drinking

fountains, etc.

Audible queues (and cues) are also a vital

consideration for people with varied levels of

vision (particularly for those individuals with no

vision at all). One can align their path of travel

according to sounds they know the location

of, they can relate the distance from various

objects by sound, or even track where they are

located within a structure by knowing a sound

cue within a structure. A water fountain which

gives off a distinctive sound within a shopping

mall is one example.8


There shall be a consistency of materials and

colours in recurring situations to provide

satisfactory sensory information about the

environment. The acoustic properties of

materials used in interior passageways shall

be considered in the design. Some sound

reverberation aids people with vision loss by

providing a sense of the size of the space and

the location of walls or openings, while some

sound absorption helps people who have

hearing loss by reducing background noise.

Figure 20. Proper design of an interior corridor.

B.3.2 Obstructions

Free-standing or cantilevered staircases,

escalators, ramps and intermediate floor levels

shall be avoided or have a barrier to prevent

accidental access to the overhung area.

Overhead signs shall have a clearance of 2,100

mm from the bottom of the sign to the ground.

Objects protruding more than 100 mm from

the wall with a top surface higher than 680 mm

shall extend to within 200 mm from the floor, in

order to be cane detectable.

B.3.3 Floor surfaces

Surface materials of circulation routes shall not

impede pedestrian movement, particularly for

those in wheelchairs or distort the perception of

people who are visually impaired.

Carpets laid on the floor, stairs or ramp surfaces

shall be securely attached. They shall have a

tight weave, low pile and firm underlay.

Figure 21. Improper type and installation of carpets.


Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to the

floor surface with trim along the entire exposed

edge. The carpet trim shall be beveled with a

slope of no greater than 1:2 (50 per cent).

All floor finishes shall be slip resistant,

continuous, non-glossy and stable. The floor

surface shall have a coefficient of friction no

less than 0.5, wet or dry.

Figure 22. Proper type and installation of floor materials.

B.3.4 Wall surfaces

Wall surfaces shall not distort perception or

cause physical harm, shall not be extremely

rough or uneven and shall have a matte finish

to prevent glare.

Wall surfaces shall not be entirely constructed

with mirror or glass, or else there shall be a

horizontal warning strip, such as an adhesive

film or graphic, that is a minimum of 150 mm

wide and placed 1,350 mm above the floor.

Sharp angles or junctions of finishes shall be

avoided, and wall fixtures shall be recessed,

if possible.

Figure 23. Recessed obstruction.


C. Vehicular access

C.1 Principle/rationale

Accessible parking shall be designed to be safe

and convenient, for users of both wheelchairs

and pedestrians. The requirements of this

section apply to parking lots, parking structures,

underground parking, lay-bys and street parking.

Seasonal conditions shall be considered, as icy

and wet parking facilities may be treacherous.

The stall dimensions, location, construction

materials and parking meters/machines shall be

accessible. Signage is essential to encourage

access and proper use.

C.2 Existing regulations


Access to Parking Areas

The Planning Act provides a mechanism

for determining the characteristics of our

communities. Where the Planning Act requires

parking, the building code requires that a

percentage of parking spaces be designed to

allow persons using wheelchairs sufficient room

to get in and out of a vehicle. A barrier-free path

of travel shall also be provided from the parking

area to the building.

The designer must provide a properly

identified and unobstructed path of travel

from the parking area to the entrance, which

is accessible. The entrance chosen should be,

in any case, one normally used by the

occupants of the building. Long paths of

travel are not recommended.

C.3 Proposed standards

This section applies to vehicular access on the

property of City owned and operated buildings.

The City of Calgary Roads and Transportation

Planning shall be consulted for all matters

concerning public sidewalks and roads.

C.3.1 Lay-bys

Lay-bys are roadside drop-off areas, separated

from the flow of vehicular traffic and usually

located in front of buildings along busy streets.

Their main function is to allow passengers to get

in and out of vehicles safely and conveniently.

They are especially beneficial for people with

mobility limitations, seniors, persons with

strollers or those loading or unloading large or

heavy items.

Figure 24. Lay-by.

The provision of lay-bys shall be encouraged,

especially where streets are narrow or where

there is a steady flow of traffic.


Lay-bys shall be provided close to main

entrances of buildings. They shall have a

minimum width of 3,700 mm and a minimum

length of 7,600 mm.

Figure 25. Proper dimensions and design of canopy over lay-by.

A curb maintains a separation between the

lay-by and the path of travel to facilitate safety

and proper drainage.

Where lay-bys are provided, curb ramps shall

be placed in the lay-by for wheelchair access.

The curb ramp shall be designed in accordance

with Section A of these Standards.

The curb shall be a roll curb to allow an

accessibility vehicle, or an Access Calgary

vehicle, to back onto the sidewalk and then

lower its ramp to load and unload passengers.

Building entrances adjacent to lay-bys shall be

covered where possible, to provide shelter from

precipitation and to keep the sidewalk free of

snow and ice. The minimum clearance of a

covering shall be 3,000 mm from the ground.

It is recognized that it may not be reasonable to

expect lay-bys in many downtown sites where

competing interests for land may render lay-

bys non-functional or beyond reasonable cost.

In all cases, Transportation Planning is to be

consulted when designing a lay-by.

C.3.2 Layout of parking areas

Accessible parking stalls within parking

lots shall be located as close as possible

to a main accessible entrance and provide

enough space to get in and out of a vehicle

(see Section C.3.4 for proper dimensions of

parking stalls). Where operational requirements

allow, persons with disabilities shall not have to

pass behind vehicles that would normally back

out of a space.

Asphalt, concrete or firm gravel is an acceptable

parking surface. In gravel parking lots, there

shall be parking for people with disabilities

adjoining a hard surface. A paved surface shall

be provided from the designated parking stall to

the sidewalk.

Curb ramps leading from parking areas

to sidewalks shall be designed in accordance

with Section A of these Standards. In all

cases, pedestrians and people in wheelchairs

shall be directed to a safe path of travel

leading to the building, instead of forcing

them into areas designed for vehicular traffic

and water drainage.


Where pedestrians have to walk across

vehicular routes, there shall be contrast of

colour and texture.

Figure 26. Proper placement of parking stalls near entrances.

Parking blocks or wheel stops shall be set back

so vehicles do not overhang, reducing the

clear width of accessible routes. Clearances

behind wheel stops shall allow a wheelchair to

pass through. In addition, they shall be colour

contrasted from the paving material so they

are not a hazard, in particular to people with

vision loss.

A large parking lot shall be divided with

vegetation into smaller sections efficient for

snow removal, yet that provide wind protection

and control drifting snow. Landscaping shall

be designed so everyone, including people

using mobility devices, has the same degree of

visibility across the parking lot. Consideration

should be given to CPTED principles (Crime

Prevention Through Environmental Design)

when adding landscaping to a parking lot, so as

not to create unsafe situations or the ability for

people to partake in crime-related activities.

Figure 27. Proper vegetation placement to minimize the effects of the weather.


C.3.3 On-site road parking

Street parking shall also be made wheelchair

accessible, since in some areas of the city this

is the only type of parking available. However,

current City policy does not allow for mid-block

ramps. Therefore, accessible parking shall be

located at both ends of a block.

Street parking stalls for persons with disabilities

shall be located adjacent to sidewalk curb

ramps, to provide easy maneuverability and

safety from street to sidewalk. These parking

stalls shall be 4,000 mm wide, and their length

shall conform to the latest Land Use Bylaw. In

addition, a 2,000 mm access aisle shall be

painted behind or in front of the parking stall,

and the access aisle shall be centered on the

centerline of the curb ramp (depending on the

location of the curb ramp).

Figure 28. Accessible street parking stall.

Where designated parking stalls are provided

on the street, height of parking meters (or Park

Plus machines) shall be in the range of 900 to

1,100 mm. Parking meters/machines shall not

require twisting of the wrist or pinching of the

fingers to operate.

Parking meters/machines shall be placed at

either end of street parking stalls with no

obstructions in front or to the side of the coin

slot/card slot. Parking meters/machines shall be

located in a well-lit and protected area.

C.3.4 Parking stalls

An accessible parking stall shall be 4,000 mm

wide to allow space for an access aisle on either

side of the parking stall. The increased width

over the Alberta Building Code minimum

width of 3,700 mm is required to facilitate

moving from a vehicle to a wheelchair or

for the use of other mobility aids. The greater

width allows for the length of the lift of a

vehicle and the turning space of a wheelchair

user as he/she disembarks. In all cases, the

length of parking stalls shall conform to the

latest Land Use Bylaw.


Figure 29. Proper placement of parking stall near entrance.

Figure 30. Layout and dimensions of single accessible parking stalls.

If two adjacent parking spaces are designated

for people with disabilities, the total width

of both spaces shall be 7,400 mm, which

shall include a 2,000 mm wide access aisle

separating the two stalls. Therefore, each stall

will have a 2,700 mm width available for the

vehicle and 2,000 mm available for the access

aisle. The access aisle shall be clearly marked

with blue hatched lines.

Figure 31. Adjacent accessible parking stalls10.


C.3.5 Signage

Parking stalls for people with disabilities shall

be identified with the international symbol of

access and shall include the words “Permit

Required.” The international symbol of access

shall be posted on a vertical sign and the

symbol shall be painted on the ground with

blue paint to aid clear identification of the stall.

Figure 32. Proper signage for accessible parking stall.

Paint only the symbol and not the entire parking

space, as paint is slippery when wet.

If the location of designated parking stalls is

not obvious or is not visible from a distance,

directional signage shall be placed along the

route, to assist in navigation.

C.3.6 Parkades

Multi-level parkades shall provide accessible

parking stalls adjacent to an accessible

elevator on each level. Where elevators

are not provided, designated parking shall be

available at grade.

If oversized vehicles are required to drop

off passengers in the parking garage, a

minimum vertical clearance of 3,000 mm

shall be provided.

Figure 33. Clearance requirement for parkades where oversized vehicles are present.

If two adjacent parking spaces are designated

for people with disabilities, the total width

of both spaces shall be 7,400 mm, which

shall include a 2,000 mm wide access aisle

separating the two stalls. Therefore, each stall

will have a 2,700 mm width available for the

vehicle and 2,000 mm available for the access

aisle. The access aisle shall be clearly marked

with blue hatched lines.

Figure 31. Adjacent accessible parking stalls10.


D. Illumination and acoustics

D.1. Principle/rationale

Consistency in the levels of illumination is

a primary concern for people with vision

loss, since their ability to adjust from one

level to another is often slow. This is

particularly important when making the

transition from the exterior to the interior.

Appropriate illumination design includes proper

placement of light sources, appropriate day

lighting, and adequate signage11.

The minimization of ambient noise and the

reduction of layering of different sounds

improve a person’s ability to hear. In addition,

people with hearing loss rely on adequate

artificial lighting for speech reading, sign

language or informative signs. They also

require spaces to be acoustically designed so

background noises and echoes do not become

a problem12.

D.2 Existing regulations


1) An exit, a public corridor or a corridor

providing access to exit for the public or serving

patients’ sleeping rooms or classrooms shall be

equipped to provide illumination to an average

level of not less than 50 lx at floor or tread level

and at angles and intersections at changes of

level where there are stairs or ramps.

D.3 Proposed standards

D.3.1 Illumination



considered in this sub-section and others

in these Standards is L – Lighting, which is

described by Iantkow as follows:

Lighting (or perhaps more aptly phrased as

illumination, since we are referring to the

actual way an area is illuminated rather than,

necessarily, the source or type of lighting) is

a vital consideration in providing safe access/

egress and use of a structure or outdoor area.

Designers often use ‘accent lighting’ to highlight

a decision making point or a point of interest.

Even back-lit lighting is used to highlight certain

points of interest or for information purposes.

Such lighting designs are not desirable for

most people with visual impairments. Most

eye conditions require a well-distributed,

constant level of lighting. Back-lit areas or

areas where glare is present, or proceeding

from a dark lit area to a brightly lit area only

exacerbate orientation and mobility for people

with visual impairments.13


High levels of consistent illumination with

minimal glare improve a person’s ability to

see. Illumination levels shall be increased

to emphasize stairs, entrances, obstacles,

information signs and hazardous areas.

The minimum level of illumination emitted by

illuminated signs shall be 200 lx. Other signs

shall be illuminated to 100 lx.

Controls and operating mechanisms shall be

capable of being illuminated to at least a level

of 100 lx.

Lights must be controlled and directed

so they do not create glare. Light fixtures

shall be placed to prevent lamps from shining

into people’s faces; nor should light fixtures

be positioned so light reflects off highly

reflective materials.

Enhanced illumination or a greater distribution

of fixtures for outdoor areas is important to

people with vision loss. Proper outdoor lighting

helps people with hearing loss have adequate

lighting for speech reading.

Windows shall be designed and located to

prevent glare, especially in areas of circulation.

D.3.2 Acoustics

Carpets or sound-absorbing materials shall be

used to aid people with hearing loss.

Background noise can be difficult for a

hard-of-hearing person. When possible,

switches shall be installed to turn off noisy

devices such as fans.

The placement of speakers of public address

systems shall not be near crucial areas of

communication, such as over an information or

service desk.


E. Location of controls, dispensers and receptacles

E.1 Principle/rationale

Often, controls are too high, too low or too far

away for people to reach. Some controls are

difficult to grasp and turn. Design and location

of controls shall offer simple operation and

safety. Controls, including thermostats, light

switches, fire alarms and faucets, shall be

accessible to everyone.

E.2 Existing regulations



1) If the authority having jurisdiction deems it

necessary to protect children, the elderly,

or persons with disabilities or infirmities

from burns,

a) piping used to distribute service hot water

and other hot water in assembly occupancies,

care or detention occupancies and residential

occupancies shall be concealed or insulated,

and

b) except as provided by the plumbing

regulations made pursuant to the Safety Codes

Act, the temperature of the water from faucets

shall be limited to a maximum of 54ºC.

E.3 Proposed standards

E.3.1 General requirements

Controls, dispensers and receptacles

shall not require the use of two hands,

nor two simultaneous movements by one

hand or both hands to operate.

E.3.2 Safety and emergency controls

Emergency controls shall not be placed too high

for people in wheelchairs. They shall not be too

low, thereby helping to prevent children from

misusing them. Emergency controls, such as

fire alarms, shall be located with their highest

operable parts 1,200 mm above the floor

(measured to their centre line).

Figure 34. Proper height for controls.


E.3.3 Lighting fixtures

The highest operable part of light switches

and other non-emergency controls shall be

1,000 mm above the floor. Rocker switches are

preferable to toggle switches, as they are easier

to use.

E.3.4 Electrical outlets

Electrical outlets shall be mounted at a height of

600 mm, measured from the floor to the centre

line of the outlet.

E.3.5 Faucets

Automatic water taps or a lever-type faucet shall

be used for easy operation. Water temperature

shall be limited in accordance with the Alberta

Building Code 2006.

Figure 35. Proper and improper faucet varieties.


F. Building entrances, doors and doorways

F.1 Principle/rationale

Wide doorways and easy-to-open doors benefit

everyone. The passage is easier for people with

disabilities, seniors, people carrying packages

or wheeling strollers. Automatic doors and

proper hardware placement makes entrances

much easier to use.

A well-designed door is distinguished, yet

simple, offering direction and orientation to

users. Proper lighting and signage is a good

means for accommodating this requirement.

F.2 Existing regulations


1) In addition to the barrier-free entrances

required by Sentence (2), not less than 50%

of the pedestrian entrances to a building in

Sentence 3.8.1.1.(1), including walkways

leading to the entrances from a public

thoroughfare and from on site parking areas,

shall be barrier-free.

6) If an entrance is equipped with a security

system, both visual and audible signals shall be

used to indicate when the door lock is released.

Figure 36. Vestibule.


1) A door that opens into or is located within

a public corridor or other facility that provides

access to exit from a suite shall

a) Provide a clear opening of not less than

800 mm if there is only one door leaf,

b) in a doorway with multiple leaves, have the

active leaf providing a clear opening of not less

than 800 mm, and

c) Not open onto a step.


3) Except as permitted by Sentence (4), door

release hardware shall be operable by one

hand and the door shall be openable with not

more than one releasing operation. (See also

Sentence 3.8.3.3.(3))

5) Door release hardware shall be installed not

more than 1,200 mm above the finished floor.

8) Controls for the remote release of door

locking devices permitted by Sentence (6)

shall be located in an area readily available to

security personnel.



3) Door operating devices shall be of a design

which does not require tight grasping and

twisting of the wrist as the only means of

operation. (See Appendix A.)

11) A vestibule located in a barrier free path of

travel shall be arranged to allow the movement

of wheelchairs between doors and shall provide

a distance between 2 doors in series of not less

than 1,200 mm plus the width of any door that

swings into the space in the path of travel from

one door to another.

F.3 Proposed standards

F.3.1 Entrances

Entrances, particularly the main accessible

one, shall be readily distinguishable in the

facade and shall provide an easy transition into

the building. The effect of seasonal weather

conditions, such as strong winds and drifting

snow, shall be mitigated in the design of

building entrances to ensure normal operation

of doors.

When entrances must be located towards the

prevailing winds, measures to minimize the

effects shall be used, such as walls and/or

vegetation. Drainage shall be directed away

from the entrance.

Doormats with non-slip under padding ease

the transition from the outdoor environment to

interior spaces, by absorbing much of the snow,

ice and slush accumulated from winter boots

and shoes. This prevents people from slipping

on any smooth floor materials used inside.

Doormats shall not project more than 13 mm

above the floor finish.

Well-designed lighting and signage shall be

used to enhance identification of an entrance.

Where operational requirements allow,

sliding automatic doors shall be installed at

entrances and entrance vestibules in new

construction. The sliding automatic doors

shall have a safety power-fail option, that

includes a backup battery.


Figure 37. Automatic doors, signage and protection from the elements.

F.3.2 Specifications for people with vision loss

Providing adequate lighting for transitions

from the exterior to interior assists people with

vision loss, who may be slower to adjust to

the difference in levels of light. Such transition

space shall be well lit.

Door push plates shall be of a contrasting

colour or value, benefiting the visually impaired.

Plate glass doors shall be designed so people

with vision loss can readily identify them

(see Section B).

Numbers on doors shall be raised and located

between 1,200 mm and 1,800 mm for easy

reading by people with vision loss.

Figure 38. Large, bold and raised lettering labels.

Due to Building Code regulations, exit doors

must open outward, which can create a hazard

for people with vision loss, especially automatic

swing doors. To rectify this problem, such doors

shall be recessed to minimize the hazard for

people walking beside a building.

Figure 39. Recessed door.


F.3.3 Door openers and hardware

People with limited mobility, strength or

balance find doors, particularly those on the

exterior of a building, difficult, if not impossible,

to open. Automatic door openers or power-

assisted mechanisms shall be used on doors

in universal paths of travel, such as entrances,

lobbies, corridors and other major public

pedestrian thoroughfares.

Figure 40. Proper location of automatic door openers.

Manual door openers shall be mounted at a

height of 800 mm to 1,100 mm from the floor.

Although Alberta Building Code 2006 allows

a maximum height of 1,200 mm, door release

hardware shall be installed between 800 mm to

1,100 mm.

Clearance between the handle and the door

shall be a minimum of 50 mm. This will aid

those with limited hand functions and allow the

door to be opened using only one arm.

Figure 41. Proper spacing between a door and hardware.

If a door is opened remotely (as is common

in many multi-family residential buildings), a

visual and audible signal shall be used to alert

both the visitors and the occupants that the

door lock is released.

The bottom of a manual door shall have a

smooth uninterrupted kick plate to protect the

door from wheelchair footrests. A minimum

height of 300 mm is recommended.

Figure 42. Kick plate and closer requirements.


F.3.4 Doors and gates

In any set of two or more doors or gates,

whether within a building, at an entrance to

a building or completely outside, the door

opening shall alternate between right and left

hand operation. For example, if an entrance has

three doors, there shall be one set of double

doors and the third door can be hinged on

either the left or right hand side. As another

example, if there are two doors in a series, the

inner door and outer door should be hinged on

opposite sides.

This enables persons to operate the door with

one hand on the side of their choice and

avoid the need to reach across or even travel

backwards through the door. Persons with an

occupied hand, including those with a support

white cane, a guide dog and persons carrying

luggage or packages would be able to use

their free hand to open the door without the

awkwardness of having to reach across. In no

circumstance should it be necessary to use two

hands to open a door.

Doorways without a door installed in them shall

be minimum 850 mm wide.

Door width shall be not less than 920 mm.

When turnstiles or revolving doors are provided,

a swing door with an automatic door control

shall be placed immediately to one side of the

revolving door or turnstile, for easy access by

people with disabilities.

Automatic doors shall have a master control that

can control the door closers, keeping the door

open for a minimum of eight seconds, with the

door held at an angle of between 70 and 90

degrees. As well, the master control allows the

door to reverse when closing if an object stops

the door.

Figure 43. Door closer requirements and requirements for doors at the top of a ramp.


G. Ramps

G.1 Principle/rationale

For changes in levels, ramps are essential in

providing an easier and often safer means of

travel for people who are unable to use stairs.

The slope, width and length of a ramp shall be

manageable. Signage, tactile cues, protection

from the elements and proper landings also

help increase comfort for those using the ramp.

G.2 Existing regulations


G.3 Proposed standards

G.3.1 General requirements

Ramps to buildings must be on private property,

outside of the road right-of-way. Any heating

systems must also be on private property and

privately maintained.

Changes in levels shall be limited, as slopes

require greater physical exertion and skill from

people with disabilities. If ramps are too steep

or too long, they become obstacles. Slopes

between 1:25 (four per cent) to 1:20 (five per

cent) are recommended.

The minimum clear width of a ramp shall be

950 mm between handrails.

Where passing of wheelchairs is likely to occur

frequently, the options are:

(a) To widen the ramp to 1,800 mm.

(b) To widen the rest areas to 1,800 mm.

Figure 44. Proper ramp design.

Ramps shall have level landings at the top and

bottom of each run and where they change

direction. The landings shall be at least as

wide as the widest ramp run leading to them

and have a length not less than 1,500 mm.

The 1,500 mm accommodates the length of a

wheelchair as it negotiates a corner.


Figure 45. Ramp design.

Visual and textural cues at the top and bottom

of the ramp shall be provided for people

with vision loss. Non-glare and slip-resistant

materials shall be used on the ramp surface.

The maximum cross slope of ramp surfaces shall

be 1:50 (two per cent).

If a ramp needs to be longer than 18 m, a

mechanical means of travel shall be considered.

G.3.2 Exterior ramps

Exterior ramps shall be protected from rain,

snow and ice, or maintained free of snow and

ice through regular maintenance or appropriate

subsurface heating and drainage systems.


H. Stairs

H.1 Principle/rationale

Some ambulatory people with balance

problems or vision loss find stairs easier to use

than ramps. It is important the rise and run be

designed so the stairs are not overly strenuous

or create a hazard. Increased illumination,

colour contrast, uniformly patterned materials,

signage and other warning indicators can be

used to enhance safety.

Figure 46. Stairs are occasionally preferred to ramps by people with disabilities.

H.2 Existing regulations


4) In a barrier-free path of travel, a downward

change in elevation shall be signaled by the use

of a 600 mm wide tactile warning strip placed

250 mm from the edge and for the full width

of a stair, escalator, moving walkway, ramp

or platform and identified using colour and

brightness contrast.

Figure 47. Cane detectable warning indicators for stairs.


1) The surfaces of ramps, and landings and

treads a) shall have a finish that is slip resistant,

and b) if accessible to the public, shall have

either a colour contrast or a distinctive pattern

to demarcate the leading edge of the tread and

the leading edge of the landing, as well as the

beginning and end of a ramp.

2) Treads and landings of exterior exit stairs

more than 10 m high shall be designed to be

free of ice and snow accumulations.

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.2

1) Except as permitted by Sentence 3.3.2.13.(1),

every flight of interior stairs shall have not less

than 3 risers.



1) In a Group A, Division 2 occupancy used

for the serving of food and beverages, an

interior flight of stairs with fewer than 3 risers is

permitted provided it

a) is not less than 900 mm wide,

b) is illuminated at all times that occupants are

on the premises, and

c) has a handrail on each side.


2) The length and width of landings shall be at

least the width of stairways in which they occur,

except that in a straight run the length of a

landing need not be more than 1,100 mm.

3) Where a doorway or stairway empties onto a

ramp through a side wall, there shall be a level

area extending across the full width of the ramp,

and for a distance of 300 mm on either side of

the wall opening, excepting one side when it

abuts on an end wall.

4) Where a door or stairway empties onto a

ramp through an end wall, there shall be a level

area extending across the full width of the ramp

and along its length for not less than 900 mm.


3) Treads and risers in every exit stair, except a

fire escape stair, shall have uniform run and rise

in any one flight, and shall not alter significantly

in run and rise in successive flights in any stair

system. (See Appendix A.)

4) The leading edge of a stair tread shall have

either a radius or a bevel between 6 mm and

10 mm in horizontal dimension.

5) The front edge of stair treads in exits and

public access to exits shall be at right angles to

the direction of exit travel.

Figure 48. Proper dimensions for stairs.

H.3 Proposed standards

H.3.1 General requirements

A flight of stairs shall have uniform dimensions

and no open risers.

Nosings shall not have projecting undersides,

and shall be beveled if extending more than

25 mm, to prevent catching a toe. Nosings shall

be beveled not more than 60º with respect to

the tread surface. This ensures the tread edge is

more clearly visible in descent.

Nosings on interior/exterior stairs shall be a

contrasting colour to aid people with vision loss.


Isolated steps shall be avoided, since

they are often difficult for people with

vision loss to detect and act as a barrier to

people in wheelchairs.

Illumination shall be positioned to minimize

glare and shadow.

A barrier shall be used to prevent access to

areas under a cantilevered or overhung staircase.

Figure 49. Avoid overhanging stairs.

H.3.2 Interior stairs

Heavily patterned carpets or tiles shall not be

used on stairs as they create figure-ground

confusion and obscure the definition of the

tread nosing.

H.3.3 Exterior stairs

Stairs shall be protected from climatic variations

or maintained free of snow and ice. Stairs shall

not be shaded by vegetation or other elements

that prevent snow and ice from melting.


J. Handrails and guards

J.1 Principle/rationale

Handrails are important features in barrier-free

access. They shall be easy to grasp and provide

a firm and comfortable grip. People with

vision loss use handrails as guides; those with

mobility impairments use them for leverage to

get up ramps and the semi-ambulatory rely on

handrails for balance. It is important handrails

be placed at a safe and convenient height for

everyone. Enhance ease of use by incorporating

colour contrast and uniformity.

Figure 50. Proper handrails used for guidance.

J.2 Existing regulations


1) A stairway shall have a handrail on at least

one side, but if it is 1,100 mm or more wide, it

shall have handrails on both sides.

2) If the required width of a ramp or flight

of stairs is more than 2,200 mm, one or

more intermediate handrails continuous

between landings shall be provided, and

located so that there will be not more than

1,650 mm between handrails.

3) Handrails shall be continuously graspable

along their entire length and shall have

a) a circular cross-section with an outside

diameter not less than 30 mm and not more

than 43 mm, or

b) a non-circular cross-section with a graspable

portion that has a perimeter not less than 100

mm and not more than 125 mm and whose

largest cross-sectional dimension is not more

than 45 mm.

4) Handrails on stairs and ramps shall be not

less than 865 mm and not more than 965 mm

high, measured vertically from a line drawn

through the outside edges of the stair nosing

or from the surface of the ramp, except that

handrails not meeting these requirements are

permitted provided they are installed in addition

to the required handrail.

5) Except where interrupted by doorways or

newels at changes in direction, at least one

handrail shall be continuous throughout the

length of a stairway or ramp, including landings.

(See Appendix A.)


6) Handrails shall be terminated in a manner

that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create

a hazard. (See A-3.4.6.4.(5) in Appendix A.)

7) At least one handrail at the side of a

stairway or ramp shall extend horizontally

not less than 300 mm beyond the top

and bottom of the stairway or ramp.

(See A-3.4.6.4.(5) in Appendix A.)

8) The clearance between a handrail and any

surface behind it shall be not less than

a) 50 mm, or

b) 60 mm if the surface behind the handrail is

rough or abrasive.

9) Handrails and their supports shall be

designed and constructed to withstand

the loading values obtained from the non-

concurrent application of

a) a concentrated load not less than 0.9 kN

applied at any point and in any direction for all

handrails, and

b) a uniform load not less than 0.7 kN/m

applied in any direction to handrails not located

within dwelling units.

10) A ramp shall have handrails on both sides.”

J.3 Proposed standards

In all cases, handrails shall be located on both

sides of a ramp or stairway.

The outside diameter or width of a handrail

shall be 30 mm to 43 mm, to allow those with

limited hand function to grasp it firmly. In

addition, the smaller dimension enables people

wearing gloves in winter to grasp the handrail

firmly, with ease. A gap of at least 50 mm shall

distance the handrail from the wall.

In stairwells, especially exits, tactile cues

(e.g., several notches or a rough texture) shall

be placed on the inside for the last 300 mm

on both ends of the handrail as a signal to

inform persons with vision loss that they are

approaching the last step. A consistent system

of tactile indicators shall be located on or near

the handrail at the top and bottom of stairs and

ramps to indicate ascent and descent.

All handrails shall contrast from their

surroundings through colour or brightness.

Figure 51. Proper and improper handrail shape and dimensions.


K. Elevators

K.1 Principle/rationale

An elevator is vital to a non-ambulatory person,

because it often provides the only form of

access to different levels of a building. A poorly

designed elevator can be as much of a barrier

as stairs. An elevator car must be large enough

to accommodate people with disabilities.

Signage and controls in the elevator lobby and

in the car itself have a profound impact on the

accessibility of an elevator. Visual and audio

indicators are also critical to those with vision

and hearing loss.

Figure 52. Well-designed elevator.

K.2 Existing regulations

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.5

K.3 Proposed standards

K.3.1 General requirements

All passenger elevators shall be accessible to

people with disabilities.

The size of an elevator car must conform to the

Alberta Building Code 2006 requirements. A

code-compliant elevator is large enough in the

length dimension, but is too small in the width

dimension to accommodate the turning around

of a wheelchair.

Figure 53. An elevator car with dimensions allowing the turning around of a wheelchair.


Verbal announcements identifying the floor

level and the direction of travel shall be

installed for people with vision loss and for

those who cannot see the floor indicator at the

back of a crowded elevator. Where practical,

control buttons shall be installed on both sides

of the elevator door inside the elevator.

Figure 54. Proper elevator car dimensions.

K.3.2 Elevator lobbies

The minimum space in front of elevator doors

shall be 1,500 mm.

Doors on elevators shall start to close after eight

seconds from the fully open position.

Call buttons shall be located on each wall

between elevators and shall be easily

identifiable by colour contrast and raised

symbols. The call buttons shall protrude to

enable a user to push with any part of the hand.

No obstructions shall be placed under elevator

call buttons.

Tactile signage in the form of larger Arabic

numerals and letters shall also be affixed

at a height of 1,200 mm above the floor on

both sides of the door opening within the

elevator lobby.

Figure 55. Proper signage.

Arrival of an elevator shall be indicated by a

verbal announcement or a clear audible and

visual signal located within the elevator lobby

near the door of the arriving car.


Figure 56. Proper design of elevator lobbies.

K.3.3 Floor registration buttons

Floor registration buttons shall be raised, since

flush or recessed buttons are difficult to activate

by people with vision loss or with limited

manual dexterity.

Floor registration buttons within the car shall

be clearly marked with tactile signage in the

form of raised Arabic numerals and letters and,

if there is room, Braille signage shall be added.

There shall be a colour contrast between the

floor registration buttons and the background.

Figure 57. Proper placement of controls.

K.3.4 Exterior elevators

Exterior elevators, if provided, shall be oriented

away from the prevailing winds to keep the

car free of snow, rain and debris. Waiting

areas shall be sheltered, positively drained

and well lit.

Glass walls shall be installed to enhance

security by increasing visibility.


L. Public washrooms

L.1 Principle/rationale

It is important that washrooms are available

to serve the needs of people with disabilities.

Every floor serviced by an elevator shall have

an accessible washroom that is easily located

and clearly marked. Accessible washrooms

shall include hardware that is operable by

all, appropriate fixture type and location, and

adequate dimensions. An accessible washroom

shall be safe and, where possible, connected by

a call system to support staff.

L.2 Existing regulations

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.2.3. and

3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.13.

L.3 Proposed standards

L.3.1 Washroom entrances

The entrances to washrooms are often difficult,

if not impossible, for people with disabilities

to use, especially when there are vestibules

with two doors. Therefore, it is important to

either eliminate the doors or provide only one

entry door to a washroom. Washrooms that are

designed so doors are not required to prevent

viewing by passersby are considered ideal.

Entrances with an L-configuration shall have

a minimum depth of 1,200 mm to allow a

wheelchair to turn the corner easily. However,

L-shaped entrances shall be as wide as possible.

Figure 58. Proper design of a washroom entrance.

L.3.2 Water closet stalls

Water closet stall doors shall have a clear

opening of 800 mm and swing out of the

stall. Water closet stalls or enclosure doors

shall be equipped with locking devices that

do not require pinching of the fingers or

twisting of the wrist to operate. The doors shall

also be equipped with a hinge that slowly

closes the door.

Water closet stalls shall have a clear

unobstructed space from the water closet

bowl to the door of at least 1,500 mm wide

by 1,500 mm deep. This will allow for easy

maneuverability of the wheelchair when in

the stall. A clear turning radius of 2,250 mm is

preferred (but not required) to accommodate

people in power wheelchairs.


Figure 59: Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

L.3.3 Washroom fixtures

In washrooms, dispensers and receptacles

shall be mounted with their highest operable

parts above the floor surface within the

following ranges:

(a) Paper towel dispensers/hand dryers:

1,100 mm to 1,200 mm.

(b) Soap dispensers: 900 mm to 1,000 mm and

within 500 mm forward grasp reach.

(c) Toilet paper dispensers: 750 mm to 850 mm.

(d) Toilet seat cover dispensers: 900 mm to

1,000 mm.

(e) Waste receptacles: 900 mm to 1,000 mm.

(f) Grab bars as outlined in ABC 2006,

3.8.3.8 (2).

A coat hook shall be mounted on a solid wall.

All washroom fixtures shall be installed for

safety and ease of use.

A toilet paper dispenser shall be within reach. It

shall be located so that its operable part is not

less than 460 – 480 mm from an adjacent wall

to the centerline of a water closet.

Figure 60. Proper location of fixtures.


An automatic or single-function towel dispenser

(requiring only one hand and only one movement

to release the towel) is recommended.

Figure 61. Properly placed grab bars.

L.3.4 Lavatory knee space

To maximize knee space below the lavatory,

“P” traps in drain lines shall be offset

horizontally so that a minimum of 280 mm is

provided from the front of the counter to the

face of the “P” trap. The bottom of the counter

shall be 735 mm to 800 mm from the floor.

Figure 62. Proper knee clearance beneath sink.

L.3.5 Universal washrooms

The requirements of Alberta Building Code

2006, section 3.8.2.3(3) indicates a universal

washroom is not required “in the entrance story

if a barrier free path of travel is provided to a

universal water closet elsewhere.”

However, it shall be made as easy as possible

for people with vision loss or mobility

impairments to locate and travel to a washroom.

A universal male/female washroom shall be

located in all buildings not far from the main

entrance on the main floor.


Figure 63. Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

Where buildings are staffed with full-time

security, call buttons or pressable call strips

shall be installed in all universal washrooms,

in case a washroom user falls or encounters

some other circumstance that would require

assistance. Where call buttons are installed,

they shall be installed on the same wall as the

side grab bar and, where pressable strips are

installed, they shall be placed on the same

walls as the grab bars.

Universal washrooms are valuable to mothers

with young children, and a counter shall be

provided with sufficient space to change an

infant’s diaper.


M. Recreational and cultural centres

M.1 Principle/rationale

Facilities designed and constructed to meet

accessibility standards enable people with

disabilities to take an active part in community

life. Proper design of recreational and cultural

facilities encourages healthy lifestyles and

educational development.

Not all recreational areas need to be completely

barrier-free. A diversity of accessibility within

a single recreational area enhances everyone’s

opportunity to enjoy the outdoors, without

“segregation by disability.”

M.2 Existing regulations




Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.16. (1)

Alberta building Code 2006 3.8.3.13

M.3 Proposed standards

M.3.1 Swimming pools

Accessible swimming pools can be essential

for people with disabilities, who may rely

on aquatic activities as a form of rehabilitation

or exercise.

There shall be a ramp and stairs with handrails

on both sides located at the shallow end of

the pool.

Figure 64. Proper ramps are the best entrance into swimming pools.

Stairs, rather than ladders, shall be provided

whenever possible, since stairs are more

easily negotiated and can be used to sit upon

if wide enough.

Figure 65. Where ramps are not feasible, stairs are preferred to ladders.


Power hoists shall be provided to assist people

in wheelchairs with exiting and entering the

pool. Power hoists are beneficial, since ramps

can be difficult for some people with disabilities

to use.

Figure 66. Power hoist into swimming pool.

Pool depths, along with shallow end and

deep end, shall be indicated with signage that

features contrasting colour and texture.

M.3.2 Ice rinks and exercise areas

Ice rinks shall be designed with the

consideration of sports played by people with

disabilities, such as sledge hockey, and for

spectators who may also be disabled. Player

benches and penalty boxes shall have Plexiglas

in front for viewing. The player benches must

have two doors 910 mm wide to allow for easy

egress and access.14

Figure 67. Proper dimensions and materials for an ice rink.

Seating and handrails shall be available near

the entrance/exit of an ice rink. Level access

shall be provided to ice rinks and exercise areas.

Exercise areas shall include handrails and/

or wheelchair clearance to some equipment

to facilitate transfer to and from exercise

equipment. Raised tactile signage shall be

included to help identify different types of

equipment for people with vision loss. Raised

exercise platforms shall be available as an

alternative to stretching on the floor for people

in wheelchairs or the elderly.


Figure 68. Raised exercise platform.

M.3.3 Exhibits

Exhibition areas shall also be barrier-free, or

an alternative method of interpreting the

message shall be provided, such as audio-visual

presentations, large print text or tactile signage.

Important artifacts, labels and graphics shall

be placed at an elevation that makes viewing

comfortable for all visitors. Table displays

shall be located between 1,000 mm to 1,200

mm above the ground level. Wall-mounted

displays shall be located between 1,200 mm

to 1,500 mm above the ground level. Labels on

horizontal surfaces shall be tilted to allow for

better viewing.

Figure 69. Proper placement of displays.

Lighting fixtures shall be designed and placed

to minimize glare and reflection.

M.3.4 Drinking fountains

Drinking fountains shall extend within a

maximum distance of 200 mm above the floor,

with front panel sloping 50 mm to 90 mm

inwards. This will allow a close side approach

for wheelchairs, and will not be hazardous for

people with vision loss when using a cane.

Figure 70. Drinking fountain suitable for people with disabilities.


The height of the waterspout shall be between

780 mm to 915 mm. The operation control shall

be a push button or a lever-type control.

Figure 71. Universally designed drinking fountain for people who are standing and people who are in wheelchairs.

M.3.5 Shower fixtures

A diverter mechanism on the hand-held shower

shall be provided to protect people with

disabilities against misdirection of spray.

A shelf for storing soap, sponges and brushes

shall be provided at 850 mm above floor level.

Figure 72. Water temperature control.

M.3.6 Common showers

Common showers shall have beveled

thresholds no more than 13 mm in

height allowing wheelchairs to pass

over with minimal hindrance.

A shower wheelchair shall be provided

for use in the shower room.

A flexible hand-held shower sprayer shall

be provided.

The slope of shower room floor to drain shall

be 1:20 (five per cent).


Figure 73. Proper shower dimensions.

M.3.7 Individual change/shower rooms

Similar to individual washrooms, provision of

individual change/shower rooms for people

with disabilities allows family members or

caregivers of the opposite gender to provide

assistance without inconveniencing themselves

or other patrons.

Individual change rooms shall include an

elevated changing platform 1,500 mm wide

x 1,800 mm long x 480 mm high. The change

rooms are to include a 1,500 mm turning radius,

grab bars, coat hooks and shelving at a height

of 1,000 mm above the finished floor. A clear

turning radius of 2,250 mm is preferred

(but not required) to accommodate people

in power wheelchairs.

Figure 74. Proper dimensions for change rooms and showers.


N. Public facilities

N.1 Principle/rationale

People with disabilities must attend to day-

to-day business, such as banking, community

meetings and registering for recreational or

educational programs. The excessive height

of countertops can make these tasks difficult.

Therefore, an area for people in wheelchairs

to conduct their business with privacy at a

convenient height and with adequate knee

space shall be provided.

People with disabilities, like most people, enjoy

going to plays, movies and sporting events.

However, this is often impossible because of the

lack of available seating.

N.2 Existing regulations



N.3 Proposed standards

N.3.1 Counters

CAN/CSA-B651-04 recommends the same

counter dimensions as the Alberta Building

Code 2006, but also includes a minimum

clear floor space of not less than 750 mm x

1,200 mm in front of a counter or work surface.

However, the recommended and preferred

knee space beneath universal counters intended

to be used as work surfaces shall be 720 mm

to 800 mm high.

Figure 75. Dimension requirements for counters.

Counters shall be cane detectable and

colour/brightness contrasted from their

surroundings and surfaces shall have a

non-glare, matte finish.

To prevent conflict between wheelchair

access and cane detection, a border with

contrasting colour and brightness and a

tactile warning surface shall be laid into

the floor near the counter. This can be used

as an indicator for people with vision loss

approaching a service counter.

Where a glass partition separates customers

from the service personnel, there shall

be an adequate speaker system to

facilitate communication.


Figure 76. Cafeteria counter.

N.3.2 Cafeterias

The height of counters for conveying trays shall

be a maximum of 865 mm high.

The maximum distance to any liquid dispenser

shall be within reach limitations of wheelchair

users unless employees are behind the cafeteria

line at all times.

Food shall be located a maximum of 450 mm

from the edge of the counter.

Figure 77. Proper dimensions for cafeteria counters.

N.3.3 Assembly seating in public facilities

Designated wheelchair spaces shall be

spread over different areas in a seating

space, to avoid secluding people using

wheelchairs to one location.

Figure 78. Accessible seating shall be distributed throughout the seating area.


Spaces provided for persons in wheelchairs

shall provide sightlines equal to those provided

for the majority of the audience.

It is recommended that the number of spaces

required for people using wheelchairs in

Alberta Building Code 2006, Table 3.8.2.1,

be increased by at least two per number of

fixed seats to accommodate an increase in the

population of people using wheelchairs, which

is anticipated in the future.

Preferred designated wheelchair spaces

Number of fixed seats in seating area

Number of spaces required for wheelchairs

2 – 100 4

101 – 200 5

201 – 300 6

301 – 400 7

401 – 500 8

501 – 900 9

901 – 1,300 10

1,301 – 1,700 11

Each increment of up to 400 seats in excess of 1,700

Two additional spaces

Table 1. Required accessible seating.

Spaces for persons in wheelchairs shall be level,

and the path of travel to them shall meet the

requirements of Section B of these Standards.

Removable chairs can be installed in public

facilities to accommodate people using

wheelchairs, without loss of revenue to

the owner. If there is no need for these

wheelchair spaces, the seats can be replaced

for general use.

Figure 79. Standard seats can be made removable to accommodate accessible seating.

Seats shall be provided for persons with

orthotics or prostheses. The space for accessible

seating shall be wide enough to allow people

to maneuver from the side, front or behind with

their mobility devices.

Meeting rooms shall be designed so all

members of the audience have clear sightlines

to the speaker. Further, the design must limit

placement of speakers in front of a window15.


N.3.4 Permanent barriers

If posts are installed as a crowd control measure,

at least one post shall be removable and shall

be identified with the international symbol of

accessibility. If not, an alternative passageway,

such as a gate similarly marked, shall be

available for access.

Bollards shall be placed to minimize

obstruction to pedestrian flow. The minimum

clearance between bollards shall be 1,200 mm.

The minimum height shall be 600 mm, and

they shall colour contrast from the surrounding

paving to be more visible.

Chains, cables or ropes are not recommended

as permanent or temporary barriers unless they

are easily visible. They shall be placed at a

height of no more than 250 mm and no lower

than 150 mm, so they are detectable by visually

impaired people.

Figure 80. Required dimensions for permanent barriers.


P. Parks, pathways and playgrounds

P.1 Principle/rationale

Parks and playgrounds that are accessible

provide an opportunity for people with

disabilities to have access to the outdoors and

to take an active part in community life. All

pathways in parks shall be accessible and shall

be designed to be safe and protected from the

elements. Playground equipment and outdoor

furniture shall not become barriers for people

with disabilities.

P.2 Existing regulations


P.3 Proposed Standards

P.3.1 General requirements

Parks and playgrounds shall be accessible

from surrounding communities and include a

continuous, accessible walkway throughout.

Figure 81. Proper rest areas along pathways.

The physical organization of a park or

playground shall be simple and readily

comprehensible by those with vision loss, who

may rely on cognitive mapping for orientation.

Fences, earth berms or other similar structures

used to define a space or give direction shall

not be higher than 1,000 mm. This will allow a

person in a wheelchair to see over them.

Signs pointing out areas of interest or possible

hazards shall have raised characters in colours

that contrast with the background. The sign

surface shall be 1,000 mm to 1,200 mm from

the ground, tilted and well lit.

Protected rest areas shall be provided at regular

intervals (every 30 m) along any walk system.

These areas shall be placed closer together

where the gradient is greater than

1:12 (eight per cent) due to existing

geographical conditions. Where appropriate,

rest areas shall be heated for inclement

weather conditions. Limit heated rest areas

to locations with high volumes of pedestrian

traffic, to prevent use of secluded spaces by

unwanted visitors.

Plant materials shall be used to minimize the

adverse effects of the weather, such as wind,

glare and temperature. Plants shall be regularly

pruned to avoid becoming a hazard.


Figure 82. Protection from the elements.

P.3.2 Pathways

Pathways shall have a hard-packed

surface, complementing the park

and surrounding aesthetics.

Figure 83. Proper pathways.

Pathways shall follow the contours of the land,

with their edges clearly defining the route.

They shall have firm bases, and unprotected

joints shall not exceed 13 mm in width. This

will make travelling easier for people using

wheelchairs. Paths shall also have positive

drainage and good illumination.

Pathways shall be designed to drain water to

avoid puddles and ice buildup. They shall also

be maintained clear of snow and ice in winter.

P.3.3 Posts and maze gates

Devices such as posts or maze gates designed

to prevent vehicular access shall not prevent

access to people with disabilities. Posts shall

have a minimum clearance of 1,200 mm.

Maze gates shall have a minimum offset

of 1,200 mm and a minimum spacing of

1,500 mm to allow the passage of wheelchairs,

as well as adapted or tandem bicycles used by

persons with physical disabilities or vision loss.

Figure 84. Proper dimensions and placement of maze gates.


P.3.4 Benches

Benches with arm and backrests shall be

placed adjacent to an accessible route. The seat

height shall be between 450 mm to 500 mm

from the ground. Armrests shall be mounted

200 mm above the height of the seat pan. To

accommodate a wheelchair, there shall be an

adjacent, level and firm ground surface at least

850 mm x 1,200 mm.

Figure 85. Flat area and proper height for a rest area bench.

Heel space is also necessary to make rising

from a seated position easier.

Seat surfaces shall be pitched to shed water,

but not drain out on to walking surfaces where

surface water or ice may create a hazard.

Seat surfaces and vertical supports shall

be designed to avoid accumulating snow

and debris.

Benches shall colour contrast from the

surrounding area so persons with vision loss

can see them.

P.3.5 Picnic tables

Picnic tables shall be placed adjacent to an

accessible route on a level, firm ground surface.

The knee space under the table shall be at least

750 mm wide x 500 mm deep x 760 mm high.

Figure 86. Requirements for an accessible picnic table.

Table and seat surfaces shall be designed to

shed water and kept free of snow and debris.

P.3.6 Trash containers

Trash containers shall be placed adjacent to, but

not obstruct, the walkway.

Trash container designs shall be easy to use, and

shed rain and snow. They shall be operable with

one hand.

The maximum height of the opening shall

be 900 mm.


P.3.7 Children’s play spaces

Children’s play spaces and equipment shall

be designed in accordance with CAN/

CSA-Z614-07, Annex H, Children’s Playspaces

and Equipment that are Accessible to People

with Disabilities. The Standard shall be

consulted for exact details; however, the general

design requirements are outlined below.

Generally, children’s play spaces shall contain

an appropriate mixture of ground level and

elevated play components, which provide

play opportunities for all children. Ground

level play components include spring rockers,

swings, stand-alone slides and diggers, while

elevated play components include composite

play structures that may have slides, climbing

apparatus and other play components, which

can be approached from either the ground level

or from an elevated platform.

The appropriate number of ground level and

elevated play components shall be located on

an accessible route. The accessible route shall

meet the width, overhead clearance, slope

and handrail requirements of the Standard

referenced above and shall connect each child

with the maneuvering spaces and clear ground

spaces that are necessary for the child to access

or transfer to the various play components.

The material used on the ground surface of the

accessible route shall meet the requirements

of the Standard referenced above. At time of

printing, the requirements are that the ground

surface must meet ASTM F1951, Surface

Accessibility Test. Examples of commercially

available products that meet the ASTM F1951

standard are poured-in-place rubber, synthetic

grass carpets and resilient rubber tiles.


Q. Patios

Q.1 Principle/rationale

Patio seating and the associated opportunities

for socializing shall be accessible by all.

Public patios can become quite congested

in the summer, so it is important to provide

appropriate clearances. Exterior patios and

public balconies shall be accessible from the

interior and the adjacent exterior path of travel.

Design features, such as the ground surface and

tables, shall consider the needs of people with

disabilities.

Q.2 Existing regulations

There are no existing regulations for patios, but

the following Standards for City facilities shall

be followed.

Q.3 Proposed standards

The width of the entrance to and from the

balcony or patio shall be in conformance with

Section A and B of these Standards.

A minimum clear turning radius of 1,500 mm

shall be provided on the balcony/patio to grant

a person in a wheelchair the ability to change

directions. A clear turning radius of 2,250 mm

is preferred (but not required) to accommodate

people in power wheelchairs. At least one

eating surface shall be at a height of 720 mm

to 865 mm under the tabletop, with a clear

minimum depth of 350 mm under the table for

knee space.

Ground surfaces shall be firm and slip resistant.

If wood planks are used on the ground surface,

then the wood shall be placed perpendicular to

the main path of travel and the space between

each wood plank shall not exceed 13 mm.

Planters hanging over guardrails can obstruct

adjacent paths of travel. Planter boxes shall not

hang lower than 1,980 mm from the ground, or

shall hang on the interior of the balcony/patio.

Figure 87. Proper layout and dimensions of an accessible patio.


R. Emergency egress, alarms and warning surfaces

R.1 Principle/rationale

The incorporation of barrier-free principles in the regulations governing safety and egress benefits everyone, particularly in an emergency. It is essential that everyone, including people with hearing or vision loss, receive the same emergency warnings and that people with physical disabilities are able to evacuate a building safely and quickly. As additional assistance from emergency responders may be required, areas of refuge shall be incorporated into the design as an extra safety measure.

Detectable warning surfaces identify hazards, such as changes in grade, for people with vision loss. A uniform system is essential for easy and immediate comprehension.

R.2 Existing regulations


4) In a building or portion thereof intended for use primarily by persons with hearing impairment, visual signal devices shall be installed in addition to audible signal devices.


1) Audible signal devices forming part of a fire alarm system shall be installed in a building so that alert signals and alarm signals are clearly audible throughout the floor area in which they are installed.


1) Visual signal devices required by Sentences 3.2.4.17.(4) and 3.2.4.18.(7) and (8) shall be installed so that the signal from at least one device is visible throughout the floor area or portion thereof in which they are installed. (See Appendix A.)

2) Visual signal devices shall conform to ULC-S526, “Visible Signal Devices for Fire Alarm Systems.”

3) A visual signal device shall be installed in close proximity to each required audible signal appliance.

Alberta Building Code 2006 (A)3.2.4.19.

ULC-S526, “Visible Signal Devices for Fire Alarm Systems,” published by Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada, applies to visual signaling units. This document is referenced by the most recent standard for the installation of fire alarm systems and would automatically apply. Current Canadian technology does not integrate visual and audible alarms to have the same temporal pattern. Visual and audible alarms should have as close a temporal pattern as possible but without interference beats that might have a deleterious effect on some persons. Visual signaling devices with the same temporal pattern as required for audible devices are available from some sources and they should become available in Canada. Not all units that comply with the ULC standard will have sufficient power to adequately cover large areas; care will have to be taken to specify units with adequate power when large spaces

are being designed.



1) Every floor area above or below the first

storey that is not sprinklered throughout and

that has a barrier-free path of travel shall

a) be served by an elevator

i) conforming to Sentences 3.2.6.5.(4) to

(6), and

ii) protected against fire in conformance with

Clauses 3.2.6.5.(5)(b) or (c),

b) be divided into at least 2 zones by fire

separations conforming to Sentences (2), (3)

and (4) so that

i) persons with physical disabilities can be

accommodated in each zone, and

ii) the travel distance from any point in one

zone to a doorway leading to another zone shall

be not more than the value for travel distance

permitted by Sentence 3.4.2.5.(1) for the

occupancy classification of the zone,

c) have an exterior exit at ground level, or

d) have a ramp leading to ground level.

(See Appendix A.)

4) In a barrier-free path of travel a downward

change in elevation shall be signaled by the use

of a 600 mm wide tactile warning strip placed

250 mm from the edge and for the full width

of a stair, escalator, moving walkway, ramp

or platform and identified using colour and

brightness contrast.

Alberta Building Code 2006 A-3.3.1.7. (1)

1) These measures are intended to provide

temporary refuge for persons with disabilities. It

is acknowledged, however, that the measures

cannot provide absolute safety for all occupants

in the fire area. It therefore, may be necessary

to develop special arrangements in the fire

safety plan to evacuate persons with disabilities

from these areas. Details for suitable plans are

contained in the Alberta Fire code.

The protected elevator referred to in Clause

3.3.1.7.(1)(a) is intended to be used by fire

fighters as a means for evacuating persons with

disabilities. It is not intended that this elevator

be used by persons with disabilities as a means

of egress without the assistance of fire fighters.

If an estimate is to be made of the number of

persons with disabilities in a floor area who

can be accommodated in each zone in Clause

3.3.1.7.(1)(b), this estimate may be based on

Table 3.8.2.1., which is used to determine the

minimum number of spaces to be provided for

wheelchair occupants in fixed seating areas. If

more precise information is available, it should

be used for sizing the zones.


3) Exits shall be located and arranged so

that they are clearly visible or their locations

are clearly indicated and they are accessible at

all times.



1) The floor area on each side of a horizontal

exit shall be sufficient to accommodate the

occupants of both floor areas, allowing not

less than 0.5 m² of clear floor space per person,

except that 1.5 m² shall be provided for each

person in a wheelchair and 2.5 m² for each

bedridden patient.

3) In a horizontal exit where there is a

difference in level between the connected floor

areas, gradients not exceeding those specified

for ramps in Article 3.4.6.6. are permitted to

be used.

4) No stairs or steps shall be used in a

horizontal exit.


2) No exit door shall open directly onto a step

except that, where there is danger of blockage

from ice or snow, an exit door is permitted to

open onto not more than one step which shall

be not more than 150 mm high.

3) Exit doors shall be clearly identifiable. (See

Appendix A.)


3) Except as required by Sentence 3.8.3.3.(7),

every exit door shall be designed and installed

so that, when the latch is released, the door will

open under a force of not more than

90 N applied at the knob or other latch

releasing device.

R.3. Proposed standards

R.3.1 Emergency evacuation

Emergency evacuation requirements rely on

the minimum standards of egress and suitable

operational procedures, such as the buddy

system. People with disabilities must arrange

in advance with co-workers or neighbours for

assistance. It is important that exits and pull

stations are easily located and that emergency

procedures are clear.

R.3.2 Visual fire alarm signal devices

Visual signal appliances shall be installed to

enhance the fire alarm system as a reliable

system for people with hearing loss who may

not be able to hear audible alarms.

Visual alarms shall include lights that flash

at a frequency of approximately 1 Hz in

conjunction with the audible emergency alarms.

They shall be significantly brighter than the

ambient light.

The Epilepsy Society indicates that a flash

rate less than 3 Hz poses no danger to

undiagnosed epileptics.

There shall be a tactile strip, such as a decal,

beside or preferably below the handle of an exit

door to identify it clearly as the exit door

to people with vision loss. This is also beneficial

if the area is full of smoke and the exit sign is

not visible.


R.3.3 Detectable warning surfaces

Detectable warning surfaces are not commonly

used. Further research is required to achieve a

higher level of standardization and effectiveness.

A tactile warning system shall be limited in

its application to specific design elements to

prevent diverse individual interpretations and

usages of such an important warning system. All

detectable warning surfaces in a building must

be consistent in placement, materials used and

the warning message they convey to people

with vision loss.

A detectable surface that is consistent shall be

used at every emergency exit location on the

ground surface.

CAN/CSA-B651-04 requires that detectable

warning strips on walking surfaces shall be

at least 900 mm long, which is preferred to

the 600 mm required by the Alberta Building

Code. The 900 mm detectable warning surface

increases the likelihood that a person will

detect it regardless of stride length.

A detectable warning surface shall consistently

present detectable differences in resiliency,

texture, colour/brightness contrast and sound

in order to be discernible to a maximum

number of people with visual loss. The textural

difference shall be sufficient to enable easy

detection under foot or a long cane tip.

Figure 88. Detectable warning strips on stairs.

R.3.4 Areas of refuge

An area of refuge shall be available on every

floor that requires the use of stairs to exit as

a safe waiting place for people who need

assistance outside of the building.

Areas of refuge shall provide no less than 0.5 m²

of floor space per ambulatory occupant and

1.9 m² of floor space per non-ambulatory

occupant. The Alberta Building Code normally

requires 1.5 m² per non-ambulatory occupant.

However, a review of the floor area taken up

by larger power chairs, as shown in CAN/

CSA-B651-04, indicates that the power chairs

take up 25 per cent more floor area, hence the

increase from 1.5 m² to 1.9 m².


Figure 89. Area of refuge.

Areas of refuge shall be separated from the floor

area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance

rating as required by Alberta Building Code

2006, 3.8.2.

Areas of refuge shall be served by an exit or a

firefighters’ elevator. The stairwell is the safest

space for an area of refuge. The dimensions

shall be added to the landing of a stairwell to

allow for an area of refuge, as well as space

for a door to open onto and for people to pass

through without obstructing the space of refuge.

Non-ambulatory occupants in areas of refuge

shall not obstruct egress.

The door leading into the area of refuge shall

not encroach on the space for wheelchairs.

A two-way voice communication system for use

between each area of refuge and the central

alarm control facility shall be provided in

accordance with CAN/CSA-B651-04.

The space shall be identified with directional

and identification signage and shall incorporate

the international symbol for accessibility

for disabled persons. Areas of refuge shall

be identified on all publicly displayed floor

evacuation plans and be included in evacuation

procedure documents.


S. Communications

S.1 Principle/rationale

A hallmark of well-designed buildings is

that they are simple to navigate through

and they provide opportunities for human

interaction within them. If a building has a

poor wayfinding system or does not facilitate

easy communication between users, the

building may not be enjoyable for anyone to

visit, whether it be for business or leisure. This is

especially true for those with disabilities.

Public telephones that are not accessible to

people with disabilities deny a basic service

that most of us take for granted. In addition,

inaccessible communication facilities can deny

well-being and safety in an emergency.

Many people who use hearing aids have

difficulty functioning in noisy environments,

especially when the speaker or speakers are at a

distance. Several systems are available that can

overcome the combined problems of distance

and background noise. Types of assistive

listening systems include induction loops, FM

radio frequency systems and infrared systems.

All these aid hearing without disturbing the

listening enjoyment of other people. The choice

and size (power) of the system will depend on

the type of application and the size of the room.

The purpose of signs is to provide information

and direction. They shall be strategically

placed for high visibility and be simple and

consistent for easy comprehension. Raised

characters provide tactile cues for persons who

have vision loss.

S.2 Existing regulations



1) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), in a

building of assembly occupancy, all assembly

areas with an area of more than 100 m² shall

be equipped with an assistive listening system

comprising the entire seating area.

2) If the assistive listening system required by

Sentence (1) is an induction loop system, only

half the seating area in the room need

be encompassed.



1) Arabic numerals indicating the assigned floor

number shall

a) be mounted permanently on the stair

side of the wall at the latch side of doors

to exit stair shafts,

b) be not less than 60 mm high, raised

approximately 0.70 mm above the surface,

c) be located 1,350 mm from the finished floor

and beginning not more than 150 mm from the

door, and

d) be contrasting in colour with the surface on

which they are applied.



1d) Identification of floor and other signs

intended to facilitate orientation for visually

impaired persons should offer maximum colour

contrast to be effective. For this reason, it is

recommended that white on black or black on

white be used, as this combination produces

the best legibility. It is also recommended that

the sign surfaces be processed to prevent glare.

S.3 Proposed standards

S.3.1 Telephones

Where several public telephones are grouped

together, at least one of them shall be accessible

to people in wheelchairs and those with hearing

difficulties. Where there is only one, it shall

be wheelchair accessible and have a variable

volume control. Where there are more than

10 public phones, 10 per cent shall be

equipped with TDD/TTY.



considered in this sub-section and others in

these Standards is E – Ergonomics, which is

described by Iantkow as follows:

Ergonomics: although ergonomics is actually

defined as ‘the study of people in relation to

their working environment’, I am implying

a much broader connotation to the term.

Ergonomics within the context of safe

orientation and mobility for people with visual

disabilities is actually meant to allude to the

logical layout and usage of a structure or area.

Simply by reasoning, then, one might assume

there will be washrooms adjacent to an

eating area; or seating next to a reception

area; or public telephones close to an entry

vestibule to a major building etc. The way the

walls, doors and various fixtures are oriented to

one another, as well, might be an ‘ergonomic’

consideration. Generally, only when a structure

is planned with right angles, logically situating

decision and destination points for wayfinding,

and logically situating facilities by ‘usage’ or

‘complementary considerations’ might the safe

orientation and mobility of people with visual

disabilities be met.16

Figure 90. Proper dimensions for a payphone.

Accessible pay telephones shall be identified

with the International Symbol of Access.

Organizations are strongly encouraged to use

the designated symbol in all their promotional

activities (see other parts of Section S). 17


Telephones shall be offset with a space beside

them to provide room for the TDD/TTY carried

by people with hearing loss.

Figure 91. Design of a telephone booth to accommodate TDD/TTY.

A pay telephone shall be mounted on a wall, on

a freestanding pylon or in an enclosure that will

allow access for a person using a wheelchair to

the telephone and still be cane detectable.

The length of the cord from the telephone to the

handset shall be a minimum of 1,000 mm.

There shall be 800 mm clearance from the

floor surface to the underside of any enclosure

or shelf. There shall be a minimum clear floor

space of 800 mm in front of a telephone to

allow access for people in wheelchairs.

A bench that is either stationary or

swing-away shall be considered near

an accessible telephone.

The minimum illumination level on operating

mechanisms, the directory and shelf shall be

200 lx.

Protection from prevailing winds and

blowing snow shall be considered for exterior

telephones. In addition, ambient noise, such

as vehicular traffic, shall be considered when

locating exterior telephones, or a means to

minimize the noise, such as an enclosed booth,

shall be included. This makes communication

easier for people who are hearing impaired.

S.3.2 Transactions

Where there is more than one automated

teller machine, at least one of them shall be

accessible to people in wheelchairs. Where

there is only one, it shall be accessible. The

highest operable control shall be 1,100 mm

from the floor. The knee space shall be no less

than 700 mm high x 500 mm deep.

ATMs shall be configured to protect others from

seeing keystrokes, while allowing the user to

observe their surroundings.

Kiosks, points of sale and other interactive

transaction machines require text messages in

conjunction with audio messages.

Induction loops shall be installed in box

offices, ticket and other counters, alcoves

within large spaces, as well as in theatres,

halls and churches.

Counters equipped with induction loops shall

be clearly signed and in regular use.


S.3.3 FM Radio frequency systems

FM systems shall be considered in large

public facilities, such as airports and other

transport terminals. When clearly marked,

the FM broadcast area provides the traveller

with an easily located listening zone, so

all information, especially important

announcements, is readily available.

S.3.4 Infrared systems

Instead of using sound frequencies, infrared

technology uses invisible light energy called the

infrared light spectrum to deliver sound from a

transmitter to the hard of hearing or deafened

person. The hard of hearing person wears a

special receiver, or headset, which works in

conjunction with a loop or a T-switch in his/her

hearing aid. The infrared signal will not transmit

to the listener through walls or when the signal

is interrupted by a moving object, or person.

Infrared systems are suitable for listening in

both large and small groups, while watching

TV, listening to the radio, in meetings or other

public venues. Both FM and infrared systems

are available as personal listening devices or

may be provided in public venues such as

meeting rooms, lecture halls, places of worship,

or theatres.18

Infrared rays are contained within an enclosed

space in which they are being used for

transmission. Individual transmissions shall

be blocked by solid barriers so there will

be no interference.

The system shall be shielded from the sun

or the strength of transmission increased to

avoid interference.

S.3.5 Signage

Adequate signs and symbols provide persons

with hearing loss visual cues about the direction

to various services, business locations, floor

numbers and level location in parking lots. It

is recommended that CNIB (The Canadian

National Institute for the Blind) standards for

contrasts and colours be adopted.

Signs and symbols shall be kept simple and

consistent. Symbols are preferable to words,

particularly for those with language or reading

difficulties. The lettering styles for signs

recommended by Holmes-Siedle are Helvetica

Medium and Light, Universe or Goudy Extra

Bold.19 The lettering sizes recommended by

Holmes-Siedle at a viewing distance of 5m are:

• 25mmcapitalheightforgeneralinformation.

• 37mmcapitalheightfordirectionalsigns.

Standard symbols shall be used to identify

washrooms and for which gender they are

designated, to allow easy comprehension by

people with cognitive disabilities.

Consideration of lettering size and style,

use of appropriate colours for contrast

and a non-distracting background shall

enhance its legibility.



All public buildings shall be required to have

internationally accepted signs indicating

accessible facilities are within the building.

These signs shall be located near the entrance to

direct people upon entry to the building. Signs

shall also be placed along the route to provide

reassurance, which is essential to people with

cognitive disabilities, and provide visual cues

for people with hearing loss.

Auditory information shall be used in

conjunction with visual information

where applicable.

S.3.6 Lettering and numbers

Lettering and numbers shall be 60 mm

minimum in height and be raised at least

0.70 mm.

Figure 93. Proper lettering design.

Lettering and numbers shall have a width-to-

height ratio between 3:5 and 1:1, and have

a stroke-width-to-height ratio between 1:5

and 1:10.

No ornate lettering shall be used on signs,

because it is difficult for people who are

visually or cognitively impaired to read.

Contrasting colours shall be used on signs to

provide easy reading, especially for people who

are visually impaired.

The horizontal centre line of a group of raised

letters, numbers and symbols shall be not more

than 1,350 mm from the floor. All characters

shall be clearly separated. They shall be located

at standard positions within a building.


S.3.7 Location of signs

Direction signs shall be placed at focal points

on main traffic routes. Signs shall be located to

indicate a through route with a location sign at

the destination.

Figure 94. Directional signage.

The location of suspended signs and sandwich

board signs shall conform to Sections A and B

of these Standards.

S.3.8 Building directional maps

Directional maps, where provided, shall be

located at the entrances to buildings at a height

of 1,200 mm and be tilted. This allows persons

in wheelchairs to read them easily. Raised

characters, lines and symbols shall be used

to assist people with vision loss to find walls,

doors, elevators and line of travel.

Tactile maps and audio map systems are helpful

for people with vision loss. They may be placed

in public parks, exterior pathways, sidewalks or

in the lobbies of buildings. These maps enable

users to identify their location and to get an

accurate sense of distance and direction.20

Figure 95. Directional map.

S.3.9 Intelligent navigation system

The Intelligent Navigation System is a system

that may be developed in the future to adapt

to the changing needs of people with vision

loss. This system is not required to be installed,

however its installation is encouraged where

warranted. In this system, devices are installed

under roads, stairs, escalators and ramps, which

transmit signals to personal digital assistants.

Information can be received when a person

approaches stairs, crosswalks, the edge of a

platform and other buildings.21


T. Plus-15 System

T.1 Principle/rationale

An accessible Plus-15 system allows people

with disabilities to travel through the downtown

core easily and quickly, without having to

contend with hazards like vehicular traffic and

sidewalk obstructions at grade level.

Since non-ambulatory persons have limited

mobility, adverse weather conditions can hinder

their movement. The Plus-15 system provides

alternative routes through the downtown that

are always warm and dry. The glass construction

allows a visual connection with the outdoors,

reducing security problems.

Figure 96. Plus-15 symbol.

T.2 Existing regulations

The Plus-15 design policies that affect access

are found in the following City of Calgary

documents: Land Use Bylaw 1P2007, Plus-

15 Policy, Downtown Handbook of Public

Improvements, Alberta Building Code

applications to Plus-15 systems, the Standard

Development Agreement, the Report on City of

Calgary Plus-15 Access Stairs and The City of

Calgary Regulation Bulletins, produced by the

Building Regulations division.

The minimum unobstructed width for +15

bridges, walkways and lane links shall be

4,500 mm. Widths up to 6,000 mm should

be encouraged only in locations where high

pedestrian volume is anticipated (retail areas).

Figure 97. Cross section of Plus-15 bridge.


One elevator must provide access to both grade

and Plus-15 levels.

All walkways should be negotiable by the

disabled with elevator access.

Plus-15 bridges, walkways and lane links

shall be accessible to persons with push

carts or carriages, the elderly, people with

disabilities and others whose mobility is

impaired. Where ramps are provided to

achieve this objective, a maximum ramp grade

of 1:12 should be required.

All Plus-15 walkways should provide a hard

surface or low-pile carpet flooring material to

allow for easy maintenance and to contribute

to the perception of walkways as completely

public. (Refer to Section B.3.3 Floor Surfaces)

The minimum unobstructed width for Plus-15

stairs shall be 2,000 mm.

Stairs should be clearly visible and directly

adjacent and accessible to street or avenue

sidewalk and Plus-15 system.

Access points should be located at both ends of

every bridge.

The provision of sliding doors (wired to the

building’s smoke detector and emergency

fire alarm systems) or other such devices on

Plus-15 bridges that reduce pedestrian barriers

while maintaining adequate fire protection

should be encouraged.

Sliding doors must conform to the Alberta

Building Code, 2006.


U. Public transit

U.1 Principle/rationale

Non-ambulatory and semi-ambulatory people

shall not have to rely solely on specialized

transportation services for travel. Having an

accessible public transit system relieves the

burden on those services. With changing

demographics and increasing numbers of

people with disabilities, those services are

being stretched to their limit. The City of

Calgary has recognized the needs of the

disabled community concerning public transit,

and has implemented design changes to

accommodate them. With an accessible LRT

system, people with disabilities and seniors will

have alternative means of travel.

U.2 Existing regulations

Consult The City of Calgary’s Transit Friendly

Design Guide, Transit-Oriented Development

Policy Guidelines and Calgary Transit’s LRT

Design Guidelines for further guidance related

to transit facilities.

U.3 Proposed standards

U.3.1 Ramps

Long ramps require a physical exertion beyond

the capability of many people, including those

in wheelchairs. Standards on accessibility must

be followed and exterior conditions must be

taken into consideration for ramps exposed to

the weather that become particularly hazardous

when covered with snow and ice.

U.3.2 Handrails and guards

Handrails in all stations shall be reduced in

diameter where required.

Refer to Section J: Handrails and Guards

U.3.3 Communication and security

A pay telephone shall be mounted on walls

or in an enclosure that allows access for a

wheelchair, yet is detectable by a cane. The

signage and way-finding system shall be

consistent across all transit facilities.

Features to increase safety and convenience

shall include protruding red emergency call

buttons linked to the transit system and glass

walls to increase visibility.

Refer to Section S: Communications

U.3.4 Elevators

Refer to Section K: Elevators

U.3.5 Announcements

Devices providing visual and audible

announcements of delay of service or

emergencies shall be used wherever feasible.


U.3.6 Platforms

It is important that all platforms be accessible;

they must include warning strips where

required, slip-resistant ground or floor surfaces,

furniture that is colour contrasted from its

background and materials/furniture that do

not create glare. The design and placement

of obstructions like garbage cans, ticket

dispensers, lighting and enclosed shelters shall

be consistent and predictable.

If a bridge is designed to connect to a platform,

handrails and guards must be provided on both

sides of the bridge in all future installations. If

the bridge is 1,650 mm or wider and has a

slope steeper than 1:20 (five per cent), a third

handrail must be located in the center of the

bridge, where operationally feasible.

U.3.7 Benches

In all future installations, the perimeters

of benches shall colour contrast from the

background to increase the likelihood that

people with vision loss will notice them.

Benches shall be 450 mm to 500 mm high.

Refer to Section P of these Standards for

more details.

U.3.8 Transit shelters

Transit shelters serve as drop-off points in an

accessible transit system. Shelters shall be set

back from the curb to allow sufficient space for

pedestrian circulation and drifting snow.

Glass panels shall have decals or a continuous

coloured line, 1,350 mm above the ground with

a minimum width of 150 mm.

Clearances in front and at least on one side of

the entrance to the bus shelter shall be 1,500

mm in width. A universal path of travel from a

pedestrian walkway and/or the drop-off point

from transit shall be provided to the entrance of

the bus shelter.

Figure 98. Accessible LRT platform.


V. Pedestrian crossings and traffic signals

V.1 Principle/rationale

Properly designed crosswalks and audible

pedestrian traffic signals assist in safe travel

across an intersection. Properly designed

crosswalks direct pedestrians safely across a

road, without directing them into traffic. The

audible signal acts as confirmation of the traffic

flow and as a directional indicator for people

with vision loss and often serves as a pacer to

people with cognitive disabilities.

V.2 Existing regulations

Contact the Advisory Committee on

Accessibility (ACA) for regulations governing

audible pedestrian traffic signals.

V.3. Proposed standards

This section applies to pedestrian crossings

and traffic signals on City owned and operated

buildings. The City of Calgary Roads and

Transportation Planning shall be consulted for

all matters concerning crossings and traffic

signals on public sidewalks and roads.

V.3.1 Pedestrian push buttons

If push buttons are used, they shall be placed

on the first pole away from the intersecting

street at a height of 1,000 mm to 1,100 mm on

the side of the pole parallel to the sidewalk.

Protruded or tactile direction arrows shall be

provided near push buttons and located in a

standardized location at the crosswalks, so

that people with vision loss can find them.22

These are not standards used by The City

of Calgary for public roads, but shall be

considered if there is a need for pedestrian push

buttons and audible signals within the property

of a City facility.

Push buttons, which activate visual pedestrian

signals, shall also operate the audible

pedestrian indicators. The button shall activate

when using any part of the arm or hand.

V.3.2 Audible signals

The audible sound cue shall be clearly audible

above the ambient noise of the crosswalk area.

Audible pedestrian traffic signals shall be

located at crosswalks in high-traffic areas. One

audible sound unit shall be installed at each

end of a crosswalk. When the unit is operated,

a tone shall sound for the full duration of the

walk interval.


Figure 99. Proper crosswalk.

Audible signal posts shall constantly emit a slow,

intermittent sound, which is distinguishable

from the crossing signals, to indicate to a person

with vision loss the presence of the crosswalk,

the location of the push-button and to act as

an audible beacon on the opposite side of

the road. These are not standards used by The

City of Calgary for public roads, but shall be

considered if there is a need for pedestrian push

buttons and audible signals within the property

of a City facility.

Under normal crosswalk conditions, the

number of tones to be used shall be two. One

tone shall be for pedestrians crossing in the

east-west direction, and a second different tone

shall be for pedestrians crossing in the north-

south direction. For safety, the two tones shall

be consistent throughout the city.

All traffic signals shall be set to allow

sufficient time for pedestrians to complete

the crossing safely.


W. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

W.1 Principle/rationale

The consideration of crime prevention through

design and effective use of the physical

environment can help reduce the incidence

of criminal behaviour, thereby improving the

quality of life. Although crime prevention

through design will benefit everyone, it will

have a particular benefit for people with

disabilities, as they may be more vulnerable in

some situations.

All commercial Development Permit

applications, including multi-residential,

industrial, commercial and public

developments, receive a CPTED review during

circulation.

W.2 Existing regulations

For more information or a CPTED review of

designs, please contact:

Calgary Police Services

District # (local area)

Community liaison officer (CLO)

or

Calgary Police Services

Crime Prevention Unit

315 10th Ave. S.E., Fourth Floor

Telephone: 403-509-1754

Fax: 403-509-1757

W.3 Proposed standards

W.3.1 General requirements

Access control uses doors, shrubs, fences,

gates and other physical design elements to

discourage access to an area by all but its

intended users.

Safety and security are provided through

the design and layout of space. The location

of windows allows a person to be aware of

exterior activities. Natural strategies have low

human and capital resource requirements.

Surveillance is achieved by placing windows

in locations that allow intended users to see or

be seen while ensuring that intruders will be

observed as well. Surveillance is enhanced by

providing adequate lighting and landscaping

that allow for unobstructed views.

Security guards or police provide surveillance

and access control, but are labour intensive

and expensive. Capital or hardware intensive

security (e.g., alarms or cameras) provide access

control and surveillance.

Territory is defined by sidewalks, landscaping,

porches and other elements that establish the

boundaries between public and private areas.


The general design strategies listed above can

be applied in any environment to improve

natural access control, natural surveillance and

territorial behaviour to:

• Provideaclearborderdefinitionof

controlled space.

• Provideaclearlymarkedtransitionfrom

public to semi-public to private space.

• Locategatheringareasinplaceswithnatural

surveillance and access control and away

from the view of potential offenders.

• Providenaturalbarrierstoconflictingactivities.

• Improvetheschedulingofspacetoprovide

for effective and critical intensity of uses.

• Designspacetoincreasetheperceptionof

natural surveillance.

• Overcomedistanceandisolationthrough

improved communications and design

efficiencies, (e.g., emergency telephones,

pedestrian paths).


X. Universal Dwelling Units

X.1 Principle/rationale

Residential suites, including single and multi-

family homes, shall be livable for people with

and without disabilities. A universal home

allows people to move around and live without

any restrictions within their space. The flexibility

of a home will accommodate people with

all types of disabilities and provide a diverse

comfort level for all.

The Alberta Building Code requires adaptable

dwelling units when the project has received

funding from the Alberta Government.

STANDATA 06-BCI-010 defines adaptable as a

dwelling unit that “has been designed to allow

it to be altered to make the unit consistent with

the principles of barrier-free design.”

The Access Design Standards extend this

requirement to projects owned or operated by

The City of Calgary. While it is required that

new construction conform to these Standards,

it is expected that complete conformance with

these Standards may not always be possible

when renovations are undertaken. On a case-

by-case basis, the appropriate City of Calgary

business units shall be consulted to determine

the level of expected conformance.

The quantity of adaptable units to be provided

shall be in accordance with ABC 2006 3.8.1.1.

(3), as follows:

a) Two or more for projects of 10 to 25

dwelling units.

b) Five or more for projects of 26 to 50

dwelling units.

c) Ten or more for projects of 51 to 100

dwelling units.

d) Fifteen or more for projects of 101 to 200

dwelling units.

e) Twenty or more for projects exceeding 200

dwelling units.

X.2 Existing regulations

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.1.1.(3)

STANDATA 06-BCI-010

X.3 Proposed standards

X.3.1 General considerations

The following features can be included in

all spaces of a dwelling unit and are based

on CNIB, CAN/CSA – B651-04, CMHC,

STANDATA 06-BCI-010 and ABC 2006.


Throughout Section X, we differentiate between

“universal” design elements, and “barrier-free”

design elements. All universal design elements

shall be incorporated into every unit required

by this standard to be adaptable. Barrier free

design elements shall be incorporated if the

person living in the unit has a disability that

would require those features to be installed. Not

every barrier-free design element will always be

required. For example, if a person with vision

loss wants to live in an adaptable unit, barrier-

free design features benefiting people with

mobility loss may not be necessary.

Universal design elements

• Allpathsoftravelwithintheunitshall

be stable, firm, slip resistant and 920 mm

wide, minimum.

• 1,500-mmturningspacesshallbeprovided

at strategic locations to allow people using

mobility aids to circulate unimpeded

through the dwelling unit (a clear turning

radius of 2,250 mm is preferred, but not

required, to accommodate people in

power wheelchairs).

• Doorsshallbe920mmwide,minimum.

• Swingingorslidingdoorsshallhave

minimum clear opening of 850 mm.

• Leverdoorhandles.

• D-shapedhandlesoncabinetsanddrawers.

• Leverorautomaticfaucets.

• Lightswitchesshallbemountedat

1,000 mm above the finished floor.

• Thebreakerpanelsshallbemountedwith

their lowest operable parts 1,200 mm above

the finished floor.

• Plumbingundersinkshallbeinsulatedand

protected with a face panel, and the P-trap

shall be offset to the rear.

• Electricaloutletsshallbe600mmhigh

from the finished floor to the centre line

of the outlets.

• Wallthermostatsshallbe1,200mmhigh

and oriented for easy operation and reading.

• Windowdevicesshallbeeasytomanipulate.

• Reinforcedwallareastosupportgrabbars

where needed in tub and toilet areas.

• Thresholdsshallbenomorethan13mm

higher than the finished floor or it shall be

beveled at a 1:2 (50 per cent) slope.

• Evenlydistributedlightingwith

consideration of natural light sources to

reduce glare.

• Colourcontrastforbaseboardsand

doorframes to highlight traffic areas for

people with partial sight.

• Acousticdesignconsiderationstoavoid

echoes within any living area.

• Thenecessaryelectricalandelectronic

infrastructure needed to facilitate call

systems shall be installed.


Barrier-free design elements

• Slidingorpull-outshelves.

• Countertopsandworksurfacesthatcanbe

height adjusted.

• Kneespaceundercountersshallbe

760 mm wide x 485 mm deep x 685 mm

to 865 mm high.

X.3.2 Entrances


• Accessiblestoragespacesforouterwearand

shoes shall be provided in a location that

does not interfere with access to the rest of

the dwelling unit.

• Closetsshallhaveslidingdoorswith

D-shaped handles.

• Closetrodsforcoatstorageshallbe

1,200 mm high.

X.3.3 Living space


• Thespaceshallbelargeenoughto

accommodate a wide seat/sofa, allowing

a person with mobility loss to leave their

wheelchair and sit with family members.

• Spaceshallbeprovidedforshelvestostore

books and other objects, with shelves 150

to 450 mm deep.

• Ifcarpetisinstalled,itshallbe

low-pile carpet.


• Wallpaperorothermaterialswithgood

acoustic control properties may reduce the

noise level if located next to a noisy space

such as a kitchen.

X.3.4 Kitchen


• Cooktop,sinkandworksurfacesshallbe

capable of being adjusted to the same

level, so pots can be moved easily between

the them.

• Lightingunderuppercabinetstoilluminate

the work area shall be on a separate switch

from the general lighting in kitchen.

• Drawerswithfullextensionslides:150to

450 mm deep.

• CabinetanddrawerpullswithD-shaped

handles, colour contrasted from the

cabinet surface.


• Cooktopsurfaceshallbelocated810mm

to 860 mm from the finished floor, with

front controls and heat protected knee space

located below.

• Anaccessibleovenwithadoorthatopens

toward the side, where the bottom of the

door is mounted between 400 mm to 860

mm from the finished floor.

• Refrigeratordoorshallswing180º.


• Side-by-sidefridgesorbottommount

freezers shall be provided.

• Sinksthataremoreshallowthananaverage

sink for accessibility with lever-type or

automatic faucets shall be provided.

• Sinkshallbe810mmto865mmhighfrom

the rim to the floor, and knee space shall be

provided below.

• Spaceforamicrowaveshallbeprovided

at counter height with knee space below,

or a wall-shelf-mounted microwave with

a pullout shelf below shall be installed so

items can be pulled out safely.

• Outletsandswitcheslocatedatthefrontof

counters rather than near the backsplash.

Where children are expected to live in

a dwelling unit, the outlet shall be installed

in an accessible location that is out of a

child’s reach.

• Aworksurfaceonatleastonesideofcook

top, sink, dishwasher and oven (or pullout

shelf under the oven) shall be provided.

• Adjustablecounters:600mmdeepx

765 mm to 850 mm high.

• Pulloutstorageandroll-outshelves.

X.3.5 Washroom

The main washroom in the dwelling unit shall

be adaptable.


• Beforeinstallingabathtub,afloordrain

shall be installed underneath to allow

for a curbless shower to be installed later,

if desired.

• Elongatedtoiletshallbeprovidedwitha

seat that is 400 – 460 mm high.

• Toiletpaperdispenser,soaptrayandlight

switches shall contrast with the background

finish and be installed in accordance with

these Standards.

• Lightfixturesshallnotbeplacedarounda

mirror to avoid glare.

• Sufficientcounterspaceisrequiredto

place items while using the washroom to

wash or groom.

• Washroomaccessoriesshallhaveamatte

finish and contrast from the background.

• Hooksshallbeinstalledtopreventhazard

to people with vision loss.

• Towelbarsshallbeatamaximumheightof

1,200 mm and located within a clear reach

of 450 mm from where a wheelchair can

be positioned.


• Largecurb-lessroll-inshowerwithhand

held shower head shall have the minimum

dimensions of 1,500 mm wide x 1,220 mm

deep x 1,830 mm high.


• Sinkshallbemounted865mmhighandthe

bowl 150 mm deep.

• Foldingseatintheshower,ideallyone

that extends beyond the shower to allow

people to leave the wheelchair outside the

shower and transfer to the shower seat from

the dry floor.

• Showerseatshallbe610mmwidex

450 mm deep x 450 mm high.

• Adjustablemirrorthatis610mmwide.

• Pulloutshelvesshallprovidestoragespace

for toiletries, makeup, hair products and

soap, and shall be 450 mm deep.

• Grabbars.

• Thecountershallcontrastwiththe

background for people with vision loss.

• Lavatorycountershallbe(min.)915mm

wide x 610 mm (max.) deep x 810 to

865 mm high.

X.3.6 Laundry room

Depending on the type of housing development,

there may be either a common laundry

room or laundry rooms within the individual

suites. Below are the design requirements for

each case.

Universal design elements – common and in-

suite laundry rooms

• Workingsurfacesshallbe600mmdeepx

765 mm to 850 mm high.

Universal design elements – common laundry

rooms only

• Washeranddryerhavefront-mounted

controls, with side-hinged doors and door

swings of 180º.

• Interiorofthedryershallbeilluminated.

Universal design elements – in-suite laundry

rooms only

• Spaceshallbeprovidedtostore

laundry supplies.

• Pull-outdrawersshallbe450mmdeep.

Barrier-free design elements – in-suite laundry

rooms only

• Washeranddryerhavefront-mounted

controls, with side-hinged doors and door

swings of 180º.

• Interiorofthedryershallbeilluminated.

X.3.7 Bedroom


• Telephonejackbetween450mmto

1,200 mm A.F.F.

• Closetrodtohangclothingshallbe

1,200 mm high.

• Closetsshallhaveaclearopeningof

810 mm (min.), with a 1,500 mm turning

radius in front (a clear turning radius of

2,250 mm is preferred, but not required, to

accommodate people in power wheelchairs).


• Clearopeningsforclosetdoorscanbeless

than 810 mm if a 300-mm clearance is

provided along the wall on both sides of the

storage area.

• Avoidmirrorsonclosetdoorstoreduce

glare and reflection of light in the bedroom,

• Closetshallhaveaslidingdoorwitha

D-shaped handles.

• Minimum920-mmclearanceonbothsides

and at the foot of the bed.

• Blockinginceilingtoaccommodateceiling

track lift.


• Ceilingtracktoholdlift.

• Shelvesthatpulloutmountedbetween400

mm to 1,200 mm.

X.3.8 Visual emergency and non-emergency alarms


• Visualsignaldevicesforthefirealarm

system in accordance with ABC 2006

Article 3.2.4.19.

• Visualsignaldevicesforsecurityentrances

and gate entrances.

• Visualsignaldevicesfordoorbell.

X.3.9. Common areas

Many projects that incorporate universal

dwelling units also include office space for

building management, garbage and recycling

areas, and recreational amenity spaces. Each of

these spaces shall be designed to be accessible

in accordance with these Standards. Design

shall allow all users to circulate throughout the

spaces and use the spaces for their intended

functions without being impeded.


Figure list

A. Exterior Barrier-Free Paths of Travel

Figure 1. Cane detectable tactile surfaces.

Figure 2. Crosswalk Direction tile.• Butler,Clay.(2001).Designing Sidewalks and Trails

for Access. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ Figure: 8-9

Figure 3. Node tile.• Butler,Clay.(2001).Designing Sidewalks and Trails

for Access. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ Figure: 8-12

Figure 4. Directional tile.

• Butler,Clay.(2001).Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ Figure: 8-22

Figure 5. Intersection Curb tile.

Figure 6. Sidewalk joint.

Figure 7. Obstructions located out of the direct path of travel.

Figure 8. Specification for protruding objects to avoid collision.

Figure 9. Requirements for openings in the ground surface.

Figure 10. Placement of gratings.

Figure 11. Clearance between overhanging objects and the ground.

Figure 12. Proper placement of obstructions.

Figure 13. Proper placement of curb ramps.

Figure 14. Plan view of City standard curb ramp.• TheCityofCalgaryRoads,StandardSpecifications

Road Construction 2009.

Figure 15. Section and elevation of curb ramp. • TheCityofCalgaryRoads,StandardSpecifications

Road Construction 2009.

Figure 16. Proper layout of intersections.

Figure 17. Wind buffers.

B. Interior barrier-free paths of travel

Figure 18. Proper height requirements for protruding objects.

Figure 19. Interior passageway.

Figure 20. Proper design of an interior corridor.

Figure 21. Improper type and installation of carpets.

Figure 22. Proper type and installation of floor materials.

Figure 23. Recessed obstruction.

C. Vehicular access

Figure 24. Lay-by.

Figure 25. Proper dimensions and design of canopy over lay-by.

Figure 26. Proper placement of parking stalls near entrances.

Figure 27. Proper vegetation placement to minimize the effects of the weather.

Figure 28. Accessible street parking stall.• AdaptedfromtheBarrier-FreeDesignGuide.

Figure 29. Proper placement of parking stall near entrance.

Figure 30. Layout and dimensions of single accessible parking stalls.

Figure 31. Adjacent accessible parking stalls.• AdaptedfromtheBarrier-FreeDesignGuide.

Figure 32. Proper signage for accessible parking stall.

Figure 33. Clearance requirement for parkades where oversized vehicles are present.

D. Location of controls, dispensers

and receptacles

Figure 34. Proper height for controls.

Figure 35. Proper and improper faucet varieties.


F. Building entrances, doors anddoorways

Figure 36. Vestibule Design.

Figure 37. Automatic doors, signage, and protection from the elements.

Figure 38. Large, bold, and raised lettering labels.

Figure 39. Recessed door.

Figure 40. Proper location of automatic door openers.

Figure 41. Proper spacing between a door and hardware.

Figure 42. Kick plate and closer requirements.

Figure 43. Door closer requirements, and requirements for doors at the top of a ramp.

G. Ramps

Figure 44. Proper ramp design.

Figure 45. Ramp design.

H. Stairs

Figure 46. Stairs are occasionally preferred to ramps by people with disabilities.

Figure 47. Cane detectable warning indicators for stairs.

Figure 48. Proper dimensions for stairs.

Figure 49. Avoid overhanging stairs.

J. Handrails and Guards

Figure 50. Proper handrails used for guidance.

Figure 51. Proper and improper handrail shape and dimensions.

K. Elevators

Figure 52. Well designed elevator.

Figure 53. An elevator car with dimensions allowing the turning around of a wheelchair.

Figure 54. Proper elevator car dimensions.


Figure 56. Proper design of elevator lobbies.

Figure 57. Proper placement of controls.

L. Public Washrooms

Figure 58. Proper design of a washroom entrance.

Figure 59: Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

Figure 60. Proper location of fixtures.

Figure 61. Properly placed grab bars.

Figure 62. Proper knee clearance beneath sink.

Figure 63. Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

M. Recreational and Cultural Centers

Figure 64. Proper ramps are the best entrance into swimming pools.

Figure 65. Where ramps are not feasible, stairs are preferred to ladders.

Figure 66. Power hoist into swimming pool.

Figure 67. Proper dimensions and materials for an ice rink.

Figure 68. Raised exercise platform.

Figure 69. Proper placement of displays.

Figure 70. Drinking fountain suitable for people with disabilities.

Figure 71. Universally designed drinking fountain for people who are standing, and people who are in wheelchairs.

Figure 72. Water temperature control.

Figure 73. Proper shower dimensions.

Figure 74. Proper dimensions for change rooms and showers.

N. Public facilities

Figure 75. Dimension requirements for counters.

Figure 76. Cafeteria counter.

Figure 77. Proper dimensions for cafeteria counters.

Figure 78. Accessible seating shall be distributed throughout the seating area.

Figure 79. Standard seats can be made removable to accommodate accessible seating.


Figure 80. Required dimensions for permanent barriers.

P. Parks, pathways, and playgrounds

Figure 81. Proper rest areas along pathways.

Figure 82. Protection from the elements.

Figure 83. Proper pathways.

Figure 84. Proper dimensions and placement of maze gates.

Figure 85. Flat area and proper height for a rest area bench.

Figure 86. Requirements for an accessible picnic table.

Q. Patios

Figure 87. Proper layout and dimensions of an accessible patio.

R. Emergency egresses, alarms and

warning surfaces

Figure 88. Detectable warning strips on stairs.

Figure 89. Area of refuge.

S. Communication

Figure 90. Proper dimensions for a payphone.

Figure 91. Design of a telephone booth to accommodate TDD/TTY.


Figure 93. Proper lettering design.

Figure 94. Directional signage.

Figure 95. Directional map.

T. Plus-15 system

Figure 96. Plus-15 symbol.

Figure 97. Cross section of Plus-15 bridge.

U. Public Transit

Figure 98. Accessible LRT platform.

V. Pedestrian crossings and traffic signals

Figure 99. Proper crosswalk.


Endnotes

1 An “age-friendly city” adapts its structures and services to be accessible to and inclusive of older people with varying needs and capacities (World Health Organization, 2007).

2 Iantkow, Mark. (2003) Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities.

3 Butler, Clay. (2001) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2. Figures: 8-9

4 Butler, Clay. (2001) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2. Figures: 8-12.

5 Butler, Clay. (2001) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2. Figures: 8-22.

6 The City of Calgary Roads, Standard Specifications Road Construction 2009.

7 The City of Calgary Roads, Standard Specifications Road Construction 2009.

8 Iantkow, Mark. (2003) Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities.

9 Adapted from the Barrier-Free Design Guide.10 Adapted from the Barrier-Free Design Guide.11 Laszlo’s principles of Design for Hard of Hearing Access, Canadian

Hard of Hearing Association. “Universal Design Barrier-Free Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss, page 3.

12 Canadian Hard of Hearing Association Universal Design Barrier-Free Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss. Pages 7 and 8.

13 Iantkow, Mark. (2003). Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities.

14 Sledge Hockey Accessibility: Design Standards for arenas15 Canadian Hard of Hearing Association Universal Design Barrier-

Free Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss. Pages 7 and 8.16 Iantkow, Mark. (2003). Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective

Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities.17 Canadian Hard of Hearing Association Universal Design Barrier-

Free Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss.18 CHHA – Manitoba.19 (1996). Holmes-Siedle, James. Barrier-Free Design; A Manual for

Building Designers and Managers. Architectural Press. Page 92.20 (2007) Disability World. World Institute on Disabilities.

disabilityworld.org/0910_03/access/map.shtml.21 (2007) Disability World. World Institute on Disabilities.

disabilityworld.org.22 The Canadian National Institute for the Blind. “Clearing Our Path.”

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