Accelerator Science and Beyond

Talk to prospective students

1 December 2014

Prof Andrei Seryi

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The fraction of the Nobel prizes in Physics directly

connected to accelerators is about 30%

Accelerators: high energy physics, nuclear physics, healthcare, security,

energy, life science, novel materials, industry, …

All products that are processed, treated, or inspected by particle

beams have a collective annual value of more than $500B

Tens of millions of patients receive accelerator-based diagnoses and

treatment each year in hospitals and clinics around the world

3 Consideration of use

Fun

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Niels Bohr

Thomas Edison

Louis Pasteur

What is JAI

http://www.adams-institute.ac.uk

The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science is a centre of

excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology,

created in 2004 to foster accelerator R&D in the universities

JAI is based on 3 universities: University of Oxford and RHUL

initially, with Imperial College joining JAI in 2011

JAI scale: ~25 academic professorial staff, ~15 research staff, ~10

affiliates, ~40 post-grad students, ~6-10 PhD/year in Acc. science

Sir John Adams (24 May 1920 - 3 March 1984) - the 'father' of CERN accelerators.

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within the UK SciTech ecosystem

Daresbury Science & Innovation

Campus

ISIS neutron

source Rutherford Lab & Harwell-Oxford Innovation

campus

Diamond Light

Source

Central Laser Facility

Accelerator Science &Technology

Centre

is part of the world's most highly-regarded

university fostered innovation ecosystem

Research & Enterprise RAL CLF Diamond

ISIS DL ASTeC

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JAI Faculty

George Doucas Brian Foster

Ken Peach Chris Prior Armin

Reichold

Andrei Seryi

Simon Hooker

Bucker Dangor Stewart Boogert Phil Burrows John Cobb

Ted Wilson

Riccardo Bartolini

Pavel Karataev

Roman Walczak Glenn Christian

Emmanuel

Tsesmelis Bleddyn Jones

CE

RN

Stuart Mangles Steve Rose Zulfikar Najmudin Ken Long Ivan Konoplev

Stephen Gibson

Also : JAI Academic and Industrial Affiliates (not shown)

Mike Partridge

Research Facilitator

Steve Myers

Peter Norreys

Michele Warren

JAI research directions

Enabling accelerator techniques for

scientific, medical and

energy applications

Next generation compact light sources

and laser-plasma acceleration FEL

Advanced accelerator instrumentation,

diagnostics and devices

A Centre of Excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology, providing

expertise, research, development and training in accelerator techniques, and promoting

advanced accelerator applications in science and society

John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

Particle physics

Life science

Imaging of molecules

Novel materials

Industry

Cancer therapy

Advanced feedbacks

Novel lasers

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• Far-Infrared Coherent Radiation

– CSR, CDR for beam diagnostics

– Soft-X ray and microwave source based on Thomson scattering of CDR

• Nano-resolution BPM – C, S-band (~100nm resol.)

– Special ~nm resolution

• Coherent Smith-Purcell radiation – Longitudinal diagnostics –extending to fs range

• Laser – wire

• Ultra-fast nanosecond feedback

Smith-Purcell

diagnostics

instrumentation

Laser wire

directions: Advanced Beam Instrumentation

LUXC, jointly with KEK

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• 3rd Gen Light Sources

• Future 4th Gen Light Source design

• ISIS & ESS neutron sources

• Neutrino Factory / m-cooling

• Accelerators for cancer therapy

• Ion sources

• LHC upgrade

• Linear Colliders

• FCC

directions: Enabling Acc. Techniques

→ Compact X-ray light sources based on laser-plasma acceln

→ Aim to develop practical applications

Project developed in collaboration with science centres in UK and worldwide

Rapid progress in beam energy achieved with laser-plasma acceleration shows that the synergy of accelerators, laser and plasma is revolutionizing the field of

accelerator science

1GeV acceleration in just 3cm of plasma W. Leemans, B. Nagler, A. Gonsalves, C. Toth, K. Nakamura, C.

Geddes, E. Esarey, C. B.Schroeder, & S. Hooker, Nature Physics

2006

Simulation of laser-plasma acceleration

directions: Laser-Plasma Acceleration

Laser plasma acceleration Theoretical and experimental investigations

of laser-plasma acceleration

To excite plasma oscillations: instead of a

single extremely high intensity laser pulse,

use a train of lower intensity pulses; works

theoretically, let’s try it experimentally!

If it works - tabletop lasers for plasma

accelerators, rather than national scale

facilities.

Cutting edge research at the forefront of laser

technology and accelerator science at JAI

Talk to: Simon Hooker, Roman Walczak and

Laura Corner

http://www.adams-

institute.ac.uk/research/advanced-acc

http://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/research/laser-

plasma-accelerators Roman Walczak

Laura Corner Simon Hooker 12

Laser Plasma accelerator

Modern synchrotrons (light sources) are big machines (several 100s meters).

Similar electron energies can be reached in a much more compact accelerator using the “wake” created by a laser in a gas jet.

This could be used to build an accelerator compact enough to fit in several tens of meters space but powerful enough to be used as a light source (Free Electron Laser).

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Advanced light sources

Joint efforts of laser-plasma experts with Simon

Hooker's group in Atomic and Laser Physics

(http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/hooker/) & JAI

provide a strong interdisciplinary environment

Simon Hooker

Riccardo Bartolini

Join work of Diamond Light Source

and JAI on conventional and laser-

plasma based light sources

S. M. Hooker, et al, Nature Physics 2, 696 - 699 (2006)

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FONT: Feedback On Nanosecond Timescales •Accelerator R&D for electron-positron Linear Collider

•‘Higgs Factory’

• Selected site

Japan

CERN

Making electron and positron beams hit one another at the Linear Collider

e-

e+

Ground vibrations

cause beams to

miss one another

Measure

beam position

Kick beam back

into collision

Feedback

circuit

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FONT: Feedback On Nanosecond Timescales •Philip Burrows

•Colin Perry

•Glenn Christian

•Ryan Bodenstein

•Current students:

•Neven Blaskovic

•Jack Roberts

•Davide Gamba

•Talitha Bromwich

•Contact:

•p.burrows@physics.ox.ac.uk

FONT team at ATF beamline in Japan

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New student will work with the team to:

Design and build feedback

hardware

Install in beamlines at

KEK (Japan) & CERN

Experimental tests

with electron beams

Analyse data 18

Advanced RF generation and EM diagnostics Advanced electromagnetic design for EM radiation generation, beam longitudinal profile

monitors, creation of sci & tech applications Diagnostics of single fs bunches and train of

macro-bunches for HVI, FACET, AWAKE

Intermediate

and strong

compression

Generation of broadband THz

pulses

Contour plot

of electric

field

generated

by fs bunch

Wave form and spectrum of

the signal generated by fs

bunch

Faissal

Bakkali Taheri

Huibo Zhang

George Doucas Ivan Konoplev

Hannah Harrison

MICE & Neutrino Factory Development

To understand Neutrino Flavour Oscillations build a Neutrino Factory

Intense neutrino beams Distant detectors Observe CP violation

To reach the Energy Frontier build a Multi-TeV Muon Collider

Both require ‘cooled’ muon beams ‘MICE’ COOLING DEMONSTRATION

Neutrino

Factory

Muon Collider

John Cobb

Ken Long

Synchrotron – present technology

• Charged Particles like Protons and Light Ions can kill cancer with less damage to healthy tissue than conventional radiotherapy

• Areas of research on the boundary of:

– Accelerator physics: new concepts in accelerator design

– Detector physics: new ways to diagnose, reducing dose

– Bio-medicine: more precise treatment planning

Particle Therapy Cancer Research Inst. & Gray Inst.

http://www.ptcri.ox.ac.uk/

Ken Peach Clair Timlin Mike Partridge

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• The AMULET group – Armin Reichold – John Dale post-doc – Patrick Brockill post-doc – Andrew Lancaster grad stud

• Who we work with – NPL co-ordinate metrology group

• develop absolute distance measurement technology • push the boundary on long distance measurements

– ORC: Nano fibre based saturated absorption spectroscopy – SLAC: LCLS-II undulator development

– CERN: CLIC accelerator and detector alignment

– ETALON AA: commercialise our technology for industrial applications 22

Development & applications of Frequency Scanning

Interferometry

20m measurements at NPL

1 μm

mean = 4.6

nm/m

sigma = 180

nm/m

world record 20m absolute! deep sub-micron drift resolution Highlights

test undulator with FSI interferometers at SLAC

Helmholtz Virtual Institute

Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Plasma Wakefield Acceleration

Simon Hooker

Riccardo Bartolini

Ivan Konoplev

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Proton plasma wakefield

• Plasma Sources: (Imperial)

0.36 Torr: n0 ≈ 1.2×1016 cm-3

n*/n0 ≈ 10-6

1 m

• Z. Najmudin, Peter Norreys,

Phil Burrows (ICL & OX)

Phil Burrows Peter Norreys

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Preliminary parameters (FCC-hh):

CM energy 100 TeV

Circumference 100 km

Dipole field 16 Tesla

Peak Lumi 5E34 cm-2s-1

100 km pp-collider with options of e+-e- and p-e

FCC = Future Circular Collider

Many interesting challenges!

Total E in the beam 8GJ!

Many inventions are needed!

8GJ (= 1 Airbus 380 at 720km/h)

Accelerator science is also attractive because… Accelerator science demonstrates rich history of inventions, often inspired by the nature itself, and more inventions – from you – are needed!

Integrated Helical Solenoid, absorbers

and accelerating resonators

Muon Collider cooling channel

... may have been inspired by the

shape of DNA

• Whether you are more inclined towards theory, or hardware development, or simulations, there are tasks that will interest you

• Knowledge gained and developed has connections and applicable to surprisingly remote disciplines

From stock

market

predictions

to Planetary

motions

Accelerator science is also attractive because…

JAI alumni are in high demand and working in great places

…

AMULET: Armin &

Patrick

For JAI topics, talk to:

Laser-plasma acceleration, compact light sources, HZ VI:

Riccardo Laura & & Simon Roman

LC & Fast Feedback: Phil & Glenn

Advanced RF: Ivan

Muons & n : John

Particle therapy: Mike, Ken & Clair

FCC or any other: Andrei

AWAKE: Peter