ABUL IRFAN Y∞~üP

Name of the Title: Qur'an Bhavamrutham (Telugu) (Meaning of the Holy Qur'an)

Translation of the Textmeaning with foot notes : ABUL IRFANChecking of Text Translation (1) Moulana Mohammed Omeriwith Original Text: M.A., M.Phil (See P. 909), Hyd. (2) S.M. Quadri, HeadMaster (3) Hafiz, Moulvi S.M.Rasool

Jamiatul Qur'an, Hyderabad

Checking of Arabic Text Qaari Muhammed Aarifuddinwith Original Script: Quraishi, Hyderabad

Editing and Proof reading: (1) Abdul Wahed (Telugu) (Sub-Editor, Geeturai Weekly)

Opinion On Over all Translation: (1) S.M. Mallick, Editor Geeturai Weekly, Hyderabad (2) Moulana Qalid Saifullah Rahmani, Hyderabad

All rights reserved with: Islamic Resource CentreFirst Edition to Eighth Edition 1/20004 to 10/11: 16000 Copies

Published by: Islamic Resource Centre Hyderabad-2, Ph: 9441515414

Type set by: Alifain, IRC Graphics, Hyd-2 Price: Rs. 300/-

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YOP g }~ K~> =~ ~ J= i~z~k.D k"q+ $u (Revelation) HQ*# Oxfl X~> i~KH J}y JuH+~Q x^HH Qey~k. XHi k"q+$u Q}Q}=~@ Q~@"` qx J=ì~k. Jk ^==H ()H J`~` ^H~OQLO@~k. P ~fi =H P# $u ~ xez`. ==Hf=} [` P (Ol) H^#~ HO~ Fi ^=~^~ J=ì#fl=~ P" P# iu Q=x~KO. JC_ Jiq`"# KeL~_~k. J#>H P# Q~ =K=@ .

Wu=$`~D Q~^~ =x+x ^#~k# rq` ==O #~_ ^ UH~`

HOH fHo ùfiH z~`## #i ``fiG~ H^. Wk ^=xH,^xH = =~_ =# "qH ~|~ xfl # Wu=$ ~Q fHx,^xH H=# |~ KHO~ H H=# W OJ~# Lq+QO~@~k. J~^= W~^ rq` =H ~|~k~z# =q+ =#H Hx.

Wk =lH G~ HH Wk rq`xH ~|~k~z# HO~Q =x`=efl =#= =~^ >, > q+~ =O}#~Ò~ ^=x=~^ ^` =~K= =~@~^x J_Q_Q

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7. WH _ OA=O~ K =#= rq`xfl ~i~K |#H#fl ==H()# Jyfl O* iO# H=~ ~ K =HQ, OA=O~ = e J=O~ H_ Z~` J=~# H;r=LK= h

=O 125 H@ H;r= L#fl@ O O QH H#QO. =_ uOOH #" #~_ LK ay He~KH~_. (2122)

XH" = ^x J= i~*# D Q~ ~ Qi~z gH W~ x J ~ ~> F J ~ Oz~z fHO~_. D xH~ XH =_fl = e g = Ô~ sfl KH~_. gO =~ ` D x KK~_. gs x KH`....Z~`=`~ KO...

=#+, O88888W~ #~ HQ #OHyflH _~_. uOO H~Jk OK|_ L~k. (2324)

(==^!) `xfl qfi~z `^#Q}~Q Ò KiH =~K fiO= L=#~ W=fi_xH JrqH ~|~k~z# L=#"

LQO" $+~K_. xHO"#=x K|_ XH rq =#H =OOH~Q LQ_=K. H$u O# Kk D DOA HH =O OA ZC_ Jrq J P#H i q _ rq~Ke. rq ~x u O~Q~#P# P #, =~Ke. J~ Qx, =#=_ fi~Q [=x J,WO[~Q q$~Y rq ~ Q__xH g . Yb J+H H~ _# " (Viceroy) J H=~ > O H , H~ O +HO JaOHO~ > Q}Q}, O, > xfO, > = HeQ # " #=KO=~` Jx H_ JO~.

13. nxfl |> qfi==O xOfi~K_xH xH# = = =#=xH =_ PkH k~K_. J~> =#=_fl = $+O L $+rqQ, YbQ K ~K~ J # K u x = J xH Hi~Kx P t~K_#fl=@. =#=xH k~K|_# D PkH , L $+ HO}~Q zH K_~_.

15. q=OH 7:22,23: 20:120,121 H K_~_.

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16. [H J~> q , i Jx aH JO " UO_ =O) J x iu JQ H#Q ~k. P ~fi (J xHOefl |>) J _fl #OHxH H fiOxH ~"_~ [OQ ~k. (=~)

=~H #=* K_~ Z~ qk (Obligatary duty) [H Ke~K_~H_ J~ qk. [H Ke~Kx =H e@ J x _| OH~ q+O~Q =O~ x Hxfl n Ki iK_. J||HO $H " O# x

18. =#fl J~> XH q "# M ==. Wk PH~ #~_ =~K Hi F ~H"# H. Wq Qe ZQO H~Q îH. Wq O~_ H # ~_ @ k~K|_.

19. xO~ ~zH # K@H~_, z=iH =~@x ~KH~_ i = fHx O # Q_x =_ H XH x=~

YOPx = e #"#Ô HO

qk~K_. nxfl L~~z#O QxH QO=Òx Ki~K_~ H_ [iy~k.J xO~ O* K = Li ~ fO# i =~ H =~_q.J~ = O XHOA =~ (J~> HO~x h>` x~>O. xO~OA P Q~@H K =KH >x @H ~ x L~_e. ^x =~>g Z~> H$u= =K H_L~_H_^ JO. O `= ^K`#fl ^q>, |O`~ K#flq> =xH è #H~@

20. ==H () O [ (Ol) XHO. P" F [iy# F ~@# W q=i

21. ^~ rq ~ =#= ~$uH = O~. OO = ^~ rq ~ =~Q y =[~ H_ =~z ` ~$ UO_ . J~ J= , J$ K@KH~> ` ~$ H_ qH>. J~ =J, JO, ==@, =~ ~` =O JH= ^fiO# =xH Q `. h=i "Yi Q=x rq O g J~ iH~> J` iH L~ x Q=.D q+~ O |Ô^Hefl H_ q~zO. i uXH _ "~_ @ rq~z L~_x HOH~>_. J~ > nO+~k =_ Q=xx xOHi~KO. O U uOOxH)_H~_ Jx iH +~Q KO. J K@ x iH Q .J, iH =x = Z~` =~z u~a~z =~_k. iH q+~ è=~> Z~ Q~_k! (102-103)

qfiO! gO (^==H =~^) ''H = =@ q#~_xJ#H~_. ^xH| ''H ==efl JO~ KHx=fi~_x H~_. q+O Q q#~_.2222222222 uOOH OO # HKHx L~k. (104)

xfl xOHi~KO Q~ [ =~ H *sK=. =_ uq+~ JkHO~ H_x h"~Q"? =H Ofi= fi~ J#x, P# gH=O a+ Qx, H_ Qx Ox hHe^? (105-107)

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23. WH _ _|_# ~x '~ J rq x==oO. ^xfl J=~a~K_~ =~z# r=#Oox =O Z=O fi+O? "= ~K~ (= HO #H) H~Q W

~# Z#flH

25. J~> hu, Ju^xHH~_ u q+~# = #~ >~K =[~ Jx JO~. k

WC_ =~ ~K~ ZH _ sje~z g , Oz =O `H=_xH "= q=efl H~_ sH=. (YOP

=z#@ H qfi # i~z" J _fl h _fl K. (q )

''=~H ZC_ J~ Q J # # qOKH_ P # ~KQ_.

U"#>H qfiH H O=_~ POHO"# q+"g H . x*xHH OH=_" POHO# q+~. u H+~, u #+~ qfiH [#HO#q+". J Jx H Ox HOHH_ . ZC_ ~f k~K=

>~K=K. Hx =~[~, =z ~ HH x >~K_~ = ~K~k ~# J#HO}, O= "# ==O~ H~kH=~k. O~_=k J~ #HO}, O= ~Hx ==O~ H~kH =~k.

31. D _ HO"# [~ =, H x+k~K|_. =iHxfl n HO~HH, Q_^ =~~ H_ x+^". =iHxfl>x l| KH~_ HO", i = , O QO 'l|K = =~~, W O =K@~ ~H =~ DP[ W=fi|_~k. P Q_= OH~_ L~_~ H u =H ( #=O}xH =~ ) g# xO~Kx D HK|_~k. P O H# xO~K_~` D HxP[ O ~k. (D q+~ 4= J ~ () =~k.)

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^x HO~ =_ xO~z# > U= O ZH= H= KH_ x,O HxiH U " ~ P =_=~ H Q= " (J~>i > xO) g L~_#fl =@. i^H " P~fi U^ FOA >x H_ ^> ~H~ _ = ~ L~@~k.

36. =H Jqfi =~ rq`# OO~ K ix =H = e=n

g~ O_~_x =~H P[ W=fi|_~k. J gOH_ .nx q=O HO~ =~ J~> i` = =OxH J=O ~He~Kxi` O_H_^. , , =$^, H` Q` H_ KKHO . ~@, =# _K~H_ . J=O"# "OH xHHx qxy~Ke.

37. WH _ =+ =z# '' fl J

39. q=OH 2:155-157, 29:1-3 H, > zH K_~_.40. =+ ''l J H # H~ Ofi

H, X#O qxy~z f=~Q H$+K_~, O_@~ (Struggle) Jx JO~. Dq$ =~ O@~ H_ L~k. J H=~ O@~ H~YOPiH #OH" y# tH~. Jk O= K_~. (205,206)

=iH~ O ^# =_ Z~` q_, J#Q_. (207)

qfi~z# [O! W~ iQ "t~K~_. + H gO uiy@_Q " =@H, Q `H~_! =_ OfiH=~ _, Ofi~

è# =q"H. (208-209)(Zxfl q #z*W> eK =~ H~ OZ OK

42. WH _ OO ~|~ O == H`xH, O H LO_ ~|~ ~`|_~k. O # == H ~ =~z ~@ ~_~KH=_xH Z_. xfl xfl J # K q #~ W i = q|~ ~ `y ~k.

J OO Or_ uiy q~ KH=K. nxfl ''D J~>O.

44. O O #~_ fi ~Q "O=_xH q_He~K= L~@~k. XH" J # O~_O = "M H@# K, O` Or_ ~O~ y, P O =OC_i M O Qx, O~_=i M O Qx) O q_HL O =#H~> HO~ O` uiy HO~ K=K. XH" Q_= H~

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^> (J~> =_=i O =~ Hey# O ) J # # O` HO~K_xH P# H Q =Oi q~ (xH) KH= L~@~k. J P=_=i O =~ Py fl#~ KH J # =_=i H_ M W = ~ WH P" J xH fi ~Q ~" ~k. #ifixH J=H~ .(nx Ofi 230= H K_~_. 65:1 H, ^x zH H_ K_~_.)

45. O+ = sOH~Q, =#H~Q L#fl [=` HO}~QW~ O+xH H~ PkH xz, iO=i HOKO} i efl "OK~k. W~>e efl H, |\ efl O+xH Jy~z~k. D ~} O+ =#`fixH =uOH~ H . O+e ih XHik |~k~K O =#`fixfl W~ J~wHi~K . i~=ix i [

46. D H, O,H@H @HH_ x, H~HO} H_ KHH_ x `~k. XH O Kx=~ P QO=u J~=~>, P" Q_=H~ q~K =OH L~@~kq~KQ H=O =#fl H~ }H WK O}~J#fl=@. W ^_ O~ X~ ~KHH~_. Uk K

48. WH _ i^ J~> = [ lc (J) Jx JO~. D# =xQOfl~_ ==HH k=~ ~ KO" = . è ==H [ P ~ (J)

#~_ J~u= ==H () =OH =HO iH Dx J=~a~K fiK H_k~K_. D fiK H~ O OA=O~ #_ OH ~ Pt~>, =iH~ O J=~O > ~zH ""~ _O. =_ k~z# D fiK"#H fHx O~ sfl XH î# #_ WH D sHH JO" .

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50. WH _ K H~> =^ gi, `" =Q, =Q=i~KOx JO~. D JO~ =#=efl O. >H = "H|_ Ke L~>O. O~_, ~$uH, O[H ==OH ~|~k~z# = fi~.nxfl O OAH, = QO=H, ~~x =YH ~Hq~*O. DHO}~Q~KHxWO[~ K~_ "O. D O~Q~ =xH Z~> JkHO~ x i =#.fiOO# = QO=, O , OHO H_ iH H= H~_O.WH _ W~ =H (J)` #= KH=i H_ J =#` " #H kQ_.

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52. =_ =#=xH J x =#Q_ H~ D ~K~ J =#=H_ J~ *e. = Hey#O = #, H#H, =, ~ #~_ u U_ O~_#flO ~ K# f H ^#~ Ke. nxfl[H J~>O. (2:43, 9:60 H, > zH, K_~_.)

J~ HH~_ O #~, JO, ~_, HOQ k O L #~_ H_ [H f= L~@~k. nxfl ''L+ J~>O. J L+ _kHXHi = " QH, ~= OxH ZxflO ~_ JxflO f H ^#~ Ke.=O~ = ~_ ~@ #~_ k ~, YO` H_# h>O HO~ = ~_~@ #~_ J ~ KC# L+ f H qkQ J~ *e.

53. D

54. Wg # == =_ fH =` H_ =_x ^^= x+k~K. M wH fi >, Ji> =_x xO~KO. > Laws J ''e>H J ~Qx, Y~Qx L~_ . (276-277)

qfiO! ^=xH _~_. gO x[~Q qfi~z# ~~`gH O=# =_ =k~_. gi KHO, *Q ! =x O#,P# =H O# gH =uOH~Q H@# "=_#>#x H~_.5454545454 H#H WH#~ #+~ HQhH~_ yO KH~_ "~Ke.

XH" JC fH

P# XHi '' "! =_ u#fl> J= ~k. J `H@== H~ YO@=# J=O=#flC_ J~> ==OH D +O #~_q#~ L~k. L^/H- Z=O J#=HC_ JH _HH _ [OH =~z q+~KHH. ==efl Hq~K, HxHi~K. h" = fiqq, ~OHH_q. JqfiH =uOH~Q =H ~ K. (286)

3. PeW=

1. | ~ xH "=~k L~>, =~ 313 =~k= " LO. nxfl|> D O~_ H U H~ Q~ O~).O~_, J+"#q. =H|k HO H $+~K L ~` ZC_J+"# H "~> _Ò. >H xx JO Pk~K_xHuflO. x*xH > J =~ =xH =O=iH è . nxHa#fl~Q q+i*#~ A~#O ''"= g>x #= O:) ''! h= =H (XHi)~^ gi_ J Qu _~k.O = H#, K## uOi~KO. e ~Q =_ ix iJH$` HO}~Q @H +"# ==q> gH KO: ''! "= (x#fl, h =H#) qfi~K~.= C =xfl~K. ==efl #OHyfl #~_ OH~K. gO #jO,Oz , =~ , OA=O#, q#=, ^#jO, Ou z=i_ =_fl H=aH "_H

=_ =#oH u Q~# xO~z# OA=O~ ''W~ = ". Q ==H k~z# O~ H_ W~ O". n ~|~ ~ L~_ .

J ~"k~ #~_ ~KH=_xH H J~> "Yi J=~aJ~ C . =_ q=efl ## Qi~z _~K~_. g>xuOi QO~KH~_, uOOefl =_ Z#fl>H q~K_. (3132)

44444 =_ = ~K~ #~_ P ~#, ##, W~ H@~xfl,W=

5. WH _ =+ JOc ''= = J

''D! #. (=#. x#fl #. (=^ (WC_) WÒH_ W=fi|_~^~> Jk ^=x

8. =_ # =H #~_ fH#fl DQ#~ i J#KOH_ =i~k.nx HO~ , H= ==H J= i~z# Q~ efl $gHi q~z#J~u= ==H == ()# qfi~K= L~k. qfi~KH O OH

10. Ô}~Q [ O#, ^#~, Q~Ô}~, L~, iq` ^# O, "+ O} " # >x = " Q }HOQ,OO} H x O H$u= qKH} Q_# HQ> =x UH fi~, ==H q ukH O~ sfl XH Q_Q H~kH Ki~k. J~ = =~ W~ =,^x ~ =xH Jq K_" () Jx,J x` ~ K_=~> =_fl kH i~K_" (H) Jx J

J D HOHO (=~) s =eH `H O=, qa#fl=OQ, =OQ pe XHOflHO #OH HOHO# QOq~K_~ J L~z, "i |O K_xH, "ix Jxfl q J}Q^H= PkH K@H=_xH ~ uflk. P ~ XH H~>H Hey , P #" ~ ~ ~KH~@~k. Ô` sO=O` _e ~k. (=~)

''gO XHi =~ Ox` =_ OAH_H~_ L~_@~U =HH O= ~ H . (|Mi)

''h= h =~ O_fl HH~> J xH ~ K. J # q~ HPfix P Pfi=>HH =~> gH HQ`~k H ! J~ Hx "= F_ H# T_iH hfH eK= Jx KO.

J~ Q#H H~k J~ # P x #~_ J_H~> ix H_H_QO, =# H_ H_H~>O. J J_HH ix H_ =~z"O,`= H_ =xyÒ. (|Mi)

g Z=~~H x_ P K_H =uOH~Q Q~ q JiH>~ H ufl J # H_ P #~_ ~KH~>_. K_H =uOH~Q Q~q xOk~K H H_ x_Hh~ =#

~ (WOH) ~ K~ O. +"# K#, =} =z#>H OO~ qk~KHx qa#fl=OQ pe#i gO HH~_.J~>iH O"# (#OH) # HKHx L, =iH~ i =M(>_ Y~`) #|_ ()k, gO qfi~z# O =m JqfiO?J g JqfixH O=#~Q (#OH) # KqK_~_ J~>_.nxH a#fl~Q H=~`"# =MO ^=x J#QQ~ (fiO~)~ Ò. OH _ HH~ (Y~``) L~>O. (106-107)

Wq =H. g>x hH ~Q qxH J

13. YOP #C_, ^xfl ~i~K_xH H$+ KH~_ =HQ Ò = Z~> [#~ x D n q=i~k. J~ H , J~> +=[~ qOKH_ =tH #~_ =HQ O` $_ =~ H_~KHOx Wk @~ K~k. (7:164-165, 8:25 H H_ K_~_.)

H =_ =#=#~_ i =HQ ^KO}# = " HO_~

. P# HO #fl J q+~- ~~O}H xO~ O H$+, O ~#HZ_ Qx O@~. W K#flC_ =~ =[~ +=[~ J#|_ ~k.

==H () ~~O} =Y~ ` eH# H K_~_:

''

14. Wk L^ ^xH ~|~k~z# ~@#. =H YO+ |^ ~ F_#~ # uHOK WC_ =n

16. q=OH 2:275-281, 30:38-39 H K_~_.17. H H# Qi~z ==H (~) W =z~KO:''= ~ # ix z K_ x["# OH=e H . PQ~

Hey#C_ xQ~KH zH K_~_.19. L ~ ==H () H Q #C_ P# K~|_Ox = ~u

>~k. Wk qx K=~k =~ O~ H __O. H~ O ~K_~ = fiO#iH u~Q i = #~_ =xfl~`@ O ~ fiO= fiO~ "t=#H~@

20. L ~ ==H () H~ O qH~_# F HH ~ x># QOfl~z uiy L Ofi O#~ =OH P O = e@H_ x P*~KO. Hx

^~ `= i=_~ K ^ O =ê# ^`#Hi~KH=~ #) =_ KQO. K= g ,gO g W~_ Lxfl H_y"

21. q=OH 5:64 H, ^x zH K_~_.

YOP

22. q=OH 2:155-157, 29:3 H, > zH K_~_.23. `~ # [ JO *x =_ K K~Oz#

=}O QiOz a x|O #x kfif HO_O +OQ LOk. L^:''"+ D ~=# " " x|O # =O =# " [#g# Wb O iHx ^x#yOz "i` W@

1. Ofi~ JO| J

e ~_, W O |~ = = e# P HkQ L L~k. Wq ( =)xs ">.(">x y~K_xH ~K_xH Z=iH JkHO~ .) P~H~ [OQ#flC_ "OHx (xO ) |~ =, J P"H J x P JOQ~ a~Ke. =$ _ ~`#~ Hey=#fl_~ J x e ~_ u XH iH

J x P PO=~ a~Ke.44444

J xH ~`#~ H~_ e ~_ J x O , eH =_~@ XH Q~ Wfie.55555

=$ xH J#fl =, JH K H_ L~>, eH PO= Q~ Oe.66666

=$ _ O# g. =_ = q+ Ziy#_, Z~` q"K

L~>O. W J #q[~. nxH a#fl~Q =xH, P# =HH Jq , =_ xOt~z# iq efl JuHq~Kix P# #OHyfl _"_. JH _ O ZH~ (i OH gO Z~ #O Wz=Hq=_H~_. Q_ [iy~ [iy~k. (WH=~ J~> OH_H~_.) Wk hu"# x, J~Kh"# +~^~. (22)

g , H=O, JHK, "# , # , ,"#H_, ÔH=O, gH ># #~|~^ `, gO~KH#fl #~|~ s, g O , g` ~yH ~|~~ UO_# gOH (Q O ^fiO) > g~OH} iy# H=O-

gH x+k~K|_O. (gix gO KHO .) , g` ~yH ~|~ ~UO_H~_ (o = " [iy)L~> (J~> Oefl = e i H=OeflKH=_~) Z~> C . WH H#flH_H (q ~ =# H q_H~k#) O (J~> H_) H_ gH x+k~K|_O. J~ H , XHq|~ ~ (UHH~) W O JHK# L~K_~ H_ x+ ".1212121212

Q_ [iy~ [iy~k. =_ Jq H=je, JO H$j_. (23)

( ~) gKuH zH# W O q=_# H_gH x+k~K|_O. Wk =#~. ^xfl >~K_~ g q H O~.

gO W O ~ sfl #qxQ~ ^fiO gO O__=K. J qH~ jOH} L~_eQx, fi" L~_H_ . gO i =J#q~K ^~ MxHQ# iH Ke~K=# xs =O C . =_ =~ Ziy# _ Z~` q"KH~> M Z~` J"# x.

''OHOH = = Oxfl Pfik uiQ " ~> O+# =_Ja=x~K_. H#H gO q~ KH~_, q_He=fiH~_.

12. D H O+xH qx+ ` @ Hxfl n D H_x+k~K|_O: =O , =OH=O, =#=O, =O e H=O =O s), =O ~_ H=O (=O s), =O"# , =O# , =O`, =O"#H_, =OÔ H=O. =Oî H=O. JQO+_ U Q_ P H=O, # H#fl e @ y# W O H_ ~+x q"xH x+k~K|_O. ` XHO L~_Q

g Z=iHO = Jn#~H =z# =O x # q=_e.1313131313

=xH g qfiu Q `. gO~` OO~ XH $+OtH K~k#O.H#H x # i [=# J#=u fHx q=_~_. K@~HO~ iH Ke~K=# =O H_ Ke~Ke. J ix q|~ ~ OH ~Q L~K~_. qKq_Q K_ uOQ uOQx=fiH~_.^~QK@Q = HH _hH~_.

XH" O q|~ ~H =z ~k# ~fi Ofl_ H _ J~>iH fi ~ H qk~K tH Q~ tH qk~Ke. o KHx HO}~Q = Ox+H ~Q~ HQ ~ x _iH = " DHO~ L~k. J gO (J~> iu o KHH~_) #~= Jk gH~` O~ J=Òk. ^=_ Q H=je, Jq`=_. (25)

=_ # H q=i gH Ofi~ [# #_z# @

Wz "~_. =_ OfiHQ u q+xfl Q=xO. O+ (W~> @#) #C_ =xOH} iH H_ ~>O. g =@H Z OK uOQ|_ Ox =#flH (## #) #K*~_. (J îH OH ) ix g _H#~_ "OK~_. (J>H g=@ q#H ) H@~_.1818181818 P ~fi O gHq ~ WH ix J#=O~Q "k~K_xH H " HH~_. #J~ iH~> JkH_, J #fl _# =_ L O |~ =#~_ XH =^=ix, O |~^= #~_ XH =^=ix @H~_.i O H iu KH k KH~> =_ ~ = #H Hey_. =_ Ofi*x, =~ Ziy#_. (35)

gO J He~KH~_. e ~_ @ fiO#~` ==i~K~_. |~ =, J gH #flC_ O# Ke.1919191919JQ(~Q~, gO Q_ #fl Q_ =_# == g K > >x Fi qke~z P K ` =Y~, K _KHx ==H (~)

# `

=~+efl KE ~ O#fl~_ =i"O. x[OxH x Hey~K L ~` O iH O~Q L~_k. Jk =~Q H_ L~_k. Hx^=_ i àO, uOO HO}~Q ix ~K_. J~^=i | Hk=~k Z=O `xfl qfi~KO. (46)

Q~ [O! "= (Jqfi) =M K_Q> "#H u"H=~ , xOx=~ L~~z#ix ~z#@ ix ~KH=~ "= O# D Q~ xfl qfi~K~_. Wk g QO#fl Q~ xfl H_$gHi~k. QO~KH~_, [ J= [iyfO ~k. (47)

=_ #H > He~K_xfl Z> iu# Hq~K_. Jk W O # P# KH~> Hq_. =xH (P# = fi~,Q}Q}, H=O) > He~K_=~> O=~# ~ =@H@H#fl>. (48)

(== !) h= P k Qi~z Q KCH O [H zeQ=fi _ W=fi~. H, =_ ` "iH ( =^ ) QO kOK_xJ_ O. J~>iH QQ=~_ #OHQfl y# tH. = H xOHi~z#ix "= H Jyfl q~O. JH _ i KO He#C_(xO~ O~) #OH #efl KqK~ H =m=m H KO $lO.QO~KH~_, =_ OfiH=~ _ J ~ q"K YOP~Kx ''=H (~) @ q Hey L~_~_ J~> n ## J#i~Kx JO~. JkHOeK P[ = ~ D O~_> "Q P=H # Qi~z O

O Wg ~H ==# J~>@Hx L~_e. (q )

''H=~ =QO =H }"

gO x[~Q =_fl, J~u=kO. HxJ~ H H#H#flC_ O (J=~Q) XHi =M =OHO KHQO. i H~ O =>_ ''=#~ (#OH)Jyfl #~_ ~KH=_xH H ==H (~)H q =! J~>k WC_ =#~ Jyfl H_~

Uq>? J_H~@~_Q P xC H Pi~k. J@ WH Z#fl>H Jyfl #~z |@_O H . fi ~Q #OHyfl Ja~` UHq~z#i H~ O O=# O , =iH~ O W "H |hYO* _H KOHx JO #=* KO.)z=iH D ==O~ ==H () $+H fHO. P# J~` qx P L=O Z=ih Hy~KH . ---(|Mi, =~)

(2) ==H (~) Fi H~ O J#KOefl "~@@Hx |hL=O a HO~ ==O i+i~K H_ H

K"? H@qfi` '' =_ J= i~*# ^x" O~_, =H( =) " O~_ Jx ez#C_ "~ h QOH OH~_ CHEO.Hx K* Hx`KH#fl P =z#C_ O h QOH OQ =z'' =H! "= =~z, =_ Q H=je Jx, Z~`=_x O `H

"iH O.#+~ [iy ''Wk h =~Q [iy~k J~>O. iH KC, J~` =x=. JKH~_ =Y~ uCH~> uCHx. J~>i H~ "= x#fl O"HHxQ xq~z ~ . (79-80)

"O H = ~ ''"= gH q ~ J~>O. Hx h QOfl~z"oQ iH g PkH xK_. JC_ O g``H~_ O_O. H#H O O~Q~ #~z `CHx g` ^~KH~_ OrH = (giH J#=O~Q HxH H =fiH~_.) ix"k~K_xH =_ gH Z~> HO}~ K . (90)

=iH~Ô H@O g` O_>xfl =#HxOrH OO_ ~ =#HH ix ZH _ Hx JH _ @Hx =O~_. i K~ J}K_xH "= gH i fiK W qfix =O_~ U qfiH a~K . XH"O@# =O_~ [iy J~ H XH x =~H fiKxfie.

27. W~ fiHi~z#>H W~ H~ "# =n

=O" x OH OHiO~ H_ Ke~Ke.2929292929 XH O HqJk "O q+~. J _ g =OxH K~k#_, J # qfiH_ J=O>, XH =~ xH fiKx K. JHH~_ _gO ~uX_~|_H KH#fl *uH K~k#_=~>, gO x OHOHiO~` @ XH x =~H K H_ Wfie. fiK x=fi_xHx H ~ H_ =OQ O~_ ~Ke.Wk K# C# `~` ik H=_xH =_ xO~z# x+ $fq #~. =_ =~ è#_, Z~` q"Kqfix |kOfiH~Q =i#iH #OH" y# tH. JH _J`# ZH~ _L~>_. J`x ^=x PQ~, Ja~ qOKH_ . =_ J x H~ O"# (#OH) # Oz L~K_. (93)

qfiO! gO ==O~ ^xH | i g ==O,q`=O H qKH}K K_~_. (`=OxH K~k# =H) Z=O, =x QOZ#fl>H OQx J L~_O, ==O~ #} l~z O_O- L =# HO. W~> L~_iHL~_iH) =x = J~ , =xfl~, ( =)HO}~ B#fl ~a~ #fl=@. =_ QH=je, Jq =_. (95-96)

= =H`= JO. J~> AO, J, W " 4 OH H | 2 OH = "O #=* Ke. #fl , # #=A KH

=H! h= ( O~Q~) =~ QO~_ iH P f H # @_~ C . J#>H g *Q gO~_@~ K J=O~. =_ Jqfi H~ J ~ J==#HO"# # Oz L~K_. Pq ~Q (O#) =y# ~" gO xx,HOx, _Hx Z~> u L gQ g = H_ H+_ H =i~KH. efl, qfi Hefl =_ Z#fl>H q~K_. (105-107)

gO `= K+efl [ H~@|_H~_ ^KQOQx ^=x H~@|_H~_ ^KO. O Ou" =x JcxH =uOH~Q O=~ . (112)

J * "x #fl #=*, W "x q #=* = ~ = e @H_ .=H #=*H xH =H Q k~KO. D # q#fl ==H () |+OH J#H~Q fi=fi_xH =O. iQ P =~ D H(105-113) J= i~K. JC_ ==H() P =~H =uOH~Q, xH J#H~Q fiKO.

HOH H~_=#fl ~Qu è~ . H H, ## |> fi=fiQ_. = ~ =Q HCH#fl OOeflQi~K_~ K H+"# x. J~ = Wg # XHi J=H#=" O ~ tHH QO = ~ L~@~k. J~> u ==H (~)=" O @ J

== ! h =x HO}H>H Q#H H=~> (h iuU"=~_ ), i XH =O~ x#fl C`= >~K_xH H~H}~ H@H~k.Hx O =#`= Z=ih C`= >~KO. ~ hH g" #+~ H_ He~KO. =_ h k=Q~ xfl, q"Hxfl J= i~* hHèx q+

OH=_" Ofi^ O~. $ ~Hz fi~ " ZH=Q"Q . J gO OO~ a+`, =cuO} ==i L~_~_. gO K #xfl>h =_ Q=xx (=#iQ) qfi~K~_. =_fl, P# efl, P# Q~ efl.P# =Hefl, k. `xfl qfi~z# ~fi uOi~z, =mqfi~z, uiy uOi~z, z=iH P uOO "=H Hq~K_. iHH O O.

JqfiH q[~ a~K K# Hx i` ''gH =uOH~QO_ H =H ? J- J~>O uiy qfiQ iQ}~K|_ O. fiO~KH~Ke.

''Z=iH

gO H$ A qfi"Yi J=~a =_ q=efl J#=O~QZ~ H tH_? =_ Z~` P i~K_, Ofi~ è#_ H_. (147)

=x+ `#H JO. Q qfi~, Jqfi = F(H ) =O~Hx@ eKO. W~>~ HO_Q># Jqfi. Jqfi H~ "=J ~ J==#HO"# # Oz L~K=. (150-151)

nxH a#fl~Q =_fl, P# =H# qfi~z, i = Z~>Ò = $+~KxiH "= H~_ y# u~ k=.=_ Q H=je, Jq =_. (152)

(== !) D Q~ [ = PH~ #~_ Ox `~k. = J

Q~ [ U XH _ D =O}xH Ofi~ qfi~KH~_ L~__.k

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J#H~_. J J#_~ =H P ~OH}, xOfi}H P# XH _ K. (171)

= `# =x ^ XH ^}x KCH=_xH Z#fl_ Q_ . J ~ xfl # = H_ ^xfl QK@Q q~K .XH" Z=O~# q+=x q~zJ~HO~ =~> (J~> =H XH q+~ `He), =_ =#~kx FOA ="Oz # =~ x@H~>_. (172)

JC_ qfi~z O K=#flO =H O=# uOiQ ~ Ò. =_ # H J#Q~` iH =i~ H$ ~H_ k_. =^xfl =H J==#H~"# q+~Q q~zJ~HO~ =~z#iH =@H =_ OO=# (#OH)tH qk_.=_fl H x ~OH} H~ O Z=O=ix #=H@ =~KÒ.) (173)

=#=O! g = " #~_ g QiH +"# =}~ =z~k."= (g J*#~ O~K OA=O~ K_xH) g QOH +"# *u~=. H#H =x H qfi~z P# K# Oxfl Q>Q P~z#ix P# `# HO}#Q (fiO~)H "t~*_.JnQH # QOH KOH=_xH u#flx=O~ H_ K`_. (174-175)

[ x#fl xOfiO_ q+~ QiOz J_Q ~Q~ =~ iH, ~ $uH, O[H O~Q HxflP[ W=fi|_. O~_= ~Q~ =~ hux > ^=Ô~O~Q L~_x, ^fi~^fi=}# =ê `= ==Oxfl>h ^[HO" i+i~KHx K|_~k. =_= ~Q~ ^,H= = C_ = qfi = e, J~u= ==H ()# qfi~z,P# K OA=~O J#i~Kx k~K_~ [iy~k.

HO}=_, H$QO_# =x O` O~~qfiO! x= x|~ ## iQ >~K~_. WH=~ gH

è*q =efl e# K ^hfl g H~ (PO~Q)O= ~ K|_. J (*nH) L#flC_ = ~ ">_>xflO= ~ KHH~_. =_ `# KH#fl P ~ *sK_. (1)

qfiO! =xH ~|~k~z# ( O) zfl# JQOOKH~_. x+ = U =xfl O= ~ KHH~_. |e=efl H@H~_. =xHJi~K_xH "H|_ K#Q "_ >_ H># =efl H_k~KH~_. JQ = = J#Q~, #fl # ~ L ~ùxH (HQ$xH) i *eH H_ H~_. W~ (nH)=y# O gO xO~ O~Q (H #) ">_=K.

*Q ! H~ O q=efl uxH H~_ xOk~KO#fl PQ~`qugi i Ô#~ KH_^ =! Ò, ^=HH ~|~k~z# # OO~ Hi~KH~_. J~ Qx, HO, ~Ô

|e=fi|_# = H_ x+k~K|_.11111 zH ^fiO * H~ `Hx =, ^== qO# K, x HH~>- JC_ h ÔHx H~i"# => Ly~K~_. J~> => K > >` =Y~,K O H~_.22222 =_ g rq`xfl OO~ KQO_~ . gO

H$ A L~_~ H P# q=efl i Oz, gH # J#Q#iQ k~K eK_.(6)

^=_ gH K# " QO~KH~_. P# gK` K~z#Q#~, =} H_ =OzH~_. J~> '"= qKO. ^xfl x@H~_. =xH _ =H~_.g J~ O~Q ^y=~_ O ~ P#H . (7)

qfiO! =x H~ hu x*fH H@|_L~@, g O~_ K > ( O qke~z) > =Mxfli~Ke. P ~fi =Oi K efl => g > Ku" #~z "K ^H

O~_ K efl Oê. W~k#~ [iy#C_ H_ h a~KH W q ~Q= KH=K. (W O q=OH 4:43 H, ^x zH K_~_.)

qfi = $=i [ P (Ol) W è*

i K efl gH =H~_ xOk~K_.33333 H#H =xH _ =H~_. (PO. ''=i P# gO K H q=efl Z~ H tH=#=. =_ `# z# q ~Q H~ ix Hq_ =iH~ ix tH_.=H, >H ~|~k~z# =O =x". z=iH J~ O (FOA)P# xflkH =Oe = L~k. (18)

Q~^[O! ^==H PQ=#~ Py F nOH~ Q_z~k. J~> iu =D =H WC_ g QOH =z x[ O~Qi~z# q+ gH k PO~ . O#~ *, Ki~K_ =K_. (= fi~k.) =_ uq+~ JkHO~Q J O} H~#fl_. (19)

= (J) # *u[H K# QOH`KH. J # i`W J

J =x O~" =~ H Q~_Jx JH "O. H~> h=, h= W O "o (i`) _~_."= = ~ WH _ L~_`~ J (WH i *eHH_ .)55555 =_ Hq~K_x, HO}~K_x `H~_. (33-34)

qfiO! =x @ H Hey L~_~_. P# xfl ~~ =O~ J~ ~ L~_, k#~ tH #~_ ~KH=_xH^#fl~` iO~Q Wz" KH ix tH~K~ H `fixH JkHO~ . HH P =H =uOQ@ "Yi iQ q_

=_ OfikHi, OfiH=~ _, Z~` q"H=~ _. J C K#~fi , =_ Q H=je,

JO H$j_x `H~_. =H =*xH =_ Jku JxgH e^? P# `# z# q ~Q H~ ix tH_, H~ ixHq_. P# uh KQ =O_, OfiH=~ _. (38-40)

=H! uOO~ H@Hix Qi~z h= z~u~KH. OH `= qfi~K=x KCH~>O. Hx i $ qfi~ O H~ O H_ LKq HH~>O. h QOH ZC_ Oxix _`= >~K L ~Ò ^~QK@Q h =@ q~>O. =Q~ ~ q+ ~ O#O~ L#fl>H O > J JOxfl =i"O.

O (J=H) [#~` ''Dq "# P[ W J~wHi~K~_, H J~wHi~KH~_ J~>O. XH =Hx =_ sHH QiK î ~K KH~>, WH J _fl =x @ #~_ ~K_xH h= U~ Kxfl =i" =aKOH HO_ | H>, =MxH =| Q_ g TOy~K q #~ ">=.

D =@ qx W O O"

=_ xOt~z# K@~ HO~ iO~ KxO O#. (46-47)

z=iH "= i "# D Q~ ~ h J= i~*O. Wk W~ HOfi~ =z# k=Q~ # $gHi~k. "@xfl> O~~ Hey L~k.H#H h= =_ xOt~z# K@~ HO" [ ==O i+ i~K.h QOH =z# xfl =k i =

"O h QiH =z#C_, `= qfi~K=x J~>O. Hx O= J~ O~Q Jqfi~ x~H=KO. JqfiO. i K H>"|_. W~> HOH = i ( =)~ qOKH_~k. =xK xH~Q iK L~z=O> Z~ Q~_k!! J K=~> iH~PO~ #~_ =i~z=~_k, H~k#~_ L~y=~_k. i H~ O[# H . Hx i J kH=~k O# L ~^#H QiH#=O~ .) =_ x#fl [ H_#~_ H_`_. =_ JqfiH Z#fl>H OOH Z=O ~ KO. (72)

' =_ =Qi XH_ Jx eH#O H_ x~ ~Q uOOQ =@ =#HH i (W) `xfl uOi~z#iH Ju HO"# tH _ ~k. =i W>H

"ix J_Q: ''gO ^=_fl =ê Z~> # Hey~Kx>x Z~ H POk O Jqfiefl fl Q KHH q~K_.1313131313 =_

11. H.. =_= ~ ~ =OH H= = qfi K =OH i =H`z# #H J#Q}~Q=x O` x^H~_ PO^#

gH O= ~ Kz# i == xOHK~Q u#~_, `Q~_.^~`@ gO qfi#fl =x@ H Hey=~_~_. (87-88)

gO K JO~ O~x L u =}# Qi~z =_ q=efl@H_. Hx |kOfiH~Q K =} q+~ =`~ P#q=efl H~_ xn_. (J |kOfiH~Q U ) ^xH x+ $u- gO g OH >@@=~> Q@ OH~[#~ k=~k xO H >e, |@ Wfie, XH xHfiK HeyOKe. W"g xO =_ OA L~ >~Ke. gO=}~ K ~Qi ^xH x+ $u. J~ = g =}# H_H~_. gO =x @ H$ A L~_~ H Dq ~Q P# # HgH q_=Oz kH O~Q L~_~_,1414141414 g rq ~ OH

== ~k. = ~, E^ ^fiO + ~KH~_ =Y~ uCH~> = ~ (gH #+~), P xfl ~QJ~ *_" = =H . (90-92)

qfi~z ^KO"Yi J=~a~z#O Q ~ U (J~>HOxH _=~>) ^xfl Qi~z ix xn_~ [OQ . J WH=~ O x+ q+ *eH H~_ L~_e. qfi~ O~QL~_e. =~z# K~_e. U q+ #~_ i P q+HO~Q L~_e. [ ik L#fl">~_e. =cu Hey fi

O# =He. =_ (W~>) fiO#` K "@ ^fiO =_ q=eflHi# sHH QiK#_H~_. XH" Z=O "H|_ Ke~K = xO = xHx+$uQ H~Ô ^H J#fl^#~ Ke. ^ ^xH =#=~#L >~Ke. Dq ~Q O `= K# xH _`= ~ =_ ^xH fHO~ K_x `H~_. =_ OfiH=~ _,fHO~ KQ =O_ H_. (95)

=_ gH = r"# ">_>xfl, ">x u#_xfl O= ~K_. ^x= gH, `> }HH [#~ L~k. J gOnH L#fl~ =OH _. =_

14. D P ~ "=_# O = ~ x+k~K|_~ x, WH#~_ Z=~=^~ =@_~Qx, J=_~Qx KH_^x ^==H () |O~Q H@#K~KO. D H@# q#Qhg H z OO. POA =n

H uxfl =#= H~ ~u x~Q K_. q =#, |e=efl, >"_ @_# H_ (D HxH ^ _qQK_). =_ =Hx =O Ziy#_x, U== P# *#ikH Jf ~Q x gO `H=_xH W K_. (9697)

QO~KH~_, ^=_ tH~K^KH~> J`~` Hi#~Q tH_.J ^~`@ P# Q H=je, JO =_ H_. (=)~ xfl (gH) J~ *_" ==H L#fl . P ~fi g J~ O uQ # Q=x~K =_ H*=. H#H |k=~ O! (u ==O~#) =xH _ =H~_, g rq ~ OH== ~k. (100)

qfiO! g =~ "_K gH HeQ@@=~> q+#Qi~z (=H#) J_QH~_.1515151515H~> YOPx Qi~z gH q_=Oz K_~ [OQ ~k. W>=OHg= [iy#> q+~ ^=_ q=efl Hq u = [ O# HqOx P L~@~k. O`= =}~ K# O O~_ =O~ K =}~ =H =uOH~QL~@~^"#x q~KH

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_# ~fi H_. HO. JC_ J^~ P#$ O J= i~z~k. =} J= i#fl~ X~> Jq "# O~gg _ H >=H qiy` J#fl~ iuH Q~~k.

HO}=_, H$QO_# =x O` O~~=H#, pH>"Q# $+~z# =xH Hq ~

a. J#>H uOO J~ > HfiO_fl = e W O#P#H >He Q KH

[ = = #~_ =z# U K## J~wHi~KH~_ =Y~uCH~@=OH O U q+xfl Qi~z # K=KO P q+xflQi~z =~ Uq> iH fiO Q =* k~KO. "i H~ PH~#~_ +~Q =O~ Hi~KO. D>H ZC_ (i) ==O~ èL~_k. iH Z~> J=HqKO~ H=. "= = # J= iO*= = J`_fl =#HO~O? J~> OO Z#fl>H bH$ HO. (2021)

"= =#=~^sfl ="Oz#C_ |Ô^H` ''gOHe~KHx =Q #= ~_# O~` WC_ Z@ O? JxJ_QÒ. JC_ O =# OH~KH=_xH '' =H! "= Z#fl_| O HQ L~_ J~>O (z J| =_ ). J~ Hq~ziH "~ H ÔH . O = Z~> J| ~ He~KH~>O K_!JH _ i He ~` =@="`. (22-24)

"i H~ O h =@ Kqy q#C_ h= "i iu K Q~_!JC_ O ( H~@) ''J! Z~> u î~z~k=H!! ==efl =~i WHxH ~ Q~_. JC_ "= =

YOP

= H xOHi~KH~_ qfi Ki`~ J#~>O. "OW~ HOfi~ ^z#k D OA i=~ |@| =_~ =O. ix (WHxH) uiy ~# @ #~ =~KO. z=iH

= ~ "iH a~z~k. =x =@ Z=O =OO. Q =HHZ O#=hfl hH KO. (H#H h= #~` i efl Z O). (33-34)

XH" "i xOHO}, xO O}# h= ~KH , h H L~>q O~Q~K, PHxH xK# " "o "iH~ U O~ sfl îH fHOQ_. (Hx =#= W=fi|_# fiK i~z ix |=~ ~Q î@_~ =x Ja= ~H .) H#H h= J*x =i~KH. (=#iQ)q# qOk, YO+*uJQ_ ''"= x#fl J x J#_~ h= KO~ K#fl ^xfl = ""= J ~Q iQ}

gH Ofi~ "= J u "= O Q ix @HH Z K O. J~>ix h #~_ O~KH. i (HO) Hq+" h Z~> . JQ h (HO) H q+" iZ~> . D q+~ `H#fl O H_ h= ix hQOfl~_ èy h= OOxQ iQ}~K|_ =. (52)

( xH # K) ''= #Q~ ~k#O gO = Hefl qfi~z#Oh QOH ''gH ~u HQH! Jx ix nq~K. h = ^H}# (qfi~z# ^ Hi~K_xfl) # HO=~Q KH

P#H # ^ i J , JkHO @ Ox=fiO. z=iH J~ O = J[=x J#^=x ^QiH fHO|_Ò. QO~KH~_, xOkHOhfl P#HQ "LH #~_ q=efl H_ =O? (P =~) g~ O~Q q n#~Q "O@H_ POA (#O`#~) ~q~k. P# P[ `"#k. ()~Y~ i~K OA O*kHO=~` P# J= ~k (Jx gH è ~k). P

WC_ =}~ ~H x K H_ gO=xH _#C_, g He H O= OO_ Z=O~>O? J x Z~> =~ ~ J= i~KH >x `# H_ J= i~*K`#x J # HOH HO: ''f~_H g } |>H. gO =xg J q+ " JiQ =KO. "= gH WH~ k~z# ~`JH _ =k =KO. q=efl U^ L iOx gO q~z# g OHO DOA g QO H~_O. g OO ~|~ hfl `y.gO Z~` P@H#fl O~` DOA g#~_ H#=OQO. (94)

=_ q ~H# pe f_. P

P=>H qa#fl s qnHi

H_ Ô~Q L~_~_. H$`H _`#flO `fiOH XH> H*=. JQ qfi,Jqfi H_.) J^q^~Q JqfiH "O K#fl (K_) #=~zqQO. =H qZ=iH Jy~K =xH Q `. fiO~K KH~>_J x $ H> =, J _fl ~Hz =#_Q K_. ^~`J # (W~ =# = K) # }~ J#~ = HPHxH ZQH #fl^ J#fl@ _e`_. Dq ~Q =_ `xflqfi~Kxi g Jyfl*fi` $+~K|_# JQK~ |kr=. =#= =kiQO. gO H_ =O}#~ O~ =. (W O q=OH 7:12 HH O# zH K_~_.)

# i # ^fiO =# =~ HOx == W~H J > l#fl LxH H_ XH@x K=K.

''=#= U q ~Q =>, Qe, h>` $l~K|_O J q ~Q l#fl =>H| O, eH ZO)`, h>H| i `= PHO~, O =OH. nxfl|> l#flW~> Ô "#~ ^fiOx K=K.

''M G" _HO OO (J"iH) 'k HqH =O J

u =H HO# |> J`x ^, J~`~>. h ==#= K#fl HOefl FH~@ Q=x+ xOH _ K =y "~KH_ xP~H qk~KH*ux x+k~z#@ =_ gH" " O O` H|_#[~ = =On u#_~ x+k~z#@ =@ eH

5. ~`# xO ~ Qi~z 17:31 H, ^x zH K_~_. 6. D H @ 2:173, 5:3, 16:115 H H_ K_~_.

YOP

`xfl xOHi~KO. z=iH =tH KqKO. ix J_Q: ''nxH g QOU =H K~_. W=hfl H=~ g J#= gH~ iH x x+k~K_x J~> ^xH H~ fHO~_x KC. P q ~Q OH" Hqh= = ~ i`@ H~ W=fiH_ . "i HiHefl h= Z#fl>H J#i~KH. O = H uOi~KO. OHxfl qfi~K . Q h=H W O# > He P~H qk~K_ ` He~KH_ . e ~_ @ ^=#` =He. i ~` g ~` kH #~z L _. JC_ Jqfi`xfl qfi~z

= Oxfl peH eHQ KHx qa#fl =OQ q_#i` hH~> ~|~ ~ . i ==O~ =_ KH~>_. OK~ q> P

POA (HO `) |O"# == ~k. Z=i `~ |O=Q L~@~^ iH "H~ a~k. =~=i `~ eHQ LO@OÔ O~Q #+Ò. O =H @ JJ~ O Ja ~KO22222Wc . J # Ja ~ K"i KO

''(Wc!) $l~K= JH

''ky~_. gO~` XHiHHO =. gO XH xs H~ =OH H~ Q_= L~k. gHH _ x~, r=H~> H Z~`+#q. Wk (=G O}) =xK# XH K#. gO q+~ QOx (W ` O. Q =_ J K=x =# P*~K_x K|Ò.55555 iHKC: ''hu"# # K=x =_ Z#fl>H P*~K_. gO =xOK gH èx q+efl Qi~z =_ kO? (28)

KC: ''H q~K_. (31)

== ()! i#_Q: '' =_ # ^ H~ =u~z# DJ~HO}# Z=O x+k~KO? Z=O =_ k~z# i ==eflx+k~z#k? KC: ''W=hfl W@ ~K rq`~# qfi H"L~ tH qk~K J~@~k. ^xH ''u XH iH O>~ tH qk~K|_~k.P ~Qu gO Q~KH =_# =H ^fiO ~ P[ > #Q}~Q hu=~ "# rq ~ Q_=

L~@~k. Dq ~Q =#=_ rq`~ ~ ux xOfi~K_~ ^fiOOfi $+ rqJ =#fl #, # J x"# fiO =xfl ~ Q_.

5. YOP

P ~fi " >=O~ O~_==O~` ''(==fl~ H J#=O~Q x~kO?) =H~> gO~ H= uH_#OHyfl > J=`. W OOH "qK u~. (40-41)

= H qfi~z =~z # KO (Z~` J $+=~ .)-"= U =x+ QiO.JC_ "O fiOefl L t~z ''gH ~u HQQH! J~>O. "i~HfiO~ "t~K . Hx "t~KQ=x PtH Òz@~_ J. WH J`_fl H, Qe J, Jyfl(H}) _H g ~_@~_.J x H~ =k #OH~ "~_ H>H Òz@~_ J=H qiy XH " #~z =OH "#H _KH =K@~ Q =k H~z~KH ~k. P ~fi J O Ofi#` H_# =iH|@ i~z# F HOPHO~J`x '^+O O `H= J`xH #OH `#H ~|~k~z# ÔfiOqx~k. ^~` J # f=~Q `_ _. (J , J|^= )

=~}#O ~ rq O QiOz# i q=OH 8:51 H @ ''WqH i~O@~ #O_ "=_# ''~H #O J

K_x JO. JC_ "iH ''fiO~ "t~K~_. WH gHZ~> ~Qx, Y~Qx L~_ Jx K|_ ~k. (4849)

#OH fiOefl HH" ez ''("qH _ =_ Kh u~~H x+k~K_. "O = Oxfl P@Q, q~KHH~_("i Y~) =k

J x J#KOefl XH F_ ZH ~z H_=. = H uO i~z#"ix (h@) =~z"O. "O ( ~ H#x) J~ . (6164)

"= P *u = H "i O_ (J)x ~=. J # ix~k ''# KO~. Q ''e! h= ==efl OQ_#fl P tH Uq> WH fHOK^~. h= x[~Q ==H= Dx K K Jx qOO.

z=iH P~ ~ T = =~ i =z_~k. ^~` O= W~_ O_ Tiq_KO. e D #H $~ K ''K~~_ Jx n =z~k. [ Je (Ol) HO~ W~> ~KHx xOk~K_~ Qi~z =#=_ Pz~K_~ .

YOP

=O~ Hi~KO. K_, P H Z~> Ou >~^! (83-84)"= =

Dq ~Q "= uOO $ H> ="? Jx J_QO. ^xH= ''g~ _"~_ Jh KHKH fiK ~k. (117)

D q ~Q ~ ~Q OA=~k. O He~z#=hfl J =xe~k. O O~Q Ol

O=~ O. =~uH D J == K J fl~Q~Q_ ''"= OfiH =# qfi~KO. =, O

i~z qx W ~ ux h"~> ~Ò. J i qOKH_##fl tH# "= H~ H~ `y~KQ

''D `H# $_~Q @Hx L~_e. W~ x q+# (=OH~_) H=su J#i~K=x h *u[# P t~K. gH~_ x, Uq+~# =H î K xiH è^? (`.) J

Q~ H_ L~k.1313131313 J # =~z# K=x ([#) P t_.K_ #~_ "i_. "iH~ i ==efl O= ~ K_. J ==efl x+k_. "i g _# (P~H) ~O `y_. "O zHH#fl ( OKO) |~ O. (163)

"i H~ O ( ~ KO~ K#fl"ix q=i) '' =_J~ "~k~K##fl H f=~Q tH~K##fl "iH gO J#=O~Q Z~ H KO? Jx J_QO. ^xH O ''g = xflk = =xfl~H HO} == ~ #fl L ~`, "O# Jq H O~QL~>O#fl P "q K| _O.

"O (K_x K#C_) '"= Hq~K|_ =x PtO.J~ =H =$ K=. (168-170)

"= H~_# He~z i Q_QQ Zu># ~@# iHQO~^? JC_ "O H~_ = =z _ ~ "#x _QO.

13. J

J~> u ''"= k~z# (`~`) Q~^xfl ^$_~Q @H~_.J~ "|_# q+ *H~ @H~_, OH O~QL~_QO Jx K=. (171)

h = P ~~ u g #~_ i q Oefl f =}~ K~z# ~ O~. JC_ "= ix HQ _ 'x PKi~KH~_ i_. + ` K_OK=O. "O J~ H~>H_ kQ*iO.1818181818 "O iQ U=O@H #O. (179)

=_ =~zOH JO_. Pxfl =~z O q~z# P =~K# =O

=~ P#fl"~ "#x _ Pz~KO? (Wxfl x Ox "O@H~_, Jq g "O PH" KÔ. #_=_xH >H"H"

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è ~k. + O. Dx "O Z~> HO KO.

"i =~ h= U == i~KH ''h= hH"

x["# qfi $ =x =# = K H~~z`."i =~ =x H i~> "i qfi~ kfiQ}H$ == ~k. O= = g O~ "O O, J|_, O J@ W@ ~Q uOQ_xH, O~Q x|_ ~K_xH J#H~Q =i~k. =_, Jqfi =~ Q =z PHq~KH#fl"OH => ~ =O~ = |O =" i H *i_ O~k.

H K# Wz#> ~ O~- JC_ "i` P# ''H ~K_xH =_ Dq ~Q K_.=_ =~ q~@WkQ, fO g =~ Hz~k. H#H WH

gO K J~Y L#fl> iu Q~KH~_. JC_ gO~ K |#Q L~_O. [ q=efl iQ J~ "~kO

"#x gO _ ~_O. J~> u =_ gH =~z P~He~K_. P# `# HO` gH H, =~zLk H_J#Q~K_. gO H$ A L~>OH [efl JH _H Ox=fiH~_ xOkix

WC_ Z~ H tH~KH_ ? uxH HQ, PH##OH~ __xH =_ KH Q ~ [iy#^xfl Hq~K_~ [OQ ~k.XH" O = Ofi "Yi#Ou J~ iH è~ . (J~> O iH _~k). (38)

qfiO! JOKH~ iQ = Ofi` = O~ _. =OHH g ~OHH_ =_#x`H~_. P# J~ iH~> =~z ~OHH_, H_. (39-40)

gH a~z# =O` J^=~` ^=xH, P# =HH,|~ =H, Jx O~ K_xH, i =cu, OH [|^s=# Hey~K_xH ufl~Ke. J>HP ~~ =O OH O JH _fl~z K_x "~ K>H Oee. JKH~_ O#` H"L~>, =H L =O~ QxH O#` @ O H_ Q~=`~. (W O q=OH 7:164,165 H K_~_.)

6. q=OH 64:14,15 H, > zH K_~_.

7. ~ F_ Z # #} # >_~ H~> q~z# tH .

8. =Oxfl, = #, =

== ()! =_ "ix h H H= ~Y L#fl@ K#~ O~ QOH `KH. P# ix hH JkH~Y Q#H K L~>gO H~_ O~ H ==O~ OO~ >_HH J=~a~KH~_. "O ([#) ==O~ #~_ xOk~>O. "i HOH# =_ F H~@ Q=x u h= K Q~_!OC_ Jqfi =M, O H_ ''WH # # KqK_~_.1010101010Wk gO K* Hx `KH#fl^x O=#". J~ Qx =_# ^H Z~> JO. (50-51)

9. J~ ifi = J O u ==O~# ^=Q~^~, =H ~^ Hi# i Z OO. (YOP~Kx =~ ~ H (|OM)tH J#q~KH . ==H () =n~z =~~`=n

OhH, iH Ofi~ Qu~z#iH UQu >~^ giH J Qu_~k. O ^=x H uOi~KO. ^=_ ix i e ~Q tH~K_. =_ J ~ H=~ _, Hi#~Q tH~K_. U *uJH =i"_. Wk =x ~ ~. =_ =~q~k. "O `= = H xOHi~KO. JC_"= i H O=#~Q "ix =>~K=. Oh#"= (#_ = ~) =~z"=. "OO` O= OO. (54)

=x $+ `xfl xOHi~z ^xflH fiHi~Kx Jqfi = $+ J ~ hK. "i (=Y~Q) h` (fl)X~ ~ KHx,=cu H=>H L~~KOH =, i J_Q*_ #_K W O "ix Kc = i "ix Hi#~Q tH~K~_. W X~ ~ JuHq~Ki O=#~ K =~ L~_ . (J )

Wk LÔ}H O#|_# tH = ". W HH~_ W~H J~K~_. JQ gHèx W O $ H_ ` ~ $+~K~_. "i ~Qu gHèH#^xH i u~ gH H~_ a~k. gH = O J =~ =~kL~> "O "=~k uOOefl [~KQO. nxHO}~ uOOH J=Q OO~_~^ =~kx, "=~k L~> O~_" =~kx ^[` [~KQO. J O~Q x|_ O~Q O_"iH =_ `_Q L~>_

~ =efl iQ J}z"#~ =OH Mn# # Jn#~L~KH=_~ U ==HH a~K . gO ~zH [

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L~ x è =_ gH g#~_ fH|_# ^xH~> Z, Wk=OH H_ "O=x@ #=H^~` ==i~KO. H#H ~Q~x 1 #~z 37 =OHQ H rHO 9 J=ì~K. g>x [ J||HO (Ol) * H~ =H "o JH _ | O HH qx~KO. O~_= ~Q~x 38 #~z 72 =OH Q HrHO 9 ~Q~ J=ì~z~k.

=H YO+, W O JO Q _ fi~ #H~> J@ O=#q[$~a~KO. "O =n

i i^ ^Z`# #x Jqfi~`q~KO. J` =~ #~ `|H ~`xH KOHH, O"# ^~ =#Hx i i^ =ê "#H "o#@è~k. ^~` =~ KQ Ti Hx "#kiQO.

D q[~ ~fi W~ =i~ |~ ~AH~k. ~ #=#~_ [ `~_`~_Q =nu HQ$xfl | O H #~_ iQ q=H~ K_~, H~ ÔKO# xOe~K_~, =~# =i~` L`[OK_~, H@qfi ÔQ`# Z~_Q@_~ Z~` J=O=. g>x Qi~KD J^~ ZH=Q O#_~ [iy~k.

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g~ X_~|_H KH#fl |^"O^HH ^=x Ò#,P#=H O# X~ ~ #~_ (W) q=H H@# (qx~K): ''giH~ QO~KH~_, gO =x @#~_ U= ~ ~KHO.

=H! uOOH J ~ Hi#tH _ ~ x O qx~K!J g` X_~|_H KHx ^xfl >~K_~ Z~> HO KH=_" QH~_, gH =uOH~Q =O=iH Z~> ~ Kx |O HH D KiH =i~K . J~>i @ gO H_ X~ ~

Q_= =y^H x*fQ ==i~K~_. =_ (x*f` =H

Jqfi ( = K+ ^fiO) JqfixH J#~Q =H`"HqKHH UHfi~~ # =uOH"# qfi~, PKO HOxJO~. HQ$~ = ~K~, Wg O[~x =" O = =`KO >~K_xH ~ fiKfi ~`H, q j H ^_ #~z fi~ He~K OH}Hu~Q Wg `fixH u> Ke~K=# '' O~ J#[email protected]=~ J| (O) HO~ =" O = Hey# O+ = "l* Ke~K= L~@~k. , , =$ , J~ ,

J H@qfi H h"~@ O=_xH J~wHi~z L~_O. Hx iH =O~K Hi#"~k. iC_ =x =}~K, `= OQ uL~> H g"~@ =K=x K|Ò. (Dq ~Q) O P =~K#H_ ) Z=O =~ , Z=O J|^HO hH eL~_k.=_fl, J~u=k

HOh=~kQ) Z#fl_ x#fl = J_QO. ^=cu O}Z~> "O =xH Q `. =_fl, J~u=k q[ KH~>O. i $ J#=# OQ~ L~k.P J#=#~` ^xH~ O gH xx W|~ `z>O. Q "O g= H $+~K_x_ f=~Q ufl~KO. g W>H H~ O "i =@ Kqy q

"O =xO` =} K `= gx "#~>O. Hx"O gx H~K|_.1010101010

Wk =_ xO~z# qk. =_ Ofi~Ziy#_, = q"H=~ _. (60)

"i H~ O ==H =# ) ==H# k~KiH OOtH . (61)

"O q=efl $ OK_xH U" =} KO. Hx O (z kQ) qfi $ OK_xH =_, ==H ZH= JO. =_fl,P# =H# =uOH~K"iH #OHQfl Qu Jx iH è^? J~ O. Wk J ~ J==#HO"# tH. (6263)

D H@ = =# ^y# Oefl |@|K J ~U "HO. giH q~z=#fl` Q~ a~k. J Qq[~, O="H~. (72)

=H ()()()()()! Jqfi`, H@` O_~_. "i@ Hi#~Q ==i~K~_. "i x~ #OHO. Jk O= K_~. "O =x g =}OK `= =@1111111111 J# x J~@

==~O [i ~@O (l ) Jx J~O. (l q=~} 871= r K_O_.)~O# HO, ~K~O HO K u h '' ce HOkH =Ok.

[H =Y~ Qi~z 2:43, 2:267 H, "> zH K_~_. 11. W~#, ==H (~)# H~KiK =@.

YOP

W~ fiHi~z# ~fi (W~> qH$ K+`) uiy JqfixH _O."O (=HH =uOH~Q) U^ K#HH #=fiHx. z=OH O = O e ~Q OH~ $ qÔH~Q OkO. (81-82)

=_ x#fl ( O~Q~ #~_) uiy i QOH fHz#C_,"O x#fl ^xH | O~ H J#=u J_y "iH KC: ''gO

O J#~>O. W "~ (QA `_Hx)W~> HOxH W+_O. "i $ H">="|_. J~K WH "iH UkK) O =~K fiO=. (88-89)

" H_ K=~k =# W~> L~_=_xH P#=u~K=x H K_xH =KO. Dq ~Q =_fl, P# =H# qfi~K

12. H@qfi

=x J =}~ K#O~` W~> HO~_O. D "`xfl uOi~z#"O fiO [# q+~ Z~> J~ O~ . =_ HqOK_, HO}~K_. (91)

JQ h QOH =z "# HO~ He~K=x =#q KH#fliq+~ H_ Z~> PH} . "i q[H = #~Q ''gH K Hi#. =_ # =HJ= i~*# O~ Qi~z, ^x i efl Qi~z "iH uQ è

K~_. g PKO}"Yi WC_ L~@~^ =_, P# =H, qfiKO. P ~fi g~ J~ O Ziy# =x " =Oe~K|_ O.JC_# gO ~K~ U"q K~_"O è*_. (102-105)

=iH~ Ox P t~KO. D q ~Q O ~` xi~K|_#lOO = fi ~Q

"O H=} H~ =>=>H =x " =OÒ. P

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H "ix Ki~z=~> Q~_k H ! J Z~ H [OQ ? qfiO! g g~ (Q=Y") L#fl uOO` O_~_.(gO " H =#+ H x,) g Hi#~ L~ x "O He.=_ ^ HH"iH `_Q L~>_x `H~_. (122123)

H Q U WKC: ''

"iH~ # x Ox $+~z x=| ~Q xOfi#fl qfi=H k~k.

Ofi~ =#=_ OK~ #H` "#H L#fl $+ O `HH>@ J#=O"# xfl, xx P# He~KHx >x l~K_@! HxD

He~z ^xfl =xg " "_H~> O= OO_ Z=__?H =x Hefl J q+Q iQ}~K _H~> O= OO_=O? iu# ~ ~ O. (15-17)

"O =_fl = e =H Z~> ~Qx, #+~Qx Hey~Kx q # l Jq =# Qi~z =x QO O Kx J~>O.

''Uq>, gO =H =_ ZOQx q+~ Qi~z P#H H Q` H~KQ~z gH =uOH~Q i}q~k. ~zH M H = ". z=iH gO = QiH O= L~@~k. JC_ "=gO ~K~ L~_Q U"q K~_O gH è*=. (23)

~zH rq`xfl Dq ~Q =K: PH~ #~_ "= =O~ Hi~z#C_ " JH Q = P[ =~k. "= # )g PO # Qi~z =H è. (2829)

2. q=OH 6:41 H, ^x zH K_~_. 17:67 H H_ K_~_.

3. x[ =_fl = e | O H POk~K q i PO ##Y~_x YOP

JC_ u"_ `# K*` KH#fl HO O=#~ KqK_. "O~ ih "i J [=x QiH fH=_~ [OQ ~k.JH _ "i J|^, J H#hfl >~K `. (30)

== ()! "ix W J_Q: ''gH =H #~_ Lkx#fl =O? gO q

q#~_! =H L#fl ~` =x . q#~_! =x "Q#~ x["#k. Hx K=~k (D ~) Q~K_O . =_ (g) r=#O}H=HOH_. z=iH gO~` P# QiH KOH= L~@~k. (55-56)

=#=O! g = #~_ g QOH ` ~ =z~k. Wk g$ OQ H x"i}. nxfl fiHi~KiH Wk =O ix, HO}^x. =H! "iH è*: ''D =Qxfl =_ gH~ ~_~> Wk P# J#Q~, ^ $`fi. ^x "O P#~^ [OHe. Wk [ H__#fl ^xH~> Z~` +"#k. (57-58)

"ix J_Q: ''gH =_ k~z# ~ 55555 gO Hxfl>xx+k~KHx, =iHxfl>x O= ~ KHO. =x =@ Z#fl>H =O=. W Qq[~.== ()! "i =@H h= _H. QO=u+hfl =x Ku

=~uH =z# O = "i# t~z ''gO _ KH#flq> _~_ J

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P *uH H~ HO rq M J#q~K J=HqK~. (96-98)

h = e "~` (`xfl) qfi~KO. Hx h= [efl|=~ ~Q qfiQ =O eK? [ x UXH _ qfi~K_.|k# =_ (Jqfi)=exFi H Oz K_~_x KC "iH. xfl qfi~K#fl L O x"iH Zxfl x O O ''Wk =~ *~ =Og H x J~@

~> J # xOK~k H$ fl_Q =i`_. XH" J xH =z# P O~K "= Y~ Hey J # (`Q ~|O_ ) ''_. Q J`# qugi# ~`+~` Qifi+_`_.J [#, #jO = ~ W~> |# # iH KOx=fiO.J~>"iH ( =x QO) =xfl~, Q u= a. (9-11)

H#H h J= i#fl q+ Hxfl>x (KO~ KH~_) =k"" (J =k =!) JQ O ''D =x+ U O= OO_=O~>O? J~>"ix =x =~ "@_~ [OQ ~k. JC_ H = =HJ`~ Pk~z#O gO#x HqO. q#~_. ^=x =O~ #~_[efl xOk~K OO =~ qOKH_ ~k. (18)

D ÔO ^=_ xOt~z# =Oxfl =HHi~E OHxfluOi

"ix "#. "~ _ = = xflkH K~H=#". OO! Zy_

P# gH =O PO _ _. g=hfl J H# =OgH=. (J~> q # WH

WM @H Qi~z, WM Ofi Y @H Qi~z OK=. ^xH" ''P

J~> Ou @H_ =! *u(H ># Ou) gH~` O~ . (D = H~H K =@ =H JO" H=_~ .h= =H |#_qQ Hx K~O. ==eflZ O. ^xfl fHO=_xH ""~` P~ K_~ .Jufi ==k = " ^xH~ xO~K|_~k. (102-104)

POA U XH iH H K .Q xC _ ~> K P" _fl H_~ H ufl~k J

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H#H h=, J=O~ = e=z# h J#KO gH=fi|_# P[ HO~ = =#ox XH*uQ, XH =^~QK_. Hx iC_ qa#fl J#i [ = sfiH# x~k~K_~, +~K_~.

H#H D H} K@KH (W) =. O=#~ H~ gO Z OK_~_ "= Z OK~>=. (121)

=H xH= L#fl =~ =x Jn#~

HO}=_, H$QO_# =x O` O~~

Je-~-O. Wq `xfl +~Q è* Q~ xH K~k# H."= nxfl O#Q~ ~Q K, q+xfl JO~ KH=_xH gQ JOc+ J= i~*=. == (~)! h QOH ~ #fl D O#Q~^~ (YOP uQ è . h="iH "ixOfiH~ Qi~z ZuK O*H> H =~ x e*O

POA ~`~ "O k=~@ `= `~_ ^QiHz WJHo) # O` ''D Jx =#~Q KHe. W # =#H (q+ ) LQ_=K. =#~W _fl H_HQ

J#>H P" f="# HiH J x " Oy~k. #= K# = K_H J # H_ f="# HiH P" "Hk"_. "= _fl K_H, JjxH O~Q L~K eKO. J~ = J = ~ D" KkJ| ~. J # Kk x[~ J= ~k Jx fiK_. (26)

P" O K KH "#H Q" zxy L~k. ^~` J #(=~__ ) ''W=hfl gP_ ` =Oz. WH h~Qu-#"fi J ^+q. O K# CH H=}(H ~|~k~z#) +"# x O

= QO q~K_~ =Oz_. ^~` J? J#_Q_. ^xHP ~` '' = =! J x "= K_H ~|~k~z# K H_ K_ Jx =HH~O~` eHO. JC_ =~uO (=~ Hz) ''WC_x[~ |@_~k. J _fl = "H=_xH ufl~z#^xfl _# Ofi ''WC_gH = QO ^, QO=u+) Z~` +"#k. (5657)

(P O H

''W x q+~

gO "o g H x[~. (80-82)

(P ~fi "O fi xH uiQo = ~_H [iy# =$`~ ~ q=i~KO.) Jk qx Y (f= =#xH Q~) W J

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"O "H | H_ H~ `~ O_ O. J U*u J *ux U H P H* . (11)

PH O . q # "O@H# Hey~KHx q # Z~ H OHHQ KH"Q =#==`? Jx J_Q. JHH O He~KH#fl q H_ =x=kiQ #fl #OQ UO_`. D L=#~ ^fiO =_ `` ==Oxfl +~Q q=i =

~K ~^h iO~ H~ W=fi_xH ==Ò. (Jix xn Hi#~Q (HOefl Qi~z) qKi~K_~ [OQ ~k.22222

z=iH i x~ #OH== ~k. Jk O= K_x~. (18)

h= h J= i~*# } =x Qi~z#_, ^xfl Qi~Kx J~ _ XH> J=Ò? qA (=) ` xfl QO. (19)

P qA r=#Oo W L~@~k: "O =x` K# =}xfl i # ~QOKO. O~Q L~Kx =_ P t~z# ~|~ # O~Q L~KÒ. "O = = ^ _~>O. Hi#~Q (H~)qKO} [OQ ~ "#x _ ~>O. =

= #fl Pt #~` ==iO. JnQH, O O =}~ K ^xfl L~~KO, =_ O~Q L~Kx P t~z# ~|~ # qz#fl~KO, ~K~ H $+~KO QÒ. iH~ OH~ O= K_x~ Z OK~k.^=_ `# Hi# q^~Q H~îH W`kH~Q, =iH~îH iq`~QLk x_. O ~zH rq ~ =xy

L =#=~ sfl H OQx L~>. JH _ =$HKH_ J~ ~ .=cuO} rq O=#~ WQ L~@~k. =i uOO

rq O=#~? "iH~ #OHyfl HKHx L~@~k. (35)=H! Q`~ k=Q~^~ W=fi|_# [ "= h kOz# D

Q~ ~ @ ~`+~Q L

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J= O}: =H 14. W~ H: 52D J ~ =_ W~ =H (J) Q # #~_ "QH fHO=_xH nxfl kOK=.11111J~> "i

1. YOP

= P[ OfiH=~ _, H ~H JO_# =x =O~HJ#fl=@. =Hx J}=}= P#H K~k# .

OH rq`xH | ~zHrq`xH #qK JqfieflOfi

=_ =H# Z x=| ~Q q=efl _z> g#~ =O H $+fHOQ_. J K_~ P#H U= ~ H+~ H . (1920)

"O~` =x =~ (^+Q) x|_ O. JC_ "i (H=O J~ Qx) |# = ~Ô HO#fl

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=H! P k#~ Qi~z [O. "i =M Jyfl*fi P=i~>. u =x+H J #K# HOH u~ W=fi_xH W ~q~k. HOqKO} [~_xH=xH Z~` @ . (47-51)

Wk =#=O i H~ J= i~z# qfi[h# ~ ~. (OH) i}=# Qi~z [# Ki~K_xH, O =_ XH _#x `H=_xH, |n*#~ HO $H O=_xH ~ ~ ~|_~k. (52)

J= O}: =H 15. * (*) H:99JOa Ofi~ * JK ` DH~ #~z "oO. ("" fi ~Q L~_= Q#H)"" J~îH O~. Ofi~ Qu~z#ix H_ "= K~. WH=~ =KO H_ = $+ ~ L

"= l#fl# L+"=` H_# Jyfl*fi` $l~K=. (2627)

P ~ O~ h = = ` J#fl =@ QOKH: '' XH =#=_fl $l

== (~)! h P H! P =~ O HH#x H`|e H@HQO. (72)

z=iH (=OH ~k.D = ~ h>~ ZH=Q L~_@~ = W~ =x+ =#Q_.

=H (J)# uO i~K_~ = qfi= #~_ *u [qOKH_# cHO tH Wk. D tHH W O HO}q> H_ YOPaH =~ =aKO~ KO. (29:29)

[ (J) i =cu Hey~z "i Jqhu, Jj K+# JiH>~ H Z~` ufl~KO. Hx H~ O Z=O îH O . JC_ =_[ x, P# J#KOefl "OK>H Oe~z P ~ tH kOK_. |~_"# _` q | f="# #Q` H_# O=O~ Hi~k. J =~ H~H P @}~ J=Q Q_ tk, H~_~H, Z=H =#H Hx. |k=~ H W~ Q}O~ L~k.

* H_ =H# uOi~KO. "= i ^QiH =H ~ = x Ox qiL#fl =xfl ~ =O ukH$l~K . _ H =~k. h= (i HK+efl) $ ~`Hq~K. x~ ~Q h = OfiA_, Ofi$+HO. (8586)

"= hH =>=>H LKi~K y# U_ H k~K=. hH=#fl "# YOP . O = YOP

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=~ =H | O H "k~ qugi# O}~==H () H~ O =~# JaxH ==_xH J#=u~KO.

J~> u =_ D J ~ Jqfi =uOH HOHeflY~_, i =_#=H# q=i O# O ~ " ix eK_.O~_ " =~H Ô~ K|` #O =~Kx L^t~K_.

HO}=_, H$QO_# =x O` O~~=x P[ =z~k. ^xH~ `~ O_H. O K#fl | O

#H =_ Z~` Jf _, q _, =#fl _. P

`*#~ ~k#O ix K ''DOA ùOOH J==#~,ÔQ = J#~>O. (27)

B#, P =~K#H _ = H @|_# uOOH (DO~). = H @|_ #C_ O "~@ HiH Ofi~ H_ J Q~_.33333 (4142)

=H! hH Ofi~ H_ "= i QOH = O xflz =#=fl=HQ ~=. gH èH è#ix J_y `H~_. Q =HH_ "= +"# HÔ, k=Q~^ Wz ~=.WC_ *H (YOPO. (48-50)

2. nxfl|> u*u, uQ~ [H OA=O~ K_xH ==H=KOx `~k. H#H O ~# ==H q~z L~_=Kx K=K.

3. =H Jqfi > i~KH = qfixfl H_H=_xH =H#~_ JaxH =# =~# Qi~z WH _ q~K|_~k.

4. DHx |> =#~ x=~K =~_~

''W O =# KHH~_. =_ XH _. H#H gO =~ i

_#) =OH_ L H==~xHHoK_, q#_xH K=eK_, Pz~K_xH $^xflK_. gOH$ [ KÒ. P =O=`, Lxfl`, "~_H` gO i~K, _H =O ixQ,HO} xQ, O H@#Q J= i~z~k. (89)

=_ q=efl x O~@, `xfl q=i~z~k.

8. H 14 " * Jk g Qx, ^xH "= ~H=x _ K|Ò. Dq ~Q | O H =x =~ K J`xfl OY~_O. nxfl|> [ =x q+~ O# P O, Q> =}g H~_=

i q H~_ L~_x) =_ KH~> P#q=fl~ sfl XH *uQ, XH =[~Q K_. Hx =_ `# Hi#q ~Q H~ ix =O+ fi~ _"_ =iH~ iH OA=O~ K_.(P fOk =H ^+~ .1212121212JQH~_ Z=O L~KÒ. ^~` P# ggk KO~ He H=fi Hiy ~k. P Hiy#H=fiÒ. ~fi Z~_H f=~Q H #fl WH g _" D_O. J#>H P# #~=~z XH _, ( =_H _) Jx eHO.

[ c a

"O OH rq`xH | SH rq`xfl HOHJqfiH =_ Z#fl>H =_. i K=H, HH "_. O U=O@H QOO. H#H "~ H OH~ O~Q #+Ò. (107-109)

( xfl qfi~z# HO}~Q) _~K|_, fi~ = e =#O P ~fi ==O~ O_ Ji @ h = Q H=je, Jq =_ =#=~` =#`= H_HH ~ K~ O. (J q+

^fiO) Hx H x+k~K=."= "iH J Qi~z h= H k

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YOP=. O g OOY# qH$ ~Q =i"_xH, Wk=OH> =O~Q ( =d) = H KKH =_xH,O PHq~z# u^hfl Ofix O~_ K#Q K~. Ou K## (gq~u H~) pH>=~Q KO. JQ gO g= J#Q~(Lk)J = lc (J) =z Pxfl|OM J

YOPH = O~ J~> Uq> èx =HH Jk Z=i ^fiOx +~K # P

=aKO~ i^H H~_. Jk K "#k, O=K_ i P ~ zH K_~_.8. O# *#~, xO}, =} H~_ TQx YOP

=H! h= Y~P =O. ^~` U q+hflQ~K O. "i K=H K=_ HeO. YOP=>H h= XH _fl Qi~K q~> "O U=y~` =MO uCH~@O (=~`). K_ hQiOz Z~> =@JO@Q =iH =m|uH~z |_ =? J~>O. iH +~Q K: ''gO (Kz)Oi >~z#_ Jx KC. O (PO~`) ''J Jk ZC_ ~q~ ~>=? Jx =m J_QÒ.

''Jk Z~` O~ , fiO

=^ g H~ O.) P# gO (OE)"_HO. iHH _ U= O JO. =iH~ O M#HO r= L~_ }~ J 'r Jx Ja_O. U"#>H D O~_ OH P =#=" H Jf "# q+ Q#H g>x Qi~z H=_~ =$ =. Jf~kq+efl Qi~z PO fH~_ >x qfi~K_" |k=~ H}~.

[ J| a

== ()! "= KH~> kq+$u ^fiO hH k~z#q+xfl>h "#H fHQ~. JC_ h= =H =uOH~Q Z~>~ ~ =. Hx (J [OQ ~>) J ~` h = J#Q~.P# HO}H>H h Z~ Qx Qi~z W ~ u"ix J_Q. Jq "i=~ i~K|_#C_, Ox K) ''=! (h ==O~ K~>) h= H~_K |_H QO#@ Jx~k

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YOP K~O. |=~ ~Q =#efl = = ~H H~>O. J [iy =#qH Z#fl>H"HO ~ =. (1920)

1. J~> JH _ ~HO"# |~k@ ^~Q L#fl@ P $~ Hx~k.

W "= i iu Qi~z #QOH è*O. =x Q#~ x["# x, ~ H =~ x [ `H=_xH W KO.22222

(J D q+~ qi~z) O =~ Q q+" Z==i~K#fl =@ ^_HQO. i (^=Ô~ @ O#J=Q# Hey#) H~ O ''i (Q)g (~H zflOQ) XH Q_ H@~_.i ==O~ Qi~z "i =H Q ` J `fikHO, H= = xH_ ufl~KH. (22)

XH\ QO~KH. Uq+~ Qi~K

"iH KC: Wk g = QOfl~_ =z# O= ~. nxfl W+"#O qfi~K=K, W+~xO uO i~K=K. (gH fiK L~k.)

J ( xfl uO i~K) OO H~ "= #OHyfl OzL~K=. ~HO"# ^x *fi ix K@=> ^~z".OH _ `Q_xH h J_y#C_ HQ K=O `@ ~> h>ìH Pu^~ W=fi|_`~k. Jk i =M# f=~Q =_"~k.J ~ "# hOk! =K_ q~u =k!! (29)

WH `xfl qfi~z Ò Ki q+xH, J~> ^KO~#flH a~K=# uxfl "= Z#fl>H =$ KO. iH~O ~ x i fiO= k~_H P#Hx HO~>O. Z~ =~zu~ Jk! J #fl }H K~k# x=k!! (3031)

iH W O=H L=#~ qx~K. i XHxH "= O~_ ^H`@ WK~. >K@ YOO K@# HOK >~. = qL~K~. O~_`@ + ~Q ~_. ` # "= U HO K . P `> F H= H_ L~K~. (P U_) J xH =~z ~=z~k. ^~` J # (Q~fiO`) FOA # Oy~> q x` '' xH_fl. hH~> ZH= =~n=O~ Q_fl J H x Z~ H# ? ~`#~ i~ q+~h= ##fl hH~> H=}x q~> q~K. [iy~k.) J x ~_ @ q =z_ iQ

_z @H~k. J # # @|_ JO` =$ J~~#O K #H~@ ''J! Z~ Q~_k! Jx __. (3942)

JC_ =xH =uOH~Q J _fl U =~n=O~ P HH ~k.#~ @`# H_ J # H_HH_. JC_ è~ xH #

q === ~k. O DK@, K= #Q#Q QeH Zyi`. =xH J}=}= JkHO=~k. D ~`#~, i~ ~zH rq "OQ = ".h= $+ e ~s` Z~` +"#q, fi ~Q L~_q Ò= ". "> ^fiOh H~Q KH~>O. h = Z=iH Z~> J

fH=_~ O. Hx P g iH ~ K_xH O=. "= "i q

O~ ~ "_. Jk K = ''Uq> gO W~ O~ ~ "O? _=x O~ sfl =~K eKO? KO"# x KO J

POA "= [) XHig XHO_Ò. (f="# `H@ UO_`~k.)88888 ~Y~ i~K|_`~k."= =#=~ ih ="O~. POA "= #OHxfl uOO=~ z_O. "~ (SH rq ~) = M OKH~_J~ O. XH => q#_xH _ . (97-101)

uOO ##fl = e ZH= #+O=O q+~. (1-3)

J x "_H LOH, OQ _ =#fl@ HxO.=~ i Ô# >H x=H QQ _ O. [ D (J) ~ i=~ x=H =~# "~@ @Hx O Ofi "H P~ ~ Ò. PO" P# E*, =E* q

''JQ __. h = K| K, P x W> z>H [iy ~k. (3435)

(D [H `^ K) ''^=_

ix @. z=iH "" qH, ^xH ~|~k~z# = ==HO=Ò. J~ O z=iH = xflkH uiy O=L~k. (3940)

D Q~ ~ W~ Q q~K. J # Z~` ~ _ Q==H H_. J # ( # ~_H ` ~ K) W J

H . P# =HH, > = =#fl = $+ H =. H#Hh= Pi H~ O H=~Q^> "H~ ~ Ò. H~ O "H` `y (#OH~) _Ò. =iH~ O #OH~ O _Ò. (|Mi, =~)

5. [ Y a

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YOPH P_

J#flk. Dq ~Q "= x#fl =m h e QOH KOO. P" ~`+~Kx,kQ KO H_ x W K=.

(=O ~@#) ''h"H =Hx KO=. "= x#fl P WOH@~ #~_|@_O. ZH kQ_.

= (H=Oxfl L tOz) ''ÔQO! =x J` "H~_. JK XH = =~ ^fiO P# q=efl Ofi

h= K KH#fl q> KH. h= =J WHrq ~ = "U

k_H~@''gO ~K~ =J kOA Q_O" J~>O. (99-103)

"O =>_H~@#fl q> =H Q `. i H èqQ_ ''H , gO ~K~ XH OA = " Q_O J#~>_44444

J POA Ofi` U==`x O x#fl_Q Hf_~, ^x= gO H _=_~ [OQH_ =! WH _ gH=# HOhfl L PHe Qx, H@|@ HO QxL~_ . JQ WH _ HQx, Z~_ Qx L~_ . (113-119)

Hx + _. _ x QO "o ''P ~! H #~Hx O*kHO~ k~K H=$Hxfl K

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~_. gO~` XHiHHO =. WH=~

YOPH qfi=[ ~x q_n_xfl O K_ ?33333 JQ u}x "= h>` $l~z# q+xfl gO Q=x~K ? =i O (= $+ K Oxfl) Z~ H qfi~KO? (30)

q î_H~_ L~_~ H "= ^x Ofi`# ("HQ)`=. [ î H=_xH gQ J~ q"# =OH_ UOiK=. J~ H , PHxfl "= OH "# HCQ KO. HxgO = ~ P# x O

YOPxl_, O (qKi~K_xH #") =OÒ#fl L ~`. (58)

[#~ (* O #~z uiQz K) ''=# H D u Hey~z~^=O, K O= ÔO_ L

YOP # =H (J). [ # (J) =O~ Qi~z Z~ L t~z HO~ P# `_ =_fl "O@H zH K_~_.)

YOP~@# JC_C_ [OQ . LO _[ 1964 |=i ~zHW~> XH ~@# Qi~z =# =z~k.

P uH HO~ 1891 PQ O P kD J

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YOP Q~ =H Jqfi =uOH "Yi Qi~z L~k. O~_=Q~ W~ fiHi~z P =O~ Z OH# HH fO.11111 (P ~fi ) gO iQ

H=H KOH=_xH (q=efl +H =HO}O=_ = " ~. P *#~, =O OH fi~, (*#)H~u k~K Q~ ~H~_~K_xH =x q+~ Q~_ qOKHx=s "k~>O. J~>"_H ~K~ J==#~, Ju+ qQ`. kH K_ O=_) W@ ~Khfl, J@ OHhfl HÒ.W J# #+=~>. P ~fi O (x[) =_fl = e =H ~Qx, #+~Qx KHOx q efl iO. W =O+ fixH OH+. (1112)

"O ~Hx "_H~@

#H ~K~Qx, OH~Qx =_ Z~> ~ K_xq#fl_ XH `> ~` PHxH ZH O~ ~ "e. P O #H H~@H"# q+xfl # HH xOk~K QQ`"

KHe... W~> +"# q+` "g YOPO. P D p

W (HxO} H~). =_ xOt~z# u H q+# Z=OQOqO Jk =x $+ fi~Q iH O~.

gH Q_ e*|_#q qye# =hfl gH~ O= ~ K|_. H#H gO qQ =e. WH J _fl H QeJ OH=~ KO=. g H P# QOH KO`. gH uH` H =nî XH = =z~k. ^xfl K_Q

=OHix `^=>~KH`, ^=x O J`kH~Q i~K|_ =O,=~kO, Ks, =^, (WÒ) PO^_. =_ Z~` |__, OfiH=~ _. (40)

gO (Z~` hu=~ ), giH "= O} O*kHOq ~

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l#fl=hfl q , J ~ = ". =_ Q_, =#fl _. (6162)

=_ PH~ #~_ =O~ Hi K

Jk =O O. (9)

J~>O =#fl fiOxH O=Ò. JH _ O HH~ (Q) L~>O. (1011)

"= =#=_fl ~_~Q K=. PO ^xfl Z=HQ =O=. P Z=H =~~ H=. P

(J~ }~ ) F # # $+ =_Z~` HO_. P# xO ~ i H Q ue. z=iH gO

YOPQPy ~k. =$^~ # = g _Hn H}q[# H=~Q y ~k.J POQ=~ "# =x+ H}*xH H#O H H}~Y H~_qs "# "Q~` OQ , z=iH =x+ }xH =C `z _ ~k.

D r=H} i=}~ Ju H;"#k. O}~Q XH qbg@O i=}~100 r=H} L~>. Hxfl qQ, Hxfl z#flqQ H_ L~>. D H # XHqe g@O _= 50 #~z 200 H} ^H L~>.

u r= H}~ XH >[~, XH #H (H~ H~) L~>. >[~J@ ==, W@ #= Hx *b O~ L~@~k. W~ H} rq~K_xHH=# PO~ Z Q H, #O uH J=O"# W O Ô L~>. G" >[# O

Kx= L~@~k. P Òfi` kx k~z q x= K #) gH `Q_xH k =gH W O [~k. H "zK_~_ (z = ~ ")(2425)

z=iH # (qy) ''! gO ##fl uOi~KO. WH h" ~yOQ# HH= UO_`. #HH _ (P=) O~_OH. (1) _ PHi#HH _ (D.N.A.), (2) i #HH _ (R.N.A.). D _.. xK#H H_ Z_= "# ~_ L#fl@Wq UO_@~ = g>x '_| eH J~>O.

D _.

i ~fi "= =O*ux O~Q~H `KO. i QOH i#~_XH_fl =HQ K~=. J # '' =_fl POk~K~_. P# gH=O PO _ _. gO ( =xH) _O? J =Og H . D ~K rq " rq ~.WH _ =#~ Ke, WH _ | He =#~ (=m |uH~z) |_ H .W # =x O` J H# KO~ KH #=H_ . (33-38)

z=iH P =H (qy) ''! gO ##fl uOi~KO. WH h"x Q Q =i"O... qfi~Kxi x ~ Ò.O = = ~# Hefl, P# K#efl qfiO. = =HZ=ih > He~KO. "O Uk Kx M O KO H .H@H `, =O ` H~ "|KO. (65-67)

"O D'"}x Qi~z (ZC_ H q+~ U

XH" ~ i = =H, > L#fl $+O == J~` zO. ''J gO $HZ~^H OO? Jx J_Q. (O) ''HH, =#fl` ~ =H . (H#H) W "_H:''!

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"u~^=~ LO_^. O OO~ (=~z|O) qKi~KHOJC_ Z=i (HO) ` |O=Q L~> O H$ÒÒ.=O=i (HO) ` eHQ L~> O P qO: ''! = ÔQ" = H~ =~z~k. "=x[~Q =O+ =. ! ==efl WH _fl~z f. PO "= =m CK OO #>. (105-107)

^xH =_ J~>_: '' O~Q L~_~_. J~ _:''gOH _ H~ H~ = " LH "H~ ~ O. (116117)

== ()! Dq ~Q ##fl "_H: ''! ##fl Hq~K,

YOP

(tH) @ gO U=`~ #u "e|KH_^.22222 ix tH~K@C_H~ O qfi QO L~_e. (2)

XH =aKi =aKi}x ^ |Ô^HOex ` =O=ihq=_O . JQ XH =aKi} =aKix | O H_fl =O=ih ~__H_ .33333 qfiH W~> q~ x+k~K|_~k. (3)

j= # Jx~ ", ^xH #QO H fHOx"ix Z# HO_ | H@~_. J~> = K Hxfl WH Z#fl>HfiHi~KH~_. "O O#. S D xOfiH~ ~fi `~` xfl"_Hx `= #_=_H# ik^H#flO =`~ Ô#Q iQ}~K|_O. (i q+~) =_ H=je, =_. (45)

WH O Jx~ "# O, ^xH `= =O=O Hx H~ (W Ke:) i XHO K. [ J~> =H `fixH O KO .(O~~ z~K|_# tH H~ 4:16 H, ^x zH K_~_.)

2. _. JC_ ( =_) ''h= iq+~ ZH= =_" ? Jx J_Q`_. O ''W _flfHo #OH~ _~_ Jx P[= ~k. JQ xs tH H~> XH HO_ |ZH= tH qk~z# =OH

qfi Jj q+ ~Kx HOHH Q#H H=~> gO ^=_fl" =iQ, =xQ K_QeQO H . (1920)

qfiO! + Ox "q k, =HO#fl q> J~` =xH `. (29)

=H! qfi~z# O+ = K (O _H~_ "O ")=OH"x, = =O="# H_H"x "iH KC. "iHkK +"# u.88888 "O K #hfl =_ Q=x_. (30)

(JQ) qfi~z# = K (OO+ _H~_ "O") =OHx, = =O= H_Hx iH KC. JnQH "O = J~HO}# |>H H#|_hH_ . XH" @~ @"

YOP

|@_ C .99999 O = =H# F}` HCHe.

O, ~_, O ~_, H#flH_H, O H_H (J~>=u H_H), J#fl =, J#fl = H_H, JH K H_H,=` H"L~_ KO , ~ x, = Jn#~x ~K

x O+, P~ O~yH q+ èx O- gi Z @ WÒ =~^ `= J~^K~^, J~HO}# |O`~ KH_ . W~H `= ^z# J~HO} ~Qu [H è O =H# ~_, O k O |~ = =~ , P"W~># K#flC_ J=O" =~Q g ~_ Hu H@H=K.|@~_ `> =~ P" Hh~ #~z |>H = O =Y=Q` i ~ >~Ke. J oHO= ~Hx |~ = =~ i O >~K#=O~ .

10. Ofi~ JOa` @ J,O O #~_ =~O~OQ =#fl x==. O~_, fiKO# |=~ ~Q

Z Ho xQ =~_~. =_, Mn. " > OH~ x`fixfl WO` `, P `, fi K>` nxfl H"} J~ ~ K z~k. OH

"H~ H~ xH fiKxfix k~z~k. iO~Q x q_ H~Hxfl P *sK~k. JQ H~ PiHu~ fHx q_ Kx H_z~z~k. (W ~ q=~ 23:6 HH O# zH K_~_.)

D `=, P^` =` =~ =[~ x q"K

O*H O.=O}, #=*#, [H Ke~ (=Q~) q xOfi} #~_ (SH

""~,) "O ==O "ix Z#fl>H qi~*=.

"O Q~_ Jki, H#Q_ ~aOK k#~ Qi~z _ O. =_ = OH y# u~ W=fi_~` @ # HJ#Q~` =i~ Q~ k_#fl P _. (HO)H K_>xH =xH Z~` @ . (39)

J x iux Dq OQ H_ =K: XH `# = ~J~` pH>=~Q L~@~k. XH J O =OH J O P=iOzLO@Ok. P (x~y) HO"~ W J~ HO~ J~ HO~` (#") Q_~ HO~ J=Hx L~@~k. (J~> H>H pH>) Z=O P K H_ J xH H#O . =_ Z=iH #(*#) H~u k~K_ J xH =i Z~> H~f a~K . (40)

=H L#fl = KOKO, OH * ZyO H =_flZ i u^xH # O#, O} u Uq> `. Jq K#fl #hfl =xH `. =H=[=~` =x . J~ ~ P# xflkH = L~k. (4142)

=_ "# ""Q Z #_^fiO) `#z# iH = ~ "O Juq#~H =H QiH =O. i $ xH

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P# Q#~ K+"#

O"# JO: ''( = =! Z~ =@!!) gO Z~` i. q=efl QH~_ =OHifl OHH_Q, +H_Q K ~O

=H . (WH "iH "" KQO?) J gO "iH, "i ` =` H +~Q r=# =y k O. z=iH "O (" K#)q=fl =Oz Ofi_: ''J!

== ()! Dq ~Q "= xH h " K. (31)

''W`x "`~ YOPOJqfi. Z~ H~> "= nxfl HkHkQ (k~z) hH H}~Q OO. O, (OH) tH K#C_ _`= >~k Z=O iH `~k. (4142)

=_fl îHfHOQ? "i K=~k (h=@) q~>Ox, JO~ KH~>OxqO. H , J~ Hx z # KH= ~, O~_k Ju HO=~ "# LCh> = ~. Jq O~_ XH x`XH> HH~_ "> = XH J_ O L~@~k. P` =#=_fl$l~z, J x #~_ >, "> J ~Qx, #+~Qx Hey~Kx q^^# POk

`H=_xH P# XH _ K. P# =Hefl, > = L#fl=xfl PO OA $+~z, P O (qfi=*k) PxflQi~z è#ix J_y `H. (5659)

P HO}=xH ~Q_=x K#C_ O (uOO=~`)''Z=O HO}=_? h= Z=iH ~Q_=~> "iH ~Q_@"O. D "Yi` i uOO~ =i~ =ki~k. (60)

PH~ #H =^#, ( n=#"#) O_fl, H=~ "# K~ _fl $l~z# HfiO_ Q HO_. P. #OH~ O=K_ x~ Jx J~>O. (63-66)

"O = ~ qxy#flC_ O YOKO W@ x xOH~KO. O ''! = O ^fiO = H~>H K= k~K."= =cuOH He~K_~ (+O -4:48,116), Z=i#~ Hq~K|_ O. LÔ}H [ J|OO (Ol) è# D ~@# K_~_:

XHOA H XH = W~> =~ x#flk. ~k.

(WO\) "~ `= ~KO. x~ ~Q W~ Q K# L~k.Hx i J = L#fl =xH " J (*Q !) x#flH_ * _ =Q #fli QOH KO (`?)J

O~Q =i~k. P ~fi J # # Kux K~H> Jkq |>Hf_. Jk HH =~ n=#~Q "eyy~k. (3233)

O _"~_ JH fO. Wn i@ ==O#. WH Wb q+xH ="ix "= (J~> q"#) ==xfl>H OQ KO. (57-59)

(FOA) L Ò_Q

x~_# fiOxH Oi *a` ##fl KO. _H~>O. O (q `) '' =xH! "= gH OfiH =~ > #qz =O+ ~. J==bfl _ i >~KO. WH (==efl Z=O P H~>O?)=H=~ OKO O! U }fl`_ H_ J_ __!!J! (""~ ÔQ~!!) =Hi ~KxH uiy" J=H~a "= ( H~_) qfiÒ Jx J~>O. (96-102)

W~ QK# L~k. Hx i K=~k qfi~K OH~ H .h = Z~` H=~ _, O= =_. (103104)

#*u [ ==H# uOi~KO. iH i O_ #K# [H `KH. J # i` W J

^xH "O ''hH=O K |_ KO. #=fi =~> =#== _"Hx, =OgH . h= =~ _" ^xH x O#~ U hO `Qe. =OH OA gO~` hO _H=K. Z> iu# gOnx *eH H_ . nx *eH = ~ gg XH i =@>~k. W~ # Q K# L~k. Hx i K=~k qfi~KxO L =#== _"Qx =OgH . Q #fi> J|^HO=x "= q K# H#O=_~ ?44444 "= nxfl J~ OxJ= i~*, J # nxfl Kkq qx~zH "=iH U~_ O|_ J=Hqz zH K_~_.5. q=OH 17:16 H, ^x zH K_~_.

nxfl K H (+`#) fHx J=ì~K^. Dx >H`y#k H^. Dq^~Q Jq K= H_. Hh~ nxfl q#_xH H_J=H~ H~_ >x O~Q L~K_~ [iy~k. (210-212)

H#H == (~)! h= = ~ (UHfiO_#) J# =Ohfl i~KH. J K=~> h= H_ tH~K|_ =.66666 (213)

h Qi |~ =# ( =tH# Qi~z) @.77777 x#fl J#i#flqfi @ O$ ~` =H. J "O Q#H hH Jq ''gO K #H J.88888 (221-223)

WH H= q+xH =, "i "#H =O+, (=u q~z#O)= " #_O. "O `= Kx ">x Qi~z =>_ (^s`#flH~_) TH~ uOQ_xfl h= K_@~ ? J xfl qfi~z ^KO# H= = ~ J~>O H .99999 O =_fl J kH~Q

6. DKiH ==H ()# L t~z#k H . Wk =xH >He~K ixL t~z OH~Q K# KiH. =xH >He~K_~ O"# =H _k x DH +~ K~k.

7. O fi[H =~ Q = H@~|~ #~K OKO HO~O~a~Kx DH ``~k. J~ = ==H (~) "@" @ # Qi|~ =# FOA ="Oz W k~KO: ''J| = e ~ u [O!(z. XHi XH a (=H J#KO_) ^^ =~ Hq qx~KO. ==H (~) >x q~@, W~H KC, W~H KC Jx O=~KO. Fi uOO# H~ O H= = Hq`>=` W~, ==H(~) Z # +KO ^_ O~a~KO. JC_ ==H (~) H_ =~H=# #fl > O~Q~H k~KO.

YOP

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iO. `= Ô#~ [iy` "O P "OH =`" |^ fOH~>O.....Ô#O `= Z~> O=#~ KqK_= L~@~^fiOO. (224-227)

J= O}: =H 27. #= (p=) H: 93D JÔ rHxH PO_ O=`~H Ofi~ =H J=`

i~z~k. W~^ O~_ ~Q LH, (=H Qi~K_xH | ) ''Wk iQ=~ *~ J_ ''[O! "= H +

@ Hx~K_~ ? ZH _H~. K_ J

_xH `# =~Q gk =G~ Hu @H~k. JC_ =

"Hefl u~ =O? ~O_ [x = J_OHx \O =~? J`@ =O =_. g> OE ^^ O~_H@ L H~_H 25 #~z50 " Q~` `=O}~H t. J Li ~ #~_ 500 Z`=OH ~zL#fl Qe `H_H Jq @==`. ZC_, O~_ L g Oe_ . XHi D L z#flz#fl A " ~Y t=O~ g _@~ H_ [OQ ~k.

W r=OH xQ~Q K|_# D =~_xfl Qi~z Pz,Jk $+HO H~_ #~ @ `

x~ ~Q h= iQ ~ L =O~ K~_O? Jx tfl_ ( =_). "O K#J+iK_. gO K#fl ## Qi~z P#H Q `. (8788)

}HO z#"iH J~ H"O POA ~q~K c ~ #~_ OH ~Q L~>O. HO z#"ix O _" #OHyfl qO_~ [OQ ~k. KH#fliH KH#fl~ . J~ H~> gO =O u~ Pt~KQO? (8990)

=H! "iH KC:'' "+ O=O z~k.

YOP

J@ = = $=i $ ~ _ey~k. "="H O~Hey~KH , P" D Oxfl |@| K=~_k. P" qfiKO#fl L ~` H_ W KO. P" _ JH ` ''#qfi x "#HQ #_z" Jx K~k. P eH ## Qi~z ( =H) Z~>J#=#~ OH~_ O~ #~z J _fl Q=x #_z~k. (1011)

"= =~^Q e~_# x+k~KO.(J~ = _ U QO H_ `Q_xH ~H .) JC_eH i` ''D _ +}O~ =~KO=O, iH _

P" ~_ (=`) W J

O_ "= x#fl gi QOH =HQ ~=). (4647)

J = QOfl~_ i QOH ~ =z# O ''=H W=fi|_#" (==) W`xH~^H W=fi|_^? Jx KQO. W~`HOfi~ =H W=fi|_#>x gO uOi~K ? O (Y~PHO. (5255)

=H! h= Hi#_H

==efl POk~K . (gO = =O.Hx iH Jq Z~> = #~ W=fi=. z=iH O (#OH) # KH~>O. O Z~ Q~_k! =_ "ix ez''"= ~# =HH gO~ = #qKOx J_Q`_. JC_ "iHU~ = #q"fi `K . "O XHOflHO ~k~KHO H_. J K# CH DOA `~ K~k, `xfl qfi~z ~ ~ PKiOK"O = ~ OH _ "H~ ~ "i L~>O. (64-67)

h = KH#fl^xfl $l_. `# Hi# =Hx (=HQ) Z~KH~>_. D Z~H gO K=# xH . iH JkHO~ . "OK#fl | O #H =_ Z~`Jf _, L#fl _, O=q _. (68)

"O = $ U~ ^KO, |>H U~ "e|K H ~|~k~z# ` K=efl |e+# H~ O=H =~ JuH+~ g H QQ ~k.

Fi J x *u[ J xH L tOKO: ''q__H. q__"ix =_ q~K_. =_ hH k~z# SfiO~` OHQ$~xi~KH=_xH ufl~K. ~K~ #~_ H_ h Qxfl (OHxHfH_~) =OzH. =_ hH " K#@ h= H_ ([H) "K. O} H, $+~KH. =_ HHOefl q~K_. (7677)

D =@ qx J _ (=i~ h ) ''W ~`

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+"# ) LO. [ W~>O H_ LO. Hx O qfi xflU= O pe"_~ [iy~k. =OH_fl W~ #~_ =O_xH J x HHW# "fi# Qz Q~. =H! Dx Z> iu# # (J)= " ~= OH

~fi "= #x, (J x`@) F_ ZH#"ix OH~KO. nxfl "=~K =#=H XH K#Q, XH Q}O~Q K L~KO. (1415)

W~x (J x*u QOH) ~=. JC_ # #*uH ` ~K W Ji Z $lx " >

i Z $l~K_ JQ =m P# >#~_ r=Oefl >

P ~fi = = H KOH) |n*#~ HiH~ +"#K# (Q}O~)Q K = e>=. (3235)

= =. i x" ~èflgO KLx JO~KH~>O. =_ =Hefl ~ ukH $+~K_.qfi H~ W~ Q K# L~k. (41-44)

=H! h QOH O|_# (Y~P

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qfi# H PO~ =_ kO. H#H P =_ H ~HJO_x KC. Hx K=~k (D `xfl) Q~K_~ . (63)

D ~zH rq ~ XH P@, q) fiO

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` qOgQ`, `# Kq>_#fl@, `# ^xfl q#=Y~ uCH~>_. O, J x H~ J O H~"# # Z OK~ x O qx~K. (67)

`xfl qfi~z ^KO ~#fl#"iH QQ` x~_# fiO= ~Q L~k. OH _ HH~ (Q) L~>O. Wk =_ K#fluOQx Q#~. P# JO H=~ _, J O} q"H=~ _. (89)

P# gH QKi~K P Og H~_L~_ PHxfl $+~K_.q q=efl fHx îH~_ L~_~ H P# ^x Ofi``_. P# O} qq OH [~ =efl ~*_. PH~ #~_=O~ Hi~z fi~ q OHOH =~z K@ "Hux OQ# =i(O)

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= =Q~ J q=O g H HO~ " ~=ÒH=#"# XH k#~22222 P# xflkH KO`. (5)

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P# gH K=eK_, HoK_, $ xflK_. Hx gO = ~(P#H) K H=Q H$ [ K O. "qz# Lk #~_ (= =O~) YO _O. W~>(Q}H)O = H qfiO. "O KH#fl OH u~Q i H# K|iK JOfi=y iH~ ^K|_L~k.44444 ^xflQi~z U =x+H è . (Jk Tf "# J =Q~.) (13-17)

`xfl qfi~z#_, OO_# =H~> "_ HQ_? gi OZ#fl>H =# HO. `xfl qfi~z ^KO ~#fl~#"iH "i OH u~Q fiO=,">x q#H~_ =Y~ uCH O= OO_ Z=O~>O?W~> H "= H~_ fHO~ K=. (2122)

Ofi~ "= =H Q~ ~ k~K=. H#H WC_ J~>=" a~K_~ @ h= J#=

r 3= U@, +fiH, qH~_ K# XH O@ = K= H#fl@#@~k "i iu. ^~` = =Oi xH _`fl O~a~KO. L^ ^~ =y# O~_ O~_ `Q ^xflZ O=x JO| Q~KO. J~ = W~# _z>~ H " ~Q UH= ^_Kx xO~KH

"o ''YO+, Q _ ''|hYO*^ n~ =@_` __#@ Hx~k. O g^QO H~îfl`H@ |~nQ J_y fHx ix ==^ (~)H Jy~z `===O~ i+i~KH=_xH ufl~z=y Qe `H_HZyi Q. ^~` `xH f="# Q~ÔQ~ UO_~k. "OU~ K kH`KH z=iH _| _ } JOK @Hx| H r=_ J~@ iO.

=O qêfl }` = e@H_ xP# q~KO. D=#` P#, i O+efl =k~z #, #xQ KHx, "i Pefl =~H ~Kx fiKO. DfO# "~@

HO}=_, H$QO_~# =x O` O~~

=H! =xH _. Jqfi, H@ K#@ #_KHH.=_ =~ è#_, q"H=~ _. h = #~_ z~K|_ #fl

q+ qfi, O}OH+"#=}~ K~K~. JqfiH =`~ "= O"# `# Oz L~K=. (78)

qfiO! gH =_ K# " QOH `KH~_. gH ( ) P# @#~_ q=fl=O H_QO? XH" ^=_q=efl J#Q~K e P# J#Qxfl Z=O J_HQO? =xH=uOH~Q giH Z~> ~OHH_, H_ a~K_. (1617)

g P@~H $+~KO=O ^=xH Q `. "O `= O` ''(WH P =H# =k) = QOH =K~_ J~>O. XH""O ~

qfi H~ O =x xflk K# =}~ [#~ k~KH~_ ~`xfl H_ gH fin#~ K_. (2627)

=H! h OH KC: ''gOH" D ~Kxfl, nx H HeflHOH~@~>, O~_ ~ u

~ k~. P"H QO= "# Lk H_ =HOÒ. (3031)

=HOO! gO Ô} ~> "O H^. gO ^=xH_ O (OO+` =>_@C_) " H #~ H#_ "eQ=>_H~_. P~ O~ 'K_ L#fl"_fl D " H #~ OH iQ=^~ L~@~k. J~^= +~Q, HOY~_Q =>_~_. gO gW~_. (36)

=H! *H~ KH. =_, h= (W O) "K# =H h='' =xH _, hO# = e@H J hfl O+_ xOfi~Ke.D [ ikx JuHq~z |>Ho O+_ K # *H~ KH~>H@~| #~ O~=, =lH ~H~ UO_ ~k.

HH _ L~_"_q. x*xH =xH = " h= _e.* #O QO J=O~ fOH#fl ~" (q_H W~z) P"`"= h q~ [i~KO. ~_ H_H = O = J=O~fOH#fl ~" iO(# q"=_) q+~ qfiH Z~>W|~k HQH~_ L~_xQ,=x P[` P# "# ~ ~ J~ *xQ, "Q #fl n~Q K

~=. H#H qfi~z# "iH =x O# Q J#Q~ HQ ~ xO qx~K. JqfiH, H@H h= U= ~ ~QH. "O > # M O KH~_ =x g x xOe_. P# = *( O)# =OO. ~K~ # rqO. P ~fi KxÒ. =~ P#H~ [

O} qfiH "i O, x q+~ "= Z~> xOt~K" =H `. ( O HOH) hH U q "#W|~k HQH~_ L~_~ H ("q hH Hxfl Of He~K=).=_ Q H=je, Jq =_. (50)

h O h= z# "ix (q_H^fiO) "OK=K HOH#fl"ix h^QO J>@H=K. "OK#"ix H#H~> =m "#He~KH=K. J~` h W g =k xO~ fH_` L~_H~_. XH" q=efl[~KH~_) i W~_H "t C . (=x O!)gO =xH _~_. =_ u ^xH HQ L #~z ZH _H

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YOPO. (66-68)

qfiO! gO =# "k~z#"i OHH~_. "O =g "# J~_ =_ O~K "=O |~ O K_. J # =x

$+ Z~` QO=h_. H#H qfiO! =xH _~_. ~#=>H~_. =_ g# KH _ _. gO@ Hq_. =xH, P#=HH q _#_ x[~Q Q q[~ k~z#>. (69-71)

"g ( =ux ) # " > =H =~ , Ofi`=~ >=. Hx Jq _ D `~O "_xH _ . Hx =#=_ = ~ (= XOQ> "_ =~ Hz) nxfl #* H`H K_H HO}= Jj q+ H_ P~H qk~z,>x "Q~k W~. J O u = " Z~ H>~Ke, O+ Z~^H >~KH_^? J#fl fl H~î OH`=K. O+ Ô_~, ~yH " H XH q ~Q =. fi=~` e O+_ @ `~ OQ, f=~Q PHi _=`_. J x _H (Aggressive)fi=~ L~k. x |=~ ~Q J#q~K H H_ L~k. g>H a#fl~Q H O+x@ PHO} H=Q L~@~k. P" k. JjO "# =*xH O sQ_ ~>k. >+"# D sQ_ He# O J~ x J~ "# =~ @ _H~_ Z~`H~ OH ~Q L~_ .

YOPH J~ }~ _. D=@qx P =H f= P~^#K~^_. J x =Y~ _ e~k. Wfl J (Ol)Jk K '' =^_! = OK_~ xO K@= }~x =O == = OK Jx KO. (|Mi, =~)

J =iHxfl n ^fiO Q_H, ^fiOH, W~H W O K@ "_n=# = " ==H () x+k~z#@ `~k. = O~ #~_ $+ =o~zU=O@H QiK =hfl x+k~K|_. JQ Jj H îf z`H_ x+k~K|_. Jq H, QO= Hey~Kx =, z#fl P@=, O#fluH, OKOxH ^ _ =, Kz O = "#xH~ O O" Ja_O.

YOPH#=~ J~@O.

z=iH O (#OH) ## H~Q K_QflxH Ki~K_fl ~ZH= xH~, ~`#~ H_ "" JkH~. J~K =H tH_ fl Jx KO. KC: '' =

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=iH~ iH fi~Q Lkx_. Hx K=~kH D ~ è .

g ~`#~, i~ gH = xfl ~ k~K=. `xfl qfi~z ^KO "Yi J=~a~z#"iH = xfl ~ a~k. J~>iH"i HOH O>~ u~ a~k. O (fiO =O. = Hefl =>~K_xHOQ fO = ~ #OH # KqKO. (3438)

"iH KC: '' (k=)Q~ ~ W=fi .hH Ofi~ gi QiH Ki~K"_fl H_ Z=ih ~ . giH Ofi~H_ [ (`xfl) uOi~KO. "= P [Hz# " gO^=~ H_ ~ . J#>H "O

=#=O! ^=x Q#~ `=#k. H#H ~zH rq`~q=efl "y~KH_ . P ="Q_ H_ q=efl "y~KH_ =! + Q~_ p #_=_xfl H_ KH, Q>x OuH * Jq g "Oefl PH~K=. XH" PH~z=^#O W=fi=. k Ô gH OfiA_ =O=O è* O. (1314)

=#=O! gO =x g P O_ x~#. =_ = ~ Ofi~Hey L#fl uO_, Hq ~h_. P# KH~> q=efl`y~z g #O =~ $+Ox $l~KQ_. Wk =xH U= ~H+ ~ H . ()O~ "O=O W O ()O~ "O.()O~ H~ J}y#_ # ~O `y~KH=_xH Z=i H . pH> "Q =#~ H=. Kxh_ =~_>~_ ~>k H . r=, =$ XH> H . =_ `#Hi# iH ( # H) qx_. (H#H =H!) = L#fliH h=(U=>) qx~K=. ([OQ##fl i}=# Qi~z) h= Ki~K"_q= ". "= x#fl O J~ *xQ, >xQ K `xflz~=. u*u# Ki~K_ PqOq~K_. gO x#fl xOHi~> (xOHi~Kh), i sfi H_ (WQ =H#) xOHi~KO.i QOH i =H +"# x O

=H! "= kq+ $u ^fiO h = H ~# Q~ " ~. WkOfi~ =z# Q~ # $gHi =z~k. =xH # ^ uQ #Qi~z Q `. P# u q+hfl Q=x , J L~_= Jx J~>O. (33-35)

WH `xfl xOHi~z#"i H~ #OHyfl HKHx L~k. (JH _) "OK"#HO.

(JC_ "iH) ''gH "= nO+ W=fi ? J~ nO+gO KH~> Q}O~ _ H . Hx P#ix XH xs =~ =OH J=Hqz = e_ P =~KH# =~H

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J= O}: =H 36.

K~ x H~ "= =lb (K~ H) xO~K=. J # >x^@H~@ z=iH Z~_# YOO =@ =i`_. K~^x@Hx ^> . =~ XHHHH (J~> = = xs HH) ~Ki "ix +~KQ_ H ? J~>iH"= u~_ >? gO iQ î O J~>O. (45-47)

''h= Q#H =~ _" ~ Qi~z# (h) ki~ ZC_ O. (JC_) ''HO}=_~# =_ Q#~ K#q+~ W . (P J HOKH u" a~k. (5154)

''DOA fiO" Y~` e_ ~>O. "O, "iO @"# h_ H~ " > PO."iHH _ u#_xH, `Q_xH Hi#=hfl a. "O Hi~ =OH}~ ~. HO}=_# = #~_ "iH n"# a~>. (55-58)

YOP

'' O! DOA gO (=#~z) `y O~Q L~_~_... P ~~`#=! + "ix x#fl

K> ~a~*Q~. ^~` "O =~ H #_=O "#H uOQO."= nO+ Wz#"ix |#~K i OOYefl =~Q =i"x "= i J [L~K~. J~ = "O "> Hxfl> (=Q) ZH uOQQ (OH}) H~ , ^x= X#Q_ [ K|_~k. nxH~ `xfl uOi~z# Q`*` ~@# O#_~ [iy~k.

HO}=_, H$QO_~# =x O` O~~~H fi ~Q L#fl"i H! O Qk~z J e~K"i H!!

P `H qx~K"i H!!! g PO =~ XH _. P# =HH, =H L#fl H $+OH =, +_. = OkH (O H) H_ P

WC_ "ix J_Q, "ix $l~K_~ H+= H "= $l~z#(=) $+O |~H=#fl` $l~KO. h=(^=x H=O K) POÒ.''gO(x#fl>^H) xOHi~_# fOk#~ W ... '' OOefl, "i J#KO=H#K@=> fHO~_. Jx H x O l~z# q "# H_K@=> fHO~_. ~fi O~ iH #OH~î K~_.

''"ix P~_ tfl~Ke. U=~~k gH? WC_ gO XHiHHO~ KH~O ? DOA gO (=H)iQ ~y~. (19-26)

P Òfi` "O XHi "HO uiy k~KH=_~ "^_Ò.(J#KO = tH L~_ H ! Jx J~>_. (55-59)

x~ ~Q W Q q[~. W~> q[~ H" HjOx Ke. K~_, D Pu ~ =~z^ H [Y" ( Ou >~^ K_~_.P Ou #~_ pO# =^ = " OH~K|_O. (69-74)

nxH Ofi~ #(=H) ==efl "O@H) J x ~ ux = "qye L~_ KO. Ou O J x O, =# = e>=.J xH = ~K~ ~f Q HQQH! [#H "=

YOP

W~> u" k~>O. "O qfi~z# = ^.(Jqfi#) O~_= =Oxfl "= =~z"O. (75-82)

W~ H_ # =O $+HO# = e $+ "~@_O?) J u k~>=. J # qfi~z# = ^ XH_ L

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# H_ ==H. J J # |uO. Hx "O ( Z~ Q~_! "= =xH^ L~_O Jx J~@~_O. J P =# (YOP Ou Uq\) KH~>O. = tH H~ "O `~ O_. H#H HO. (174-179)

h = Z~` q _, QO=h_. "O He#fl = q+H P# Jf _. ==HH ~u HQQH! OfiH "# =xHH q ~ a. (180-182)

J= O}: =H 38. H: 88D J^~x è c*HO~ ''^ nxH =H@~Q @|_~k.

=H YO+ WO K~O =#H=x ^==H ()H Z~` #K*

HO}=_, H$QO_~# =x O` O~~

! ` H_# YOP) "}x uO i~z#O J~HO~` "~_H HO@Hx L~^~. W h =@ =O L ~`K| (z "#) =@ =#~ U = Z#fl_ q# . Wk X> J H# =OgH . =#~ W~ =~k (QQ") L~_Q W >~KHH. #~ =~K."i =~^ = ^_ ^=^ =$`~`~ q~K. J`# K |=~ _, OH=e. u q+~# J # =x ( O~) " =O_. "= H~_# J x J L~K=. Jq L ~, ~ ~J x` @ ( =. H H_ (J x) QOHKO`. =~ J x` @ = ~ b#"`. "= x =*xfl >+iK~. J xH qH~, ==O H # H_ k~KO.

Q_H J x O[=~kO~ KO|_#i [Q_~ Qi~z h `?J "O JH=~Q KO|_ # QOH O=_~K ^= __.JC_ i XH_ JO.W K| ^= , ## "= sH = L#fl">x "= HO ~Q $+~K . Wk Jqfi Ja~ = ". J~>"iH #OHO H_ .(`xfl) qfi~z Ò K"ix "= ~K~ J~KHO $+~K"i` He XH>Q K=? HH"ix, ÔOefl =#~QK=? (2728)

D Q~ ~ H"#k. [ W~ x Hefl Qi~z z~K_xH, |k=~ Q}O~ Q~K_xH "= nxfl h= H ~O. (29)

^= H "= =

=~ #OH # @J~>O "O. uiy =>_H~@ ''=#~ ~K~ O#Q q~z#O WH _H _ Hx~K_~ q>? =#~ # TiH # K=?H =#H H#_H~_ ZH _H [=x, =. P# JO H~#fl_, Q H=je H_. W~H KC: ''Wk J O}"# "O. W~>"O qx gO (H

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è* Ki~K_xH # =x P[efl, P# =H () =efl = " >~Kx, >H=uOH"# Z~> P[#, q ~KH_ x JO~.

2. | O H =_ XH _ Jx J~wHi~z#>H qQ#, H$uH#, = QO=# POk~K_xH O~_ HO} K| , D ' = =# =x qxH Qx`x, =x QO OK =# Q>Hx

J~>O. O~_, UHQ H~ = " `= qQ# =~ ~KHx O# K=x=iH~ O | O H K|Ò. Hx D O~_ # UHfiO#H qO "#=x, U =

k#fl ==Oefl Qi~z (fOkQ OH# K_. Hx J x= J xH # J#QQ~ k~KQ qa#fl OHL~>. P ~fi P ~@ ~_ Z~_`. JC_q KQ =O_~ H_ gH Hx~k. z=iH =_ ">x @ @Q K_.W~ |k=~ H Z~` Q}O~ L~k. (21)

=_ XH =x+ $ H>xfl W~ H~ Ò_. ^~` J #`# = #~_ a~z# H~u=O~ #__. J~> =H, (=K# Q}O~

XH x HH> Jq =~H, =` =. (2728)

=_ XH LÔ} WO. "iH KC: ''O, =_ Q uO_ H KH#fl =H # QO#fl ^xH~>=x QO (fiO~) L#fl^x g ZH= #=H~ @He. JQ J~ i H~>

ZH= QO=h_ H KH#fl_ J ~ QO=h_, =#fl _# =xH_ L~_e. (WflJ)

4. x^= H_ P ~ #~_ "=_ ZH _H _ uOQ ~k. JC_P H, xH = uH Q}~H =" L~@~k. D=" P O~_>x iQq_x=fiH~_ > L~K ~k. P == `y P ~ #~_ iQ "O ~k. J~> =O}~ ~q~k. =_ xk#fl F =x+ q+~ =$ xO~ fH#flC_ D uH ==x `~z" J x ~ #~_ P # iQfin#~ KH~>_. =$ xO~ fHH D uH ==x ~z"H~_`èH~Q fin#~ KH#fl J x P # uiy J x ~H =k_.

XH _ H J~ "# |~Q L#fl@, HO +HO H_#fl@, O@ QQ J#q#fl@ K_. P =~ `# F z#fl iHx=#fl x+ i }x, H^H JC =xy=#fl ÔQ}x, O Hh=O H_ fOx O $+=~ }x U = ~ q~K_. Hx H H K iQ

J~> =_fl = e gO W Oefl O HOQ KH~ i~ ~>, k_. JC_ "" =@ Ofi~ H_ K=~k (=_) J

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P# H_Ku (K) K@|_ L~@~k. gO K#fl | O #HP# Z~` Jf _, O= q _. (67)

POA cHO ~MO=~` =Hx r=Ohfl Kz _`.HH` ^=_ r=~Q L~K^z# } =`~ Hxfl r=~QL~>. P O =Oi ~MO=~ Qq~K|_ ~k. ^~` =r=H> XH iQ z K_ Ôu >~^ è =H Jqfiefl Ki~K_.

HO}=_, H$QO_~# =x O` O~~-g". Wk = H=~ _, OfiA_# =x QOfl~_ J= i~z#

Q~ ~. P# Hq~K_ `~` K# "_H# fiHi~K_ Hi#~Q tH~K_ Z~` LÔfi=_ H_. P# =OPO _ _. P# QiH J~ O =Oe= L~k. (1-3)

=x H q+~ H$ fl, uOO =O=O _ ~ KO. (iH Z@ #~H # =.) J~K O ~K~(" ~Q "ey ) uOQ_~ K h= "H_ =! iHOfi~ #*u uO i~z~k. P ~" H_ J

J q ~Q uOOxH _#O~` #OHyflH q =Òxh = K# xO~ H_ i q+~ J= [iy fO ~k. (6)

qfi= ~ Z~` J "# zfl = e>O. J "O K# H=_ "ix @Hx #=_xH xOHi~KO. z=iH =_ "ix @H

=`# KOÒ? J # g = #~_ g = H H O K_.XH" J # Kk J| " J x J| ~ J xH K@H~@~k. JQHJ # Kk, K~Kk x[" J , J # Ki#fl ~HO +i}= H#flH

YOP

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gO "qH (rq O=~O) Q~K_x_ Px K

H KH~> "= x#fl = OAQ KH~>O. XH" hH _ , ">x h= = Q@Hx u L~>, "= O"# " efl O~z =~ YO` #~ KO JxH =O~k. WH _ 9,10 H =_=~_ xO}xH O~_OA >~ x, ^x PO~ k O UO@ [OQ_xH~ x J

J "iH KC: ''(Ofi~) P , = * O Q ( =)tH =z_~k. J~> O tH Qi~z

=x (~ ~) " ([#) ez, O K, `# =q }x eH#"x =@H~> +"# =@ =O=ik J= ~k? (33)

=H! =~p K_ XH> H*=. H#H h= J ~ +"# '=~z^fiO K_# xOe~K. JC_ h QO = H_ hH }q _=_~ h= K=. D }~ #jOH =O=iH J| . DQ~ J $+=~ H =O=iH ~ H . (3435)

XH" +`_. JQ Z=O OxH _ ^x H_ J x JH~z =HO}xfl KqK~KQ

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YOP_. OOH = ~U H_, ~OHH_ L~__. "O =_fl = e W Oefl ~OHHQ KH

g = H_. "= K HO =` @ L~>. gO K HOg` @~>. (H#H) gH, =H = Z~> [Q_~ . =_FOA =#fl~ sfl (HOqKO} H~) ="O_. =#=~` z=iHP# QiH =~e = L~k. (15)

^=~^~ fiHi~z# Òfi` H~Ô ^=x q+~ [Q_=_` Oxfl)J=ì~*_. fO_ g~xfl h= K=. Jk "i g O_ =z_ Ok. xflqfi~z, ^KO ~#fl#O fiO=O. "iH "O HOH#fl "i = = a~k. W Jxfl>H~> Q #Q~. (2122)

W~> "O [~Q HO~ #_KH

J=~a~z H$ A L~_"iH W~ Q K#:)

"O OH, hu"# #H O~Q L~>O. H H Hey#C_ (">x kQq~y W Oefl) HqO.

= = P tO=~K_xH ^ ~Q L~>O. O"iH OOtH L~k. (4042)

HH #~` ==i ( ix) Hq~K Qey (Z~` =~zk).Wk Z~` O` H_# x. (43)

=_ Z=iH =z# > J_y fHx KH H>~KH

Hx J L~z# =_Z~` q _. "= g>x J @Q H=~ ~ H=. XHOA"= = = QiH =Oe= L~k Jx H~_. (1214)

gO =x ^ H~ ix P#H ~`#~ J~@Q>O. =#=_x[~Q O= H$ fl_. =_ # $+ H~ ix #H QZ~KHx, gH = ~ Hi H_Hefl k~K_? (Z~ JK~O?) J O HO}=_# =xH U P_~`#~ J~@Q>O P ~`#~ Qi~z# ~ "i Z=iH_ Y~`

1. YOP

YOP Z~` q=~#k. (3132)

=#=~` XH LO=_ H@HÒ#fl ~O>4 4 4 4 4 "=HO}=_# =_fl uOi~K"i W~_ HC#, "O "_H ZH"@#, i efl, "O k~_H#Hx HOh "~_|~QO` KO~. Hx Wk (=#) WH rq ~ = ". (OH ~ W~ H~> Z~` +"#k, "#k.) h =QO H H"iH OH ~ == ~k. (33-35)

HO}=x @ U=O@ =~z#_ "= XH KHx O O Jk J xH Ki J~ ~k. J~> "ix D KH . "O `= K#fl x =z "# #x qO.

Dq ~Q z=iH =H = = H KOH~>_. JC_ # # KKOx` ''J! hH Q~_k!! #=fi _. JC_i` ( = ) ''gO OO# KO Q#H, DOA gH~>~ a~K . gO~` tH =# JO\O. (36-39)

=i hqC_ |kOH qx~KQ? H J~ H, î #iHî KQ? "= (=~ ) x#fl ~K~ #~_ (= QOH) ~~KH

YOPO. gO ~K~ KH#fl ÒHO}~QO. "itH Z#fl>H y~K|_ . "O~ xO x$` _L~>O. "iH"= J~. "= `= O q+efl,QQefl q#=x q

"iH KC: ''HO}=xH x[~Q ~`#~ L~> (P ~` =~^

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z=iH`# gO O. gO ">Q H*u [? H iH Ofi~ Qu~z#O? H H L_H ~k. ''@H~_ "_fl. |O|O D_ fHo #OH~

= qi_~_. HQ h>x "_ H~> #q[~ (O="H~). (51-57)

== (O)! [ ` ~ HOH "g Q~ xfl gH è#+ Ò~ K=. WH h= ZÔ K=~_, "O ZÔK=~>O. (5859)

45. * (|_# O)J= O}:=H H: 37

D J O 44= J ~ O" g H~ J= i~z L~_=Kx `~k. W~^ W~Kq~K 44= J^~ q~z#q+ "OH fO O#|_.

HO}=_, H$QO_~# =x O` O~~-g". Wk = H=O _, q"H=~ _# =x #~_ J= i~z#

Q~ ~. qfi~K"iH =H J WH _ Z~>H, H_Q~_, P , P~^#H PO~x ~u x~ J#fl=@. ==H(~) =K#~ HO~ ''fiO H ( = ) W K|Ò: ''WH _ gOZC_ POQ~Q L~>O. Z#fl_ [|_O. fi ~Q rq~z L~>O. ZC_KxO. HH~ Y~`` L~>O. U ûH #HO.ZC_ =HQO. Z#fl_ U= ~ =$ HO. (=~)

J|^HO, +O_# u"_H q) L~k.11111 J xH=x H qx#flC_ J # >x q#_xH ZQ q~>_. Hx

P ~" >x q#_. J~> "_H OO # HKHxL~ x O qx~K! = U "iH J==#HO"# # ( ~Q)L~k. (6-9)

"i =~ #OH~ (~z)L~k. O ~k~KH#fl n "iH xHO . "O =_fl = e = ~OHHQ KH#fl q "ixP H=. "iH f="# # L~k. Wk =O OH Q~ ~. = =H #=x"i H~ Ju HO"# # HKHx L~k. (1011)

g H~ =^xfl J L~z#_ =_. # P ~` F_#_=_xH, fiO gO #Q~ JO. H|> h= J @ #_. ( O)*#~ xi =H J#i~KH. (J K) =xH =uOH~Q "O hH U= OLQ_O. ÔO XHiHHO fl`. ^=cuOH ^=_fl _. D (YOPO "O. "iH KC: '' =_ q=efl |uH O K_~_.)

''h= J "# XH q+xfl h OxH x[=x #"@@ K_~ =qfi H~. (J|^= ) (W O q=OH 22:30 H, ^x zH K_~_.)

2. q=OH 25:43 H, ^x zH K_~_.3. =# ~H P ZH _fl~z =z~k uiy ZH _H "~k J H`_x,W ~` H~ `K =O =Og ~>O. gO M Hey#C_ =~zOAx Hxfl Q_Ò. H =z#C_ K_ OAx `Q_Ò.

D q+xfl Qi~K ^==H (O) W =z~KO: ^=_ Dq^~QJ~@

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=H Ofi= ~ P# . UOA _ =z_~^ POA J`xfl J~>@H#flO O~Q #+Ò. (27)

POA u=O~ (h_~` |@|=`."O xfl Qi~z # K~_"O ^x LK Uq> K~_. g Ja~x[= nxH Ofi~ (g #=HH OA=Q) =z# Q~ ~Qx, U fHO~_. (4)

=_fl = e ~^H = O#H ~k~Kx q #"O@HH k k~K_. (10)

Jqfi qfi~z#"ix q=i ''D Q~ xfl qfi~K_~ =~z# , nx q+~ (=[~ Z~> ~ T~ x) gO ==efl

YOP

q~zO H J~@O: ''gO ~K rq ~ g">H =z# i~ hfl xqfOJ#q~z H*O. Q JH _ Z~> hu ~k. W "= H uq

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P H ? Jq i #~_ (Z_) H#=OQ~ . Wn "iJ`, J H# O=#~. (2728)

("iH =O ~@# qxOK:) "= l#fl =~ XH^xflYOP $l~K|_# =#= =kiQ `= Hi# ^xfl J=~a~K fiK

k~K_. J~ = l#flH H_ fiO #OH L

Wg gO K=# #. =_ KH~> (g*H~ H~_)fi~Q Qu >~^K_ ? =_ "ix _. J~> O D uOO H_ O> L~k. (8-10)

^xHO}~, qfi HxQ, ~OHHxQ =_fl Q ~ Z >fl# ( ~) "= _z

>O. JC_ "ix H_ ) O, U= ~ Oz Hx fiK"# # , #H Jq OzHO~Q L~_ "O}"h, Z~` xO"# . JH _ Jxfl~H O_ a~. "i = O# "iH=xfl~ Q~ L~@~k. fiO~ D =Qhfl ~ =x+, #OHH~ ( ="_. gO = =

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=OHO HH~>O. J~ H~> g#~_ =O~ Pt~KQ~? gO =Q. =_ gix ( ~ H#x) J~ Q, (`H q#x)|kOQ K_. gO YOP =H? ~, (H@)"Yix ~ K, xx P "i ~z+~K_. (2225)

D HO}~Q =_ gH O=e# u~ H k_. P#q=efl g i~ W=fi=x J_Q@~ . P# g gO i` `_`

K_. P Ofi YO+ =~# Hqfi~K_xH FOA Ou" =~k qH~_# ~O. "Oo =~taO }, O qOO.=~ "[email protected]` P# ix Hq~z =ê>O. =OHi Ò*=# 80=~k ^ =z #=A K#fl =~ "O^_ KO. z=iHO H_ @|_O. ==H () ix H_ Hq~z = e>O. WHqfi~z H~ @H#fl YO+ Z`Q_ hOQi~k.

P ~fi ==H () OO~ H~ [ L

() ^QO "o X_~|_Hx 3= +O`# O^K P =~# =n

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JO =O # J#Q~K_. ^xfl "O ( fiOxK@=> L~K_. =_ uh KQ OfiH=~ _. (2021)

WC_ Jqfi Q#H g` O_ H~_ "#flE iÒ.iH Z~> = , ~ a~K=. Wk OfiHO #~_ =#fl =~^~. =~^~ h= Z#fl_ U =~ K_=. =_ =H "i K efl g#~_, g K efl i#~_ ( ~ [OQH~_)xOk~K_. x*xH P# "i gH W~ H =~ PkH (q[~)k~K_. gO K#fl ~` =_ Q=x, O@# gO "i H_ ^_KO#fl = ~, ^x= gO Ju+ =Ò#fl ~ H_ H~_ L~> (D ^xfl "= xOk~KOO H ).=_ `#Hi# ix # HO}KH fH=_xH (D ^xfl

xOk~K_). D qfi "~K>H =~> (=H qye=~_) Jqfiefl "= H~_ Hi#~Q tH~K~. (25)

(D HO}~Q. P zflefl |>"ix Qi~K=K. Wq Ò "ix Qi~z =i~K|_# H}.

Wh "i H} Dq ~Q |_: XH ~ L~k. J~ " @ q #~ #~_ z#fl "H J~Hi~k. O Jk >+== ~k.P ~fi H "H H_Q =O ~k. P P "H # H~_~ g x>OQ x|_ ~k. JC_ O H P $~ H#~_=Q L~@~kJqfi Jyfl =_=_xH (Dq ~Q qfi } ~u+~z e~k). "i `xfl qfi~z ^KO ~#fl~# ix=_ =xfl~z Q u~ k#x Q#~ K_. (29)

49. A~` (xQ$)J= O}: =n aQOQ #fl"i K=~kH |k . h= |>H =K^H O FH >=~>"iH "L~_k. (O x=fi.) =_ H=je, =_. (45)

qfiO! g QOH Z=O

O@# #+~ He~K=K. P ~fi gO [iy#^xH qKiO.11111 J~>iu OH_ =! *Q ! g= ==H LO =x J#Q~, BÔ= # Qe KH_ . giH~> O=~z~ L~_=K. gO XHi C =OHO ZuKH~@ OO~|O KHH~_. C_ O KHH~_. qfiQ~ ~k# ~fi K_O `KH=_~ K C. D "Yi =#Hx "O OO. (11)

qfiO! qugi# J#==~x +~K_~ OO~. J x` ~ K_~ Jqfi~(H)` =#~. (|Mi)

''u =~H `>=~ #=#} (i~K_~) x+ ~. (=~)''tOH, sOxH Z~> ~|~ O L~^ XH qfi `> qfi` J~>

~|~ " Hey L~>_. sO~x u J==~ J#q~K # tO Z~KH~@~^ `> qfi J#q~K # H_ P qfi JQ ~KH~>_. (J )

(=ixfl q=OH 3:103 H, ^x zH K_~_.)

3. XH =H U P# h Q@ O@ K_x q~K? Jx JiKO.

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O~` =H# uOi~z#O. J~ = = KiH HOO~ ê("ix _z>)~k. "= è $+ xO}~`~ H~_ ^xfl fiHi~Ke #Q}"# ufiH rq ~ Q_e.

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51. *i` (Qe ^=~O)J= O}: =H H : 60

D JÔ H_ 'M (51=) O J=ì~z# H~O. "O DOA OHOfi~ hu=~ Q L~_O. Ou" K H=Q xk~KO. u OE `"O*=# z ( = =#) H=} HOH!) J#flk. ^xH Ju ''h = WQ J Qi~z# xO TOfiH~ [OQ`x JO~.

He# =>O Hi~Kx P[ J~k. h = $+ gi#"iH~ Wq H~Q = "|_# O Jx KO. (31-34)

P ~fi "= @fl~ L#fl qfiefl |>H fO. JH _ =H=~H K~k# XH W = " Hx~z~k. P ~fi "= O"#tHH _"i H~ JH _ XH zfl~33333(J=) = e>O. (35-37)

= Q (H_ Q}O~ L~k). "= xH +"# x O~k. ^~` "iH =m KH H_ H~_~k. "O =#`= H_HH O. "iH Ofi~ "= #*ux H_ =>~KO. HO}~ O O= OOO. (43-46)

"= = fiH h ^+~ Ug . J KL~_. qfi~KiH [#~ He~k. (53-55)

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YOP" =QO qa#fl $+ [``= qfi== PqOq~z~k. z=iH D ~KxH H_ *_Q '=uOH ~K~(Anti World) J K|

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J= O}: =H 52. ~( OOfi ~) H: 49D J O H_ Q J ~ J= i~z# H~~. "O Jq``~` XHiHHO = J~k~KH~>O. P = = (WH = ~) =x+x "H~ _"= O K . J _fl O}_Q K OH H_ iQ ."i =H~ JH _ ^z# O fl~> J~ "# =H L~>O. D=H J@ W@ u~Q "ix q LO\O. (2224)

"O (~K~x Q qefl Qi~z) OO~ =>_H~>O.''=#~ W~`HOfi~ =# W~_ aHaH=~@ rq`~ Q_`~_~. z=iH =_ =#efl HO}~z (=Mefl) =_ =_Q ##~_ OH~K_. =#~ Q rq ~ (UH+"z g giH U" =x+ rq ~x = ==OZ~> J=O~ @H~_ XH qfi=x = " POk~KQ_. J~> =x+YOP

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_xH? "i QO Jf~k*#~ L~^, ^x P O~Q gO ( = " #eflxO~K) q+ OH_xH? H O #~z Q}O~

P =~ P =$HO[~ JxOfiKh"# J "^ P=i L~_~k.J x K "O" =O_~Qx, gi =~ H =_~Qx [OQ . (Dq ~Q) J # # = (u)H ~|~k~z# Q x O ==) Hxfl>x K_. (13-18)

WH gO K~_, ZC_ [#~ L~_ . OH~ g #=H~xO = H i

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