ACADEMIC INTEGRITYACADEMIC INTEGRITY

When Honesty When Honesty ISIS the the Best PolicyBest Policy

Kimberly Armstrong Silcox, J.D.Kimberly Armstrong Silcox, J.D.University Judicial OfficerUniversity Judicial OfficerEastern Connecticut State Eastern Connecticut State

UniversityUniversity

What is Academic Integrity?What is Academic Integrity?

Being honest in your academic work , Being honest in your academic work , assuring that everything you identify assuring that everything you identify as your own work actually is. as your own work actually is.

Often, students get into trouble Often, students get into trouble through lack of understanding and through lack of understanding and proper caution.proper caution.

Eastern Student Code of ConductEastern Student Code of Conduct

Part III. Prohibited ConductPart III. Prohibited Conduct

Acts of dishonesty, including but not limited to the Acts of dishonesty, including but not limited to the following: following:

a. Academic misconduct, including all forms a. Academic misconduct, including all forms of cheating and plagiarism. Please note the of cheating and plagiarism. Please note the Policy on Academic Misconduct as found on Policy on Academic Misconduct as found on page 94 of this handbook.page 94 of this handbook.

Policy on Academic MisconductPolicy on Academic Misconduct

It is the responsibility of each It is the responsibility of each student to become familiar with student to become familiar with what constitutes academic what constitutes academic dishonesty and plagiarism, and dishonesty and plagiarism, and to avoid all forms of cheating to avoid all forms of cheating and plagiarism.and plagiarism.

Policy on Academic MisconductPolicy on Academic Misconduct

Students may not engage in any Students may not engage in any form of academic misconduct, form of academic misconduct, and are responsible for learning and are responsible for learning how to present the ideas of how to present the ideas of others in their own words, and others in their own words, and avoid all other forms of academic avoid all other forms of academic misconduct.misconduct.

Saying “I DIDN’T KNOW!” Saying “I DIDN’T KNOW!” DOESN’T WORK…DOESN’T WORK…

So, you may ask:So, you may ask:

What constitutes What constitutes Academic Academic

Misconduct?Misconduct?

Policy on Academic MisconductPolicy on Academic Misconduct

Academic misconduct is defined as (but not Academic misconduct is defined as (but not limitedlimited

to,) providing or receiving assistance in a manner to,) providing or receiving assistance in a manner not authorized by the instructor in the creation ofnot authorized by the instructor in the creation of

work to be submitted for academic evaluation.work to be submitted for academic evaluation.

There are There are fourfour main types of Academic main types of AcademicMisconduct:Misconduct:

Examination MisconductExamination Misconduct Improper BehaviorImproper Behavior Falsification/Misuse of Academic InformationFalsification/Misuse of Academic Information PlagiarismPlagiarism

Examination MisconductExamination Misconduct

Examination misconduct is any kind Examination misconduct is any kind of improper behavior that may of improper behavior that may occur during the taking of an occur during the taking of an assigned test/exam.assigned test/exam.

This may include:This may include: Copying from someone else’s test or Copying from someone else’s test or

letting someone else copy from your letting someone else copy from your ownown

Using an unauthorized cheat sheetUsing an unauthorized cheat sheet Using stolen tests to studyUsing stolen tests to study

This is called…This is called…

CHEATINGCHEATING

Improper BehaviorImproper Behavior

Improper behavior is any kind of action that Improper behavior is any kind of action that disrupts or compromises the learning disrupts or compromises the learning environment.environment.

This may include:This may include: Submission of the same piece of work (or very Submission of the same piece of work (or very

similar work) in more than one course without similar work) in more than one course without teacher consentteacher consent

Theft, alteration, or destruction of the academic Theft, alteration, or destruction of the academic work of other members of your academic work of other members of your academic communitycommunity

Working with another student on a project without Working with another student on a project without permission of the instructorpermission of the instructor

Classroom disruptionClassroom disruption

Falsification or Misuse of Academic Falsification or Misuse of Academic InformationInformation

Falsification/Misuse of Academic Information Falsification/Misuse of Academic Information is the act of forging records or changing is the act of forging records or changing personal information in a dishonest or personal information in a dishonest or flagrant manner.flagrant manner.

This may include:This may include: Altering a transcript for admissionAltering a transcript for admission Falsifying data on a research projectFalsifying data on a research project Having someone else sign your name on Having someone else sign your name on

an attendance sheet, or signing someone an attendance sheet, or signing someone else’s name on an attendance sheetelse’s name on an attendance sheet

PlagiarismPlagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of submitting the Plagiarism is the act of submitting the work of others as your own.work of others as your own.

Otherwise stated,Otherwise stated,

The intentional use of ideas, words or The intentional use of ideas, words or statements of another person as statements of another person as

one’s own without acknowledgment.one’s own without acknowledgment.

This may include:This may include: Copying sentences, phrases, etc. from an Copying sentences, phrases, etc. from an

outside source, such as a book, without outside source, such as a book, without the use of proper citationthe use of proper citation

Using or buying a paper written by Using or buying a paper written by someone else someone else

Selling or lending papers for the purpose Selling or lending papers for the purpose of violating academic policy of violating academic policy (This can (This can become a criminal offense!)become a criminal offense!)

Submitting a paper or project in more than Submitting a paper or project in more than one class without the consent of all of the one class without the consent of all of the instructorsinstructors

Citing a work that was referenced in Citing a work that was referenced in another work without actually consulting another work without actually consulting the original piece directlythe original piece directly

Fabrication of data or citationsFabrication of data or citations Failure to cite graphs, photographs, Failure to cite graphs, photographs,

computer software, interviews, television computer software, interviews, television programs, speeches, and any other non-programs, speeches, and any other non-written sourceswritten sources

Improper paraphrasing or summary Improper paraphrasing or summary without proper citationwithout proper citation

Consequences of Academic Consequences of Academic MisconductMisconduct

If a faculty member accuses a If a faculty member accuses a student of academic misconduct, the student of academic misconduct, the faculty member may :faculty member may :

Enter a reduced grade or a grade of Enter a reduced grade or a grade of “F” for the work “F” for the work oror for the course for the course

Assign additional course workAssign additional course work Hearing before Academic Misconduct Hearing before Academic Misconduct

CommitteeCommittee

ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT REPORTACADEMIC MISCONDUCT REPORTFaculty Member’s Name/Department__________________________________________Faculty Member’s Name/Department__________________________________________

Faculty Extension________________Faculty Extension________________

Student’s Name______________________Student ID#_____________Student’s Name______________________Student ID#_____________

Course Number/Title______________________________________Semester/Year_____Course Number/Title______________________________________Semester/Year_____

Date(s) of faculty/student meeting(s)_____________Date(s) of faculty/student meeting(s)_____________(Submit to Judicial Officer and Registrar within three working days if applicable)(Submit to Judicial Officer and Registrar within three working days if applicable)

Description of incident:Description of incident:(Please copy and attach any necessary evidence)(Please copy and attach any necessary evidence)

The student has been informed of his/her rights as described in the The student has been informed of his/her rights as described in the ECSU Student Handbook ECSU Student Handbook regarding regarding the right to appeal to the Academic Misconduct Appeals Committee? Yes_______No_______the right to appeal to the Academic Misconduct Appeals Committee? Yes_______No_______

The student is advised to review the Academic Misconduct Policy. Student appeals should be The student is advised to review the Academic Misconduct Policy. Student appeals should be filed with the Judicial Officer.filed with the Judicial Officer.

The student acknowledges a violation of the Academic Misconduct Policy? Yes_____No_____The student acknowledges a violation of the Academic Misconduct Policy? Yes_____No_____

The sanction imposed by the professor:________________________________________The sanction imposed by the professor:________________________________________

Professor’s Signature:_________________________________________Date_________Professor’s Signature:_________________________________________Date_________Sent to University Judicial Officer on:Sent to University Judicial Officer on: ____________________________________Sent to Registrar on:Sent to Registrar on: ____________________________________

Academic Misconduct CommitteeAcademic Misconduct Committee

May impose additional sanctions such May impose additional sanctions such as:as:

Academic Misconduct ProbationAcademic Misconduct Probation SuspensionSuspension ExpulsionExpulsion

When Should You Cite?When Should You Cite?

Is it your original idea?

Yes No

No need to Cite Is the information Common Knowledge?

No

Yes

No Need to Cite

Must use proper Citation

Proper Citation StylesProper Citation Styles

APA (American Psychological APA (American Psychological Association)Association)used for Social Sciences, Education, used for Social Sciences, Education, Engineering, and BusinessEngineering, and Business

MLA (Modern Language Association)MLA (Modern Language Association)used for Humanitiesused for Humanities

Chicago (or Turabian) Chicago (or Turabian) used in many fieldsused in many fields

Blue Book – Legal citationsBlue Book – Legal citations

Additional Citation StylesAdditional Citation Styles

Some Sciences use a separate citation Some Sciences use a separate citation style.style.

CSE – Biological SciencesCSE – Biological Sciences AMA – Biomedical sciences, medicine, AMA – Biomedical sciences, medicine,

nursingnursing ACS – ChemistryACS – Chemistry AIP – PhysicisAIP – Physicis AMS – Mathematics, Computer SciencesAMS – Mathematics, Computer Sciences

ExamplesExamplesTaken from Taken from The Plagiarism Handbook The Plagiarism Handbook by by

Robert Harris (2001)Robert Harris (2001)

When quoting a phrase, the author must When quoting a phrase, the author must be identified.be identified.

An expert in the field of psychology has An expert in the field of psychology has referred to it as “the absence of referred to it as “the absence of personal attribution”. (Sherwood, 1995, personal attribution”. (Sherwood, 1995, p. 354)p. 354)

““Survival of the fittest” was seen to be Survival of the fittest” was seen to be a way of explaining evolution. (Darwin, a way of explaining evolution. (Darwin, 1884, p. 32)1884, p. 32)

Parts of sentences must also be cited.Parts of sentences must also be cited.

Michael Treacy (1995) has indicated Michael Treacy (1995) has indicated that successful businesses “can no that successful businesses “can no longer raise prices in lockstep with longer raise prices in lockstep with higher costs…” (p.9)higher costs…” (p.9)

When quoting complete sentences, it When quoting complete sentences, it is best to identify the author in front of is best to identify the author in front of the material that is being summarized, the material that is being summarized, ending with the page number after the ending with the page number after the quote.quote.

Carmichael (1998) suggest that Carmichael (1998) suggest that cycling is one of the most popular cycling is one of the most popular sports in America:”The total number of sports in America:”The total number of cyclists who exercise regularly is cyclists who exercise regularly is estimated at more than 50 million.” estimated at more than 50 million.” (p.4)(p.4)

Longer material should be identified by Longer material should be identified by an indented block quotation. The an indented block quotation. The author and location must be clearly author and location must be clearly identified.identified.

In emerging adulthood theory (Arnett, In emerging adulthood theory (Arnett, 2000), the period between ages 19 and 2000), the period between ages 19 and 25 is one of exploration:25 is one of exploration:

Emerging adulthood is distinguished by Emerging adulthood is distinguished by relative relative independence from social roles and independence from social roles and from formative from formative expectations. Having left the expectations. Having left the dependency of dependency of childhood and adolescence, childhood and adolescence, and having not yet and having not yet entered adulthood, for entered adulthood, for emerging adults, this is a emerging adults, this is a time of independent time of independent exploration. exploration. (p.469)(p.469)

Even if summarizing material, mark the Even if summarizing material, mark the beginning of the summary to identify beginning of the summary to identify where the author’s ideas are being where the author’s ideas are being used.used.

The transition between childhood and The transition between childhood and adulthood is often described merely as adulthood is often described merely as adolescence. However, Arnett (2000) adolescence. However, Arnett (2000) proposes a distinct period of time which proposes a distinct period of time which he names “emerging adulthood”, a time he names “emerging adulthood”, a time when young adults start to gain when young adults start to gain independence. (p.469) independence. (p.469)

Improper ParaphrasingImproper Paraphrasing

Lack of appropriate quotationsLack of appropriate quotations

Source: As with a typical superhero, Source: As with a typical superhero, Judge Robertson thought it his duty Judge Robertson thought it his duty not only to establish justice but to not only to establish justice but to wreak equity. Smith, 2000, p. 345.wreak equity. Smith, 2000, p. 345.

Paraphrase: Judge Robertson felt Paraphrase: Judge Robertson felt duty-bound not only to labor for duty-bound not only to labor for justice but to wreak equity (Smith, justice but to wreak equity (Smith, 2000, p. 345).2000, p. 345).

Improper ParaphrasingImproper ParaphrasingUsing too many words and phrases from the Using too many words and phrases from the

originaloriginalSource: In a typical search Source: In a typical search

strategy, Boolean strategy, Boolean operators can be used to operators can be used to control both the scope of control both the scope of the search and the the search and the required proximity of required proximity of search terms. The search terms. The operator OR expands the operator OR expands the search by allowing the search by allowing the return of documents return of documents containing either search containing either search term, while the operator term, while the operator AND restricts the search by AND restricts the search by requiring both terms to be requiring both terms to be present in the document.present in the document.

Paraphrase: When Paraphrase: When searching, you can use searching, you can use Boolean operators to Boolean operators to control the scope of the control the scope of the search and search and how near how near each other the search each other the search terms are. For example, terms are. For example, the operator OR the operator OR expands the search by expands the search by returning all returning all documents documents containing either search containing either search term, term, while while AND AND restricts the search by restricts the search by requiring both terms to requiring both terms to be present.be present.

Improper Use of QuotesImproper Use of Quotes

Source: In a typical search Source: In a typical search strategy, Boolean strategy, Boolean operators can be used to operators can be used to control both the scope of control both the scope of the search and the the search and the required proximity of required proximity of search terms. The search terms. The operator OR expands the operator OR expands the search by allowing the search by allowing the return of documents return of documents containing either search containing either search term, while the operator term, while the operator AND restricts the search by AND restricts the search by requiring both terms to be requiring both terms to be present in the document.present in the document.

John Smith has said John Smith has said ““Boolean operators can Boolean operators can be used to control both be used to control both the scope of the search the scope of the search and the required and the required proximity of search proximity of search terms.”terms.” He has also He has also suggested that “suggested that “the the operator OR expands the operator OR expands the search by allowing the search by allowing the return of documents and return of documents and containing either search containing either search term, while the operator term, while the operator AND restricts the search AND restricts the search by requiring both terms by requiring both terms to be present in the to be present in the document.”document.” (Smith, 2000, (Smith, 2000, p. 246.)p. 246.)

Appropriate ParaphrasingAppropriate Paraphrasing

Source: In a typical search Source: In a typical search strategy, Boolean strategy, Boolean operators can be used to operators can be used to control both the scope of control both the scope of the search and the the search and the required proximity of required proximity of search terms. The search terms. The operator OR expands the operator OR expands the search by allowing the search by allowing the return of documents return of documents containing either search containing either search term, while the operator term, while the operator AND restricts the search by AND restricts the search by requiring both terms to be requiring both terms to be present in the document.present in the document.

According to John Smith According to John Smith (2000), using the (2000), using the appropriate forms of appropriate forms of Boolean logic can allow the Boolean logic can allow the searcher to “control both searcher to “control both the scope of the search the scope of the search and the required proximity and the required proximity of search terms.” The of search terms.” The word OR produces a hit (a word OR produces a hit (a matched document) when matched document) when either term is present, either term is present, while AND produces a hit while AND produces a hit only when both terms are only when both terms are matched in a document. matched in a document. (p. 246)(p. 246)

Sources:Sources:

Harris, Robert A. (2001). Harris, Robert A. (2001). The Plagiarism Handbook The Plagiarism Handbook . Los . Los Angeles: Pryczak Publishing.Angeles: Pryczak Publishing.

Kibler, William L., Nuss, Elizabeth M., Paterson, Brent G., Kibler, William L., Nuss, Elizabeth M., Paterson, Brent G., Pavela, Gary (1988). Pavela, Gary (1988). Academic Integrity and Student Academic Integrity and Student Development: Legal Issues and Policy ProceduresDevelopment: Legal Issues and Policy Procedures. College . College Administration Publications, Inc.Administration Publications, Inc.

Lipson, Charles (2004). Lipson, Charles (2004). Doing Honest Work in CollegeDoing Honest Work in College. . Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Student Handbook, Eastern Connecticut State University, Student Handbook, Eastern Connecticut State University, 2006-07.2006-07.