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Acc
eler
ato
r P
hy
sics
Ch
alle
ng
es o
f th
e
Inte
rnat
ional
Lin
ear
Co
llid
er
G.
Dugan
Lab
ora
tory
for
Ele
men
tary
-Par
ticl
e P
hysi
cs*,
Corn
ell
Univ
ersi
ty, It
hac
a, N
Y
July
15, 2005
12th
Inte
rnat
ional
Work
shop o
n R
F
Super
conduct
ivit
y, It
hac
a, N
Y
*S
upport
ed b
y t
he
Nat
ion
al S
cien
ce F
oun
dat
ion
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
2
Ph
ysi
cs p
ara
met
ers
for
the
ILC
•E
cmad
just
able
fro
m 2
00
–5
00
GeV
•L
um
ino
sity
∫Ld
t=
50
0 f
b-1
in 4
yea
rs
•E
ner
gy
sta
bil
ity
and
pre
cisi
on
bel
ow
0.1
%
•E
lect
ron
po
lari
zati
on o
f at
lea
st 8
0%
•T
he
mac
hin
e m
ust
be
up
gra
dea
ble
to
1 T
eV
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
3
Key
acc
eler
ato
r p
hysi
cs c
hal
len
ge:
ach
iev
ing
th
e li
nea
r co
llid
er l
um
ino
sity
•M
axim
ize
the
bea
m p
ow
er-
–L
imit
ed b
y t
he
wal
l p
lug p
ow
er a
nd
rf -
> b
eam
po
wer
eff
icie
ncy
•M
inim
ize
the
ver
tica
l b
eam
siz
e at
the
IP
–L
imit
ed b
y t
he
bea
m e
mit
tan
ce p
rov
ided
by t
he
inje
ctor,
em
itta
nce
d
ilu
tio
n i
n t
he
lin
ac, an
d t
he
fin
al f
ocu
s o
pti
cs.
•S
tab
iliz
e th
e ver
tica
l b
eam
posi
tion
at
the
IP
–L
imit
ed b
y c
om
po
nen
t p
hysi
cal
mo
tion
(n
atu
ral
gro
und
mo
tio
n,
man
-m
ade
sou
rces
) an
d E
M f
ield
flu
ctu
atio
ns
•A
chie
ve
the
req
uir
ed a
vail
ab
ilit
y
L10
34cm
−2s−
1[
]≈121
NγH
D(
)Pb
MW
[]
Eb
GeV
[]
1
σy
nm
[](f
lat
bea
ms)
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
4
Lin
ear
coll
ider
lu
min
osi
ty p
aram
eter
s
L10
34cm
−2s−
1[
]≈121
NγH
D(
)Pb
MW
[]
Eb
GeV
[]
1
σy
nm
[]
1.7
2.1
Dis
rup
tion
en
han
cem
ent
HD
250
46
Bea
m e
ner
gy [
GeV
]
5.7
650
Ver
tica
l rm
s bea
m s
ize
at I
P [
nm
]
20
0.0
03
Lu
min
osi
ty [
10
33
cm-2
s-1]
1.3
1.1
Bea
mst
ralu
ng
pho
ton
s/el
ectr
on N
γ
11.3
0.0
35
Bea
m p
ow
er/b
eam
[M
W]
ILC
SL
CP
aram
eter
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
5
mai
n lin
acbu
nch
com
pres
sor
dam
pin
grin
g
sour
ce
pre-
acce
lera
tor
collim
atio
n
final
focu
s IP
extr
actio
n&
dum
p
KeV
few
GeV
few
GeV
few
GeV
250-
500
GeV
Des
ign S
tart
ing
Poin
t
Su
per
con
du
ctin
g R
F M
ain
Lin
ac
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
6
Des
ign f
ocu
s: g
ener
atin
g a
nd
coll
idin
g h
igh p
ow
er, lo
w
emit
tan
ce b
eam
s
•B
eam
gen
era
tion
:p
osi
tro
n s
ou
rce
•E
mit
tan
ce r
edu
ctio
n:
dam
pin
g r
ing
s
•H
igh
eff
icie
ncy
acc
eler
ati
on
an
d e
mit
tan
ce
pre
serv
ati
on
:su
per
condu
ctin
g l
inac
s
•B
eam
del
iver
y:
bea
m t
ran
spo
rt,
dem
agn
ific
atio
n,co
llis
ion
mai
nte
nan
ce,
spen
t
bea
m d
isp
osa
l
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
7
Posi
tron s
ourc
e ch
alle
ng
es
Gen
era
tin
g a
hig
h f
lux
of
po
sitr
on
s:h
igh
po
wer
targ
et d
esig
n a
nd
en
gin
eeri
ng
Ca
ptu
rin
g t
he
flu
x:
adia
bat
ic m
atch
ing
sy
stem
s,
lon
g p
uls
en
orm
al c
on
du
ctin
g R
Fsy
stem
s
Op
era
tio
na
l fl
exib
ilit
y
Pro
vid
ing a
po
lari
zati
on
op
tio
n
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
8
B=
0.7
5 T
5 m
m g
ap
Conven
tional
sourc
e
Undula
tor-
bas
ed s
ourc
e
Po
sitr
on s
ourc
e
op
tion
s
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
9
Dam
pin
g r
ing c
hal
leng
es
•B
un
ch t
rain
com
pre
ssio
n:
requir
es f
ast
kic
ker
(<
20 n
s r.
t.)
•C
oll
ecti
ve
effe
cts:
inte
ract
ion o
f th
e st
ore
d b
eam
s w
ith r
esid
ual
gas
ions
(fas
t io
n i
nst
abil
ity);
wit
h p
hoto
elec
trons
gen
erat
ed b
y
the
synch
rotr
on r
adia
tion (
elec
tron c
loud);
spac
e ch
arge
•A
chie
vin
g l
ow
ver
tica
l em
itta
nce
:re
quir
es a
hig
h d
egre
e of
orb
it c
ontr
ol
and b
eam
-bas
ed a
lignm
ent.
AT
F a
t K
EK
has
ac
hie
ved
a v
erti
cal
emit
tance
of
4 p
m. IL
C r
equir
emen
t is
2 p
m.
•D
yn
am
ic a
per
ture
:M
agnet
ic l
atti
ce d
esig
n r
equir
es e
xte
nsi
ve
use
of
wig
gle
r m
agnet
s. T
he
dynam
ic a
per
ture
is
lim
ited
pri
mar
ily b
y s
extu
pole
and w
iggle
r nonli
nea
riti
es.
•B
eam
jit
ter:
Gro
und m
oti
on a
nd v
ibra
tion o
f ri
ng m
agnet
s m
ust
be
contr
oll
ed;
extr
acti
on d
evic
es m
ust
be
ver
y s
table
(kic
ker
re
lati
ve
fiel
d v
aria
tion <
10
-3).
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
10
C=
17,0
00 m
Dam
pin
g
Rin
g o
pti
ons
6 k
m F
erm
ilab
rin
g
TE
SL
A:
17
km
rin
g
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
11
Mai
n l
inac
chal
lenges
•L
inac
tech
nolo
gy d
evel
op
men
t
•E
ffic
ient
tran
sfer
of
pow
er t
o t
he
bea
m (
super
conduct
ing
stru
cture
s), af
ford
abil
ity, ver
y h
igh r
elia
bil
ity.
•D
esig
n f
lexib
ilit
y t
o a
dap
t to
tech
nolo
gy a
dvan
ces.
•L
inac
bea
m d
yn
am
ics
•V
ery s
mal
l ver
tica
l em
itta
nce
s m
ust
be
acce
lera
ted i
n v
ery
long l
inac
s w
ith s
mal
l ver
tica
l em
itta
nce
gro
wth
(~
20 n
m)
and s
mal
l bea
m j
itte
r (~
0.1
σ).
•T
his
req
uir
es c
ontr
ol
of
wak
efie
lds
(low
-fre
quen
cy
stru
cture
s) a
nd p
reci
se b
eam
-com
po
nen
t al
ignm
ent.
•B
eam
-bas
ed a
lignm
ent,
req
uir
ing r
elia
ble
, hig
h
per
form
ance
, la
rge-
scal
e in
stru
men
tati
on a
nd s
ophis
tica
ted
algori
thm
s, i
s es
senti
al.
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
12
Em
itta
nce
pre
serv
atio
n i
nth
e
linac
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
13
Bea
m d
eliv
ery s
yst
ems-
chal
len
ges
•T
ran
spo
rt t
he
hig
h-e
ner
gy
bea
m f
rom
th
e en
d o
f
the
mai
nli
nac
to
th
e in
tera
ctio
n p
oin
t
•T
ran
spo
rt t
he
po
st-c
oll
isio
n s
pen
t b
eam
an
d
bea
mst
ralu
ng
to
th
e d
um
ps
•P
rov
ide
coll
imat
ion
fo
r co
ntr
ol
of
bac
kg
rou
nds
•P
rov
ide
mac
hin
e p
rote
ctio
n s
yst
ems
for
erra
nt
bea
ms
•P
rov
ide
coll
isio
np
oin
t m
ain
ten
ance
th
rou
gh
th
e
use
of
fast
fee
db
ack
sy
stem
s (i
nte
r-tr
ain
an
d
intr
a-tr
ain
)
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
14
20 m
rad I
LC
FF
9 (
x 4
)
tuneu
p
dum
p l
ines
ILC
Str
awm
an B
DS
Lay
ou
t
Mar
k W
ood
ley
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
15
AT
F-2
Tes
t
Fac
ilit
y a
t K
EK
RF
Sup
erco
ndu
ctiv
ity W
ork
shop
,
July
, 2
005
16
Concl
usi
ons
•L
inea
r co
llid
ers
requir
e ex
tensi
ve
effi
cien
t R
F s
yst
ems,
ca
pab
le o
f ac
cele
rati
ng h
igh p
ow
er b
eam
s (~
MW
) w
ith s
mal
l bea
m s
pot
size
s (~
nm
).
•A
chie
vin
g n
m s
cale
bea
m s
pots
req
uir
es g
ener
atin
g h
igh
inte
nsi
ty b
eam
s o
f el
ectr
ons
and p
osi
trons,
dam
pin
g t
he
bea
ms
to u
ltra
-low
em
itta
nce
in d
ampin
g r
ings,
tra
nsp
ort
ing
the
bea
ms
to t
he
coll
isio
n p
oin
t w
ithout
signif
ican
t em
itta
nce
gro
wth
or
unco
ntr
oll
ed b
eam
jit
ter,
and d
isposi
ng c
lean
ly o
f th
e sp
ent
bea
ms.
•B
ased
on e
xper
ience
wit
h S
LC
and s
imula
tions,
ther
e ar
e
des
igns
whic
h c
an s
atis
fy t
he
lum
inosi
ty g
oal
s, b
ut
reac
hin
g
thes
e goal
s w
ill
requir
e so
lvin
g a
num
ber
of
chal
lengin
g
pro
ble
ms
in a
ccel
erat
or
physi
cs a
nd
tech
nolo
gy.
