Accelerated World HistorySEPTEMBER 2, 2015

Warm-Up: September 2, 2015 How long did Siddhartha Gautama meditate before he reached Nirvana?

A. 21 daysB. 39 daysC. 40 daysD. 49 days

Agenda◦ Warm Up◦ Early Indian Empires◦ Debate – Who had the better empire? Gupta v. Mauryan◦ Trade Spreads Religion & Culture Discussion

Don’t forget! ◦ Reading – Chapter 3 & 7 (Guided Reading due Friday)◦ Test – Friday (Study Guide Due Friday!)

How does conquest affect culture?

India Establishes Empires400 B.C.-AD.550

Section 1: India’s First Empires

The Mauryan Empire is Established

Chandragupta Maurya Seizes Power◦ In 321 B.C. Chandragupta Maurya

seizes power, starts Mauryan Empire

Chandragupta Maurya Unifies North India◦ Chandragupta defeats Seleucus I;

north India is united for the first time

◦ Chandragupta uses taxes to support his large army

The Mauryan Empire is Established Running the Empire

◦Chandragupta’s chief adviser is Kautilya, a priest◦Chandragupta creates a bureaucratic government◦He divides the government to make it easier to rule

The Mauryan Empire is Established Life in the City and the Country◦ A Greek ambassador writes

glowing praise of the empire◦ Chandragupta’s son rules from

301 to 269 B.C., (32 years)◦ Aŝoka—Chandragupta’s

grandson, brings the empire to its height

Mahabodhi Temple, site of first temple built by Asoka (3rd century B.C.) on spot of Buddha’s enlightenment. Bihar, India

Asoka - Transformation Asoka: The Buddhist King of India

◦ Buddhism turned Asoka, the bloodthirsty king of ancient India’s Mauryan Empire, into a peace-loving ruler.

The Mauryan Empire is Established Asoka Promotes Buddhism

◦ After a bloody war with Kalinga, Asoka promotes Buddhism and peace

◦ Preaches religious toleration—accepting people of different religions

◦ Builds roads, with wells along them

A Period of Turmoil The Breakup of the Mauryan Empire

◦ Asoka dies in 232 B.C.; kingdoms in central India soon break away◦ The Andhra Dynasty dominates central India for centuries◦ Northern India receives immigrants from Greece and other parts of

Asia◦ Tamils—a people living in southern India—remain separate and

frequently war with rival peoples.

The Gupta Empire is Established Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire

◦ Chandra Gupta marries into kingship in north India in A.D. 320

◦ Starts Gupta Empire—India’s second empire; flowering of Indian civilization, especially Hindu culture (see next slide)

◦ His son Samudra Gupta expands empire with conquest

Radha and Krishna in the grove.

Painting (about 1780)

The Gupta Empire is Established Daily Life in India

◦ Majority of Indians are farmers; entire family raises crops together◦ Families are patriarchal—headed by the eldest male◦ Farmers have to contribute work to government and pay heavy

taxes◦ Some Tamil families are matriarchal—led by mother rather than

father

The Gupta Empire is Established Height of the Gupta Empire

◦ Chandra Gupta II rules from A.D. 375-415◦ He defeats the Shakas and adds western coast to empire◦ Gupta Empire sees flourishing of arts, religion, and science◦ After Chandra Gupta II dies, the empire declines

Debate: Who had the better empire?MAURYAN V. GUPTA

7.2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture

Buddhism and Hinduism Change Traditional Hindu and Buddhist Beliefs

◦ Hinduism blends Aryan beliefs and other beliefs; polytheistic—believes in many gods.

◦ To Buddhists, desire causes suffering, but suffering can be overcome.

Buddhism and Hinduism Change A More Popular Form of Buddhism

◦ Belief in bodhisattvas develops—potential Buddhas who save humanity

◦ Mahayana sect—Buddhists accepting new doctrines of worship and salvation.

◦ Theravada sect—Buddhists who follow original teachings of Buddha

◦ Wealthy Buddhist merchants build stupas—stone structures over relics

Buddhist Denominations and Schools

Buddhism

Hinayana“The Lesser Vehicle”

(Theravada)

Mahayana“The Greater Vehicle”

Zen (7th Century C.E., ChinaVietnam, Korea, Japan)

VadjrayanaTantric Buddhism

(6th-7th Century India)

Tibetan (Tibet) Shingon (Japan)

Pure Land(begins 13th Century Japan) Yogacara (4th Century C.E.)

Madhyamaka Tiantai(China, Korea, Japan)

Tendai (Japan)

Nichiren(Japan)

A Buddha image from Nepal

A “stupa”

Buddhism and Hinduism Change A Hindu Rebirth

◦ Hinduism is remote from people by time of Mauryan Empire◦ Hinduism moves toward monotheism; gods are part of one divine

force◦ Brahma—creator of the world◦ Vishnu—preserver of the world◦ Shiva—destroyer of the world

Brahma

Vishnu

Shiva

Achievements of Indian Culture Literature and the Performing Arts

◦ Kalidasa—poet and dramatist, one of India’s greatest writers◦ His skillful and emotionally stirring plays are still popular◦ Madurai writing academies create literature; 2,000 Tamil poems

survive◦ Drama and dance troupes gain popularity and travel widely

Achievements of Indian Culture Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine

◦ Ocean trade leads to advances in astronomy◦ Indian astronomers in Gupta Empire prove that the world is round.◦ Mathematicians develop the idea of zero and decimal system◦ Doctors write medical guides and make advances in surgery

The Spread of Indian Trade India’s Valuable Resources

◦ India has spices, diamonds, precious stones, and good quality wood

The Spread of Indian Trade India’s Valuable Resources

◦ India has spices, diamonds, precious stones, and good quality wood

Overland Trade, East and West◦ Trade routes called Silk Roads connect Asia and Europe◦ Indians build trading posts to take advantage of the Silk Roads

The Spread of Indian Trade Sea Trade, East and West◦Indian merchants carry goods to Rome by sea◦Merchants trade by sea with Africa, Arabia, China, Southeast Asia

The Spread of Indian Trade Effects of Indian Trade

◦ Increased trade leads to rise in banking◦Bankers lend money to merchants, careful of degree of risk

◦ Increased trade spreads Indian culture to other places◦Trade brings Hinduism, Buddhism to other lands