Accelerator Science and Technology and Accelerator ... Science and Technology and Accelerator Stewardship at Argonne National Laboratory Harry Weerts for Rod Gerig HEP division & …

Accelerator Science and Technology and Accelerator Stewardship at

Argonne National Laboratory

Harry Weerts for Rod Gerig HEP division & Argonne Accelerator Institute SPAFOA meeting Argonne , June 13, 2013

SPAFOA meeting; Argonne June 13, 2013 2

Japan Eyes Hosting Intl Linear Collider TOKYO (Nikkei)--The government has decided on a plan to solicit construction in Japan of the International Linear Collider, a next-generation particle accelerator that will allow physicists to explore fundamental questions about the universe, The Nikkei learned Wednesday. The ILC will complement the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European Center for Nuclear Research, which confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson -- a particle believed to impart mass. It is seen as a huge scientific project on a par with the International Space Station and the ITER nuclear fusion project. Building the ILC in Japan would mark the first time that the country plays the central role in a major international research project.

The collider is expected to take a decade to build. The project took a step toward becoming a reality when an international team of scientists and others drew up a report on the engineering design of the ILC on Wednesday. Construction costs are estimated to total 830 billion yen. Bringing the project to Japan would lead to 530,000 jobs and have an economic impact of around 45 trillion yen over 30 years, according to the Japan Productivity Center. The Cabinet Office intends to discuss the matter at a meeting of experts Friday. A mountainous region in Iwate Prefecture and another straddling Fukuoka and Saga prefectures are seen as prospective construction sites for the collider, which is to be built in a tunnel about 30km long. The government hopes to pick a candidate site and officially announce its intention to host the ILC around next month. No national government has volunteered to host the project so far. Japan has the backing of many scientists from around the world. Japan will carry out negotiations with other participants in the ILC project, including the U.S., Europe, China and Russia, with the construction site expected to be decided around 2015. Construction should take around a decade, with experiments beginning around 2030. Japan is expected to shoulder about half of the construction costs if the collider is built here, so the pricey project could prove controversial at home. (The Nikkei, June 13 morning edition)


Transition from GDE to LCC– new structure

Accelerator S&T at Argonne

Accelerator S&T considered an Argonne Core Competency

Primarily done in three divisions

– Accelerator Systems Division of the APS (BES)

– High Energy Physics Division (HEP)

– Physics Division (NP)

and loosely coordinated by the Argonne Accelerator Institute(AAI). The AAI board consist of AAI director and the division directors of the three divisions, and meets regularly.

AAI provides single POC for Argonne Accelerator interaction and stewardship activities.


Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Key accelerator S&T in APS-Upgrade, $393.0 M project – Development of first superconducting undulator – Development of transverse deflecting SCRF cavities

Much of APS-Upgrade involves x-ray beamline build-out and

enhancements

Also involved in SC stewardship initiative to identify high-efficiency alternatives to existing RF sources


SCU Design – Cryostat Structure

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LHe vessel SC magnet He fill/vent turret

20 K radiation shield

60 K radiation shield

Beam chamber

Beam chamber thermal link to cryocooler

LHe piping

Design of SCU0 is based on the APS experience of making short SC magnetic structures and on experience by a team from Budker Institute, Novosibirsk of making cryostats for their SC wigglers.

slide courtesy George Srajer SPAFOA meeting; Argonne June 13, 2013

SCU0 Installed in December 2012

SPAFOA meeting; Argonne June 13, 2013

SCU0 Cryostat installed in the APS ring: Sector 6 front end

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slide courtesy George Srajer

SCU0 5th Harmonic and Undulator A at 85 keV


SCU0 5th harmonic scan (680 Amps to 580 Amps)

Undulator A scan (12 to 11mm)

SCU0 – 1.6 cm period with 20 poles (~ 0.35 m long) Undulator A – 3.3 cm period 70 poles (2.3 m long)

SCU0 spatial distribution at 85 keV as undulator current is scanned

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SCU0 flux at 85 keV is 1.4x higher than Undulator A

slide courtesy George Srajer


Short Pulse X-Ray (SPX) Upgrade @ ANL-APS There is a need to provide intense, tunable, picosecond x-ray pulses

with high repetition rates for time domain experiments. Proposed by A. Zholents et al, NIM A, 425 (1999) 385-389.

Create a correlation between the longitudinal coordinates of the electrons within the electron-bunch and their vertical angles.

Sub-picosecond x-ray pulses can be created with slicing. This technique can produce high average intensity x-ray radiation for

the study of ultra-fast phenomena.

Bunch Tail Radiation

Bunch Front Radiation

SPX SRF at the Advanced Photon Source


Collaboration of ANL-APS with JLab (cavity and cryomodule design & fab) and ANL-PHY (cavity and cryomodule testing).

Off line cavity test results have been good. Upgrade requires two 4 cavity cryomodules.

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SPX – QMiR SRF Cavity


Niobium Parts Niobium Prototype Assembly

20”

ANL-APS/ANL-PHY/ FNAL designed a simpler cavity

Cavity fabrication by ANL-PHY.

Prototype fall 2013 Total project cost <5

times the current baseline design.

Cavity Type Squeezed Elliptical Cell

Quasi-Waveguide Multi-cell Resonator

Frequency (MHz) 2815 2815

Vkick (MV) 0.5 2

Epeak (MV/m) 42 54

Bpeak (mT) 100 75

(R/Q)y = V2Kick/(2*P) (Ω) 19 521

G = Rsurface*Q (Ω) 225 130

# Required Cavities 2 x 4 2 x 1

12 12

Recent convergence in SRF community; similar techniques now for all cavities ANL positioning for next generation of SRF cavities using Atomic Layer Deposition

850 MHz β=0.28 ANL

1st SC spoke 345 MHz β=0.63 ANL

1.3 GHz β=1 ILC

2.8 GHz β=1 (SPX)


Convergence of Low- and High-beta Superconducting RF cavities ANL has been at the center of this development for decades

( PHY division expertise)

Basic accelerator building block

All bulk Nb

97 MHz β=0.1 ANL

Z. Conway talk

ANL/FNAL Collaboration on Cavity Processing

ANL-PHY, ANL-HEP and FNAL have been collaborating since 2002 to improve SRF cavity processing.

Demonstrated ILC 1.3 GHz cavity processing.

Improved upon ILC Work to implement the worlds first low-beta cavity EP tool. This is similar to the ILC, but incorporates direct water cooling greatly improving polishing uniformity.

For the first time: electro-polishing after all fabrication work is complete.


ANL/FNAL Cavity Processing Facility


Low-Beta Cavity Electropolishing

Low-Beta Cavity Cleaning

Built with ANL & FNAL support.

ILC/Project-X Cavity Processing


Electropolishing System dedicated to the ILC/Project-X 1.3 GHz cavities.

Staffed by 2 ANL-HEP engineers and 2 FNAL techs with ANL-PHY support.

Recent FNAL SRF Results (Cavities Processed at ANL)


Project-X Cavities Processed in the Joint ANL/FNAL Facility & tested at FNAL

Buffered Chemical Polished Cavities

Electro-Polished Elliptical Cell Cavity (650 MHz, β = 0.9)

Project-X SRF Cryomodule Development One SRF cryomodule

– Accelerate a 1-5 mA proton beam from 2.1 to 10 MeV.

– 8 SRF half-wave resonators. • 162.5 MHz. • Beta = 0.11.

– 8 Superconducting solenoid/steering coils.

2 prototype cavities ready this year funded by FNAL.


6 m long cryomodule 13.8 MV energy gain -significant margin for operations. Builds upon previous ANL cryomodules/experience.

Cavity Mechanical

Model

35 cm

Project-X HWR Development – FNAL WFO


162.5 MHz, β = 0.11, HWR Nb Parts Model

Prototype Cold Testing Late 2013

The parts made in collaboration with 4 vendors.

Electric Discharge Machining of Toroid

• Goal: Synthesize better superconductor than Nb by ALD (T. Prolier ANL-HEP/MSD):

-NbTiN = 14K. -SC/Dielectric multilayers for ultimate fields. -Studying Higher Tc samples: FeSeTe (30K), MgB2 (40K). • ALD coated SRF testing ongoing in PHY for cavities coated

at ANL.

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SRF Cavities and Atomic Layer Deposition


ALD @ ANL-HEP/MSD Cleaning/Test Prep @ ANL-PHY/FNAL facility Cavity Test @ ANL-PHY

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What is Advanced Acceleration?

Conventional/proven (E ~ 20 MV/m) – Excited Media: Copper Cavities – Power Source: RF Klystron (amplifier)

Advanced ( > 100 MV/m ) – Excited media: Plasmas, Dielectrics, etc. – Power Source: Lasers and Electron Beams

The Quest for High Gradient Acceleration

Argonne Beam Driven Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration Primary Funding Office of High Energy Physics


Dielectric-Loaded Accelerator Structure

Simple geometry Capable of high gradients Easy dipole mode damping Tunable Inexpensive

Electric Field Vectors


Argonne Approach: Flexible Linear Collider

Higgs Factory

120 MV/m, 0.25 TeV, 4.5 km

two-beam acceleration

HEP


Argonne Approach dielectric wakefield accelerating linacs

~50 m

~25 m

3. Low Energy Beam

Spreader

Facility Footprint 350m x 250m

~50 m

~50 m

350m 750m

expe

rimen

tal e

nd s

tatio

ns

~30 m

1. High Gradient (100 MV/m) DWFA linac 2. Room Temperature dielectric

~100 m ~50 m

2 GeV 200 MeV

extremely low-cost alternative

Collinear wakefield acceleration

BES


Positron source study for ILC ( responsible in GDE)

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Where we are making contributions

ANL responsible for • end to end simulation of ILC positron source: numerical model of undulator

radiation; investigated and compared many different undulator parameters proposed by collaborators; the impact on yield for different OMD options

• the energy deposition calculating in the targets (Ti, liquid pb). • collaborating with KEK on their conventional e+ source scheme and

compton scattering based e+ source. • emittance evolution of drive electron beam passing through undulator.

Currently working on undulator parameters for Minimum Machine option.


Accelerator Stewardship

With Fermilab, continued investment in education through Lee Teng Internship Program

Involved in SC stewardship initiative to identify high-efficiency alternatives to existing RF sources


Detectors


Many aspects at Argonne

Detector/sensor needs & development at Argonne:

Latest development:

Creating joint Argonne- Univ of Chicago center for sensor & detector development.

Combine the science needs of new detectors with material science expertise/capabilities at Argonne

Develop/design/build detectors for experiments in HEP and other sciences -- strong in HEP ( ATLAS @ LHC, Nova)

Develop transformational new sensors based on material science (ALD) expertise at Argonne & with industry -- LAPPD with INCOM Superconducting Threshold Edge Sensors (TES) for Cosmic Microwave Background experiments ( South Pole) -- CMB

R&D 100 award 2012

Sensors & detectors for homeland security -- very applied Biological sensors for many purposes

“Separate” programs

SPAFOA meeting; Argonne June 13, 2013 27 27

LAPPD = Large Area Picosecond Photo Detectors

Anatomy of an Micro Channel Plate (MCP) based-Photo Multiplier Tube

1. Photocathode 2. Microchannel Plates; ALD functionalized 3. Anode (stripline) structure 4. Vacuum Assembly 5. Front-End Electronics

Argonne connections:

• Large collaboration inside and outside Argonne ( Chicago plus) • Participation by industry • Heavily use ANL ALD expertise

Problem: Current large area phototubes are expensive for large area, if they exist, limited position resolution and timing. Based on old technology.

Enable large, cheaper, picosecond

timing, flat panel phototubes. Enables

large coverage.

Argonne HEP technology

Need to develop all this:


29 SPAFOA meeting; Argonne June 13, 2013


The End

SCU Team Core Team Management: E. Gluskin*(ASD-MD) Simulation: R. Dejus (ASD-MD) S. Kim (ASD-MD) R. Kustom (ASD-RF) Y. Shiroyanagi (ASD-MD) Design: D. Pasholk (AED-DD) D. Skiadopoulos (AES-DD) E. Trakhtenberg (AES-MED) Cryogenics: J. Fuerst (ASD-MD) Q. Hasse (ASD-MD) Measurements: M. Abliz (ASD-MD) C. Doose (ASD-MD) M. Kasa (ASD-MD) I. Vasserman (ASD-MD) Controls: B. Deriy (ASD-PS) M. Smith (AES-CTL) Tech. support: S. Bettenhausen (ASD-MD) K. Boerste (ASD-MD) J. Gagliano (ASD-MOM) M. Merritt (ASD-MD) J. Terhaar (ASD-MD)

Budker Institute Collaboration (Cryomodule and Measurement System Design) N. Mezentsev V. Syrovatin V. Tsukanov V. Lev FNAL Collaboration (Resin Impregnation) A. Makarov UW-Madison Collaboration (Cooling System) J. Pfotenhauer D. Potratz D. Schick

K. Harkay Commissioning Co-Lead Commissioning Team L. Boon (ASD-AOP) M. Borland (ASD-ADD) G. Decker* (ASD-DIA) J. Dooling (ASD-AOP) L. Emery* (ASD-AOP) R. Flood (ASD-AOP) M. Jaski (ASD_MD) F. Lenkszus (AES-CTL) V. Sajaev (ASD-AOP) K. Schroeder (ASD-AOP) N. Sereno (ASD-AOP) H. Shang (ASD-AOP) R. Soliday (ASD-AOP) X. Sun (ASD-DIA) A. Xiao (ASD-AOP) A. Zholents (ASD-DD)

Y. Ivanyushenkov (ASD) Technical Lead and Commissioning Co-Lead

31 SPAFOA meeting; Argonne June 13, 2013

SCU Team - Continued


Technical Support R. Bechtold (AES-MOM) D. Capatina (AES-MED) J. Collins (AES-MED) P. Den Hartog* (AES-MED) R. Farnsworth* (AES-CTL) G. Goeppner* (AES-MOM) J. Hoyt (AES-MOM) W. Jansma (AES-SA) J. Penicka* (AES-SA) J. Wang* (ASD-PS) S. Wesling (AES -SA)

Excerpts from Jim Murphy e-mail sent on January 23, 2013: “Light Source Directors: Brian Stephenson & George Srajer shared some exciting news from the APS/APS-U team with BES yesterday. The APS/APS-U team obtained the first spectra from the prototype superconducting undulator that they recently installed in the APS ring…. I encourage each of you to think how this exciting new technology could play a role in your facilities. Congratulations to the APS/APS-U team on this achievement.”

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Accelerator Science and Technology and Accelerator ... Science and Technology and Accelerator Stewardship at Argonne National Laboratory Harry Weerts for Rod Gerig HEP division & …