32
References Chapter 7 Page 98 Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma irradiation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata LWalp) flours and pastes. Food Chem. 95(1), 138-147. Adamu, A.K., Clung, S.S., Abubakar, S., 2004. Effects of ionizing radiation (Gamma rays) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Nigeria Journal of Experimental and Applied Biology. 5(2), 185-193. Adenan, M.I., 1998. Opportunities on the planting of medicinal and herbal plants in Malaysia. Planta. 74 (867), 339342. Ahloowalia, B.S. 1998. In vitro techniques and mutagenesis for the improvement of vegetatively propagated plants. p.4048. In:S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar and B.S. Ahloowalia (eds.), Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Ahmad, K.D., Gilani, S.N., Akhtar. A.H., Khan, L., 1998. Antiulcerogenic evaluation of aqueous extracts of Cichorium intybus and Phyllanthus emblica in normal and aspirin treated rats, Pakistan. Journal of Science and Industrial Research. 41, 92-96. Ahmed, B., Tawfeq, A., Howiriny A.L., Siddiqui, A.B., 2003. Antihepatotoxic activity of seeds of Cichorium intybus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 87(2-3), 237-240. Akhaury, K.D.N., Singh A.K., 1993. Effect of Gamma-rays on the seed output of Vicia species. Neo Botanica. 1(1-2), 63-67. Akgun, I., Tosum, M., 2004. Agricultural and cytological characteristics of M1 perennialrye (Secale montanum Guss.) as effected by the application of different doses of gamma rays.Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 7 (5), 827-833. Alicchio, R., Grosso, E.D., Boschieri, E., 1982. Tissue cultures and plant regeneration from different explants in six cultivars of Solanum melongena. Experientia. 38, 449-450. Aliyu, H., Adamu, A.K., 2007. The effects of diethylsulphate on some quantitative traits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Science world Journal. 2, 1-4. Al-Safadi, B., Simon, P.W., 1996. Gamma irradiation-induced variation in Carrots (Daucus carota L.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 121, 599-603. Alscher, R.G, Donahue J.L., Cramer, C.l., 1997. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants: Relationships in green cells. Physiol. Plant. 100, 224-233. Amernath, S., Prasad, A.B., 1998. Induced variability in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of tobacco. Indian Journal of Genetics, 58 (1), 69-77.

Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 98

Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma irradiation of cowpea

(Vigna unguiculata LWalp) flours and pastes. Food Chem. 95(1), 138-147.

Adamu, A.K., Clung, S.S., Abubakar, S., 2004. Effects of ionizing radiation (Gamma

rays) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Nigeria Journal of Experimental and

Applied Biology. 5(2), 185-193.

Adenan, M.I., 1998. Opportunities on the planting of medicinal and herbal plants in

Malaysia. Planta. 74 (867), 339–342.

Ahloowalia, B.S. 1998. In vitro techniques and mutagenesis for the improvement of

vegetatively propagated plants. p.40–48. In:S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar and B.S. Ahloowalia

(eds.), Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement. Kluwer

Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

Ahmad, K.D., Gilani, S.N., Akhtar. A.H., Khan, L., 1998. Antiulcerogenic evaluation

of aqueous extracts of Cichorium intybus and Phyllanthus emblica in normal and aspirin

treated rats, Pakistan. Journal of Science and Industrial Research. 41, 92-96.

Ahmed, B., Tawfeq, A., Howiriny A.L., Siddiqui, A.B., 2003. Antihepatotoxic activity

of seeds of Cichorium intybus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 87(2-3), 237-240.

Akhaury, K.D.N., Singh A.K., 1993. Effect of Gamma-rays on the seed output of Vicia

species. Neo Botanica. 1(1-2), 63-67.

Akgun, I., Tosum, M., 2004. Agricultural and cytological characteristics of M1

perennialrye (Secale montanum Guss.) as effected by the application of different doses of

gamma rays.Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 7 (5), 827-833.

Alicchio, R., Grosso, E.D., Boschieri, E., 1982. Tissue cultures and plant regeneration

from different explants in six cultivars of Solanum melongena. Experientia. 38, 449-450.

Aliyu, H., Adamu, A.K., 2007. The effects of diethylsulphate on some quantitative traits

of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Science world Journal. 2, 1-4.

Al-Safadi, B., Simon, P.W., 1996. Gamma irradiation-induced variation in Carrots

(Daucus carota L.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 121, 599-603.

Alscher, R.G, Donahue J.L., Cramer, C.l., 1997. Reactive oxygen species and

antioxidants: Relationships in green cells. Physiol. Plant. 100, 224-233.

Amernath, S., Prasad, A.B., 1998. Induced variability in homozygous and heterozygous

genotypes of tobacco. Indian Journal of Genetics, 58 (1), 69-77.

Page 2: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 99

Andrea, B., Schiff, S., Mori, B., 2006. Morphogenic effect of colchicine in Cichorium

intybus L. root explants cultured in vitro. Caryologia. 59(3), 284-290.

Anderson, P., 1995. In Caenorhabditis elegans—Modern Biological Analysis of an

Organism, edited by H.F. Epstein and D. Shakes. Academic Press, New York/London/

San Diego. Mutagenesis, 31–58.

Anonymous, 1992a. The Wealth of India, Vol 3, Revised edn. PID/CSIR, New Delhi.

Annonymous, 1992b. Bureau of Indian Standards.IS 3309, III-revision.

Arcamone, F., Cassielli G., Casazza A.M., 1980. New antitumor drugs from plants.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2, 149-160.

Arulbalachandran, D., Mullainathan, L., 2009. Changes on Protein and Methionine

Content of Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Induced by Gamma Rays and EMS.

American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research. 4 (2), 68-72.

Arumugam, N., Bhojwani, S.S., 1990. Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of

Podophyllum hexandrum. Can. J .Bot. 68, 487–491.

Arya, A., 1980. Indian Farmers Dig. 13, 35-37.

Arya, A., 1982. Indian Farmers Digest. 83, 49-51.

Ashoke, Y., Sharma, P.P., Yadav, A., 1995. Effect of different ethyl methane

sulphonate treatments on pollen viability and fruit rot incidence in bell pepper. Ann.

Agric. Res. 16,442-444.

Asmahan, A.M.A. 1993. Effect of gamma irradiation and chemical mutagens on gene

expression in Zea mays L. Ph.D.Thesis of genetic, Dept.of genet., Fac.of Agric. Ain

shams Uni.

Asmahan, A.M., 2000. The effect of ethyl mathone sulphonate (EMS) on genetic

Improvement on tomato. J Agric Sci. 10, 6177-6185.

Asmahan, A.M., Al-Twaty, N., 2006. Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Sodium Azide

on Some Economic Traits in Tomato. Saudi J. Biological Sci. 13(1), 44-49.

Astwood, J.D., Hill, R., 1995. Barley spikelet culture. An effective tool for the analyses

of biochemical events in flower development. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 40, 93-96.

Avenido, R.A., Haulea, D.M., 1990. In vitro organogenesis and flowering in mungbean

(Vigna radiate L.). Phil. J. Crop Sci.15, 169-173.

Page 3: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 100

Awan, M.A., Konzak, C.F., Rutger, J.N., Nilan, R.A., 1980. Mutagenic effects of

sodium azide in rice. Crop Sci. 20, 663-668.

Badila, P., Lauzac, M., Paulet, P., 1985. The characterization of light in floral induction

in vitro of C. intybus L the possible role of phytochrome. Physiol Plant. 65, 305-309.

Badila, P., Mikou, K., Paulet, P., 1991. Two distinct modes of action of light on the in

vitro development of root explants of C. intybus L. J. Plant Physiol. 138, 370-375.

Badila, P., Paulet, P., 1986. Hydroxy cinnamic acid esters and photoperiodic flower

induction in vitro in C. intybus L. Physiol Plant. 66, 15-20.

Bais, H.P., George, J., Ravishankar, G.A., 1999. Influence of polyamines on growth of

hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow local) and

formation of coumarins. J. Plant Growth Regul.18, 33-37.

Bais, H.P., Sudha, G., Ravishankar, G.A., 2000. Putrescine and silver nitrate influence

shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering and endogenous pool of polyamines in shoot

cultures of C intybus L cv Lucknow local. J. Plant Growth Regul. 19(2):238-248.

Baquar, S.R., 2001. Textbook of Economic Botany (Ist Edition) Published in Pakistan

by Ferozsons (Pvt) Ltd., Lahore.

Barnabas, B.P., Fahler, P.L., Kovacs, G., 1991. Direct effect of colchicine on the

microspore embryogenesis to produce dihaploid plants in wheat (Triticum aestivum L).

Theor. Appl. Genet. 81, 675-678.

Barnabas, B.P., Kovacs, G., 1990. Comparison of different methods for production of

dihaploid plants from Triticum aestivum anther cultures In Abstr VII Intern. Plant Tiss.

Cell. Cult. Abstract No A7-10.

Barnabas, B.P., Obert, B., Kovacs, G., 1999. Colchicine an efficient genome-doubling

agent for maize (Zea mays L) microspores cultured in anthero. Plant Cell Report. 18,

858-86.

Bates, L., Waldren, R.P., Teare, J.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for

water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39, 205-207.

Bellettre, A., Couillerot, J.P., Vasseur, J., 1999.Effects of glycerol on somatic

embryogenesis in Cichorium leaves. Plant Cell Rep. 19, 26-31.

Bennici, A., 1985. In vitro clonal multiplication of chicory. Rev Arts Flour It. 69, 231-

239.

Page 4: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 101

Bennici, A., Schiff, S., Mori, B., 2006. Morphogenic effect of colchicine in Cichorium

intybus L. root explants cultured in vitro. Caryologia. 59(3), 284-290.

Berenschot, A.S., Zucchi, M.I., Tulmann-Neto, A., Quecini, V., 2008. Mutagenesis in

Petunia x hybrid Vilm. and isolation of a novel morphological mutant. Braz. J. Plant

Physiol. 20 (2), 16–27.

Bertagne-Sagnard, B., Fouilloux, G., Chupeau, Y., 1996. Induced albino mutations as

a tool for genetic analysis and cell biology in flax (Linum usitatssimum). J. Exp Bot. 47,

189–194.

*Bhadula, S.K., Singh, A., Lata, H., Kuniyal, C.P., Purohit, A.N., 1996. Genetic

resources of Podophyllum hexandrum (Royle) an endangered medicinal plant species

from Garhwal Himalaya, India. Plant Genetic Resources-News Letter. 106, 26–29.

Bhate, R.A., 2001. Chemically induced floral morphological mutations in two cultivars

of Ipomea purporea (L.) Roth. Scientia Horticulurae. 88, 133–45.

*Bhattaria, N.K., Bodekar, G., Bhat, K.K., Burley, C.J., Vantomme, P.C. 1997.

Biodiversity-peoples interface in Nepal medicinal plants for conservation and healthcare.

Nonwood Forest Products. 11, 78–86.

Bhagwat, B., Duncan, E.J., 1998. Mutation breeding of banana cv. Highgate (Musa spp.

AAA group) for tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. cubense using chemical

mutagens. Scientia Horticulturae. 73, 11–22.

Bhojwani, S.S., Razdan, M.K., 2005. Studies in Plant Sciences Plant Tissue Culture:

Theory and Practice Vol. 5: North Holland. An Imprint of Elsevier.

Blixt, S., 1965a. Studies of induced mutations in peas. XI leaf spots in peas as induced by

mutagenic agents. Agric. Hort. Genet. 23, 172–86.

Blixt, S., 1965b. Studies of induced mutations. XII. Induction of leaf spots by EMS in

different plant species. Hort. Genet. 23, 187–205.

Blixt, S., 1967a. Studies of induced mutations in peas. XXII. Effect of presoaking time

and temperature and treatment temperature in EMS treatments. Hort. Genet. 25, 121–130.

Bischoff, T.A., Kelley, C.J., Karchesy, Y., Laurantos, M., Nguyen-Dinh, P., Arefi,

A.G., 2004. Antimalarial activity of lactucin and lactucopicrin: sesquiterpene lactones

isolated from Cichorium intybus L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 95(2-3), 455-7.

Page 5: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 102

*Bonnet, T., Torrey, J.G., 1965. Chemical control of organ formation in root segments

of Convolvulus cultured in vitro. Plant Physiol. 40, 1128-1236.

Bini-Zachariahi., Gaikwad, P.D., Billore, M., 2001. Callus induction and regeneration

studies in Henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus L.). Res. on Crops. 2(1), 62-65.

Borisjuk, L., Rolletschek, H., Radchuk, R., Weschke, W., Wobus, U., Weber, H.,

2004. Seed development and differentiation: A role for metabolic regulation. Plant Biol.

6, 375-386.

Borris, R.P., 1996. Natural products research: perspectives from a major pharmaceutical

company. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 51(1/3), 29–38.

Bouriquet, R., 1966. Action de la lumieÁre sur le deÂveloppement des tissus de feuille

d'endive cultive in vitro. Photochem. Photobiol. 5, 391-395.

Bouriquet, R., Vasseur, J., 1973. Croissance et bourgeonnement des tissus de feuilles

d'endive en fonction de l'age et du lieu de prelevement des explantats. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.

120, 27-32.

Bowler, C., Van, M.M., Inze, D., 1992. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance.

Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43, 83–116.

Boyer, C., Hilbert, J.L.,Vasseur, J., 1993. Embryogenesis related protein synthesis and

accumulation during early acquisition of somatic embryogenesis competence in

Cichorium. Plant Sci. 93, 41-45.

Bremness, L., 1988. The Complete Book of Herbs, Joanna Chisholm. Darling

Kindersley, London.

Brevoort, P., 1997. The current status of the US botanical market. In:World Congress on

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants For Human Welfare, 2, 1997. Abstracts. Mendoza:

ICMPA/ISHS/ SAIPOA, p. L-42.

Briddle, P., Thomas, R.S., Timberlake, C.F., Self, R., 1984. Cyanidin 3-malonyl

glucoside in C. intybus. Phytochemistry. 23, 2968-2969.

Britt, A.B., 1996. DNA damage and repair in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant

Mol. Biol. 47, 75-100.

Broertjes, C., Lefferring, L., 1972. Mutation breeding of Kalanchoe. Euphytica. 21,

414–23.

Page 6: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 103

Broertjes, C., Van Harten, A.M., 1988. Applied Mutation Breeding for Vegetatively

Propagated Crops. Elsevier New York.

Buhara, Y., Arzu, U.T., Ekrem, G., 2007. TDZ-induced high frequency plant

regeneration through multiple shoot formation in witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 91, 243–250.

Bui Dang, H.A., Nitsch, J.P., 1970. Isolation of zeatin riboside from chicory root.

Planta. 95, 119-126.

Buter ,B., Pescitelli, S.M., Berger, K., Schmid, J.E., Stamp, P., 1993. Autoclaved and

filter sterilized liquid media in maize anther culture: significance of activated charcoal.

Plant Cell Rep 13, 79-82.

Caffaro, L., Damer, I.R.M., Profumo, P., Bennici, A., 1982. Callus induction and

plantlet regeneration in Cichorium intybus L., A Cytological Study. Protoplasma. 111,

107-112.

Calixto, J.B., 2000. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines

for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Brazilian Journal of Medical and

Biological Research. 33 (2), 179–190.

Cemalettin, Y.U.F.T., Asly, T.R.K., Khalid, M.K., Mehmet, A., Sebahattin, Z., 2006.

Use of Gamma Rays to Induce Mutations in Four Pea (Pisum sativum L) Cultivars; Turk.

J. Biol. 30, 29-37.

Chaoui, A., Mazhoudi, S., Ghorbal, M.H., El-Ferjani, E.E., 1997. Cadmium and zinc

induction of lipid peroxidation and effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in bean

(Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Sci. 127, 139–147.

Chatterjee, I., Chakravarty, A.K., Gomes, A., 2004. Antisnake venom activity of

ethanolic seed extract of Stychnos nux vomica Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental

Biology. 42, 468–475.

Cheng, X., Gao,

M., 1988. Biological and genetic effects of combined treatments of

sodium azide gamma rays and EMS in barley. Environ. and Exp. Bot. 28(4), 281-288.

Cherry, J. H., Lessman, K.J., 1967. Comparison on nucleic acids in maize shoot and

pea epicotyls. American J. Bot. 54, 181-188.

Chopra, V.L., 2005. Mutagenesis: investigating the process and processing the outcome

for crop improvement. Curr. Sci. 89, 353–359.

Page 7: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 104

Chopra, L., Nagar, P., 1956. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. PID, New Delhi, 613-

664.

Conache, H.B.S., Rees, D.I., 1964. The spectrophotometric determination of caffeine in

coffee-chicory mixture, removal of hydroxymethyl furfural by bisulphate. Analyst. 89,

806-807.

Coe, E.H., Neuffer, M.G., 1977. In, Spragues, G.F. (Ed).The genetics of Corn

improvement. Agronomy. 18, 157-223.

Corey, K.A., Marchant, D.J., Whitney, L.F., 1990. Witloof chicory, a new vegetable

crop in the United States, in Advances in New Crops, Ed by Janick J and Simon JE,

Timber Press, Portland, OR, 414-418.

Coruzzi, G., Bush, D.R., 2001. Nitrogen and carbon nutrient and metabolite signaling in

plants. Plant Physiol. 125, 61-64.

Coruzzi, G.M., Zhou, L. 2001. Carbon and nitrogen sensing and signaling in plants:

Emerging 'matrix effects'. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4, 247-253.

Couillerot, J.P., Decout, E., Warnot, F., Dubois, J., Vasseur, J., 1993. Evolution des

polyamines libres en relation avec la source carboneÂe et l'embryogeneÁse somatique

chez un Cichorium hybrid. CR Acad Sci Paris. 316, 299-305.

Crino, P., Lai, A., Di, B.R., Saccardo, F., 1994. Genetic variability in tomato plants

regenerated from irradiated cotyledons; J. Genet. & Breed. 48, 253-261.

Corey, K.A., Marchant, D.J., Whitney, L.F., 1990. Witloof chicory: A new vegetable

crop in the United States. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds) Advances in new crops.

Timber Press, Portland OR, pp. 414-418.

Dar, G.H., Kachroo, P., 1992. Floristic diversity in Sindh Valley (Kashmir). J. Econ.

Tax. Bot., 16(3), 647-52.

Debergh, P.C., Maene, L., 1981. ―A scheme for commercial propagation of ornamental

plants by tissue culture‖. Scientia Horticulturae. 14, 335-345.

De Kraker, J.W., Franssen, M.C.R., De Groot, A., Konig, W.A., Bouwmeester, H.J.,

1998. Germacrene-A biosynthesis, the committed step in the biosynthesis of bitter

sesquiterpene lactones in chicory. Plant Physiol. 117, 1381-1392.

De Proft, M.P., Morgan, P.W., 1995. Gibberellins from Cichorium intybus L roots. Med

Fac Landbouw Univ Gent. 60, 1135-114.

Page 8: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 105

Demeulemeester, M.A.C., De Proft, M.P., 1999. In vivo and in vitro flowering response

of chicory (Cichorium intybus L), influence of plant age and vernalization. Plant Cell

Rep. 18, 781-785.

Demeulemeester, M.A.C., De Proft, M.P., 2000. Use of chicory root explants in vitro as

a model for the induction of different stem types. J. Plant Physiol. 156, 413-418.

Demeulemeester, M.A.C., Rademacher, W.,Van de-Mierop, A., De-Proft, M.P.,

1995. Influence of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on stem elongation and floral

initiation on in vitro chicory root explants under dark and light conditions. Plant Growth

Regul. 17, 47-52.

Demeulemeester, M.A.C., Vangossum, H., De Proft, M.P., 1995. Inhibition of floral

induction on in vitro chicory root explants by hydroponic forcing pretreatments of roots.

Plant Growth Regul. 17, 199-203.

Demeulemeester, M.A.C., Voet, A., De-Proft, M. P., 1995. Induction of stem

elongation on in vitro chicory root explants under unfavorable photoperiodic conditions

by gibberellin A3. Plant Growth Regul. 16, 239-241.

Demeulemeester, M.A.C., Voet, A., Van de, M., De Proft, M.P., 1995. Stem

elongation and foral initiation on in vitro chicory root explants, infuence of photoperiod.

Plant Growth Regul. 16, 233-238.

Dey, P.M., 1990. Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol. II. Carbohydrates. Academic

Press, London.

Dixit, V., Pandey, V., Shyam, R., 2001. Differential oxidative responses to cadmium in

roots and leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad). J. Exp. Bot. 52, 1101–1109.

Dodds, J.H., Roberts, L.W., 1985. Cell suspension cultures. Experiments in Plant

Tissue Culture (Cambridge University Press, New York), Ed 2.pp 104–112.

Duan, J. Z., Yazawa, S., 1994. In vitro floral development in X Doriella Tiny (Doritis pulcherima X Kingella philippinensis). Scientia Horticulturae, 59, 253-264.

Dubois, J., Millecamps, J., Vasseur, J., 1986. ReÂgeÂneration de plantes de chicoreÂe

witloof cv zoom aÁ partir de protoplastes, influence de la nutrition glucidique et azoteÂe.

CR Acad Sci Paris (Ser 3). 302, 165-170.

Dubois, T., Guedira, M., Dubois, J., Vasseur, J., 1990. Direct somatic embryogenesis

in roots of Cichorium, is callose an early marker? Ann. Bot. 65, 539-545.

Page 9: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 106

Duron, M., 1992. Induced mutations through ems treatment after adventitious bud

formation on shoot internodes of weigela cv.bristol ruby. acta hort. (ishs) 320,113-118.

Elangovan, M., 2001. Gamma radiation induced mutant for improved yield components

in sunflower. Mutat. Breed. Newslett. 45, 28-29.

Emek, K., Schwarz, O., 2009. Adventitious shoot regeneration and in vitro flowering of

Anthemis xylopoda, a critically endangered Turkish endemic. Turk. J. Biol. 33, 319-326.

Erdag, B.B., Emek, Y.C., 2009. Adventitious shoot regeneration and in vitro flowering

of Anthemis xylopoda, a critically endangered Turkish endemic 319. Turk J Biol 33, 319-

326.

Eung, J.P., Tae, L.H., Park, E.J., Lim, H.T., Myung, L.J., 1999. Establishment of an

efficient in vitro plant regeneration system in chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus).

Acta Hortic. 483, 367-370.

Evans, W.C., 1996. Ed. Trease and Evans‘ Pharmacognosy. 14th Edition., W.B.

Saunders Company Limited, London.

Farnsworth, N.R., Blowster, R.N., Darmratoski, D., Meer, W.A., Cammarato, L.V.,

1967. Studies on Catharanthus alkaloids IV Evaluation by means of TLC and ceric

ammonium sulphate spray reagent. Lloydia. 27, 302-314.

Farnsworth, N.R., Bingel, A.S., 1997. Problems and prospects of discovery new drugs

from higher plants by pharmacological screening. In: H.Wagner and P.Wolff (eds.), New

Natural products and plant drugs with pharmacological, biological and therapeutical

activity, Springer Verlag, Berlin.1-22.

Fay, M.F., 1992a. Conservation of rare and endangered plants using in vitro methods. In

Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology. 28P:1- 4.

Foster, J.G., Hess, J.L., 1980. Response of super-oxide dismutase and glutathione

reductase activities in cotton leaf tissue exposed to an atmosphere enriched in oxygen.

Plant Physiol. 66, 482-487.

Foster, S., 1990. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants, Eastern and Central North America.

Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

Foster, S., Duke, J.A., 1990. Eastern / central medicinal plants .Houghton Mifflin

company , Boston. 198.

Page 10: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 107

Franklin, G., Pius, P.K., Ignacimuthu, S., 2000. Factors affecting in vitro flowering

and fruiting of green pea (Pisum sativum L.). Euphytica. 115, 65-73.

*Franz, C., 1993. Domestication of wild growing medicinal plants. Plant Res. Dev.

37,101–111.

Fujii, T., Tano, S., 1998. Mutagenic activities of EMS on somatic (M1) and recessive

(M2) mutations in the soybean test system. Environ. Exp Bot. 26, 191-195.

Finkelstein, R.R., Gibson, S.I. 2002. ABA and sugar interactions regulating

development: Cross-talk or voices in a crowd? Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5, 26-32.

Foyer, C.H., 1997. Oxygen metabolism and electron transport in photosynthesis. pp. 587–

22

Gadgoli, C., Mishra, S.H., 1997. Antihepatotoxic activity of Cichorium intybus.

Ethanopharmacology. 52, 131-134.

Gahukar, S.J., Jambhale, N.D., 2000. Callus induction and regeneration in Saccharum

cultivar as influenced by mutagen treatment. J. Maharastra. Agric. Univ. 25, 219-220.

Gamborg, O.L., Shyluk, L., 1970. The culture of plant cells with ammonium sulphate as

a nutrition source. Plant Physiol. 3, 598-600.

Gautheret, R.J., 1969. Investigation on the root formation in tissues of Helianthus

tuberosum cultured in vitro. Am. J. Bot. 56,702-717.

Gavazzi, G.C., Tonelli, G., Todesco, E., Arreghini, F., Raffaldi, F., Vecchio, G.,

Barbuzzi, M., Biasimi, G., Sala, F., 1987. Somaclonal variation versus chemically

induced mutagenesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Theoret. Appl. Genet. 74,

733-738.

Gaul, H 1977. Mutagen effects in the first generation after seed treatment:sterility. In :

manual on mutation breeding, 2nd edn., IAEA,Vienna, 96-98.

Gazzani, G., Daglia, M., Papett, I.A., Gregotti, C., 2000. In vitro and ex vivo anti- and

prooxidant components of Cichorium intybus. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 23, 127-133.

Gazzarrini, S., Mc, C.P., 2001. Genetic interactions between ABA, ethylene and sugar

signaling pathways. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4, 387-391.

Genga, A., Giansante, L., Bernacchia, G., Allavena, A., 1994. Plant regeneration from

Cichorium intybus L.leaf explants transformed by Agrobacterium tumifaciens. J. Genet.

Breed. 48, 25-32.

Page 11: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 108

George, J., Bais, H.P., Ravishankar, G.A., 1999. Production of esculin by hairy root

cultures of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow local). Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 37, 269-

273.

Girach, R. D., Khan, H., Ahmad, M. 2003. Botanical identification of Thuhar, seldom

used as unani medicine. Hamdard. Medicus.Vol. XLVI (1): 27-33.

Giriraj, K., Hiremath, S.R., Seetharam, A., 1990. Induced variability for flowering,

seed weight and oil content in parental lines of sunflower hybrid BSH-1. Indian Journal

of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 50, 1-7.

Gmitter, F.G., Jr-Ling, X., Cai, C., Grosser, J.W., 1991. Colchicine-induced

polyploidy in Citrus embryogenic cultures somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets.

Plant Sci. 74, 135-141.

Goel, C.L. 1993. Conservation of medicinal plant resources in Himalaya. Indian

Forester. 119(12), 970–976.

Gossett, D.R., Millhollon, E.P., Lucas, M.C., 1994. Antioxidant response to NaCl stress

in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars of cotton. Crop Sci. 34, 706–714.

Grazia, S., Rocchetta, G., Pieragostini, N. 1984.Somatic variation in micropropagated

clones of Cichorium intybus. Bologna. 41, 393-5.

Grazia, S., Rochetta, G., Pieragostini, N., 1990. Somaclonal variation in chicory, in

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol II. Springer, Berlin.

Greene, E.A., Codomo, C.A., Taylor, N.E., Henikoff, J.G., Till, B.J., 2003. Spectrum

of chemically induced mutations from a large-scale reverse-genetic screen in

Arabidopsis. Genetics, 164,731-740

Grieve, M., 1971. (ed. C. F. Leyel). A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications Inc., N. York.

Grieve, M.A. 1998. Modern harbal. Tiger Books international, London (First published

in 1931 by Jonathn Cape ltd ). 197-198.

*Guha, S., Maheshwari, S.C. 1966. Cell division and differentiation of embryos in the

pollen grains of Datura in vitro. Nature. 212, 97- 98.

Gunckel, J.K., Sparrow, A.H., 1961. Ionizing radiations: biochemical, physiological andmorphological aspects of their effects on plants. Encycl. Plant Physiology, 16, 555-611

Page 12: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 109

Gupta, P.P., Sharma, S., Saxena, S., 2010. Callusing in Stevia rebaudiana (Natural

Sweetener) for Steviol Glycoside. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological

Sciences. 1, 30-34.

Gupta, V.C., Hussain, S.J., Imam, S. 1992. Conservation and cultivation of medicinal

plants of Hyderabad Forest Division, Andra Pradesh. International Seminar on

Traditional Medicine Calcutta. pp.145.

Guo-nan, C., Xiang-bing, Z., Yong-fen, H., Peng, J., 2009. Studies on Cultivation

Mode of Puna Chicory Introduced by Guizhouzhou in Northwest of Guizhou Different

Texture Soil CNKI:SUN:ZHZI.11-035

Gurel, E., Wren, M.J., 1995. In vitro development from leaf explants of sugar beet

(Beta vulgaris L.)—rhizogenesis and the effect of sequential exposure to auxin and

cytokinin. Ann. Bot.75, 31–38.

Gwozdz, E., 1973. Effect of IAA on growth organogenesis and RNA metabolism during

the development of C. intybus L root explants cultured in vitro. Acta Soc. Bot. Fol. 42,

493-506.

Hajra, N.G., 1979. Induction of mutations by chemical mutagens in tall indica rice.

Indian Agric. 23, 67–72.

Hamid, R., Kamili, A.N., Zaffar, M., Mujib, A., Teixeira da Silva., Parray, J.A.,

2010. Callus-Mediated Shoot Organogenesis from Shoot Tips of Cichorium intybus.

MAPSB 4 (special issue-1), 84-86.

Hamburger, M., Hostettmann, K., 1991. Bioactivity in plants: the link between

phytochemistry and medicine. Phytochemistry. 30(12), 3864–3874.

Haughn, G., Somerville, C.R., 1987. Selection for herbicide resistance at the whole-

plant level. In: Lebaron HM, Mumma RO, Honeycutt RC, Duesing JH (eds) Applications

of biotechnology to agricultural chemistry. American Chemical Society, Easton, PA, 98-

107.

Heinz, D.M., Krisshnamurti, L., Nickel., Maretzk, I.A., 1977. Cell, tissue and organ

culture in sugarcane improvement. In Reinert J and Bajaj Y P S (eds). Applied and

Fundamental Aspect of Plant Tissue and Organ Culture. Springer- Verlag, New York..

13-17.

Page 13: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 110

Heinz, D.J., Mee, G.W.P., 1970. Colchicine-induced polyploids from cell suspension

cultures of sugarcane. Crop Science. 10, 696-699.

Heirwegh, K.M.G., Banerjee, N., Nerum, K., Langhe, E., 1985. Somatic

embryogenesis and plant regeneration in C. intybus L (witloof, Compositae). Plant Cell

Rep. 4,108-111.

Helleboid, J.W., Bauw, G., Belingheri, L., Vasseur, J., Hilbert, L., 1998. Extracellular

b-1-3-glucanases are induced during early somatic embryogenesis in Cichorium. Planta.

205, 56-63.

Helleboid, S., Couillerot, J.P., Hilbert, J.L., Vasseur, J., 1995. Inhibition of direct

somatic embryogenesis by a-DFMA in a Cichorium hybrid, effects of polyamine content

and protein patterns. Planta. 196, 571-576.

Heinrich, M., 2000. Plant resources of south-east Asia medicinal and poisonous plants.

Phytochemistry. 53, 619–620.

Hilbert, J.L., Dubois, T., Vasseur, J., 1992. Detection of embryogenesis related

proteins during somatic embryo formation in Cichorium. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 30,

733-741.

Hilderbandt, A.C., Wilmar, J.C., Johns, H., Riker, A.J., 1964. Iron nutrition for

growth and chlorophyll development of some plant tissue culture. Nature. 202, 1235-

1236.

Hill, G.P. 1976. Morphogenesis in stem callus cultures of Convolvulus arvensis L. Ann.

Botany. 31, 437-446.

Hohn, B., Puchta, H., 2003. Some like it sticky Targeting of the rice gene waxy. Trends

in Plant Sci. 8(2), 51-53.

Hofmann, N.E., Raja, R., Nelson, R.L., Korban, S.S., 2004. Mutagenesis of

embryogenic cultures of soybean and detecting polymorphisms using RAPD markers

Biologia Plantarum. 48 (2), 173-177.

Hiscox, J.D., Israelstam, G.F., 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from

leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Bot. 57, 1332–1334.

Hughes, R., Rowland, I.R., 2001. Stimulation of apoptosis by two prebiotic Chicory

fructans in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis. 22, 43-47.

Page 14: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 111

Hurkman, W.J., Tanaka, C.K., 1987. The effects of salts on pattern of protein synthesis

in barley roots. Plant Physiol. 83, 517.

IARA and FAO symposium, 1995. Symposium and Proceedings of Induced Mutations

and Molecular Techniques for Crop Improvement. IARA and FAO, Vienna, Austria.

America. (5), 827-833.

Ignacimuthu, S., Franklin, G., Melchias, G., 1997. Multiple shoot formation and in

vitro fruiting of Vigna mungo L. Hepper. Curr. Sci. 73, 733-735.

Inding, H., Nehls, R., 1980. Regeneration of isolated protoplasts of Senecio vulgaris. Z

Pflanzenphysiol. 99,183.

Israelsen, L.D., 1997. United States regulatory status of botanical preparations. In:

World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare, 2, 1997.

Abstracts. Mendoza: ICMPA/ISHS/SAIPOA, p. L-44.

Jabeen, N., Mirza, B., 2002. Ethyl methane sulfonate enhances genetic variability in

Capsicum annuum. AJOPS. 4, 425–428.

Jain, R.K., Davey, M.R., Cocking, E.C., Wu, R., 1997. Carbohydrate and osmotic

requirements for high frequency plant regeneration from protoplast derived colonies

Jain, S.M., Buiatti, M., Gimelli, F., Saccardo, F., 1998. Somaclonal variation in

improving ornamental plants. In: Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop

improvement, S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar and B.S. Ahloowalia (eds). Kluwer Academic

Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp 81-105.

Jindal, M.N., Patel, V.K., Patel, N.B., 1975. Pharmacological actions of aqueous and

alcoholic extracts of roots of C. intybus L. Indian J Pharm. 7(3), 24-33.

*Johnson, T.S., Narayan, S.B., Narayan, D.B.A., 1997. Rapid in vitro propagation of

Saussurea lappa an endangered medicinal plant through multiple shoot cultures. In vitro

Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 33, 128-130.

Joseph, C., 1984. Les facteurs racinaires d‘induction florale de l‘endive. Thèse Doctorat

d‘Etat, Universitéd‘Orléans (France).

Joseph, C., Paulet, P., 1975. Contribution aÁ l'eÂtude vernalisante du froid sur la racine

de Cichorium intybus L. Physiol. Veg. 13, 17-525.

Page 15: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 112

Joseph, C., Seigneuret, J.M., Tourand, G., Billot, J., 1983. The free gibberellins of

Cichorium intybus L root, identification of and changes during vernalization. Z

Pflanzenphysiol. 110, 401-407.

Joseph, C., Billot, J., Soudain, P., Cone, D., 1986. The effect of clod, anoxia and

ethylene on the flowering ability of buds of C. intybus L. Physiol. Plant 65, 146-150.

Joseph, R., Yeoh, H., Loh, C.S., 2004. Induced mutations in Cassava using somatic

embryos and identification of mutant plants with altered starch yield and composition.

Plant Cell Rep. 23, 91-98. *Joshi, D.N., Rawat, G.S., 1997. Need for conservation and propagation of alpine and

sub–alpine medicinal plants of North West Himalaya. Indian Forester. 123, (9) 811–814.

Juan, P., WenZhou, X., QuanMing, T., Sun, N., Feng, C., JianPing, Y., 2008.

Comparative analysis of astaxanthin and its esters in the mutant E1 of Haematococcus

pluvialis and other green algae by HPLC with a C30 column. Sci China Ser C-Life Sci.

51(12), 1108-1115.

Judzentiene, A., Budiene, J., 2008. Volatile constituents from aerial parts and roots of

Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) grown in Lithuania. Chemija. 19(2), 25-28.

Junaid, A., Mujib, A., Sharma, M.P., 2008. Effect of growth regulators and

ethylmethane sulphonate on growth and chlorophyll sugar and proline contents in

Dracaena sanderiana cultured in vitro. Biologia Plantarum. 52(3), 569-572.

Kalynyak, P.P., Trofymyak, T.B., Komisarenko, M.F., Blyum, Y.B., 1995.

Production of callus lines for plants from Arnica genus and analysis of their biosynthetic

activity. Dopovidi Natsional'noyiAkademiyi Nauk Ukrayiny, 9,107-110.

Kaul, M.K., 1997. Medicinal plants of Kashmir and Ladakh and Cold arid Himalaya.

Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.

Keshri, G., Lakshmi, V., Singh, M.M., 1998. Postcoital contraceptive activity of some

indigenous plants in rats Contraception. Stoneham. 57, 357-360.

Khan, M.R., Qureshi, A.S., Syed, A.H., Ibrahim, M., 2005. Genetic variability

induced by gamma irradiation and its modulation with gibberellic acid in M2 generation

of Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 37 (2), 285-292.

Page 16: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 113

Khan, Z., Gupta, H., Ansari, M.Y.K., Chaudhary, S., 2009. Methyl

methanesulphonate induced chromosomal variations in a medicinal plant Cichorium

intybus L. during microsporogenesis. Biology and Medicine. 1(2), 66-69.

Ki, C.G., Yim, D., Lee, S.Y., 1999. Biological activities of root of Cichorium intybus.

Nat. Prod. Science. 51, 55-158.

Kim, J.H., Baek, M.H., Chung, B.Y., Wi, S.G., Kim, J.S., 2004. Alterations in the

photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant machineries of red pepper (Capsicum annuum

L) seedlings from gamma-irradiated seeds. J. Plant Biotechnol. 47(2), 314-321.

Kim, J.H., Mun, Y., Woo, W., Jeon, K., 2002. Effects of the ethanol extract of

Cichorium intybus on the immunotoxicity by ethanol in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol.

2,733-744.

Kleinhofs, A., Owais W.M., Nilan, RA. 1978a. Azide. Mutatation Res. 55, 165–95.

Kleinhofs, A., Warner, R.L., Muehlbauer, F.J., Nilan, R.A., 1978b. Induction and

selection of specific gene mutations in Hordeum and Pisum. Mutatation Res. 51, 29–35.

Knop, W., 1966. Quantitative Untersuchung uÈber die Enrahrungsprozek der Planzen.

Handwirtsch Res. 7, 93-107.

Kozlowski, J., 1997. Cultivation and research of medicinal and spice plants in Poland,

Zeistchrift–fur–Arznei and Gewar–zrflanzen. 2(3), 147–149.

Krumbiegel, G., Schieder. O., 1981. Comparison of somatic and sexual incompatibility

between Datura innoxia and Atropa belladonna. Planta. 153, 446 - 470

Kumar K., Gill, M.I.S., Kaur, H., Choudhary, O.P., Gosal, S.S., 2010. In Vitro

Mutagenesis and Somaclonal Variation Assisted Salt Tolerance in ‗Rough Lemon‘

(Citrus jambhiri Lush.) Europ. J. Hort. Sci. 75 (6), 233–238.

Kumari, R., Velayutham, P., Anitha, S., 2007. A Comparitive Study on Inulin and

Esculin Content of In vitro and In vivo Plants of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. Cv.

Lucknow Local). Advances in Biological Research. 1(1-2), 22-25.

Kumamaru, T., Satoh, H., Iwata, N., Omura, T., Ogawa, M., Tanaka, K., 1988.

Mutants for rice storage proteins. Screening of mutants for rice storage proteins of protein

bodies in the starchy endosperm. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76, 11–16.

Page 17: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 114

Lal, N., Ahuja, P.S., 1993. Assessment of liquid culture procedure for in vitro

propagation of Rheum emodi. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 34(2), 223–226.

Leake, C.D., 1967. Consulting ed Biological actions of DMSO Ann New York Acad Sci.

1, 411-667.

Leclerco, E., 1984. Determination of lactucin in roots of chicory. J. Chromatogr. 283,

441-444.

Ledbetter, D.I., Preece, J.E. 2004. Thidiazuron stimulates adventitious shoot production

from Hydrangia quercifolia Bartr. leaf explants. Scientia Horticulturae. 101, 121-126.

Leonard, C.D., 1967. Use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a carrier for iron in nutritional foliar

sprays applied to citrus. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 141,148-158.

Le Strange, R.A., 1977. History of herbal plants.Arco publishing compny, Inc., New

york.79-80.

Liebert, J., Tran, T., Van, M., 1972. ProgreÁs de la multiplication clonale intense chez

les plantes cultiveeÂs: cas de l'endive. Etude de la capacite neÂoformatrice des couches

minces de cellules de type epidermis de C intybus L. CR Acad Agric Fr. 58,472-477.

Lothfipour, F.H., Nazemiyeh, F.F., Azad, N.G., Arami, S., 2008. Evaluation of

antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants from North-West Iran. Iran. J. Basic

Med. Sci.11, 80-85.

Lucau-Danila, A., Laborde, L., Legrand, S., Huot, L., Hot,

D., Lemoine,

Y., Hilbert,

J.L., Hawkins, S., Quillet, M.S., Hendriks,

T., Blervacq, A.S., 2010. Identification of

novel genes potentially involved in somatic embryogenesis in chicory (Cichorium intybus

L.). Plant Biology, 10,122.

Mahandjiev, A., Kosturkova, G., Mihov, M., 2001. Enrichment of Pisum sativum gene

resources through combined use of physical and chemical mutagens. Israel Journal of

plant sciences. 49(4), 279-284.

Malarz, J., Stojakowska, A., Szneler, E., Kisiel, W., 2005. Furofuran lignans from a

callus culture of Cichorium intybus. Plant Cell Rep. 24, 246–249.

Maluszynski, M., Ahloowalia, B.S., Sigurbjornsson, B., 1995. Application of in vivo

and in vitro mutation techniques for crop improvement. Euphytica. 85, 303-315.

Margara, J., 1965. Analyse expeÂrimentale en culture in vitro du besoin de

vernalisation chez Cichorium intybus L. CR. Acad. Sci. Paris. 276, 2373-2376.

Page 18: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 115

Margara, J., 1969. Sur l'aptitude de tissus au bourgeonnement et aÁ l'initiation florale

in vitro. CR Acad Sci Paris 268D.803-805.

Margara, J., 1973. Interaction de facteurs nutritionels sur l'inititation florale des

bourgeons de C. intybus L neaoforms in vitro. CR Acad Sci Paris. 277, 2673-2676.

Margara, J., Rancillac, M., Bounniol, A., 1966. Recherches expeÂrimentales sur la

neÂoformation de bourgeons in¯ orestentiels ou vegetatifs in vitro aÁ partir d'explants

d'endive C intybus L III.

Margara, J., Tourand, G., 1968. Id VL induction photopeÂriodique. Ann. Physiol. Veg.

10, 41-56.

Martin, G., 1945. Action de la colchicine sur les tissus de topinambour cultive´ in vitro

Rev Cytol et Cytophysiol Ve´g. 81-34.

Martin Tanguy, J., Margara, J., Martin, C., 1984. Phenolamides et induction florale

de Cichorium intybus dans diffeÂrents conditions de culture en serre ou in vitro. Physiol.

Plant. 61, 257-262.

Marwood, C.A., Greenberg, B.M., 1996. Effect of supplementary gamma irradiation on

chlorophyll synthesis and accumulation of photosystems during chloroplast development

in Spirodela oligorrhiza. Photochem. 64(4), 664-670.

Mashenkov, A., 1986. Induced mutation process as a source of new Mutants. Maize

Genetics Cooperation Newsletter. 60, 70-71.

Mc Callum, C.M., Comai, L., Greene, E.A., Henikoff, S., 2000a. Targeted screening

for induced mutations. Nat. Biotechnol.18, 455-457.

Mc Clintock, B., 1984. The significance of responses of the genome to challenge. Science 226, 792–801. Memelink, J., 2005. The use of genetics to dissect plant secondary pathways. Current

Opinion in Plant Biology. 8 (3), 230-235.

Mensah, J.K., Obadoni, B.O., Akomeah, P.A., Lkhajiagbe, B., Janet. A., 2007. The

effect of sodium azide and colchicine treatments on morphological and yield traits of

sesame seed (Sesame indicum L). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6(5), 534-538.

Micke, A., Donini, B., Malauszynski., 1987. Induced mutation for Crop Improvement.

A review Crop Agic. (Trinidad). 64(4), 259-278.

Mierlic, I.D., Ciornea, E., Ghiorghi, G., 2011. The activity of some oxidoreductases in

hordeum vulgare l. plants treated with ethyl–methane sulfonate and rosmarinus

Page 19: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 116

officinalis l. hydro- alcoholic extracts. Analele _tiin_ifice ale Universit_ii„ Alexandru

Ioan Cuza‖, Sec_iunea Genetic Biologie Molecular_, TOM XII.

Minocha, J.L., Arnason, T.J., 1962. Mutagenic effectiveness of ethyl methane sulfonate

in barley. Nature.196, 499.

Misra, R.C., 2001. Productive mutants of Niger. Mutat Breed Newslett. 45, 42-43.

Mitra, S.K., Venkataranganna, M.V., Sundaram, R., Gopumadhavan, S., 1998.

Protective effect of HD-03 a herbal formulation against various hepatotoxic agents in

rats. Ethnopharmacol. 63, 181-186.

Mix, J., 1985. Regeneration in vitro of plants from leaf vein segments of chicory.

Landbauforsch Volken Rode. 35, 59-62.

Moustafa, R.A.K., Duncan, D.R., Widholm, J.M., 1989. The effect of gamma radiation

and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea on cultured maize callus growth and plant regeneration. Plant

Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 17, 121-132.

Monde, K., Oya T., Shirata, M., Takasugi, M., 1990. A guaianolide phytolexin from C.

intybus. Phytochem. 29, 3449-3451.

Morel, G.M., 1960. Producing virus free Cymbidium. Ami. Orchid. Soc. Bult. 29, 495-

497.

Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with

tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497.

Murashige, T., 1978. The impact of plant tissue culture on agriculture. In, Thorpe TA

(ed). Frontiers of Plant Tissue Culture, University Offset Printing Service.15-26.

Muthusamy, A., Vasanth, K., Sivasankari, D., Chandrasekar, B.R., Jayabalan, N.,

2007. Effects of mutagens on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in

groundnut. Biol. Plant. 51, 430-435.

Naik, P.M., Murthy, H.N., 2009. The effects of gamma and ethylmethanesulphonate

treatments on agronomical traits of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.). African Journal of

Biotechnology. 8(18), 4459-4464.

Nandagopal, S., Kumari, R.B.D., 2006. Adenine sulphate induced high frequency shoot

organogenesis in callus and in vitro flowering of Cichorium intybus L. cv. Focus - a

potent medicinal plant. Acta agriculturae Slovenica. 87(2), 415 – 425.

Page 20: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 117

Nandagopal, S., Kumari, R.B.D., 2007. Effectiveness of auxin induced in vitro root

culture in Chicory. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 8(1),73-80.

Nanjo, T., Kobayashi, M., Yoshiba, Y., Wada, K., Tsukaya, H., Kakaubari, Y.,

Yamaguchi Shinozaki, K., 1999. Biological functions of proline in morphogenesis and

osmotolerance revealed in antisense transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 18,185-193.

Narayanswamy, S., George, L., 1972. Morphogenesis of Belladonna (Atropa

belladonna L) plantlets from pollen in culture. Indian J. Expt. Biol. 120, 382–384.

Natrajan, A.T.U., Padhya, M.D., 1964. Localised chromosome breakage by EMS and

HA in Vicia faba. Chromosoma. 15,156-159.

Nayeemunnisa, M., Kumuda, R., 2003. Cardioprotective effects of Cichorium intybus

in ageing myocardium of albino rats. Curr. Sci. 84, 941- 943.

Nehra, N.S., Kartha, K.K., 1994. Meristem and shoot tip culture, requirements and

applications. In, Vasil IK, Thorpe T (eds). Plant Cell Tissue Culture. Kluwer Academy.

37-70.

Nikam, T.D., Shitole, M.G., 1993. Regeneration of niger (Guizotia abyssinica cass.)cv.

Sahyadri from seedling explants. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 32, 345-349.

Nitsch, J.P., Nitsch, C., 1964. NeÂoformation de boutons floraux sur culture in vitro de

feuilles et de racines de Cichorium intybus L.Existence d'un eÂtat vernalise en

l'absence de bourgeons. Bull Soc. Bot. Fr .111, 299-304.

Nitsch, J.P., Bui, D.H., Nitsch, C., 1966. Extraction d'un facteur de bourgeonnement de

l'endive (Cichorium intybus L). Bull Soc. Bot. Fr. 113,425-429.

Novak, F.J., 1991. In vitro mutation system for crop improvement. In: Plant Mutation

Breeding for Crop Improvement, Vol. 2, IAEA, Vienna, pp. 327-342.

Ohta, H., Seto, Y., Tsunoda, N., 1997. Determination of Aconitum alkaloids in blood

and urine samples. High performance liquid chromatographic separation, solid-phase

extraction and mass spectrometric confirmation. Journal of Chromatography B. 691, 351-

356.

Okagaki, R.J., Neffer, M.G., Wessler, S.R., 1991. A deletion common to two

independently derived waxy mutations of maize. Genetics. 127, 425-431.

Page 21: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 118

Omar, S.A. 1998. The role of rock-phosphate-solubilizing fungi and vesicular–

arbuscular-mycorrhiza (VAM) in growth of wheat plants fertilized with rock phosphate.

World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 14, 211–218.

Omar, M.S., Novak, F.J., 1990. In vitro plant regeneration and ethylmethanesulphonate

(EMS) uptake in somatic embryos of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Plant Cell, Tiss.

Org. Cult. 20, 185–190

OMS., 1991. Organization Mundial de la Salud. Pautas para la evalucion de

medicamentos herba´rios. Ginebra.

Osama, M.S., 2002. Molecular genetic studies on irradiated wheat plants, Ph.D thesis of

genetic Deptof genet Fac of Agric Ain Shams, Uni.

Papetti, A., Daglia, M., Gazzani, G., 2002. Anti and pro-oxidant activity of water

soluble compounds in Cichorium intybus var silvestre (Treviso red chicory). J. Pharm.

Biomed. Anal. 30, 939-945.

Patra, J.B., Panda, B., 1998. ‗A comparison of biochemical responses to oxidative and

metal stress of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)‘. Environ. Pollut. 101, 99.

Paulet, P., 1979. Sur la regulation de la neÂoformation florale in vitro. Physiol. Veg. 17,

631-641.

Paulet, P., 1985. Cichorium intybus L and Cichorium endiva, in CRC Handbook of

Flowering, Ed by Halevy AH, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 265-271.

Paulet, P., Nitsch, J.P., 1964. Neoformation defleurs in vitro sur des cultures de tissus de

racines de C. intybus L. CR Acad Sci Paris. 258, 5952-5955.

Pauw, B., Memelink, J., 2005. Jasmonate-responsive gene expression. J. Plant Growth

Regul. 23, 200–210.

Payne, G., Bringi, V., Prince, C., Shuller, M., 1991. The quest for commercial

production of chemicals from plant cell culture. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture in Liquid

Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Perez, C., Pauli M., Bazerque, P., 1990. An intybus L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 95, 455-457.

Page 22: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 119

Petrova, M., Ely, Z., yankova, E., Baldzhiev, G., 2011. Plant regeneration from callus

culture of Arnica Montana Romanian. Biotechnological Letters. 16, 92-97.

Petrovic, J., Stanojkovic, A., Comic, L., Curcic, S., 2004. Antibacterial activity of

Cichorium intybus. Fitoterapia, 75, 737-739.

Petri, G., Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1989. Datura species. In vitro regeneration and the production

of tropanes. pp. 135–157 In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Medicinal and

Aromatic plants II.(eds Y.P.S. Bajaj). Springer–Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 7.

Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H., Gardner, D.R., Stegeleier, B.L., Manners, G.D., Panter,

K.E., 2002. Management of three toxic Delphinium species based on alkaloid

concentrations. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 30, 129–138.

Phillips, R.L., Kaeppler, S.M., Olhoft, P., 1994. Genetic instability of plant tissue cultures: breakdown of normal controls. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5222–5226.

Pieragostini, E., Grazia, S., Rochetta, G., Palenzona, D.I., 1981. Analisi della

variabilita intra clonale in C intybus mediante selezione in vitro su diversiterreni di

culture. Atti SIGA. 35, 77-79.

Pieron, S., Belaizi, M., Boxus, P.H., 1993. Nodule culture, a possible morphogenetic

pathway in C. intybus L propagation. Sci. Hort. 53, 1-11.

Pillai, P.S., Abraham, B., 1996. Improvement of fruit character and yield in swett

pepper by mutation induction. Mutation breeding–New letter. 42, 17-18.

Pius, J., George, L., Eapen, S., Rao, P.S., 1994. Evaluation of somoclonal and mutagen

variation in finger millet. Pl. Breeding. 112, 239-243.

Plucknett, D.L., 1983. Taxonomy of the genus Colocasia. Pp. 14-19 in Taro: A Review

of Colocasia esculenta and Its Potentials. Edited by J. Wang. University of Hawaii Press,

Honolulu, Hawaii.

Predieri, S., 2001. Induced mutation and tissue culture in fruits. Plant Cell Tis. Organ

Cul. 64(3), 185-210.

Predieri, S., 2001. In vitro propagation and breeding of ornamental plants: Advantages and disadvantages of variability. Euphytica 115, 12-14.

Page 23: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 120

Previati, A., Benelli, C., Da-Re, F., De-Carlo, A., Vettori, C., Lambardi, M., 2005. In

vitro propagation and conservation of red chicory germplasm the role of biotechnology.

5(7), 207-208.

Pritchard, J., Wyn-Jones, R.G., Tomos, A.D., 1991. Turgor, growth and

rheological gradients in wheat roots following osmotic stress. J Exp Bot 42,1043-1049.

Profuma, P., 1967. Osservazioni sulla coltura in vitro di foglie frammenti fogliari di C

intybus L. Gior. Bot.101, 312.

Profuma, P., Gastaldo, P., Caffaro, C., Dameri, R.M., Micheleozzi., Bennici, A.,

1985. Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in C. intybus L. II. Effect of different

hormonal treatments. Protoplasma. 126, 215-220.

Purahit, S.D., Dave, A., Kukda, G., 1994. Micropropagation of safed musli

(Chlorophytum borivilianum) a rare medicinal herb. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture.

39, 93-96.

Pushparaj, P.N., Low, H.K., Manikandan, J., Tan, B.K.H., Tan, C.H., 2007. Anti-

diabetic effects of Cichorium intybus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J.

Ethnopharmacol. 111(2), 430-434.

Pyrek, J.S.T., 1977. Roez Chemie. 51, 21-65.

Pandit, M.K., Babu, C.K. 1998. Biology and conservation of coptis teeta wall. An

endemic and endangered medicinal herb of Eastern Himalaya. Environmental

Conservation. 25, (3) 262–272.

Rai, L.K., Prasad, L., Sharma, E., 2000. Conservation threats to some important

medicinal plants of the Sikkim Himalaya. Biological Conservation. 93(1), 27–33.

Ramesh, B., Prasad, B.K., Singh, V.P., 2001. Semi dwarf high yielding and high

protein mutants in barley. Mutat. Breed Newslett. 45, 26-27.

Ramachandra, R.S., Ravishankar, G.A., 2002. Plant cell cultures: chemical factories of

secondary metabolites, Biotechnology Advances. 20, 101-153.

Page 24: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 121

Ranicillac, M., Margara, J., 1968. Recherches expeÂrimentales sur la neÂoformation

de bourgeons inflorestentiels ou vegetatifs in vitro aÁ partir d'explants d'endive C.

intybus L. Ann. Physiol. Veg. 10, 69-81.

Rao, T.A., 1961. A further contribution to the flora of Kashmir state. Bull Bot. Surv.

India. 2, 387-423.

Rascio, A., Russo, M., Mazzucco, L., Plantani, C., Nicastro, G., Difonzo, N., 2001.

Enhanced osmo-tolerance of a wheat mutant selected for potassium accumulation. Plant

Sci.160, 441-448.

Rastogi, R.P., Mehrotra, B.N., 1994. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Rastogi,

R.P. (Ed.). Orient.

Ravikesavan, R., Kalaimagal, T., Rathnaswamy, R., 2001. An extra early mutant of

pigeonpea. Mutat Breed Newslett. 45, 19-20.

Rayns, F.W., 1993. Micropropagation. In:In Vitro Cultivation of Plant Cells.

Biotechnology by Open Learning. Butterworth- Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, pp. 113–130.

Reddy, K.R.K., Rao, G.P., Malathi, N., Bahadur, B., 1987. Effect of gamma irridation

on growth and phenolic production in castor bean cultures. Curr. Sci. 56(23), 1234-1235.

Reddy, V.R.K., Gupta, P.K., 1989. Biological effects of gamma rays and EMS in hexaploid Triticale. Acta Botanica, 17, 76-86.

Rehman, R.U., Fazli, L.S., Srivastava, P.S., Abdin, M., Sushil, K., 2001. Plant

regeneration from the leaf explants of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Journal of

Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science. 23, 206-211.

Rehman, R.U., Israr, M., Srivastava, P.S., Bansal, K.C., 2003. In vitro regeneration of

witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) from leaf explants and accumulation of esculin. In

vitro Cell Develop Biol. Plant. 39, 142-146.

Ricardo, M., Ando, A., 1998. Effects ofgamma-radiation and sodium azide on

quantitativecharacters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genetics of Molecular Biology. 21(1),

244-251.

Page 25: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 122

Robatche-Claive, A. S., Couillerot, J.P., Dubois, J., Dubois, T., Vasseur J. 1992.

EmbryogeneÁse somatique directe dans les feuilles du Cichorium hybrid 474. CR Acad.

Sci. Paris. 314, 371-377.

Roberfroid, M.B., Cumps, J., Devogelaer, J.P., 2002. Dietary chicory inulin increases

whole body bone mineral density in growing male rats. J. Nutr. 132(12), 3599-602.

Roitsch, T., 1999. Source-sink regulation by sugar and stress. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2,

198-206.

Rudi, G., Lohemar, K., 1999. Chicory extract powder and extract production processes

and apparatus. US Patent, 5958497.

Sakin, M.A., Yildirim, A., 2004. Induced mutations for yield and its component in

durum wheat (Triticum durum Defs). Food Agric. Environ. 2(1), 285-290.

Sandalio, L.M, Dalura, HC., Gomez, M., Romero-Puertas, M.C., del Rio, L.A.,

2001.Cadmium-induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants. J.

Exp. Bot. 52, 2115-2126.

Sannai, A., Fujimori, I., Kato, K., 1982. Studies on flavour components of roasted

chicory root. Agric. Biol. Chem. 46, 429-433.

Saski, F., Millecamps, J., Vasseur, J., 1986. ReÂgeÂneration de plantes de chicoreÂe

witloof cv zoom aÁ partir de protoplastes: in¯ uence de la nutrition glucidique et azoteÂe.

CR Acad. Sci. Paris (Ser 3). 302, 175-185.

Schmidt, B. M., Ilic, N., Poulev, A., Raskin, I., 2007. Toxicological evaluation of a

chicory root extractFood Chem. Toxicol. 45, 1131.

Scorza, R., 1982. In vitro flowering. Hort. Rev. 4, 106-127. Sedgwick, B.,Vaughan, P., 1991.Widespread adaptive response against environmental methylating agents in microorganisms. Mutat. Res. 250, 211–221.

Senet, A., Vasseur, J., Leferbure, R.,1983. Sur l'aptitude de petits explantats racinaires

de C intybus L (var witloof) aÁ produire des racines adventives en culture in vitro. CR

Acad. Paris. 297, 81-86.

Serrentino, J., 1991. How Natural Remedies Work? Harley and Marks Publishers, Point

Robert, WA. 20-22.

Page 26: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 123

Sesbastian, S. A., Fader, G. M., Unlirich, F.D.R., Chaleff, R.S., 1989. Semi-dominant

Soybean mutations for resistance to sulfonyl urea herbicides. Crop Sci. 24, 851-852.

Seto, M., Miyase, T., Umehara, K., Hirano, Y., Otani, N., 1988. Sesquiterpene

lactones from C. endivia and C. intybus and cytotoxic activity. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36,

2423-2429.

Seto, M., Miyase, T., Umehara, K., Hirano, Y., Otani, N., 1996. Chevallier, The

Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Dorling Kindersley, London.

Sen, J., Sharma, A.K., 1991. Micropropagation of Withania somnifera from germinating

seeds and shoots tips. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 26,71-73.

Sharma, N., Chandel, K.P.S., Paul, A., 1993. In vitro propagation of Gentiana kurroo-

an indigenous threatened plant of medicinal importance. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ

Culture. 34, 307-309.

Sharma, S., Neelima R., Kamal, B., Pundir, D., Kaur, B., Arya, S., 2010.

Conservation of biodiversity of highly important medicinal plants of India through tissue

culture technology- a review. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am. 1(5), 827-833.

Sheeja, T.E., Mandal, A.B., 2003. In vitro flowering and fruiting in tomato

(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Asia Pacific. J. Mol. Biol. and Biotech.11(1), 37-42.

Siddiqui, S.A., Ansari, M.Y.K., Ahmad, R., 1982. Effect of 24-D on meiotic

chromosomes of Helianthus annusL cv peredovick. Bull Soc Bot. Fr 129 Letters Bot. 2,

91-94.

Siddiq, E.A., Majid, R., 1969. Dimethyl sulfoxide as a carrier of colchicine. Current Sci.

38, 215-216.

Simon, J.E., Chadwick, L.F., Craker, L.E., 1984. Herbs, an Indexed Bibliography. The

Scientific Literature on Selected Herbs, and Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of the

Temperate Zone. Archon Books, Hamden, CT.

Singh, N.D., Sahoo, L., Sarin, N.B., Jaiwal, P.K., 2003. The effect of TDZ on

organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp). -

Plant Sci. 164, 341- 347.

Page 27: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 124

Singh, S.K., Singh, S.B., 1993. Effect of gamma rays on callus growth and plant

regeneration in sugarcane CV Co 687; Indian Sugar. 43(3), 181-182.

Singh, S., Richharia, A.K., Joshi, A.K., 1998. An assessment of gamma ray induced

mutations in rice (Oryza sativa L). Indian J Genet. 58(4), 455-463.

Sivanasan, I., Jeong, B.R., 2007. Micropropagation and in vitro flowering in Pentanema

indicum Ling. Plant Biotechnology. 24, 527-532.

Skirvin, R.M., Chu, M.C., Young, H.J., 1990. Rose. In: Ammirato P.V., Evans DR.,

Sharp WR., Bajaj YPS. (eds), Handbook of plant cell culture, vol. 5. New York, Mcgraw

Hill: 716–743.

Smale, B.C., 1969. (DMSO) agricultural solvent-penetrant- carrier-antiviral agent.

Sulphur Inst J. 5(3), 2-6.

Smeekens, S., 2000. Sugar-induced signal transduction in plants. Annu. Rev Plant

Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51, 49-81.

Smith, R.F., Rees, D.I., 1963. The spectrophotometric determination of caffeine in

coffee and tea with special reference to coffee and chicory mixtures. Analyst. 88, 310-

313.

Smith, R.F., 1964. The spectrophotometric determination of caffeine. Analyst. 89,146-

147.

Srivastava, A., Singh, V.P., 1996. Induced high yielding Pigeonpea mutants. Mutat

Breed Newslett. 42, 8-9.

Somashekaraiah, S.V., Padmaja, K., Prasad, A.R.K., 1992. Phytotoxicity of cadmium

ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Involvement of lipid

peroxidation in chlorophyll degradation. Physiol. Plant. 85, 85-89.

Stewart, R.R., 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and

Kashmir (Fakhri Press Karachi Pakistan).

Stiff, M., Krapp, A., 1999. The interaction between elevated carbon dioxide and

nitrogen nutrition: The physiological and molecular background. Plant Cell Environ. 22,

583-621.

Page 28: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 125

Stockigt, J., Obitz, P., Flakenhagen, H., Lutterbach, R., Endress, R., 1995. Natural

products and enzymes from plant cell cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult. 43, 914–20.

Stojakowska, A., Kisiel, W., 2007. Effect of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on

sesquiterpene lactone accumulation in hairy roots of Cichorium intybus. Acta Physiologia

Plantarum. 29(2), 127-132.

Strid, A., Chow, W.S., Anderson, J.M., 1990. Effects of supplementary gamma

irradiation on photosynthesis in Pisum sativum. Biochem. 1020(1), 260-268.

Sudhir, S., Neelima, R., Barkha, K., Dipika, P., Baljinder, K., Sarita, A., 2010.

Conservation of biodiversity of highly important medicinal plants of India through tissue

culture technology a review. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North. 1(5), 827-833.

Sung, Z.R., 1976. Mutagenesis of cultured plant cells. Genetics. 84, 51-57.

Svetleva, L.D., 2004. Induction of chlorophyll mutants in common bean under the action

of chemical mutagens ENU and EMS. Scientific Journal in Agriculture. 5(2), 85–90.

Svetleva, L.D., Crino., 2005. Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and N-nitrose-N-

Ethyl Urea (ENU) on callus growth of common bean. Journal of Central European

Agriculture. 6(1), 59-64.

Tah, P.R., 2006. Induced macro-mutation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Int. J. Bot. 2,

219-228.

Tanaka, K., Otsubo, T., Kondo, N. 1982. Participation of hydrogen peroxide in the

inactivation of Calvin cycle SH enzymes in SO2-fumigated spinach leaves. Plant Cell.

Physiol. 23, 1009-1018.

Thapa, C.B., 2004. Effect of acute exposure of gamma rays on seed germination and

seedling growth of Pinus kesiya Gord and P. wallichiana A.B. Jacks. Our Nature, 2, 13-

17.

Theiter-Hedtrich, R., Badoux, S., 1986. Using in vitro multiplication in a program for

breeding red bitter chicory. Rev Suis Vit Arbor Hort. 18, 271-275.

Tran, T., Van, M., 1973. Direct flower neoformation from superficial tissue or small

explants of, Nicotiana tobacum L. Planta. 115, 87-92.

Page 29: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 126

Trione, E.J., Stockwell, V.O., 1989. Development of detached wheat spikelets in

culture. Plant Cell Tiss. Org Cult. 17,161-170.

Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J.N., 2003. Role of biotechnology in medicinal plants Tropical

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2 (2), 243-253.

Toker, C., Uzen, B., Canci, H., Ceylan, F.O., 2005. Effects of gamma irradiation on

the shoot length of Cicer seeds. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 73, 365-367.

Toponi, M., 1963. Action combinee de la kinetine et de l'acide indolylacetique sur la

neoformation d'organes par des fragments de feuilles d'endive (Cichorium intybus L.)

cultives in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 257:3030-3033.

Touraev, A., Vicente, O., Heberle-Bors, E., 1997. Initiation of microspore

embryogenesis by stress. Trends Plant Sci., 2, 297-302.

Turkan, A.D., Khawar, K.M., Ciftci-Ozcans, C.Y., 2006. Effects of Mutagenic

Sodium Azide (NaN3) on in vitro Development of Four Pea (Pisum sativum L) Cultivars.

International Journal of Agriculture & Biology. 8, 49-51.

Thomas, T.D., Philip, B., 2005. Thidiazuron-induced high-frequency shoot

organogenesis from leaf-derived callus of a medicinal climber, Tylophora indica (Burm.

F.) Merrill . In Vitro Cell Dev. Bio. Plant. 41 (2), 124-128.

Tiwari, V., Tiwari, K.N., Singh, B.D. 2000. Suitability of Liquid cultures for in vitro

multiplication of Bacopa monniera Linn.Wettst. Phytomorphology. 50, 337-342.

Trigiano, R.N., Gray, D.J., 2000. Plant tissue culture: concepts and laboratory exercises,

2nd edn. CRC Press.

Upadhyay, R., Arumugam, N., Bhojwani, S.S., 1989. In vitro propagation of

Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex Benth. An endangered species of medicinal importance.

Phytomorphology. 39, 235-242.

Uma, M.S., Salimath, P.M., 2001. Effects of ionizing radiations on germination and emergence of cowpea seeds. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Science, 14 (4), 1063-1064. Umar, A., Mishra, M.N., 2004. Effect of gamma-rays, EMS and NMU on germination,

seedling vigour, pollen viability and plant survival in M1and M2 generation of Okra

(Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Advances in Plant Science, 17(1), 295-297.

Page 30: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 127

Van Den-Bulk, R.W., Loffer, H.J.M., Lindhout, W.H., Koornneef, M., 1990.

Somaclonal variation in tomato, effect of explants source and a comparison with

chemical mutagenesis. Theoretical Applied Genetics. 80, 817-825.

Van Uden, W., Pras, N., Malingre, T.M., 1990. On the improvement of the

podophyllotoxin production by phenylpropanoid precursor feeding to cell cultures of

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult. 23, 217–24.

Van Harten, A.M., 1998. Mutation breeding Theory and Practical Applications.

Cambridge University (Press Cambridge United Kingdom). 127-140.

Van, K., Jang, H.J., Jang, Y.N., Suk-Ha, L. 2008. Regeneration of Plants from EMS-

treated Immature Embryo Cultures in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] J. Crop Sci.

Biotech. 11(2), 119-126.

Van, K., Kim, K.S., Ha, B.K., Jun, T.H., Jang, H.J., Kim, M.Y., Lee, S.H., 2005.

Molecular marker characterization of a supernodulating soybean mutant, SS2-2. Kor. J.

Breed. 37, 35-42

Vardjan, M., Nitsch, J.P., 1961. La regeneration chez Cichorium endivia L. Bull Soc

Bot Fr.108, 363-374.

Varotto, S., Lucchin M., Parrini, P., 1997. Plant regeneration from protoplast of Italian

red chicory (Cichorium intybusc). J. Genetics and Breeding. 15, 17-22.

Vasil, I.K., Hilderbandt, A.C., Riker, A.J., 1964. Endive plantlets from freely

suspended cell groups grown in vitro. Science ,146, 6-77.

Vasseur, J., Sene, A., 1984. Infuence de quelques reÂgulateurs racinaires de C intybus L

(var witloof) cultiveÂs in vitro. CR Acad Sci Paris (Ser 3). 298, 371-379.

Velayutham, P., Ranjithakumari, B.D., Baskaran, P., 2006. An efficient in vitro plant

regeneration system for Cichorium intybus L.–an important medicinal plant. Journal of

Agricultural Technology. 2(2), 287-298.

Venkatachalam, P., Geetha, N., Jayabalan, N., 1999. Twelve new ground nut (Arachis

hypogaea L) mutated germplasm registered in ICRISAT gene bank. Mutat. Breed.

Newslett. 44, 15-17.

Verger, A., 1978. Variation du taux de cytokinines des t-RNAs de la racine de C intybus

L au cours du traitement par le froid. TheÁse de 3eÁme Cycle, Universite d'OrleÂans.

Page 31: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 128

Vermeulen, A., Vaucheret, H., Pautot, V., Chupeau, Y., 1992. Agrobacterium-

mediated transfer of a mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase gene confers resistance

to chlorsulfuron in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Plant Cell Rep. 11, 243–247.

Vesseur, J., Dubois, J., Hilbert, J.L., Couillerot, J.P. 1995. Somatic embryogenesis in

chichory (Cichorium intybus L.). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology and agricultural

forestry, vol 31, somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seeds II. Springer, Berlin, pp 125–

137.

Vom, E.D., Kijne, J.W., Memelink, J., 2002. Transcription factors controlling plant

secondary metabolism, what regulates the regulators. Phytochemistry. 61, 107–114.

Vulto, A.G., Smet, P.A.G.M., 1988. In:Dukes, M.M.G. (Ed.). Meyler‘s Side Effects of

Drugs, 11th Ed.. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 999–1005.

Vu Duc, Q., Tran D.G., Phan, P., 1988. Mutagenesis and screening method for salt

tolerance in rice by anther culture. Genome. 30 (Suppl.1), 459.

Wagner, G.M., Eneva, T., 1996. Positive effect of cefotaxime on plant regeneration

from Cichorium intybus L. leaf material. Landbauforschung- Volkenrode (FAL).

Germany. 46(4),166-168.

Wakhlu, A. R., Bajwa, P.S., 1986. Regeneration of uniform plants from somatic

embryos of Papaver somniferum (opium poppy). Phytomorphology. 36, 101-105.

Wani, A.A., Anis, M., 2001. Gamma rays induced bold seeded high yielding mutant in

chickpea. Mutat. Breed. Newslett. 45, 20-21.

Wang, C.T., Yang, X.D., Yue, Y.T., Zhang, J.C., Jian, Z.X., Guang, Z.L., Chuan T.

2007. EMS-Induced variations in pod characters of peanut EJEAFChe. 6(10), 2427-2433.

Waugh, R., David, J., Leader., McCallum, N., Caldwell, D., 2006. Harvesting the

potential of induced biological diversity. Trends Plant Sci. 11,71–79.

White, P.R., 1963. The Cultivation of Animal and Plant Cells. 2nd edn.

Wight, W.A., Niekerk, J.V., 1983. Determination of reducing sugars, sucrose and inulin.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 31, 282-285.

Wilcox, J.R., Cavins, J.F., Nielsen, N.C., 1984. Genetic alteration of soybean oil

composition by a chemical mutagen. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61, 97-100.

Page 32: Abu, J.O., Muller, K., Duodu, K.G., Minnar, A., 2005. Gamma …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12397/9/11... · 2015-12-04 · hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium

References

Chapter 7 Page 129

Williams, C.A., Goldstone, F., Greenham, J., 1996. Flavonoids, Cinnamic acids and

coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale.

Phytochemistry. 42,121-127.

Withers, L.A., Anderson, P.G., 1986. Plant Tissue Culture and its Agricultural

Applications. London, Butterworths.

Yasseen, M.M., Splittstoesser, W.E., 1995. Somatic embryogenesis in witloof chicory

through leaf suspension culture. Plant Cell Rep. 14, 804–806.

Yu, T.A., Yeh, S.D., Cheng, Y.H., Yang, J.S. 2000. Efficient rooting for establishment

of papaya plantlets by micropropagation. Plant. Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 61, 29–35.

Zafar, R., Ali, S.M., 1998. Anti-hepatotoxic effect of root and root callus extracts of

Cichorium intybus L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 63, 227-231.

Zaki, M., Dickinson, H., 1995. Modification of cell development in vitro. The effect of

colchicine on anther and isolated microspore culture in Brassica napus. Plant Cell Tiss.

and Organ Cult. 40, 255-270.

Zaka, R., Chenal, C., Misset, M.T., 2004. Effect of low doses of short-term gamma

radiation on growth and development through two generations of Pisum sativum. Science

of the Total Environment, 320, 121-129. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.010.

Zaka, R.C., Chanal., Misset, M.T., 2002. Study of external low irradiation dose effects

on induction of chromosome aberrations in Pisum sativum root tip meristem. Mutation

Research. 517(1), 87-99.