Accelerator Science Roger Barlow EPSRC Visit 6 th December 2007

Accelerator Science

Roger Barlow

EPSRC Visit

6th December 2007

EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 2

Accelerators

• Developed for particle physics

• Now used by many communities in physics, chemistry and medicine


UK Accelerator R & D

Cockcroft Institute

At Daresbury

Founded by

PPARC, NWDA

Universities of Manchester (RB + Roger Jones + Rob Appleby), Liverpool, Lancaster

Staff working on high energy and low energy and generic accelerator physics

Including the nsFFAG…


2 Basic types - limitations

Cyclotron

Low energies

Synchrotron

Low current/duty cycle


The FFAG design

Ring like a synchrotronStrong Focussing

(‘Alternating Gradient’)Orbit changes with energyDipole field increases with

particle energy, but through path variation not time variation

B/t not dB/dt


The NS-FFAG‘Scaling’: constant orbit shape

Gives constant betatron tune, so can keep away from integers (same-kick-every-cycle resonance)

Abandon scaling principle – lose control of tune. Fall into resonance. Does it matter?


Argument

If the tune changes rapidly, resonances don’t have time to destroy the beam.

Rapid acceleration: Big turn-to-turn variation

Plausible but needs verifying

Advantages (if it works)

• Simpler magnets (Bx not B Rk)

• Smaller beam pipe


The nsFFAG

Advantages • Cheap, simple DC magnets. • Compact design (better than scaling FFAG)• High repetition rate and duty cycle• Rapid acceleration• High acceptance• Permanent magnets (?)• Continuous operation (?)

‘Cyclotron currents at Synchrotron energies’ Disadvantages • Nobody’s built one yet


CONFORM

Project: Construction of a Nonscaling FFAG for Oncology, Research and Medicine

Bid to “Basic Technology” Programme (EPSRC administered) by BASROC consortium

• Build EMMA: 20 MeV electron prototype to demonstrate principle (£3.8M + £1.8M)

• Design PAMELA: clinical machine for hadron therapy(£0.8M)

• Investigate other applications (Hadron therapy, Cell irradiation studies, solar wind simulator, Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactors, Proton drivers for muon/neutron sources, Muon accelerator for neutrino factory) (£0.4M)

Bid successful! Started 1st April 2007 for 3½ years


The Consortium

• Manchester/Cockcroft – Coordination

• CCLRC+Cockcroft – EMMA Construction

• Liverpool/Cockcroft – Magnets

• Oxford/John Adams – PAMELA design

• Oxford/Gray Cancer Institute + Birmingham + Imperial + Glasgow – PAMELA and Hadron therapy applications

• Surrey+Leeds – general applications


EMMA

Proof of principle machine

10 to 20 MeV electrons

42 cells

~16m circumference

RF every other cell

1.3GHz, TESLA frequency

magnets ~ 5cm x 2.5cm aperture


EMMA at Daresbury


EMMA Magnets

Magnet prototypes produced by TESLA

Being measured and understood

Production magnets (almost) ordered: delivery Summer 08


EMMA RF

Normal conductingsingle cell

re-entrant cavity design

Cavity machined form 3 pieces and EB welded at 2 locations

Capacitive post tuner

Probe

Coolant channels

Input coupling loop

EVAC Flange

Aperture Ø 40 mm

110 mm

Prototypes ordered – Delivery January

OJEC notice December

Place contract March

Delivery June-August 2008


EMMA summary

Final Design Review Daresbury 10-11 Dec

Main components on site by 1st Aug 08

Assembly on girders June 08-Jan 09

Assembly in hall Jan -May 09

Installation and testing Jun-Aug 09

Operation in September 09


PAMELA

Long wish-listBuilders and

users (medical community) in discussions about how to achieve all of these

Prove proton NSFFAG works

Provide ~40 MeV protons for cell studies

Provide ~300 MeV protons for therapy

Provide ~40 MeV/N He and C for cell studies

Provide ~450 MeV/N He and C for therapy


PAMELA

• Clinical Hadron Therapy machine, probably at Oxford

• Carbon is essential. Proton solution is commercially available.

• 3-ring solution (Keil and Trbojevic) or 1 ring (Koscielniak and Johnstone)

• Workshop next summer to settle final parameters


Applications

• Cell Irradiation – Surrey post filled. Answer questions about dosage, Ion types, etc

• ADSRs – Manchester+Leeds. Additional grant from EPSRC Energy call to look at possibilities for use of FFAG in an ADSR, for power and waste disposal.

• Neutrons: Leeds post now being advertised


3 years time

• Working machine for studying nsFFAG behaviour

• Full design for PAMELA that we can take to MRC/NHS

• Portfolio of other NS-FFAG designs for different communities of accelerator users


A word on eScience

• We run a 1800 CPU Grid centre for LHC reconstruction with spare capacity for other users ( e.g. biomed). Making this usable for other communities could be a useful investment

• We develop grid software for authorisation and security. GridSite is an easy to use web access system using certificates rather than passwords. We would like to make this widely available


Finally

• Aspects of Accelerator Science come under the EPSRC umbrella

• There will be further involvement with EPSRC from Manchester/Cockcroft

Documents

Accelerator Science Roger Barlow EPSRC Visit 6 th December 2007