Accelerated World HistoryOctober 7, 2015

Warm Up – October 7, 2015

• Justinian I and Yaroslav the Wise BOTH created:

• A. armies to fight the Mongols. • B. effective legal codes.• C. alliances with the pope. • D. conflicts with the Turks

Agenda

• Rise of the Turks• Chapter 11 Guided Reading

• Reminders: • Chapter 11 Guided Reading due Thursday,

October 8th

What is the legacy of the Byzantine empire? Essential Question

Russia grows out of a blending of Slavic and Byzantine cultures and adopts Eastern Orthodox traditions.

Section 2The Russian Empire

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• Russia’s Birth • Emergence of Russian Culture

• Byzantium trades with Slavs—groups living north of Black Sea

• Eventually Slavic and Greek traditions produce Russian culture

• Geography of Russia• Russian territory: west of Ural Mountains, Black Sea to

Baltic Sea• Forests in north, hilly grasslands in south; three great

rivers

The Russian Empire

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The Russian Empire

• Slavs and Vikings • In 800s, Vikings settle among Slavs; move to

Kiev• Vikings and Slavs mix cultures, become one.

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Kiev Becomes Orthodox• Princess Olga of Kiev visits Constantinople;

converts to Christianity• Her grandson, Vladimir, becomes leader of Kiev

around 980• In 989, Vladimir has all Kiev citizens baptized in

Dnieper River• Beliefs and traditions of Orthodox Christianity

flourish in Kiev

continued Russia’s Birth

SECTION

2

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Kiev’s Power and Decline

Kievan Russia• Vladimir expands Russia into Poland, and north

to Baltic Sea• Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise, rules Kiev in

1019• Forges alliances, creates legal code, builds

churches

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2

Kiev’s Decline• Yaroslav divides realm between his sons; causes

civil war• Kiev’s commerce is further weakened by the

Crusades• The Crusades—clash between Christians and

Muslims over Holy Lands

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The Mongol Invasions

The Mongols• Mongols, nomads from central Asia, begin

conquests in early 1200s • Kiev falls in 1240 to Genghis Khan’s grandson,

Batu Khan • Mongols rule much of Russia for the next 200

years

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2

Mongol Rule in Russia• Mongols give Russians many freedoms, but demand

obedience, tribute• Russian nobles such as Alexander Nevsky support

Mongols• Mongol rule isolates Russia from rest of Europe

Batu Khan

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Russia Breaks Free

The Rise of Moscow• Moscow founded in 1100s—located near

Russia’s three main rivers – Volga, Dnieper, and Don

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2

Moscow’s Powerful Princes• Moscow’s princes grow strong under Mongol rule

throughout the1300s

An Empire Emerges• Late 1400s Ivan III becomes prince of Moscow;

challenges Mongol rule• Takes the name czar, Russian for “Caesar”, and

vows to restore Russia• Russian and Mongol armies face off at Ugra River in

1480• Both armies retreat and Russia gains freedom from

Mongol rule

Turkish people convert to Islam and establish new empires that renew Muslim civilization.

Section 3:Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

• The Rise of the Turks

• Decline of the Abbasids• Powerful Abbasid Empire faces many attacks

during 700s and 800s• Persians conquer Abbasid capital, Baghdad,

in 945

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Continued . . .

Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

• The Conquering Seljuks• Turks are a nomadic group living along western border of China;

converts to Islam; Abbasids started buying Turkish children to raise them as slaves, train them as soldiers, and employed as bodyguards; they eventually would become the mamelukes (Turkish military slaves); powerful force in the Abbasid Empire

• Group led by Turkish family—the Seljuks—seizes Baghdad in 1055 from the Persians• In 1071 Seljuk sultans crush Byzantine Empire at

• Battle of Manzikert • Seljuks take most of Anatolia; bring Turks close to

Constantinople

Battle of Manzikert

The Turks Secure Persian Support• Turks seek support of Persians and embrace Persian

culture • Give Persians key posts, including that of vizier, or prime

minister• Adopt Persian language and religion—Islam

Malik Shah was one of the most famous Seljuk rulers, or shahs

• He and other shahs support Persian artists; build mosques

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The Rise of the Turks

Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols • Malik Shah Dies

• In 1092 Malik Shah dies; no capable shah replaces him• Seljuk Empire disintegrates into loose collection of minor

kingdoms • The Seljuks and the Crusaders

• Crusades begin in 1095—Christians drive Turks out of Anatolia• In 1099, Crusaders capture Jerusalem; massacre Muslims

and Jews• Fragment of Seljuk Empire fights back, Muslims recover

Jerusalem• Captain Saladin allows Western pilgrims access to Christian

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Continued . . .

Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols • Seljuks Face the Mongols

• Mongol armies under leader Hulagu capture Baghdad in 1258

• Hulagu, Genghis Kahn’s grandson, burns palace, kills Abbasid caliph; rolled him up in a carpet and had him trampled to death by horses

• Ends Turkish rule with much bloodshed• Mongol rule only lasted a couple of generations. A

new group of Turks rose after the Mongol Empire crumbled….the Ottomans.

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