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Abstracts of RemediationCase Studies

Volume 11

FederalRemediationTechnologiesRoundtable

www.frtr.gov

Prepared by the

Member Agencies of theFederal Remediation Technologies Roundtable

Abstracts of RemediationCase Studies

Volume 11

Prepared by Member Agencies of the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable

Environmental Protection AgencyDepartment of Defense

U.S. Air ForceU.S. ArmyU.S. Navy

Department of EnergyDepartment of InteriorNational Aeronautics and Space Administration

August 2007

NOTICE

This report and the individual case studies and abstracts it covers were prepared by agencies of the U.S.Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of its employees, makes anywarranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness ofany information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,manufacturer, or otherwise does not imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Governmentor any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflectthose of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.

Compilation of this material has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyunder EPA Contract No. 68-W-02-034.

i

FOREWORD

This report is a collection of abstracts summarizing 10 new case studies of site remediation applicationsprepared primarily by federal agencies. The case studies, collected under the auspices of the FederalRemediation Technologies Roundtable (Roundtable), were undertaken to document the results andlessons learned from technology applications. They will help establish benchmark data on cost andperformance which should lead to greater confidence in the selection and use of innovative cleanuptechnologies.

The Roundtable was created to exchange information on site remediation technologies, and to considercooperative efforts that could lead to a greater application of innovative technologies. Roundtablemember agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Department ofDefense, and U.S. Department of Energy, expect to complete many site remediation projects in the nearfuture. These agencies recognize the importance of documenting the results of these efforts, and thebenefits to be realized from greater coordination.

The abstracts are organized by technology, and cover a variety of in situ and ex situ treatmenttechnologies and some containment remedies. The abstracts and corresponding case study reports areavailable through the Roundtable Web site, which contains a total of 393 remediation technology casestudies (the 10 new case studies and 383 previously-published case studies). Appendix A to this reportidentifies the specific sites, technologies, contaminants, media, and year published for the 393 casestudies. Appendix A is only available in the online version of this report and can be downloaded fromthe Roundtable Web site at: http://www.frtr.gov.

Abstracts, Volume 11, covers a wide variety of technologies, including full-scale remediations andlarge-scale field demonstrations of soil, groundwater, and acid rock drainage treatment technologies. Previously published versions of the Abstracts Volume are listed below. Additional abstract volumeswill be compiled as agencies prepare additional case studies.

Abstracts

Volume 1: EPA-542-R-95-001; March 1995; PB95-201711

Volume 2: EPA-542-R-97-010; July 1997; PB97-177570

Volume 3: EPA-542-R-98-010; September 1998

Volume 4: EPA-542-R-00-006; June 2000

Volume 5: EPA-542-R-01-008; May 2001

Volume 6: EPA-542-R-02-006; June 2002

Volume 7: EPA 542-R-03-011; July 2003

Volume 8: EPA 542-R-04-012; June 2004

Volume 9: EPA-542-R-05-021; July 2005

Volume 10: EPA-542-R-06-002; August 2006

Volume 11: EPA-542-R-07-004; August 2007

ii

Accessing Case Studies

All of the Roundtable case studies and case study abstracts are available on the Internet through theRoundtable Web site at: http://www.frtr.gov/costperf.htm. This report is also available for downloadingat this address. The Roundtable Web site also provides links to individual agency Web sites, andincludes a search function. The search function allows users to complete a key word (pick list) search ofall the case studies on the Web site, and includes pick lists for media treated, contaminant types, primaryand supplemental technology types, site name, and site location. The search function provides users withbasic information about the case studies, and allows users to view or download abstracts and case studiesthat meet their requirements. Users are encouraged to download abstracts and case studies from theRoundtable Web site.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

IN SITU SOIL TREATMENT ABSTRACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Phytoremediation at Palmerton Zinc Pile Superfund Site, Palmerton, Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Phosphate-induced metal stabilization (PIMS) at Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Texas . . . . . . . . 11

Soil Vapor Extraction and In Situ Chemical Oxidation at Swift Cleaners, Jacksonville, Florida . . 13

IN SITU GROUNDWATER TREATMENT ABSTRACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Permeable Reactive Barrier at East Helena site, East Helena, Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

In Situ Remediation of a TCE-Contaminated Aquifer Using a Short Rotation Woody CropGroundwater Treatment System, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base, Fort Worth, Texas . . . . . 20

Electronically Induced Redox Barriers for Treatment of Groundwater at F.E. Warren Air Force Base,Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Demonstration of Bioaugmentation at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

EX SITU ACID ROCK DRAINAGE TREATMENT ABSTRACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Constructed Wetland at Copper Basin Mining District, Ducktown, Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Compost-free Bioreactor at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California . . . . . . . . . . 31

Lime Treatment at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

APPENDIX A. SUMMARY OF 393 CASE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Tables

1. Summary of Remediation Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. Remediation Case Studies: Summary of Cost Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

iv

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1

INTRODUCTION

Increasing the cost effectiveness of site remediation is a national priority. The selection and use of more

cost-effective remedies requires better access to data on the performance and cost of technologies used in

the field. To make data more widely available, member agencies of the Federal Remediation

Technologies Roundtable (Roundtable) are working jointly to publish case studies of full-scale and

demonstration-scale remediation projects. At this time, the Roundtable is publishing 10 new remediation

technology case studies to the Roundtable Web site (http://www.frtr.gov/costperf.htm). A total of 393

case studies have now been completed, primarily focused on contaminated soil and groundwater cleanup.

The 10 new remediation technology case studies were developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).

They were prepared based on recommended terminology and procedures agreed to by the agencies.

These procedures are summarized in the Guide to Documenting and Managing Cost and Performance

Information for Remediation Projects (EPA 542-B-98-007; October 1998).

By including a recommended reporting format, the Roundtable is working to standardize the reporting of

costs and performance to make data comparable across projects. In addition, the Roundtable is working

to capture information in case study reports that identifies and describes the primary factors that affect

cost and performance of a given technology. Factors that may affect project costs include economies of

scale, contaminant concentration levels in impacted media, required cleanup levels, completion

schedules, and matrix characteristics and operating conditions for the technology.

The case studies and abstracts present available cost and performance information for full-scale

remediation efforts and several large-scale demonstration projects. They are meant to serve as primary

reference sources, and contain information on site background, contaminants and media treated,

technology, cost and performance, and points of contact for the technology application. The case studies

and abstracts contain varying levels of detail based on the availability of data and information for each

application.

The case study abstracts in this volume describe a wide variety of in situ and ex situ treatment

technologies for soil, groundwater, and acid rock drainage. Contaminants treated included halogenated

volatiles and heavy metals.

2

Table 1 provides summary information about the technology used, contaminants and media treated, and

project duration for the 10 technology applications in this volume. This table also provides highlights

about each application. Table 2 summarizes cost data, including information about quantity of media

treated and quantity of contaminant removed. In addition, Table 2 shows a calculated unit cost for some

projects, and identifies key factors potentially affecting technology cost. The column showing the

calculated unit costs for treatment provides a dollar value per quantity of media treated and contaminant

removed, as appropriate. The cost data presented in the table were taken directly from the case studies

and have not been adjusted for inflation to a common year basis. The costs should be assumed to

represent dollar values for the time period that the project was in progress (shown on Table 1 as project

duration).

Appendix A to this report provides a summary of key information for all 393 remediation case studies

published to date by the Roundtable, including information about site name and location, technology,

media, contaminants, and year the project began. The appendix also identifies the year that the case

study was first published by the Roundtable. All projects shown in Appendix A are full-scale unless

otherwise noted. This report can be downloaded from the Roundtable Web site.

3

Tab

le 1

. S

um

mar

y of

Rem

edia

tion

Cas

e S

tud

ies

Sit

e N

ame,

Sta

te (

Tec

hnol

ogy)

Pri

ncip

alC

onta

min

ant

Gro

ups*

Med

ia

(Qua

ntit

y T

reat

ed)

Pro

ject

Dur

atio

nS

umm

ary

Volatiles - Halogenated

Metals

In S

itu

Soi

l Tre

atm

ent

Cam

p S

tanl

ey S

tora

ge A

ctiv

ity,

Tex

as (

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on)

S

oil (

3,00

0 cy

)A

pril

200

2 to

Apr

il 2

003.

In s

itu

stab

iliz

atio

n us

ing

Apa

tite

II

TM

to tr

eat s

oil

cont

amin

ated

wit

h he

avy

met

als

(lea

d).

Pal

erm

ton

Zin

c S

uper

fund

Sit

e,P

enns

ylva

nia

(Phy

tore

med

iati

on)

Soi

l (1,

240

acre

s),

Sed

imen

t (22

0ac

res)

,G

roun

dwat

er (

NP

)

1991

to P

rese

nt -

Ong

oing

Use

of

phyt

orem

edia

tion

to tr

eat s

oil,

sedi

men

t, an

dgr

ound

wat

er c

onta

min

ated

wit

h he

avy

met

als

(cad

miu

m,

lead

, and

zin

c).

Sw

ift C

lean

ers,

Flo

rida

(In

Sit

uC

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on a

nd S

oil V

apor

Ext

ract

ion)

Soi

l (N

P),

Gro

undw

ater

(N

P)

Mar

ch 2

001

to M

ay 2

006

Use

of

in s

itu

chem

ical

oxi

dati

on a

nd s

oil v

apor

ext

ract

ion

to tr

eat s

oil a

nd g

roun

dwat

er c

onta

min

ated

wit

hha

loge

nate

d vo

lati

les.

In S

itu

Gro

un

dw

ater

Tre

atm

ent

Kel

ly A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, T

exas

(Bio

auge

men

tati

on)

G

roun

dwat

er (

NP

)N

ovem

ber

1999

to M

ay20

02U

se o

f in

sit

u bi

orem

edia

tion

to tr

eat g

roun

dwat

erco

ntam

inat

ed w

ith

halo

gena

ted

vola

tile

s.

F.E

. War

ren

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Wyo

min

g (P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

)

Gro

undw

ater

(N

P)

Aug

ust 2

002

to A

ugus

t20

04U

se o

f a

perm

eabl

e re

acti

ve b

arri

er t

o tr

eat g

roun

dwat

erco

ntam

inat

ed w

ith

halo

gena

ted

vola

tile

s.

Nav

al A

ir J

oint

Res

erve

Bas

e, T

exas

(Phy

tore

med

iait

on)

G

roun

dwat

er (

NP

)A

ugus

t 199

6 to

Sep

tem

ber

2998

Use

of

phyt

orem

edia

tion

to tr

eat g

roun

dwat

er c

onta

min

ated

wit

h ha

loge

nate

d vo

lati

les.

Eas

t Hel

ena,

Mon

tana

(P

erm

eabl

eR

eact

ive

Bar

rier

)

Gro

undw

ater

(45

0fe

et b

y 2,

100

feet

)S

prin

g 20

05 to

Pre

sent

-O

ngoi

ngU

se o

f a

perm

eabl

e re

acti

ve b

arri

er to

trea

t gro

undw

ater

cont

amin

ated

wit

h he

avy

met

als

(ars

enic

).

Sit

e N

ame,

Sta

te (

Tec

hnol

ogy)

Pri

ncip

alC

onta

min

ant

Gro

ups*

Med

ia

(Qua

ntit

y T

reat

ed)

Pro

ject

Dur

atio

nS

umm

ary

Volatiles - Halogenated

Metals

4

Ex

Sit

u A

cid

Roc

k/M

ine

Dra

inag

e T

reat

men

t

Lev

iath

an M

ine,

Cal

ifor

nia

(Act

ive

lim

e tr

eatm

ent,

sem

i-pa

ssiv

e al

kali

nela

goon

trea

tmen

t)

AR

D (

12.3

mil

lion

L),

A

RD

/AM

D (

17.4

mil

lion

L),

A

MD

(28

.3 m

illi

onL

)

Act

ive

lim

e tr

eatm

ent:

1999

to P

rese

nt -

Ong

oing

,S

emi-

acti

ve la

goon

trea

tmen

t: 2

001

to P

rese

nt -

Ong

oing

.

SIT

E d

emon

stra

tion

: Jun

e20

02 to

Oct

ober

200

3.

Use

of

chem

ical

pre

cipi

tati

on to

trea

t aci

d ro

ck/m

ine

drai

nage

con

tam

inat

ed w

ith

heav

y m

etal

s.

Lev

iath

an M

ine,

Cal

ifor

nia

(Ex

Sit

uB

iore

med

iati

on)

AR

D (

31.3

4 m

illi

onL

)S

prin

g 20

03 to

Pre

sent

-O

ngoi

ng.

SIT

E d

emon

stra

tion

:N

ovem

ber

2003

to J

uly

2005

.

Use

of

ex s

itu

bior

emed

iati

on to

trea

t aci

d ro

ck d

rain

age

cont

amin

ated

wit

h he

avy

met

als.

Cop

per

Bas

in M

inin

g D

istr

ict,

Ten

ness

ee (

cons

truc

ted

wet

land

)

Sur

face

wat

er/A

RD

(241

gpm

)19

98 to

pre

sent

- O

ngoi

ngU

se o

f a

cons

truc

ted

wet

land

to tr

eat s

urfa

ce w

ater

and

aci

dro

ck d

rain

age

cont

amin

ated

wit

h he

avy

met

als.

* C

onta

min

ant g

roup

foc

used

on

for

the

tech

nolo

gy c

over

ed in

the

case

stu

dy.

Key

:N

P=

N

ot P

rovi

ded

AR

D=

A

cid

Roc

k D

rain

age

L=

L

iter

sA

MD

=

Aci

d M

ine

Dra

inag

e

cy=

cu

bic

yard

sgp

m=

ga

llons

per

min

ute

SIT

E=

U

.S. E

PA

Sup

erfu

nd I

nnov

ativ

e T

echn

olog

y E

valu

atio

n P

rogr

am

5

Tab

le 2

. R

emed

iati

on C

ase

Stu

die

s: S

um

mar

y of

Cos

t D

ata

Sit

e N

ame,

Sta

te (

Tec

hnol

ogy)

Tec

hnol

ogy

Cos

t ($

)1,2

Qua

ntit

y of

Med

ia T

reat

ed

Qua

ntit

y of

Con

tam

inan

tR

emov

ed

Cal

cula

ted

Uni

tC

ost

for

Tre

atm

ent1,

2K

ey F

acto

rsP

oten

tial

ly A

ffec

ting

Tec

hnol

ogy

Cos

ts

In S

itu

Soi

l Tre

atm

ent

Cam

p S

tanl

ey S

tora

ge A

ctiv

ity,

Tex

as(S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

)

D -

$63

,775

Soi

l: 3

,000

cy

NP

$22

per

cy o

f S

oil

The

key

fac

tor

that

aff

ects

this

tech

nolo

gy is

the

mat

eria

l and

shi

ppin

gco

sts

for

Apa

tite

II.

Pal

erm

ton

Zin

c S

uper

fund

Sit

e,P

enns

ylva

nia

(Phy

tore

med

iati

on)

T -

$9

mil

lion

(In

itia

l 850

acre

s)S

oil:

124

0 ac

res

Sed

imen

t: 2

20ac

res

Gro

undw

ater

:N

P

NP

10,6

00 p

er a

cre

(Bas

ed o

n in

itia

l85

0 ac

res)

Cos

ts m

ay b

e af

fect

ed b

y th

e ty

pe o

fm

ater

ials

use

d in

the

bios

olid

s. A

fter

the

init

ial 8

50 a

cres

of

Blu

e M

ount

ain

wer

etr

eate

d se

wag

e sl

udge

in th

e bi

osol

ids

was

rep

lace

d w

ith

mus

hroo

m/l

eaf-

litt

erco

mpo

st.

Sw

ift C

lean

ers,

Flo

rida

(In

Sit

uC

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on a

nd S

oil

Vap

or E

xtra

ctio

n)

DI

- $

428,

000

AO

- $

30,0

00 (

Soi

l)

$30

,000

(G

roun

dwat

er)

NP

NP

NP

NP

In S

itu

Gro

undw

ater

Tre

atm

ent

Kel

ly A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, T

exas

(Bio

augm

enta

tion

)T

- $

255,

936

C -

$67

,727

AO

- $

188,

209

40,0

00 g

allo

nsN

P$6

.4 p

er g

allo

nT

he s

ingl

e bi

gges

t fac

tor

that

wou

ldaf

fect

the

cost

of

the

tech

nolo

gy is

the

dept

h to

con

tam

inat

ion.

Cos

ts a

ssoc

iate

dw

ith

dril

ling

, dis

posa

l, an

d la

bor

wou

ldbe

aff

ecte

d by

the

dept

h to

cont

amin

atio

n.

F.E

. War

ren

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Wyo

min

g (P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

)

C -

$74

,863

T-

$77,

565

Gro

undw

ater

:63

,000

gal

lons

NP

$419

.63

per

ft2

The

num

ber

of e

lect

rode

s us

ed to

for

mth

e el

ectr

ical

ly in

duce

d re

dox

barr

ier

wil

lpo

tent

iall

y af

fect

the

cost

s

Nav

al A

ir J

oint

Res

erve

Bas

e,T

exas

(P

hyto

rem

edia

iton

)D

- $

641,

467

NP

NP

NP

The

maj

or c

ost d

rive

rs f

or th

iste

chno

logy

are

the

amou

nt o

fm

onit

orin

g re

quir

ed to

ade

quat

ely

eval

uate

the

proc

ess

over

the

life

of

the

proj

ect a

nd th

e la

bor

requ

ired

to p

repa

rean

d m

aint

ain

the

tree

pla

ntat

ions

and

toco

nduc

t sam

plin

g op

erat

ions

.

Eas

t Hel

ena,

Mon

tana

(Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er)

D -

$32

5,00

0G

roun

dwat

erpl

ume:

450

ft

wid

e by

2,1

00 f

tlo

ng

NP

NP

The

nat

ure

of th

e si

te’s

hyd

roge

olog

yco

uld

dete

rmin

e w

heth

er o

r no

t the

PR

Bco

uld

be im

plem

ente

d at

the

site

.

Tab

le 2

. R

emed

iati

on C

ase

Stu

die

s: S

um

mar

y of

Cos

t D

ata

Sit

e N

ame,

Sta

te (

Tec

hnol

ogy)

Tec

hnol

ogy

Cos

t ($

)1,2

Qua

ntit

y of

Med

ia T

reat

ed

Qua

ntit

y of

Con

tam

inan

tR

emov

ed

Cal

cula

ted

Uni

tC

ost

for

Tre

atm

ent1,

2K

ey F

acto

rsP

oten

tial

ly A

ffec

ting

Tec

hnol

ogy

Cos

ts

6

Ex

Sit

u A

cid

Roc

k D

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IN SITU SOIL TREATMENT ABSTRACTS

8


9

Phytoremediation at Palmerton Zinc Pile Superfund Site, Palmerton, Pennsylvania

Site Name:Palmerton Zinc Pile Superfund Site

Location:Palmerton, Pennsylvania

Period of Operation:1991 - Ongoing

Cleanup Authority: CERCLA

Purpose/Significance of Application:The site is being revegetated to:-Stop or significantly reduce wind erosion, which will prevent the spread ofheavy metal contamination through air-borne particulates-Stop or significantly reduce surface water erosion, thus preventing the spread ofheavy metal contamination into surface waters at the site-Increase evapotranspiration by establishing a permanent vegetative cover overthe site, which will prevent water from leaching through the contaminated soiland limit the migration of heavy metal contamination to groundwater

Cleanup Type: Full Scale

Contaminants:Blue MountainSurface soil - Heavy Metals: Cadmium (Cd) (364 to 1,300 parts per million[ppm]), Lead (Pb) (1,200 to 6,475 ppm), Zinc (Zn) (13,000 to 35,000 ppm)

Cinder BankSediment - Heavy Metals: Cd (250 ppm), Pb (3,600 ppm), Zn (27,000 ppm)

Stone RidgeGroundwater - Heavy Metals: Cd (1 to 1,670 ppm), Pb (1 to 1,630 ppm), Zn (40to 2,122,000 ppm)

Waste Source:Zinc smelting operations

Contacts:Remedial Project ManagerCharlie RootU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencyRegion IIIPhone: 215-814-3193E-mail: [email protected]

Technology:Phytoremediation-850 acres of Blue Mountain and 220 acres of cinder bank were revegated usingseed mixtures and Ecoloam (a mixture of municipal sewage sludge, power plant flyand/or bottom ash, and agricultural limestone).-At Blue Mountain, Ecoloam application rates were adjusted as necessary to provideup to 2,000 pounds/acre of organic nitrogen.-At the cinder bank, Ecoloam was applied at a rate of 60 dry tons per acre.-An additional 350 acres of Blue Mountain and 40 acres of Stoney Ridge wererevegetated using seed mixtures, mushroom/leaf-litter compost, lime, and fertilizer.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:As of mid-2006, almost 1,200 acres of the Blue Mountain area, 220 acres of the cinder bank, and 40 acres of Stoney Ridgehave been revegetated.

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals: Not Provided

Results:After 10 years, the initial 850 acres of revegetated land on Blue Mountain has retained more than 70 percent of itsvegetative cover.

Costs:The estimated cost for revegetating the initial 850 acres of Blue Mountain was $9 million. This cost included the cost ofrevegetation and the construction of more than 60 miles of switchback roads for use by the application trucks.

Phytoremediation at Palmerton Zinc Pile Superfund Site, Palmerton, Pennsylvania (continued)

10

Description:The Palmerton Zinc Pile Superfund Site is located in Palmerton, Pennsylvania. The Site operated as a zinc smelter from1898 till 1980. Smelting operations resulted in heavy metal contamination of the Site and caused defoliation of more than2,000 acres of land in the vicinity of Blue Mountain. Additionally, process residue and other wastes were deposited alonga cinder bank at the base of the Blue Mountain.

After several years of pilot testing, a full scale phytoremediation project was implemented to revegetate the Blue Mountainarea. Initially, 850 acres of land on Blue Mountain were revegetated using seed mixtures and a biosolid consisting of lime,potash, sewer sludge, and fly ash. This operation lasted from 1991 to 1995 and cost $9 million. Additionally, 220 acres ofthe cinder bank were revegetated using this same procedure.

After the initial application on Blue Mountain and the cinder bank, sewage sludge in the biosolid material was replacedwith mushroom and leaf-litter due to the public’s negative perception of sewage sludge. In 2005, this new mixture wasapplied to 40 acres of Stoney Ridge and to an additional 350 acres of Blue Mountain.

Studies conducted 10 years after the start of the project, have shown that the initial 850 acres of treated land on BlueMountain have retained more than 70 percent of their vegetative cover.

11

Phosphate-induced metal stabilization (PIMS) at Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Texas

Site Name:Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA)

Location:Texas

Period of Operation: April 2002 to April 2003 Cleanup Authority: Demonstrationconducted under the Department of Defense(DoD) Environmental Security TechnologyCertification Program (ESTCP).

Purpose/Significance of Application: The purpose of the full scaleapplication was to determine suitable emplacement methodologies for thetreatment of Pb-contaminated soils using PIMS™ and to determine actualfield implementation costs.


Contaminants: Lead Waste Source: Pb-containing bullets usedat the firing range

Contacts:Dr. Judith Wright UFA Ventures, Inc.403 West Riverside Dr.Carlsbad, NM 88220Telephone: 505-628-0916Fax: 505-628-0915E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. James Conca Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring & ResearchCenterCarlsbad, NM 88220Telephone: 505-234-5555Fax: 505-887-3051E-mail: [email protected]

Brian Murphy CSSA1408 Moore Place, SWLeesburg, VA 20175Telephone: 571-331-5374 E-mail: [email protected]

Ken Rice Parsons Inc.8000 Centre Park, Suite 200Austin, TX 78754Telephone: 512-719-6050Fax: 512-719-6099E-mail: [email protected]

Technology:Phosphate-induced metal stabilization (PIMS™) using Apatite II™-Apatite II™ uses a natural, benign material derived from processingfishbone waste products to treat soil contaminated with heavymetals. -In August 2002, a full scale application was conducted by treating3,000 cubic yards of lead (Pb)-contaminated firing range soil atSolid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) B-20 at the CSSA. ApatiteII™ binds Pb into Pb-pyromorphite, an insoluble phase that is stable. Pb-pyromorphite has an extremely low solubility and will remaininsoluble under most environmental conditions.-Approximately 3% by weight of Apatite IITM material was mixedwith Pb-contaminated soil at a rate of about 500 yd3 per day. -Soil, groundwater and leachate samples were collected for chemicalanalysis.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated: Soil (3,000 cubic yards)

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals: Three cleanup goals were established for the site-Cleanup goal for leachate from amended soils - Maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Pb in drinking water (0.015milligrams per liter [mg/L]) -The State of Texas class 2 nonhazardous waste classification criterion for Pb (1.5 mg/L for soil) in leachate using theToxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)-Reduce the bioavailability or bioaccessibility of the Pb in the soil

Phosphate-induced metal stabilization (PIMS) at Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Texas(continued)

12

Results: The untreated soil contained an average total Pb concentration of 1,942 mg/kg and did not meet State of Texasclass 2 nonhazardous waste classification criterion of 1.5 mg/L Pb in leachate. After treatment with PIMS™, the treatedsoils met the TCLP criterion with an average TCLP Pb concentration of 0.46 mg/L. Analytical results of the field leachatefrom the site after treatment indicted an average of 0.0065 mg/L Pb concentration, well below the 0.0150 mg/L EPAstandard for Pb in drinking water. Bioaccessibility data showed that treatment reduced the bioavailability of lead. A U.S.patent (#6,217,775) was awarded for PIMS™ using Apatite II™ during the course of this application.

Costs: The total costs for this demonstration was $63,775 which includes $8,100 in start-up costs and $55,675 inoperational costs.

Description: Lead-contaminated soils at Department of Defense (DoD) range sites are widespread. These soils pose oneof the costliest environmental issues facing the DoD. CSSA was chosen as the test site because it is representative of manyother DoD sites, both in contaminant type and field characteristics.

The PIMS™ technology is an in situ stabilization or sequestration technology that uses a natural, benign material, ApatiteII™. During treatment, Apatite II™ is mixed into the contaminated soil using nonspecialized equipment such as afront-end loader and a maintainer. The Apatite II™ causes the Pb to form Pb-pyromorphite, which immobilizes the Pbwithout changing the basic nature of the soil. This technology allows the soil to be reused or disposed as a nonhazardousmaterial.

13

Soil Vapor Extraction and In Situ Chemical Oxidation at Swift Cleaners, Jacksonville, Florida

Site Name: Swift Cleaners Location: Jacksonville, Florida

Period of Operation:Soil Vapor ExtractionMarch 6 to May 9, 2001 – SVE system installed and beginning of system operationApril 2002 to Present – SVE system operations and maintenance (O&M) In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)May 21 to June 21, 2001 – Two injection events conducted. April 2002 – Third injection event conducted.

August 2001 to November February 2003 – Conducted quarterly groundwater sampling September 2004, and May 2006 – Conducted annual groundwater monitoring

Cleanup Authority: Bureau of Waste Cleanup(as part of FDEP’s DryCleaning Solvent CleanupProgram)

Purpose/Significance of Application: Full-scale remediation of PCE in soil andgroundwater.

Cleanup Type: Full-scale

Contaminants:Volatiles-halogenated: 1,1-dichloroethene (DCE); cis-1,2-DCE; tetrachloroethene (PCE)DNAPL; trans-1,2-DCE; trichloroethene (TCE); vinyl chloride (VC).

Waste Source:Inappropriately discardedspent filters containingPCE at the drycleaningfacility

Technology:

SVE- The SVE system consists of five 12-ft vapor extraction wells (VEW). - The design radius of influence is 15 ft with a design flow rate of 27 cubic feet per minute (cfm). - Additional VEWs are being considered for the SVE system.

ISCO- In June 1999, a pilot test was conducted in the source area located at the upgradient edge of the groundwater

plume at the site. The test area covered approximately 2,500 square feet (ft2) and consisted of three injections ofFenton’s chemistry-based Oxy-Cat™.

- The full-scale operation for groundwater and dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) remediation usingFenton’s chemistry-based Oxy-Cat™ began in April 2001. According to the Remedial Action Plan (RAP) for thissite, the full-scale remediation will include five phases (I to V).

- Baseline groundwater samples were collected from selected monitoring and injection wells prior to the firstinjection event.

- Phase I, which began in April 2001, focused on two areas – Area IA and Area IB. Area IA was the same as the2,500 ft2 pilot test area which contained a large portion of the contaminant mass. Seven new injection wells wereinstalled in this area at depths ranging from 35 to 45 ft. Area IB was downgradient of area IA and covered 2,000ft2. Thirteen new injection wells were installed in this area.

- Based on the results of groundwater samples taken after the first two full-scale injection events in areas IA and IB,a third injection was conducted in April 2002 in 11 select injection wells from areas IA and IB.

- At the end of Phase I, it was determined that implementation of Phases II to V would be less cost effective. As ofMarch 2007, FDEP planned to assess soil and evaluate various options to treat the downgradient PCE plume. Treatment options include enhanced biodegradation with reductive dechlorination, thermal treatment, andexcavation of the contaminated soil in the source area.

Soil Vapor Extraction and In Situ Chemical Oxidation at Swift Cleaners, Jacksonville, Florida(continued)

14

Contacts:

Deinna NicholsonContract ManagerFlorida Department of Environmental Protection2600 Blair Stone Road, MS4520Tallahassee, FL 32399Telephone: 850-245-8932E-mail: [email protected]

Kelly BaltzGolder Associates, Inc.9428 Baymeadows Road, Suite 400Jacksonville, FL 32256Telephone: 904-363-3430E-mail: [email protected]

Type/Quantity of Media Treated: Soil; Groundwater (quantity not documented)

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:Soil cleanup target levels for the site were based on leachability tests while the groundwater cleanup levels were based onthe primary standards (maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)). The goal was to use active remediation activities such aschemical oxidation to reduce the contaminant levels to the Natural Attenuation Default Source Concentrations (NADSC)and use monitored natural attenuation (MNA) to lower concentrations below NADSCs to the primary standards.

Results:

SVE- Quarterly monitoring of the SVE system indicated that the system continued to remove PCE from the soil target

area. - As of August 2006, the SVE system was operational and removing approximately one to four lbs per month and

has removed a total of 140.7 lbs. - Additional VEWs were being considered for the SVE system.

ISCO- Results of the pilot test indicated that Fenton’s chemistry was capable of remediating both the dissolved phase and

adsorbed phase PCE at the site. However, the intermediate and deep areas with higher concentrations of PCEwould require greater volume of the Fenton’s reagent to reduce PCE levels to the groundwater cleanup goals.

- Samples collected from the source area in September 2001 after the first and second injections for Areas IA andIB showed that PCE concentrations were reduced to below 200 :g/L in most monitoring wells. However,monitoring results from November 2001 revealed that concentrations of PCE in several wells in the source areahad increased to levels at, or above, baseline concentrations.

- A third injection was conducted in March 2002 at 11 selected wells in Areas IA and IB to address the areas wherecontaminant rebound was identified.

- Groundwater monitoring results from 2004 indicated that elevated concentrations of PCE are still present atcertain locations on the site in the shallow, intermediate and deep zones of the aquifer.

- Groundwater sampling results from May 2006 indicated that PCE and TCE concentrations had decreased in allthree surficial aquifers. The concentrations of cis-1,2-DCE, trans-1,2,DCE, and VC continued to be detected atlow concentrations, indicating that the contaminants are not effectively degrading beyond TCE.

Soil Vapor Extraction and In Situ Chemical Oxidation at Swift Cleaners, Jacksonville, Florida(continued)

15

Costs:

Cost for site characterization totaled $164,000. Cost for design and implementation totaled $428,000, which included$110,000 for the ISCO pilot test, $118,000 for SVE construction, and $200,000 for 3 ISCO injection events. Theoperation and maintenance (O&M) costs for soil and groundwater were $30,000 per year.

Description:Swift Cleaners in Jacksonville, Florida, is an active dry cleaning facility that has been in operation since 1971 andprimarily uses PCE as a dry cleaning solvent. Three source areas of contamination were identified at the site, including 1)the area outside the service door of the facility where the spent filters were stored, 2) the soils beneath the building floorslab near the dry cleaning machine, and 3) a former sanitary sewer line leak. The main waste source at the site was foundto be inappropriately discarded spent filters containing PCE and an assessment was conducted in 1997 to determine theextent of contamination. Maximum PCE concentration in the source area was approximately 40 milligrams per kilogram(mg/kg), with the highest concentration being near the surface at approximately 1 foot below ground surface (bgs). Thegroundwater PCE plume appeared to have migrated vertically and laterally westward to a maximum depth ofapproximately 60 ft in the area downgradient from the source. The highest PCE concentration in groundwater was foundto be 10,000 :g/L, at a depth of 40 to 45 ft bgs. This indicated the presence of PCE as DNAPL, with the source zonelocated behind the Swift Cleaners building. The down gradient edge of the plume could not be determined due to offsiteaccess issues.

The remedial action plan developed for the site included ISCO using Fenton’s chemistry-based Oxy-Cat™ to treatgroundwater and DNAPL contamination and SVE to treat the contaminated soil. A pilot test was conducted in 1999 todetermine the viability of chemical oxidation at the site and based on the results, a multiphase approach was developed forthe full-scale application. At the time of writing this report, full scale application of the remedial action was still beingconducted at the site and approximately 22,500 cubic feet (ft3) of soil and 37,500 ft3 of groundwater had been treated.

16


17

IN SITU GROUNDWATER TREATMENT ABSTRACTS

18

Permeable Reactive Barrier at East Helena site, East Helena, Montana

Site Name:East Helena

Location:East Helena, Montana

Period of Operation:Spring 2005 to Ongoing

Cleanup Authority: CERCLA

Purpose/Significance of Application:To remediate arsenic contaminated groundwater.

Cleanup Type: Field Demonstration

Contaminants:Groundwater:-Heavy Metals; Arsenic (As) (20 milligrams per Liter [mg/L])

Waste Source:Process ponds contaminated due tolead smelting operations.

Contacts:

Remedial Project Manager:Linda JacobsonU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region VIIIPhone: (303) 312-6503Email: [email protected]

Project Manager:Rick WilkinU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencyNational Risk Management ResearchLaboratoryOffice of Research and DevelopmentPhone: (580) 436-8874Email: [email protected]

Technology:Zero-Valent Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier-The permeable reactive barrier (PRB) consists of a trench 30 feet long, 46 feetdeep and 6 feet wide, with 175 tons of zero-valent iron (ZVI) placed in thetrench.-The ZVI PRB system was installed 600 feet downgradient of the source area,perpendicular to the flow of contaminated groundwater.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:The ZVI PRB system is treating an arsenic contaminated groundwater plume that is 450 feet wide and extends 2,100 feetdowngradient from the process ponds.

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:The maximum contaminant level (MCL) for arsenic is 0.010 mg/L.

Results:Initial, post-installation monitoring evaluations indicated that arsenic concentrations in the groundwater had been reducedfrom 20 mg/L (highest concentration) to below 0.010 mg/L. Due to the limited evaluation of the system it has not beendetermined if the treatment has been successful. A two year evaluation to determine if the system should be implementedat a full scale will be completed in 2007.

Costs:The ZVI PRB system cost approximately $325,000 to construct. There are no additional operation and maintenance costsassociated with this system.

Permeable Reactive Barrier at East Helena site, East Helena, Montana (continued)

19

Description:The East Helena site is located in East Helena, Montana. The site was added to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. The site was a lead smelting facility that operated from the late 1880s to 2001. Smelting operations over a period of ahundred years have lead to heavy metal contamination of soil, surface water, and groundwater at the site.

Groundwater at the site had become contaminated with arsenic due to leaching from the contaminated process pondslocated over the shallow groundwater. The arsenic plume is approximately 450 feet wide and extended 2,100 feetdowngradient from the process ponds. The ZVI PRB was installed as a pilot project in spring of 2005.

The ZVI PRB includes a 30 foot long trench that is 46 feet deep and 6 feet wide. The trench is filled with 175 tons of ZVIand coarse sand. The system was constructed approximately 600 feet downgradient from the process ponds, perpendicularto the flow of the arsenic contaminated groundwater plume.

The construction of the system cost approximately $325,000. There are no operation and maintenance costs associatedwith this system.

The first round of post-implementation groundwater data was collected in June 2005. Based on this data, arsenicconcentrations in treated groundwater had been reduced from 20 mg/L to below 0.010 mg/L. The system is currently inthe process of a two year evaluation to determine if the system should be implemented in full scale.

20

In Situ Remediation of a TCE-Contaminated Aquifer Using a Short Rotation Woody CropGroundwater Treatment System, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base, Fort Worth, Texas

Site Name:Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base (NAS-JRB)

Location:Fort Worth, Texas

Period of Operation:August 1996 to September 1998

Cleanup Authority:Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) EnvironmentalSecurity Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)

Purpose/Significance of Application:To evaluate the capability of Eastern cottonwood trees (Populusdeltoides) to intercept and treat groundwater contaminated withTCE and c-DCE.

Cleanup Type:Field Demonstration

Contaminants:Halogenated – volatiles; Tetrachloroethene (PCE);Trichloroethylene (TCE); Cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE);trans-1,2-DCE; methylene chloride; vinyl chloride; toluene

Waste Source:Historically, manufacturing processes at Plant 4 ofthe NAS-JRB generated an estimated 5,500 to 6,000tons of waste per year, including: waste solvents,oils, fuels, paint residues, and miscellaneous spentchemicals. TCE is believed to have leaked fromdegreasing tanks in the assembly building at Plant 4and entered the underlying alluvial aquifer.

Contacts:Mr. Gregory HarveyASC/ENVRBuilding 8, Suite 21801 10th Street, Area BWright Patterson AFB, OH 45433Telephone: 937-255-3276Fax: 937-255-4155E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Jeff MarquseeESTCP Program Office901 North Stuart Street, Suite 303Arlington, VA 22203Telephone: 703-696-2117Fax: 703-696-2114E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Sandra M. EbertsUnited States Geological Survey6480 Doubletree AvenueColumbus, OH 43229Telephone: 614-430-7740Fax: 614-430-7777E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Steven Rock EPA NRMRL26 West Martin Luther King DriveCincinnati, OH 45268Telephone: 513-569-7149Fax: 513-569-7879E-mail: [email protected]

Technology:Phytoremediation-The primary objective of the demonstration was to study the mechanism ofphytocontainment. Phytocontainment is achieved via transpiration (theevaporative loss of water from a plant). Eastern cottonwood trees were chosenas the preferred vegetation for this demonstration. They are classified as a shortrotation woody crop (SRWC) because they are fast-growing and are easy toregenerate.-The SRWC groundwater treatment (SRWCGT) system consisted of two 15 x75 square meter (m2) plantations, one planted with seven rows of whips or1-year old stem cuttings (438 total) and the other planted with seven rows ofcaliper trees or 1-year old seedlings (224 total). A total of 662 trees wereplanted at the site. The two sizes of trees were selected for planting so thatdifferences in rate of growth, contaminant reductions, and cost based onplanting strategy could be compared.-Both plantations were oriented generally perpendicular to groundwater flowdirection and spanned the most concentrated portion of the underlyingTCE-groundwater plume. -Contrary to many conventional treatment processes, a SRWCGT system doesnot require the addition of any chemical or biological enhancements.

In Situ Remediation of a TCE-Contaminated Aquifer Using a Short Rotation Woody CropGroundwater Treatment System (continued)

21

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:Groundwater (quantity not specified)

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:The cleanup goals for the contaminants of concern were the maximum contaminant levels (MCL), in ug/L: TCE – 5;c-DCE – 70; t-DCE – 100; methylene chloride – 5; vinyl chloride – 5; toluene – 1,000.

The primary objective of the SRWCGT system focused on localized hydraulic containment and the goals were to:-Achieve a 30% reduction in the mass of TCE in the aquifer that is transported across the downgradient end of the siteduring the second growing season, relative to baseline TCE mass flux calculations.-Achieve a 50% reduction in mass of TCE in the aquifer that is transported across the downgradient end of the site duringthe third growing season, relative to baseline TCE mass flux calculations.

Results:The SRWCGT system did not achieve the mass flux reductions goal of 30% and 50% for the second and third growingseasons, respectively. For the second growing season, the TCE mass flux was up 8% during peak season, as compared tobaseline conditions. The planted trees reduced the outward flux of groundwater by 5% during the peak of the secondseason, but TCE concentrations in a row of wells immediately downgradient of the trees were higher, resulting in theincrease in TCE mass flux. For the third growing season, the TCE mass flux was down 11% at peak season and down 8%near season’s end, as compared to baseline conditions. Concentrations of TCE during the third season in the row ofdowngradient wells were similar to concentrations at baseline, and the reduction in TCE mass flux is primarily attributed toa reduction in the volumetric flux of groundwater out of the site. The primary objective was not met because the trees didnot reach their full transpiration potential during the time period of the demonstration study, but greater hydraulic controlat the site is anticipated in the future.

The data show a general decrease in TCE concentrations throughout the demonstration site over the course of the study.However, since a decrease in TCE concentration was observed in the upgradient monitoring wells as well as in the wellswithin the plantations, this trend does not appear to be predominantly related to the establishment of the whip and calipertree plantations. Secondly, downgradient monitoring wells did not exhibit a significant decrease in TCE concentrations.The change in TCE concentrations within the study area over time may be attributed to dilution from recharge to theaquifer and volatilization of TCE from the water table.

Costs:Total estimated demonstration costs were $641,467, which included $426,427 in actual labor costs, $172,740 in otherdirect costs and $42,300 in laboratory costs.

Description:The site chosen for the demonstration was a DoD site with a large unattenuated contaminant plume due to the lack ofadequate amounts of native and/or anthropogenic carbon and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. The site was selected todemonstrate the SRWCGT system because of its geographical location, type of contamination, and depth of contamination. The site specifically exhibited the following characteristics:-Type-3 conditions (i.e., DO levels >1 mg/L and a lack of carbon sources that prevented reductive dechlorination ofchlorinated compounds).-The groundwater at the site is shallow and thus accessible to trees soon after planting.-An ample area, clear of obstructions, was available for plantations (i.e., the technology is well suited for use at very largefield sites where other methods of remediation are not cost effective or practical).-The site allowed for long-term, field-scale monitoring and evaluation.-Previously installed wells were available to monitor the treatment system (water levels in wells provide a direct means forassessing groundwater uptake by the trees).

The site selected for the demonstration was an approximate 70-m-wide portion of a TCE plume on the north side of thesite. Specifically, the study was undertaken to determine the potential for a SRWC to decrease TCE flux. Although TCEwas the focus of the demonstration, other chlorinated organic compounds detected in the groundwater or plant tissueincluded, but were not limited to, cDCE, tDCE, PCE, methylene chloride, toluene, and VC.

22

Electronically Induced Redox Barriers for Treatment of Groundwater at F.E. Warren Air ForceBase, Wyoming

Site Name:F.E. Warren Air Force Base

Location:Wyoming

Period of Operation:August 2002 to August 2004

Cleanup Authority:Demonstration conducted under the Department ofDefense (DoD) Environmental SecurityTechnology Certification Program (ESTCP).

Purpose/Significance of Application:The purpose of the demonstration was to demonstrate/validate apotential new efficient and cost-effective technology for managingcontaminated groundwater at the Department of Defense (DoD)facilities.

Cleanup Type: Field Demonstration

Contaminants:Trichloroethene (TCE), approximately 300 mg/L

Waste Source:Historical missile maintenance and disposalactivities.

Contacts:Andrea LeesonESTCP Program Manager 901 North Stuart Street, Suite 303Arlington, VA 22203Telephone: 703-696-2118 Fax: 703-696-2114E-mail: [email protected]

Don Ficklin HQ AFCEE/ERT 3207 Sidney Brooks RoadBrooks AFB, TX 78235-5344Telephone: 210-536-5290Fax: 210-536-9026

Rob Stites EPA – Region 8 (EPR-F)999 18th St., Suite 300Denver, CO 80202Telephone: 303-312-6658E-mail: [email protected]

Jane Cramer Wyoming Department of EnvironmentalQualityWDEQ PG122 West 25th St. 4-WCheyenne, WY 82002Telephone: 307-777-7092E-mail: [email protected]

Technology:Electrically Induced Redox Barrier (e-Barrier)-An e-barrier consists of a panel of closely spaced permeable electrodesinstalled in a trench that intercepts a plume of contaminated groundwater. -Application of an electrical potential to the electrodes creates oxidizingconditions at the positive electrodes and reducing conditions at the negativeelectrodes. This drives sequential oxidation and/or reduction of contaminantswith the net benefit of reducing contaminant flux. -The e-barrier constructed for this field demonstration consisted of 17individual electrode panels each 0.3 x 2 square meters (m2) in area. Concentric interlocks linked the individual panels. The overall as-builtdimension of the e-barrier is 9.2 x 1.9 m2. The effective cross-sectional areawas 17 m2. -Each panel contained three Ti-mmo electrodes, four layers of GeotextileTM,and six layers of Triplanar GeonetTM. -Panels were framed in slotted 3-in inner diameter (ID) PVC pipe. -Each e-barrier module includes a discrete electrical connection, gas vents,and washout tubing that are conveyed to the surface via 3-in PVC riser pipes. -The assembled e-barrier was installed in two sections.-Washed granular backfill from the Crow Creek alluvium was placed aroundthe e-barrier to an elevation of approximately 1 foot (ft) above the barrier. -Following installation at the site, the e-barrier was allowed to equilibratewith the contaminant in the plume for 5 months. Power was applied to thee-barrier in January 2003. Power was supplied by a 30V DC 200 ampsingle-phase rectifier. The rectifier was connected to a 110V AC 60 ampelectrical service.-As of August 2004, the e-barrier had been operating continuously forapproximately 19 months.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:Groundwater: .63,000 gallons

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:Trichloroethene - 5 ug/L; cis-1,2-DCE - 70 ug/L.

Electronically Induced Redox Barriers for Treatment of Groundwater at F.E. Warren Air ForceBase, Wyoming (continued)

23

Results:The primary effect of the e-barrier was to shift thermodynamic conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes, resulting in anoverall effect of oxidation followed by reduction. This facilitated oxidation and/or reduction of the TCE. The groundwaterbecame more acidic (approximately 1 pH unit) close to the e-barrier. On day 290, the highest potential was applied. Samples of groundwater collected at this time showed a 95% reduction in TCE concentration between 0.5 meters up- anddowngradient face of the e-barrier. This achieved the cleanup goal of 5ug/L.

In general, no adverse reaction intermediates were observed. An exception was the apparent formation of chloroform at thecenter of the e-barrier. Plausible explanations for chloroform formation include highly toxic conditions developed at thee-barrier and/or unanticipated reactions with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe cement. Operation of the e-barrier had noapparent impact on the mobility of inorganic constituents in groundwater.

Costs:The total costs associated with the demonstration included capital expenditure (96.5% of total) and operation andmaintenance (O&M) (3.5% of total). The capital costs consisted of e-barrier installation (29.7%), electrode materials(15.5%), and labor for panel fabrication (9%). Total observed capital and O&M costs, normalized to the cross-sectionalarea of the e-barrier, were $409/ft2/year and $10/ft2/year, respectively.

Description:Research on e-barriers has been underway at Colorado State University (CSU) since September 1998. The e-barrier wasdesigned and fabricated at CSU in May through July 2002 and was installed at F.E. Warren AFB in August 2002. WarrenAFB was selected for this demonstration due to favorable geologic conditions at the site, the presence of the desired targetcompound, and proximity to CSU. Some primary site attributes include a background TCE concentration ofapproximately 300 ug/L; depth to groundwater of approximately 12 ft (below grade); and a groundwater seepage velocityof 0.37 ft/day.

F.E. Warren is a 7,000-acre facility underlain by alluvial deposits and the Ogallala Formation. Locally, the OgallalaFormation consists of interbedded gravel, sand, and silt with varying clay content and cementation. The site selected forthe demonstration is a shallow alluvial plume containing approximately 300 ug/L of TCE.

24

Demonstration of Bioaugmentation at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas

Site Name:Kelly Air Force Base

Location:Texas

Period of Operation:November 1999 to May 2002

Cleanup Authority:Demonstration conducted under theDepartment of Defense (DoD)Environmental Security TechnologyCertification Program (ESTCP).

Purpose/Significance of Application: The primary objective of thedemonstration was to determine if complete reductive dechlorination could bestimulated through the introduction of a microbial culture KB-1 known tocontain halorespiring bacteria. Secondary objectives involved testing therobustness of the applied microbial culture by depriving it of electron donorand adding sulfate to the system.


Contaminants: Volatiles – Halogenated; Tetrachloroethene (PCE);Trichloroethene (TCE)

Waste Source: Not provided

Technology: Bioaugmentation-Bioaugmentation was tested to treat chlorinated solvents-contaminated groundwater. The KB-1 culture, consisting ofhalorespiring bacteria, was added to a bioaugmentation demonstration plot.-The bioaugmentation system consisted of one injection well and three extraction wells. Groundwater was extracted andpumped into a tank; electron donors (methanol and acetate) were added to the groundwater stream to achieve a totalconcentration of 7.2 milliMoles (mM). The groundwater was then pumped into the injection well. A groundwaterrecirculation rate of 3 gallons per minute (gpm) was maintained throughout the test with a residence time in thedemonstration plot of approximately 8 days.-The demonstration plot included nine wells: one injection well, three extraction wells, and five monitoring wells. Three ofthe monitoring wells were aligned along the center of the plot parallel to the groundwater flow direction and located at adistance of 8, 12, and 22 ft downgradient of the injection well. The other two monitoring wells were aligned perpendicularto groundwater flow, and were initially installed to be outside the zone of influence of the system. Each of the wells inboth plots were completed to a depth of 25 feet below ground surface (ft bgs) and were screened from 15 to 25 ft bgs toreduce the opportunity for aeration and increased oxygen concentrations of the groundwater as it moved through thetreatment system.-Groundwater samples were collected monthly during operation or when system operating parameters were modified.During each sampling event, groundwater was collected for pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO),oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, and turbidity volatile organic compound (VOC), volatile fatty acid (VFA), sulfate,nitrite, nitrate, bromide (tracer), and dissolved gas analyses. In addition, samples were collected for gene probe analysis fordetection of the KB-1 culture.

Demonstration of Bioaugmentation at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas (continued)

25

Contacts:

2nd Lt. Kolin NewsomeAir Force Research Laboratory139 Barnes Drive, Suite 2Tyndall AFB, Florida 32403Telephone: 850-283-6308Fax: 850-283-6064

Paul Kerch Air Force Research Laboratory139 Barnes Drive, Suite 2Tyndall AFB, Florida 32403Telephone: 850-283-6126Fax: 850-283-6064

Dr. Bruce Alleman Battelle Memorial Institute505 King AvenueColumbus, Ohio 43201Telephone: 614-424-5715Fax: 614-424-3667

Matt Place Battelle Memorial Institute505 King AvenueColumbus, Ohio 43201Telephone: 614-424-4531Fax: 614-424-3667

Dr. Dave Major GeoSyntec Consultants160 Research LaneGuelph, Ontario N1G 5B2Telephone: 519-822-2230Fax: 519-822-3151

Type/Quantity of Media Treated: Groundwater: 40,000

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals: No regulatory requirements or cleanup goals were provided for thedemonstration.

Results: Baseline monitoring, in November 1999, indicated that PCE was the dominant chloroethene species at the site. When the electron donors alone was added to the demonstration plot, limited reductive dechlorination of PCE occurred(PCE conversion to dichlorothene [DCE]). The demonstration plot was then bioaugmented with KB-1 on May 6, 2000.Within 72 days of the addition of the KB-1 culture, ethane was detected in the demonstration plot and the PCE, TCE, andc-DCE were observed at the lowest levels observed since 1999. This indicates that the addition of the KB-1 culturestimulated complete reductive dechlorination of PCE to ethene.

After demonstrating the effects of bioaugmentation for the potential to promote complete reductive dechlorination, thesystem was shut down (the addition of the electron donor stopped on September 25, 2000). Groundwater samples werecollected from the test plot on August 23, 2001 to determine the effects of eliminating the electron donor for one year onthe population of the KB-1 culture and the reductive dechlorination process. Gene probe analysis of the groundwatersamples indicated presence of KB-1 from demonstration plot. Samples from a non-augmented control plot tested negativefor KB-1. The microbial analyses and the distribution of chloroethenes indicated that the KB-1 culture was present andcomplete dechlorination was still occurring in the demonstration plot.

Sulfate was added to the system at 3.6 mM on March 9, 2002, to determine if the competitive use of the electron donorbetween the chloroethenes and sulfate would limit the reductive dechlorination occurring in the test plot. Monitoring datacollected on May 9, 2002 indicated that the addition of sulfate did not significantly affect reductive dechlorination.

The study indicated that the KB-1 culture was robust and able to compete with, and survive among, the indigenousmicrobial population. It also indicated that bioaugmentation may not require continuous monitoring following inoculationat sites where the natural attenuation requirements are met.

Costs: The total cost for the field demonstration of the bioaugmentation technology at Kelly AFB was $333,936, including:$78,000 for microcosm testing; $67,727 for capital costs for full-scale study; and $188,209 for operation and maintenance(O&M).

Demonstration of Bioaugmentation at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas (continued)

26

Description: A field demonstration was conducted at Kelly AFB to test the capability of a microbial culture, KB-1, todechlorinate PCE to ethane, and to test the survivability of the culture in the field under various conditions such aspresence and absence of electron donors. Bioaugmentation had been successfully demonstrated earlier at Kelly AFB inmicrocosm studies. The demonstration plot was selected for the earlier microcosm bioaugmentation study based on thepresence and concentrations of the contaminants, access to an existing test infrastructure, hydrogeology/ geology of site,and site logistics (site access, electrical power, water, etc.). The geology in the vicinity of the test site consisted ofunconsolidated alluvial deposits that have been deposited on the top of the undulatory erosional surface of the NavarroClay. The alluvial deposits consisted of gravel, sand, silt, and clay, ranging in thickness from 20 to 40 ft bgs. From thesurface down, the geology typically consists of 1 to 4 ft of black organic clay, 6 to16 ft of tan silty, calcareous clay; and 4to 20 ft of clayey limestone and chert gravel (denoted as clayey/gravel). The water table was approximately 15 to 20 ft bgs,and the saturated zone thickness was between 5 to12 ft bgs. Generally, groundwater flow is to the southwest with a flowvelocity of approximately 0.3 ft/day. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) at the site groundwater consisted primarily ofPCE, TCE, and their degradation products c-DCE and vinyl chloride. Total chlorinated ethene concentrations in thegroundwater exceed 8,000 :g/L.

27

EX SITU ACID ROCK DRAINAGE TREATMENT ABSTRACTS

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29

Constructed Wetland at Copper Basin Mining District, Ducktown, Tennessee

Site Name:Copper Basin Mining District

Location:Ducktown, Tennessee

Period of Operation:1998 to Present

Cleanup Authority:CERCLA

Purpose/Significance of Application:The wetland was constructed to aide in the overall remediation of manganeseand aluminum contamination at the site.


Contaminants:-Heavy Metals: Iron (Fe) (7.0 mg/L), Manganese (Mn) (1.2 mg/L), Copper (Cu)(0.6 mg/L), Zinc (Zn) (1.7 mg/L), Aluminum (Al) (4.2 mg/L).

Waste Source:Copper and sulfur mining operations.

Contacts:Remedial Project Manager:Loften CarrU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Region IVPhone: 404-562-8804E-mail: [email protected]

Technology:Constructed Wetland-The system consists of an anaerobic cell and a concrete diversion dam, bothconstructed in 1998. Two aerobic cells and a limestone-rock filter were laterconstructed in 2003.-The concrete diversion dam was constructed to control the flow of the McPhersonBranch into the constructed wetland and to provide a settlement basin to remove siltfrom the flow before it enters the wetland.-A liner was installed in 1998 on the west bank of the McPherson Branch, 70 meters(m) upstream of the concrete dam to minimize infiltration into, and drainage from,mined waste rock under the roadway parallel to McPherson Branch.-The wetland includes a Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) covered by a 0.7 m thickagricultural lime-enriched soil layer; a 0.7 m thick layer of crushed 2.5 centimeter (cm)limestone (minimum 75% Calcium Carbonate [CaCO3]); hay bales; and a 0.15 m layerof spent mushroom compost.-The limestone-rock filter and aerobic cells were added to oxygenate the constructedwetland effluent, volatilizate hydrogen sulfides in the effluent, and provide additionalsettlement for metal precipitates in the effluent.-The constructed wetland is 2 acres in size.-The average flow of water into the constructed wetland is 291 gallons per minute(gpm) and the average flow out of it is 241 gpm.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:The average flow of water entering the anaerobic wetland is 241 gpm.

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:EPA secondary maximum contaminant level (MCL) standards for public water systems:-Heavy Metals: Fe (0.3 mg/L), Mn (0.05 mg/L), Cu (1.0 mg/L), Zn (5 mg/L), Al (0.05 – 0.2 mg/L).

Results:After the initial construction of the wetland in 1998, a study was conducted from September 15, 1999 to February 5, 2003to evaluate the performance of the wetland. The study found that the wetland was reducing the acidity and concentrationof most of the metals in the McPherson Branch flow. However, concentration of manganese was not being reduced. Thestudy also found an increase in the hardness of water and a decrease in sulfate concentration. Later in 2003, two additionalaerobic cells and a limestone-rock filter bed were installed to help decrease manganese concentrations.

As of 2006, the effluent concentrations of heavy metals are:-Al at 0.055 mg/L-Fe at 0.133 mg/L-Mn at 0.294 mg/L-Cu at 0.017 mg/L-Zn at 0.197 mg/L

With the exception of manganese, all metal concentrations have been reduced to below the EPA MCL standards.

Constructed Wetland at Copper Basin Mining District, Ducktown, Tennessee (continued)

30

Costs:-The construction cost of the anaerobic wetland in 1998 was approximately $1 million. This included the initial removalof waste material and the construction of the anaerobic cell.-In 2003, the cost of adding the two additional aerobic cells to the wetland was approximately $300,000. This included thecost for the installation of the two cells, the cost for adding a rock filter, and the restoration of a segment of habitat onMcPherson Branch downstream of the anaerobic wetland.

Description:The Copper Basin Mining District is located in Polk County, Tennessee and Fannin County, Georgia. Copper and sulfurmining and processing occurred at the site from 1843 until 1987, with sulfuric acid production continuing until 2000. As aresult of mining activities, an area of more than 35 square miles, including the Davis Mill Creek Watershed, the NorthPotato Creek Watershed, and sections of the Ocoee River, had become contaminated.

The site is currently being investigated and remediated through a collaborative three-party effort that was formalized by aMemorandum of Understanding (MOU), dated January 11, 2001. The three parties overseeing remediation of the site are:the EPA, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, and OXY USA (a subsidiary of OccidentalPetroleum Corporation). Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. (GSHI), also a subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation, isconducting the remedial work at the site.

The constructed wetland was installed by GSHI on the McPherson Branch near its convergence with Burra Burra Creekwithin the North Potato Creek Watershed. The two-acre wetland was constructed on a highly eroded watershed, near thelocation of a former ore roast yard. In 1998 the initial anaerobic cell of the wetland was installed on the McPhersonBranch. The construction cost of the wetland and removal of waste from the area was approximately $1 million.

After construction of the wetland, a study was initiated in September 1999 to monitor the performance of the system. Thestudy ended in February 2003 and found that the wetland had succeeded in reducing the acidity and concentration of mostof the metal contamination in the McPherson Branch. The only metal that was not reduced to below the EPA MCL wasmanganese.

To help reduce the concentrations of manganese, two additional aerobic cells were added to the wetland system. Inaddition, a rock filter was constructed to provide oxygenation, volatilization of hydrogen sulfide, and settlement for metalprecipitates. These additions to the wetland were conducted in 2003 at a cost of $300,000. This also includes the cost forthe restoration of a segment of the stream downriver from the wetland.

The average volume of influent into the constructed wetland system is 291 gpm. Iron, copper, zinc, and aluminumconcentrations have been reduced by an order of magnitude. In addition, acidity has been reduced with the pH of treatedwater increasing from 3.82 to 6.50.

31

Compost-free Bioreactor at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California

Site Name:Leviathan Mine

Location:Markleeville, CA

Period of Operation:Spring 2003 – Ongoing

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE): November 2003 to July2005


Technology evaluated under the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) SITE program

Purpose/Significance of Application:The primary objectives of the SITE evaluation were to:-Determine the removal efficiencies for the primary target metals (Al, Cu, Fe,and Ni) over the evaluation period-Determine if the concentrations of the primary target metals in the treatedeffluent are below the interim (pre-risk assessment and record of decision)discharge standards mandated in 2002 Action Memorandum for Early Actionsat Leviathan Mine


Contaminants:Average gravity flow mode influent ARD concentrations:-Heavy metals: Aluminum (Al) (37,467 ug/L), Copper (Cu) (691 ug/L), Iron(Fe) (117,167 ug/L), Nickel (Ni) (487 ug/L)

Average recirculation mode influent ARD concentrations:-Heavy metals: Al (40,029 ug/L), Cu (795 ug/L), Fe (115,785 ug/L), Ni (529ug/L)

Waste Source:Copper and sulfur mining activities.

Compost-free Bioreactor at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California (continued)

32

Contacts:EPA Contacts:Edward Bates, EPA Project ManagerU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNational Risk Management Research LaboratoryOffice of Research and Development26 West Martin Luther King Jr. DriveCincinnati, OH 45268(513) [email protected]

Kevin Mayer, EPA Remedial Project ManagerU.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 975 Hawthorne Street, SFD-7-2San Francisco, CA 94105(415) [email protected]

Vendor Contact:Roy Thun, Project ManagerBP Atlantic Richfield Company6 Centerpointe Drive, Room 6-164La Palma, CA 90623(661) [email protected]

State of California Contact:Richard Booth, Project ManagerCalifornia Regional Water Quality Control BoardLohontan Region2501 Lake Tahoe Blvd.South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150(530) [email protected]

University of Nevada-Reno Contact:Dr. Glenn Miller and Dr. Tim TsukamotoDepartment of Natural Resources and EnvironmentalScienceUniversity of Nevada-Reno, Mail Stop 199Reno, NV 89557-0187(775) [email protected]@unr.edu

Technology:Compost-free Bioreactor-A compost-free bioreactor system was installed in the spring of2003.-The system consists of a flow control weir, a pretreatment pond,two sulfate-reducing bioreactors, a settling pond, and an aerationchannel.-Influent acid rock drainage (ARD) enters the system through aflow control weir. Sodium hydroxide is added to the influent toadjust the pH to approximately 4. Precipitates formed during thepH adjustment are settled out in the pretreatment pond. Ethanol isadded to the ARD as it flows into a series of two sulfate-reducingbioreactors where sulfate is reduced to sulfide. Effluent from thebioreactors enters a settling pond where metal sulfide precipitatesare removed. Finally, effluent from the settling pond flowsthrough a rock lined aeration channel to promote gas exchangebefore being discharged into Aspen Creek.-Ethanol is contained in a 7,600 Liter (L) ethanol feed stock tankand sodium hydroxide is contained in three 3,800 L feed stocktank.-The system is designed to handle influent flows up to a maximumof 115 liter per minute (L/min). During the evaluation inlet flowswere evaluated up to 91 L/min.-The two bioreactors are lined with 60 mil high densitypolyethylene (HDPE) and filled with 20 to 40 centimeters (cm) ofriver rock.-The system operated in two modes: gravity flow mode andrecirculation mode. The gravity flow mode operates by having theARD pass through two successive sulfate-reducing bioreactorsfollowed by precipitation of metal sulfides in the continuous flowsettling pond. The recirculation mode operates by having ARDcome into direct contact with the sulfide rich water from thebioreactors followed by precipitation of the metal sulfides in thesettling pond. Also in the recirculation mode, a portion of thesettling pond supernatant containing excess sulfate is then pumpedback to the head of the bioreactors to generate additional sulfides.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:From November 2003 to mid-May 2004 the system treated 9.24 million liters of ARD while in gravity flow mode. Frommid-May 2004 to July 2005, 22.1 million liters of ARD were treated using the recirculation mode.

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:Maximum EPA Interim Discharge Standards:-Heavy Metals: Al (4,000 ug/L), Cu (26 ug/L), Fe (2,000 ug/L), Ni (840 ug/L)

Compost-free Bioreactor at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California (continued)

33

Results:The evaluation showed that the compost-free bioreactor system is effective in neutralizing acidity and reducing theconcentrations of the heavy metal contamination to below the interim discharge standards. During the gravity flow mode,the system removed an average of 94 percent of the total heavy metal contamination from the ARD. The recirculationmode approach removed an average of 96 percent of the contamination. In addition, the metal sulfide precipitates createdby the system were found to be non-hazardous, did not pose a threat to water quality, and could be used as a soilamendment for site reclamation.

Costs:The estimated initial fixed cost to construct a treatment system for the gravity flow mode was $836,617 and $864,119 forthe recirculation mode system. These costs included site preparation, permitting, and capital and equipment costs. Thesite preparation costs included costs for system design, project and construction management, and preconstruction sitework. The capital and equipment costs ($548,431 for gravity flow mode and $554,551 for recirculation mode) includedcosts for all equipment and materials used during construction, delivery of equipment and materials, earthwork, and initialsystem construction. The equipment and materials costs included costs for reagent storage tanks, pumps, valves, pondliners, rock substrate, pH control equipment, automation equipment and satellite phones for reliable communication at theremote site.

The total variable cost to operate the treatment system was $82,155 for gravity flow mode (over a 6-month period) and$75,877 for the recirculation mode (over a 16-month period). These costs include the cost of system startup andacclimation, consumable and rentals, labor, utilities, waste handling and disposal, analytical services, and maintenance andsystem modifications.

Description:The Leviathan Mine is a former copper and sulfur mine located in Alpine County on the eastern slopes of the SierraNevada Mountain range. Mining activities since the 1860s have resulted in significant acid mine drainage (AMD) andARD contamination. In the 1950s, approximately 22 million tons of overburden and waste rock were removed from thesite’s open pit mine and were placed in the Aspen Creek drainage channel.

In the spring of 2003 installation of a compost-free bioreactor at the site was completed. From November 2003 to July2005 the treatment system was evaluated by the EPA SITE program to determine its effectiveness in treating ARDcollected from the Aspen Seep.

The system operated in gravity flow mode from November 2003 through mid-May and in recirculation mode frommid-May through July 2005. During both periods the influent flow of ARD into the system ranged from 25 to 91 L/min. During gravity flow mode the system treated 9.24 million liters of ARD and during recirculation mode the system treated22.1 million liters of ARD. The initial fixed cost to construct the treatment system for gravity flow mode is $836,617 and$864,119 for a recirculation mode system.

Results from the evaluation showed that the system was able to remove on an average 94 to 96 percent of the total heavymetal contamination from the ARD. Based on the success of the system, remediation of the ARD from the Aspen Seepcontinued.

34

Lime Treatment at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California

Site Name:Leviathan Mine

Location:Markleeville, CA

Period of Operation:Active lime treatment system: 1999 – ongoing; semi-passive lagoon treatmentsystem: 2001 – ongoing

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE): June 2002 to October2003.


Technology evaluated under the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) SITE program

Purpose/Significance of Application:The primary objectives of the SITE evaluation were to:-Determine the removal efficiencies for the target metals over the evaluationperiod-Determine if the concentrations of the target metals in the treated effluent arebelow the interim (pre-risk assessment and record of decision) dischargestandards mandated in 2002 Action Memorandum for Early Actions atLeviathan Mine

The secondary objectives of the evaluation were to:-Document operating parameters and assess critical operating conditionsnecessary to optimize system performance-Monitor the general chemical characteristics of the AMD or ARD water as itpasses through the treatment system-Evaluate operational performance and efficiency of solids separation systems-Document solids transfer, dewatering, and disposal operations-Determine capital and operation and maintenance costs

Cleanup Type:Full Scale

Contaminants:Average active lime treatment biphasic operation influent AMD concentrations:-Heavy metals: Aluminum (Al) (381,000 ug/L), Copper (Cu) (2,383 ug/L), Iron(Fe) (461,615 ug/L), Nickel (Ni) (7,024 ug/L)

Average active lime treatment monophasic operation influent ARD/AMDconcentrations-Heavy metals: Al (107,800 ug/L), Cu (2,152 ug/L), Fe (456,429 ug/L), Ni(2,560 ug/L)

Average semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment influent ARD concentrations-Heavy metals: Al (31,988 ug/L), Cu (13.5 ug/L), Fe (391,250 ug/L), Ni (1,631ug/L)

Waste Source:Copper and sulfur mining activities.

Lime Treatment at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California (continued)

35

Contacts:EPA Contacts:Edward Bates, EPA ProjectManagerU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencyNational Risk ManagementResearch LaboratoryOffice of Research andDevelopment26 West Martin Luther King Jr.DriveCincinnati, OH 45268(513) [email protected]

Kevin Mayer, EPA RemedialProject ManagerU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region 975 Hawthorne Street, SFD-7-2San Francisco, CA 94105(415) [email protected]

Vendor Contact:Roy Thun, Project ManagerBP Atlantic Richfield Company6 Centerpointe Drive, Room6-164La Palma, CA 90623(661) [email protected]

State of California Contact:Richard Booth, Project ManagerCalifornia Regional WaterQuality Control BoardLohontan Region2501 Lake Tahoe Blvd.South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150(530) [email protected]

Technology:Active lime treatment system-Acid rock drainage (ARD) and acid mine drainage (AMD) are neutralized using limeto precipitate dissolved iron, other metals, and oxy-hydroxides.-Influent flows into a reaction tank where it is mixed with lime slurry. The processsolution then flows through a 4,000 Liter (L) flash/floc mixing tank where polymerflocculent is added. The solution then flows into a 40,000 L clarifier for floc settlingand thickening. Solids are periodically pumped from the clarifier into a 550L-capacity batch filter press for dewatering.-The system operated in two modes: monophasic and biphasic. The monophasic modeis a single stage process that treats a combined flow of ARD and AMD. The biphasicmode consists of two stages where only AMD is treated. During biphasic mode, theAMD flow passes through two sets of reaction tanks, flash/floc mixing tanks, andclarifiers.-The monophasic mode of the system treated ARD/AMD flows up to 250 liter perminute (L/min) while the biphasic mode treated AMD flow up to 720 L/min.-Forty-five percent lime slurry was added to the AMD at a rate of up to 1.3 L/min forbiphasic mode and to the ARD/AMD at 0.35 L/min for monophasic mode.

Semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment system-ARD with low arsenic concentration is neutralized using lime to form hydroxideprecipitate.-The semi-passive system operates as a continuous flow lime contact system.-ARD influent passes through three 4,000 L air sparge/lime contact tanks where initialprecipitation occurs. Forty-five percent lime slurry is added to each contact tank at acombined rate of 0.16 L/min. The tanks are sparged with compressed air to mix theARD and lime. The ARD/lime solution then flows through a series of six, spun fabricbag filters where approximately 60 percent of the precipitate is captured. Effluentfrom the bag filters then flows into a 5.4 million L multi-cell settling lagoon. TreatedARD is periodically discharged from the settling lagoon into the Leviathan Creek.-The system treats low ARD flows of approximately 120 L/min with relatively lowarsenic content.

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:In monophasic mode, the active lime treatment system treated 17.4 million liter of combined AMD and ARD using 23.8dry tons of lime over 6 months. During the biphasic mode the active treatment system treated 28.3 million liter of AMDusing 125 dry tons of lime over 6 months.

The semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment system treated 12.3 million liters of ARD using 19.4 dry tons of lime over 6months.

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:EPA Project Discharge Standards (Maximum):-Heavy metals: Al (4,000 ug/L), Cu (26 ug/L), Fe (2,000 ug/L), Ni (840 ug/L)

Lime Treatment at Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, Markleeville, California (continued)

36

Results:-Both the monophasic and biphasic modes for active lime treatment were able to remove on average 93.1 to 100 percent ofeach metal contaminant, with the exception of lead, which had a removal percentage of 74.6 to 78.3 percent.-The semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment system was able to remove on an average 88.5 to 100 percent of each metalcontaminant, with the exception of lead (removal efficiency of 66.4 percent) and copper (removal efficiency of 58.3).-Despite the low average percent removal efficiency for lead and copper, all contaminant metal concentrations in theeffluent were below the interim discharge standards for both systems.

Costs:The initial fixed costs to construct the lime treatment systems were:-Active lime treatment operated in monophasic mode: $1,021,415-Active lime treatment operated in biphasic mode: $1,261,076-Semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment: $297,482

The initial fixed costs consisted of site preparation costs, permitting costs, and capital and equipment costs. Sitepreparation costs included system design, project management, and construction management. Capital and equipmentcosts included all equipment and materials used, delivery, and initial system construction. Equipment and materialsincluded reaction tanks, settling tanks, piping, pumps, valves, pH control equipment, automation equipment and satellitephones to support communication in the remote location.

Variable costs to operate each system over the 6-month evaluation period were as follows:-Active lime treatment operated in monophasic mode: $200,022-Active lime treatment operated in biphasic mode: $224,813-Semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment: $195,151

Variable costs included system startup and shakedown, consumables and rentals, labor, utilities, waste handling anddisposal, analytical services, maintenance and system modification, and system winterization.

Description:The Leviathan Mine is a former copper and sulfur mine located in Alpine County on the eastern slopes of the SierraNevada Mountain range. Mining activities since the 1860s has resulted in significant AMD and ARD contamination. Inthe 1950s, approximately 22 million tons of overburden and waste rock were removed from the open pit mine anddistributed throughout the site.

The active lime treatment system was installed at the site in 1999 and the semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment systemwas installed in 2001. The SITE evaluation was conducted from June 2002 to October 2003. Each system used lime toneutralize AMD and/or ARD. The initial fixed costs for active lime treatment were $1,021,415 and $1,261,076 formonophasic and biphasic treatment respectively, and $297,482 for the semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment system.

Both treatment systems were able to remove an average of 88.5 to 100 percent of each metal contaminant from theinfluent, with the exception of lead for the active lime treatment system (both modes), and copper and lead for thesemi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment system. Lead had an average removal efficiency percentage of 74 to 78 with theactive lime treatment and 66 percent removal efficiency with the semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment. Copper had anaverage 58 percent removal efficiency with the semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment. Based on these results, both limetreatment systems were continued after the SITE evaluation, with the active lime treatment system operating in biphasicmode to treat AMD and the semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment system treating ARD.

37

APPENDIX A

SUMMARY OF 393 CASE STUDIES

38


A-1

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

Soi

l Vap

or E

xtra

ctio

n (

43 P

roje

cts)

Bas

ket C

reek

Sur

face

Im

poun

dmen

tS

ite,

GA

18S

VE

Soi

lT

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

;K

eton

es;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als

1992

1997

Cam

p L

ejeu

ne M

ilit

ary

Res

erva

tion

,S

ite

82, A

rea

A, N

C32

SV

ES

oil

BT

EX

; PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1995

1998

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay, S

outh

Tac

oma

Cha

nnel

Wel

l 12A

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

WA

45S

VE

Soi

l;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1992

1995

Dav

is-M

onth

an A

FB

, Sit

e S

T-3

5, A

Z51

SV

ES

oil

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1995

1998

Def

ense

Sup

ply

Cen

ter

Ric

hmon

d, O

U5,

VA

52S

VE

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1992

1998

Eas

t Mul

tnom

ah C

ount

y G

roun

dwat

erC

onta

min

atio

n S

ite,

OR

370

SV

E;

Air

Spa

rgin

g;

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

er;

LN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9120

04

Fai

rchi

ld S

emic

ondu

ctor

Cor

pora

tion

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

CA

68S

VE

Soi

lP

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1989

1995

For

t Lew

is, L

andf

ill 4

, WA

84S

VE

;A

ir S

parg

ing

Soi

lT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1994

1998

For

t Ric

hard

son,

Bui

ldin

g 90

8 S

outh

,A

K88

SV

ES

oil

BT

EX

; Pet

role

umH

ydro

carb

ons;

V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1995

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

For

t Gre

ely,

Tex

as T

ower

Sit

e, A

K82

SV

E;

Air

Spa

rgin

g;

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

erP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1994

1998

Has

ting

s G

roun

dwat

er C

onta

min

atio

nS

uper

fund

Sit

e, W

ell N

umbe

r 3

Sub

site

, NE

104

SV

ES

oil

TC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed19

9219

95

Hol

lom

an A

FB

, Sit

es 2

and

5, N

M10

8S

VE

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1994

1998

Inte

rsil

/Sie

men

s S

uper

fund

Sit

e, C

A11

7S

VE

Soi

lT

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

1988

1998

Luk

e A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, N

orth

Fir

eT

rain

ing

Are

a, A

Z14

5S

VE

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;K

eton

es

1990

1995

McC

lell

an A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, O

pera

ble

Uni

t D, S

ite

S, C

A15

4S

VE

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1993

1995

Mul

tipl

e (2

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

- I

n si

tuS

VE

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns

366

SV

ES

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

2004

Mul

tipl

e (3

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

- I

n Si

tuT

reat

men

t, V

ario

us L

ocat

ions

363

SV

E;

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

insi

tu);

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

insi

tu)

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed20

0120

04

Mul

tipl

e (3

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

-S

VE

/Air

Spa

rgin

g, V

ario

us L

ocat

ions

317

SV

E;

Air

Spa

rgin

gS

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

s

PC

E; T

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

5

2003

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

Mul

tipl

e (3

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

-S

VE

/MN

A, V

ario

us L

ocat

ions

320

SV

E; M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

; Pum

p an

d T

reat

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

6

2003

Mul

tipl

e (4

) D

ry C

lean

ers

- S

VE

and

SV

E U

sed

wit

h O

ther

Tec

hnol

ogie

s,V

ario

us L

ocat

ions

365

SV

E;

Air

Spa

rgin

g;

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

insi

tu);

Pum

p an

d T

reat

; M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

; M

ulti

Pha

se E

xtra

ctio

n

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

; BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1997

2004

Mul

tipl

e (6

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns34

5S

VE

Soi

l;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

2

Var

ious

year

s -

2002

,20

03

Mul

tipl

e (7

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

176

SV

E;

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Soi

l;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

8

Var

ious

year

s -

2001

, 200

2

Mul

tipl

e (7

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

-P

&T

/SV

E/M

PE

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns34

9S

VE

; M

ulti

Pha

se E

xtra

ctio

n;P

ump

and

Tre

at

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls;

Off

-gas

es

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

1

Var

ious

year

s -

2002

,20

03

Mul

tipl

e (3

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns37

9S

VE

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

; Vol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

9

2005

NA

S N

orth

Isl

and,

Sit

e 9,

CA

183

SV

E (

Pho

toly

tic

Des

truc

tion

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1997

1998

Pat

rick

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Act

ive

Bas

eE

xcha

nge

Ser

vice

Sta

tion

, FL

214

SV

E (

Bio

cube

TM

) (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1994

2000

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

Pat

rick

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Act

ive

Bas

eE

xcha

nge

Ser

vice

Sta

tion

, FL

215

SV

E (

Inte

rnal

Com

bust

ion

Eng

ine)

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1993

2000

Roc

ky M

ount

ain

Ars

enal

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite

(Mot

or P

ool A

rea

- O

pera

ble

Uni

t#1

8), C

O

237

SV

ES

oil

TC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed19

9119

95

Sac

ram

ento

Arm

y D

epot

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

Tan

k 2

(Ope

rabl

e U

nit #

3), C

A24

1S

VE

Soi

lK

eton

es; B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1992

1995

Sac

ram

ento

Arm

y D

epot

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

Bur

n P

its

Ope

rabl

e U

nit,

CA

240

SV

ES

oil

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9419

97

San

d C

reek

Ind

ustr

ial S

uper

fund

Sit

e,O

pera

ble

Uni

t 1, C

O24

2S

VE

Soi

l;L

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1993

1997

Sey

mou

r R

ecyc

ling

Cor

pora

tion

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

IN

258

SV

E;

Con

tain

men

t - C

aps;

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1998

Sha

w A

FB

, OU

1, S

C26

1S

VE

;F

ree

Pro

duct

Rec

over

yS

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

s

BT

EX

; Pet

role

umH

ydro

carb

ons;

V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1995

1998

SM

S I

nstr

umen

ts S

uper

fund

Sit

e, N

Y26

4S

VE

Soi

lV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1992

1995

Sta

min

a M

ills

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

RI

273

SV

E;

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

l;

Off

-gas

esT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2001

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-5

404

SV

E; C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)S

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; P

CE

; Vin

yl C

hlor

ide;

DC

E; V

olat

ile-

Hal

ogen

ated

2001

2007

Tys

on’s

Dum

p S

uper

fund

Sit

e, P

A28

5S

VE

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1988

1998

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y,P

orts

mou

th G

aseo

us D

iffu

sion

Pla

nt,

OH

292

SV

E;

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

insi

tu);

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on;

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9219

97

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, S

avan

nah

Riv

er S

ite,

SC

295

SV

E (

Fla

mel

ess

The

rmal

Oxi

dati

on)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

l;

Off

-gas

esP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9519

97

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, S

avan

nah

Riv

er S

ite,

SC

, and

San

dia,

NM

251

SV

E;

In-W

ell A

ir S

trip

ping

;B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

AL

L;

Dri

llin

g(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

erV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1988

2000

Van

denb

erg

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Bas

eE

xcha

nge

Ser

vice

Sta

tion

, CA

306

SV

E (

Res

in A

dsor

ptio

n)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

2000

Ver

ona

Wel

l Fie

ld S

uper

fund

Sit

e (T

hom

as S

olve

nt R

aym

ond

Roa

d -

Ope

rabl

e U

nit #

1), M

I

307

SV

ES

oil

Lig

ht N

on-

aque

ous

Pha

seL

iqui

ds

Ket

ones

; BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

PC

E; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1988

1995

Oth

er I

n S

itu

Soi

l/S

edim

ent

Tre

atm

ent

(51

Pro

ject

s)

Ala

med

a P

oint

, CA

5E

lect

roki

neti

cs(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1997

2001

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-6

Arg

onne

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory-

Eas

t,31

7/31

9 A

rea,

Arg

onne

, IL

390

Phy

tore

med

iati

onS

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

; Vol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

; Sem

ivol

atil

e-H

alog

enat

ed

1999

2006

Arg

onne

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

- W

est,

Was

te A

rea

Gro

up 9

, OU

9-0

4, I

D12

Phy

tore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1998

2000

Ave

ry D

enni

son,

IL

329

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

Soi

l; D

NA

PL

sV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2003

Bea

ch H

aven

Sub

stat

ion,

Pen

saco

la, F

L20

Ele

ctro

kine

tics

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lA

rsen

ic19

9820

00

Bro

dhea

d C

reek

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

PA

24T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)S

oil;

DN

AP

Ls

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Ars

enic

1995

1998

Cal

ifor

nia

Gul

ch S

uper

fund

Sit

e, O

U11

, CO

373

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1998

2005

401

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

onS

oil

Hea

vy M

etal

s20

0220

07

Cas

tle

Air

port

and

Var

ious

Sit

es, C

A36

1B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;

1998

2004

Cas

tle

Air

port

, CA

35

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)B

iove

ntin

g (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d19

9819

99

Cle

aner

s #1

, Ken

t, W

A39

4B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on,

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)

Soi

l,G

roun

dwat

erD

CE

; PC

E; T

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

1998

2006

Con

fide

ntia

l Che

mic

al M

anuf

actu

ring

Fac

ilit

y, I

N33

0T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)S

oil;

DN

AP

Ls;

Off

-gas

es

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9720

03

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-7

Cro

oksv

ille

/Ros

evil

le P

otte

ry A

rea

ofC

once

rn (

CR

PA

C),

OH

327

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

199

820

02

Dov

er A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, B

uild

ing

719,

DE

57B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1998

2000

Eie

lson

Air

For

ce B

ase,

AK

64B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1991

1995

Ens

ign-

Bic

kfor

d C

ompa

ny -

OB

/OD

Are

a, C

T66

Phy

tore

med

iati

onS

oil

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9820

00

For

mer

Mar

e Is

land

Nav

al S

hipy

ard,

CA

75T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1997

2000

For

t Ric

hard

son

Pol

elin

e R

oad

Dis

posa

l Are

a, O

U B

, AK

89T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u);

SV

E (

Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1997

2000

Fro

ntie

r H

ard

Chr

ome

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

WA

381

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

erH

eavy

Met

als

2003

2005

Hil

l Air

For

ce B

ase,

Sit

e 28

0, U

T10

6B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1990

1995

Hil

l Air

For

ce B

ase,

Sit

e 91

4, U

T10

7B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing;

S

VE

Soi

lP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1988

1995

Hun

ter

Arm

y A

irfi

eld,

For

mer

Pum

phou

se #

2, G

A38

2T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)S

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

; L

NA

PL

s

BT

EX

; Pet

role

umH

ydro

carb

ons;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

dP

AH

s;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

2002

2005

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

ID

114

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)B

iove

ntin

g(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2000

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-8

Jone

s Is

land

Con

fine

d D

ispo

sal

Fac

ilit

y, M

ilw

auke

e, W

I39

3P

hyto

rem

edia

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Sed

imen

tP

CB

s; P

AH

s; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s20

0120

06

Kop

pers

Co.

(C

harl

esto

n P

lant

) A

shle

yR

iver

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

SC

350

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

onS

edim

ent;

DN

AP

Ls

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

200

120

06

Low

ry A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, C

O14

3B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1995

Mag

ic M

arke

r, N

J an

d S

mal

l Arm

sF

irin

g R

ange

(S

AF

R)

24, N

J14

6P

hyto

rem

edia

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

Mag

icM

arke

r -

1997

; F

ort D

ix -

2000

2002

Mis

sour

i Ele

ctri

c W

orks

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

MO

160

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9719

98

Mor

ses

Pon

d C

ulve

rt, M

A35

1C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)S

oil

Hea

vy M

etal

s20

0120

04

Mul

tipl

e A

ir F

orce

Tes

t Sit

es, M

ulti

ple

Loc

atio

ns18

0B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

2000

Mul

tipl

e (4

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

- I

n S

itu

Che

mic

al O

xida

tion

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns

380

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

Soi

l;

Gro

undw

ater

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

dS

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

Var

ious

year

s-st

arti

ng 1

999

2005

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-9

Mul

tipl

e (3

) P

OL

-Con

tam

inat

ed S

ites

,A

K37

6P

hyto

rem

edia

tion

;B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

PA

Hs;

S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;P

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;H

eavy

Met

als

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

8

2005

Nav

al A

ir W

eapo

ns S

tati

on P

oint

Mug

uS

ite

5, C

A (

US

AE

C)

188

Ele

ctro

kine

tics

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

l;S

edim

ent

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9820

00

Nav

al A

ir W

eapo

ns S

tati

on P

oint

Mug

uS

ite

5, C

A (

US

EP

A)

189

Ele

ctro

kine

tics

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1998

2000

Ona

lask

a M

unic

ipal

Lan

dfil

l Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

Ona

lask

a, W

I38

7B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Bio

vent

ing,

Pum

p an

d T

reat

,M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

erB

TE

X; D

CE

; Hea

vyM

etal

s; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d; P

CE

;T

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

1994

2006

Pad

ucah

Gas

eous

Dif

fusi

on P

lant

(PG

DP

) S

uper

fund

Sit

e, K

Y32

8L

asag

naT

MS

oil

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

199

920

02

396

Phy

tore

med

iati

onS

oil;

Sed

imen

t;G

roun

dwat

er

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9120

07

Par

sons

Che

mic

al/E

TM

Ent

erpr

ises

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

MI

212

Vit

rifi

cati

on (

in s

itu)

Soi

l;S

edim

ent

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;D

ioxi

ns/F

uran

s

1993

1997

Por

tsm

outh

Gas

eous

Dif

fusi

on P

lant

, X

-231

A S

ite,

Pik

eton

, OH

225

Fra

ctur

ing

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9620

01

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

0

Roc

ky M

ount

ain

Ars

enal

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

Den

ver,

CO

386

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

Soi

lP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

2001

2006

San

dia

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

orie

s, U

nlin

edC

hrom

ic A

cid

Pit

, NM

246

Ele

ctro

kine

tics

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1996

2000

Sav

anna

h R

iver

Sit

e 32

1-M

Sol

vent

Sto

rage

Tan

k A

rea,

GA

337

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

2000

2003

Sul

fur

Ban

k M

ercu

ry M

ine

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite

391

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(B

ench

Sca

le)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

2000

2006

Tw

in C

itie

s A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

,M

N28

3P

hyto

rem

edia

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als;

Ars

enic

1998

2000

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, S

avan

nah

Riv

er S

ite,

SC

, and

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A29

6T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

l;S

edim

ent

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1993

1997

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, P

aduc

ahG

aseo

us D

iffu

sion

Pla

nt, K

Y29

1L

asag

naT

M (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9519

97

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y,P

orts

mou

th G

aseo

us D

iffu

sion

Pla

nt,

OH

and

Oth

er S

ites

293

Fra

ctur

ing

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

s

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9119

97

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, M

ulti

ple

Sit

es28

8D

rill

ing

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil;

Sed

imen

t-

1992

1997

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, H

anfo

rdS

ite,

WA

, Oak

Rid

ge (

TN

) an

d O

ther

s28

9V

itri

fica

tion

(in

sit

u)S

oil;

Slu

dge;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;A

rsen

ic;

Dio

xins

/Fur

ans;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edP

CB

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s

Not

Pro

vide

d19

97

Whi

te S

ands

Mis

sile

Ran

ge, S

WM

U14

3, N

M31

3C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1998

2000

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

1

You

ng-R

ainy

Sta

r C

ente

r (f

orm

erly

Pin

ella

s) N

orth

east

Are

a A

, FL

355

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

Soi

l;

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

2002

2004

Inci

ner

atio

n (

on-s

ite)

(18

Pro

ject

s)

Bai

rd a

nd M

cGui

re, M

A15

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

Sed

imen

tD

ioxi

ns/F

uran

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;P

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;A

rsen

ic;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1995

1998

Bay

ou B

onfo

uca,

LA

19In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;

Sed

imen

tP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1993

1998

Bri

dgep

ort R

efin

ery

and

Oil

Ser

vice

s,N

J23

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;S

edim

ent;

Org

anic

Liq

uids

;S

ludg

e

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1991

1998

Cel

anes

e C

orpo

rati

on S

helb

y F

iber

Ope

rati

ons,

NC

36In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;

Slu

dge

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als;

BT

EX

1991

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

2

Coa

l Cre

ek, W

A43

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1994

1998

Dra

ke C

hem

ical

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

Ope

rabl

e U

nit 3

, Loc

k H

aven

, PA

59In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

lV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1998

2001

FM

C C

orpo

rati

on -

Yak

ima,

WA

72In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;D

ebri

s/S

lag/

Sol

id

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1993

1998

For

mer

Neb

rask

a O

rdna

nce

Pla

nt -

OU

1, N

E76

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Exp

losi

ves/

Pro

pell

ants

1997

1998

For

mer

Wel

don

Spr

ings

Ord

nanc

eW

orks

, OU

1, M

O79

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Exp

losi

ves/

Pro

pell

ants

;H

eavy

Met

als;

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1998

2000

MO

TC

O, T

X16

5In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;S

ludg

e;O

rgan

icL

iqui

ds

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1990

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

3

Old

Mid

land

Pro

duct

s, A

R20

6In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;

Slu

dge

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1992

1998

Pet

ro P

roce

ssor

s, L

A21

7In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;

Org

anic

Liq

uids

;D

NA

PL

s

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1994

1998

Roc

ky M

ount

ain

Ars

enal

, CO

236

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

O

rgan

icL

iqui

ds

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Hea

vy M

etal

s; A

rsen

ic19

9319

98

Ros

e D

ispo

sal P

it, M

A23

8In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

lP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

1998

Ros

e T

owns

hip

Dum

p, M

I23

9In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

lP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;H

eavy

Met

als;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

PA

Hs;

Ket

ones

1992

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

4

Sik

es D

ispo

sal P

its,

TX

262

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1998

Tim

es B

each

, MO

280

Inci

nera

tion

(on

-sit

e)S

oil;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Dio

xins

/Fur

ans;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9619

98

Ver

tac

Che

mic

al C

orpo

rati

on, A

R30

8In

cine

rati

on (

on-s

ite)

Soi

l;D

ebri

s/S

lag/

Sol

id;

Org

anic

Liq

uids

Dio

xins

/Fur

ans;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1998

Th

erm

al D

esor

pti

on (

30 P

roje

cts)

And

erso

n D

evel

opm

ent C

ompa

nyS

uper

fund

Sit

e, M

I8

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil;

S

ludg

eP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als

1992

1995

Arl

ingt

on B

lend

ing

and

Pac

kagi

ngS

uper

fund

Sit

e, T

N13

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Ars

enic

1996

2000

Bro

okha

ven

Nat

iona

lL

abor

ator

y(B

NL

), N

Y32

5T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil

Hea

vy M

etal

sN

ot p

rovi

ded

2002

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

5

Cap

e F

ear

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

NC

33T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;A

rsen

ic; H

eavy

Met

als;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;B

TE

X

1998

2002

FC

X W

ashi

ngto

n S

uper

fund

Sit

e, N

C69

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9519

98

For

t Lew

is, S

olve

nt R

efin

ed C

oal P

ilot

Pla

nt (

SR

CP

P),

WA

86T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lP

AH

s;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1996

1998

For

t Ord

, CA

354

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

; Off

-gas

Hea

vy M

etal

s20

0220

04

Indu

stri

al L

atex

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

NJ

348

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil;

Off

-gas

esP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;P

AH

s; P

CB

s; A

rsen

ic

199

920

02

Let

terk

enny

Arm

y D

epot

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

K A

reas

, OU

1, P

A13

5T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;H

eavy

Met

als

1993

2000

Lip

ari L

andf

ill,

Ope

rabl

e U

nit 3

, NJ

137

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Ars

enic

;H

eavy

Met

als;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

2002

Lon

ghor

n A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

,B

urni

ng G

roun

d N

o. 3

, TX

138

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9720

00

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

6

McK

in S

uper

fund

Sit

e, M

E15

5T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;P

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1986

1995

Met

alte

c/A

eros

yste

ms

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

Fra

nkli

n B

orou

gh, N

J15

6T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1994

2001

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on C

ecil

Fie

ld, S

ite

17,

OU

2, F

L18

2T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1995

1998

New

Bed

ford

Har

bor

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

New

Bed

ford

, MA

197

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Sed

imen

tP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2001

Out

boar

d M

arin

e C

orpo

rati

onS

uper

fund

Sit

e, O

H20

9T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

l;S

edim

ent

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9219

95

Por

t Mol

ler

Rad

io R

elay

Sta

tion

, AK

223

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1995

1998

Pri

stin

e, I

nc. S

uper

fund

Sit

e, O

H22

7T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;P

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als

1993

1995

Re-

Sol

ve, I

nc. S

uper

fund

Sit

e, M

A23

0T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

l P

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;K

eton

es;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1993

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

7

Rei

ch F

arm

, Ple

asan

t Pla

ins,

NJ

228

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1994

2001

Rei

lly

Indu

stri

es S

uper

fund

Sit

e,O

pera

ble

Uni

t 3, I

N22

9T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1996

2002

Roc

ky F

lats

Env

iron

men

tal T

echn

olog

yS

ite,

Mou

nd S

ite,

Gol

den,

CO

234

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1997

2001

Roc

ky F

lats

Env

iron

men

tal T

echn

olog

yS

ite,

Tre

nche

s T

-3 a

nd T

-4, C

O23

5T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

l;D

ebri

s/S

lag/

Sol

id

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Ket

ones

; BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1996

2000

San

d C

reek

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

OU

5, C

O24

3T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;A

rsen

ic19

9420

00

Sar

ney

Far

m, A

men

ia, N

Y24

8T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Ket

ones

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1997

2001

Sit

e B

(ac

tual

sit

e na

me

conf

iden

tial

),W

este

rn U

nite

d S

tate

s33

3T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

l;O

ff-g

ases

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

199

520

03

TH

Agr

icul

ture

& N

utri

tion

Com

pany

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

GA

277

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des

1993

1995

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

8

Wal

dick

Aer

ospa

ces

Dev

ices

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

NJ

310

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

PC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1993

1998

Wid

e B

each

Dev

elop

men

t Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

NY

314

The

rmal

Des

orpt

ion

(ex

situ

);C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(ex

sit

u)

Soi

lS

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;P

CB

s19

9019

95

TH

Agr

icul

ture

and

Nut

riti

on S

ite,

OU

2, G

A37

4T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

x si

tu)

Soi

lP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

- H

alog

enat

ed;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1999

2005

Oth

er E

x S

itu

Soi

l/S

edim

ent

Tre

atm

ent

(33

Pro

ject

s)

Bon

nevi

lle

Pow

er A

dmin

istr

atio

n R

oss

Com

plex

, Ope

rabl

e U

nit A

, WA

22

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)L

and

Tre

atm

ent

Soi

lP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1994

1998

Bro

okha

ven

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

NY

25P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

nS

oil

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

2000

2001

Bro

wn

Woo

d P

rese

rvin

g S

uper

fund

Sit

e, F

L27

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)L

and

Tre

atm

ent

Soi

lP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1989

1995

Bur

ling

ton

Nor

ther

n S

uper

fund

Sit

e,M

N29

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)L

and

Tre

atm

ent

Soi

l;S

ludg

eP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1986

1997

Dub

ose

Oil

Pro

duct

s C

o. S

uper

fund

Sit

e, F

L60

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)C

ompo

stin

gS

oil

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1993

1997

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-1

9

For

t Pol

k R

ange

5, L

A87

Aci

d L

each

ing;

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion(

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lH

eavy

Met

als

1996

2000

For

t Gre

ely,

US

T S

oil P

ile,

AK

83

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)L

and

Tre

atm

ent

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1994

1998

Fre

nch

Ltd

. Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

TX

91B

iore

med

iati

on (

ex s

itu)

Slu

rry

Pha

seS

oil;

Slu

dge

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Ars

enic

;H

eavy

Met

als

1992

1995

Haz

en R

esea

rch

Cen

ter

and

Min

ergy

Gla

ssP

ack

Tes

t Cen

ter,

WI

358

Vit

rifi

cati

on (

ex s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

edim

ent

PC

Bs;

Dio

xins

/Fur

ans;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

2001

2004

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

nvir

onm

enta

l and

Eng

inee

ring

Lab

orat

ory

(IN

EE

L),

ID

116

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

Soi

lR

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9920

01

Joli

et A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

, IL

121

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)S

lurr

y P

hase

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lE

xplo

sive

s/P

rope

llan

ts19

9420

00

Kin

g of

Pru

ssia

Tec

hnic

al C

orpo

rati

onS

uper

fund

Sit

e, N

J12

5S

oil W

ashi

ngS

oil;

Slu

dge

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9319

95

Los

Ala

mos

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

NM

141

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

Soi

l;D

ebri

s/S

lag/

S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1999

2000

Low

ry A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, C

O14

4B

iore

med

iati

on (

ex s

itu)

Lan

d T

reat

men

tS

oil

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1995

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

0

Mas

sach

uset

ts M

ilit

ary

Res

erva

tion

,T

rain

ing

Ran

ge a

nd I

mpa

ct A

rea,

Cap

eC

od, M

A

152

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

onS

oil

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9820

01

Nav

al C

onst

ruct

ion

Bat

tali

on C

ente

rH

ydro

carb

on N

atio

nal T

est S

ite,

CA

190

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)C

ompo

stin

g (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1996

1998

New

Bed

ford

Har

bor

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

New

Bed

ford

, MA

198

Vit

rifi

cati

on (

ex s

itu)

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Sed

imen

tP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2001

New

Bed

ford

Har

bor

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

New

Bed

ford

, MA

195

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Sed

imen

tP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1995

2001

New

Bed

ford

Har

bor

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

New

Bed

ford

, MA

196

Sol

vent

Ext

ract

ion

(ex

situ

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Sed

imen

tP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2001

Nov

arti

s S

ite,

Ont

ario

, Can

ada

199

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)L

and

Tre

atm

ent (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Soi

lP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

1998

Oak

Rid

ge N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y, T

N20

1V

itri

fica

tion

(ex

sit

u) (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

ludg

eH

eavy

Met

als;

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

2000

Pan

tex

Pla

nt, F

irin

g S

ite

5, T

X21

1P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

nS

oil;

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1998

2000

Pee

rles

s C

lean

ers,

WI;

Sta

nnar

dL

aund

ers

and

Dry

Cle

aner

s, W

I21

6B

iore

med

iati

on (

ex s

itu)

Com

post

ing

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01

RM

I T

itan

ium

Com

pany

Ext

rusi

onP

lant

, OH

231

Sol

vent

Ext

ract

ion

(ex

situ

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lR

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9720

00

San

dia

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

orie

s, E

R S

ite

16, N

M24

5P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

nS

oil

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1998

2000

San

dia

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

orie

s, E

R S

ite

228A

, NM

244

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

Soi

lR

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9820

00

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

1

Sco

tt L

umbe

r C

ompa

ny S

uper

fund

Sit

e, M

O25

4B

iore

med

iati

on (

ex s

itu)

Lan

d T

reat

men

tS

oil

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1989

1995

Sou

thea

ster

n W

ood

Pre

serv

ing

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

MS

270

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)S

lurr

y P

hase

Soi

l;S

ludg

eP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1991

1997

Spa

rrev

ohn

Lon

g R

ange

Rad

ar S

tati

on,

AK

272

Sol

vent

Ext

ract

ion

(ex

situ

)S

oil

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9619

98

Sta

uffe

r C

hem

ical

Com

pany

, Tam

pa,

FL

275

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)C

ompo

stin

g (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

l P

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s19

9720

01

Ton

apah

Tes

t Ran

ge, C

lean

Sla

te 2

, NV

282

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

Soi

l;D

ebri

s/S

lag/

Sol

id

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1998

2000

Um

atil

la A

rmy

Dep

ot A

ctiv

ity,

OR

300

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)C

ompo

stin

g (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

lE

xplo

sive

s/P

rope

llan

ts19

9219

95

Um

atil

la A

rmy

Dep

ot A

ctiv

ity,

OR

301

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(ex

sit

u)C

ompo

stin

gS

oil

Exp

losi

ves/

Pro

pell

ants

1994

1997

Pu

mp

an

d T

reat

(50

Pro

ject

s)

Am

oco

Pet

role

um P

ipel

ine,

MI

7P

ump

and

Tre

at;

Air

Spa

rgin

gG

roun

dwat

er;

LN

AP

Ls

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1988

1995

Bai

rd a

nd M

cGui

re S

uper

fund

Sit

e,M

A16

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1993

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

2

Bof

ors

Nob

el S

uper

fund

Sit

e, O

U 1

,M

I21

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

1998

Cha

rnoc

k W

ellf

ield

, San

ta M

onic

a, C

A37

Pum

p an

d T

reat

;C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(ex

situ

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Dri

nkin

gW

ater

MT

BE

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1998

2001

Cit

y In

dust

ries

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

FL

41P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;K

eton

es;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

1998

Coa

stal

Sys

tem

s S

tati

on, A

OC

1, F

L44

Pum

p an

d T

reat

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1997

1998

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay, S

outh

Tac

oma

Cha

nnel

Wel

l 12A

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

WA

46P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

19

8819

95

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay, S

outh

Tac

oma

Cha

nnel

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

WA

47P

ump

and

Tre

at;

SV

EG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

l;D

NA

PL

s;L

NA

PL

s

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1998

2001

Des

Moi

nes

TC

E S

uper

fund

Sit

e, O

U1,

IA

54P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; DC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed

1987

1998

For

mer

Fir

esto

ne F

acil

ity

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

CA

73P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1986

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

3

For

t Lew

is L

ogis

tics

Cen

ter,

WA

85P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9520

00

Ft.

Dru

m, F

uel D

ispe

nsin

g A

rea

1595

,N

Y81

Pum

p an

d T

reat

;F

ree

Pro

duct

Rec

over

yG

roun

dwat

er;

LN

AP

Ls

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1995

JMT

Fac

ilit

y R

CR

A S

ite

(for

mer

lyB

lack

& D

ecke

r R

CR

A S

ite)

, NY

119

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1988

1998

Kee

fe E

nvir

onm

enta

l Ser

vice

sS

uper

fund

Sit

e, N

H12

2P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1993

1998

Kin

g of

Pru

ssia

Tec

hnic

al C

orpo

rati

onS

uper

fund

Sit

e, N

J12

6P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1995

1998

Lac

ross

e, K

S12

7P

ump

and

Tre

atD

rink

ing

Wat

erB

TE

X; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;M

TB

E;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1997

2001

Lan

gley

Air

For

ce B

ase,

IR

P S

ite

4,V

A12

8P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

er;

LN

AP

Ls

BT

EX

; Pet

role

umH

ydro

carb

ons;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1992

1995

LaS

alle

Ele

ctri

cal S

uper

fund

Sit

e, I

L12

9P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1992

1998

Law

renc

e L

iver

mor

e N

atio

nal

Lab

orat

ory

(LL

NL

) S

ite

300

- G

ener

alS

ervi

ces

Are

a (G

SA

) O

pera

ble

Uni

t,C

A

134

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil;

DN

AP

Ls

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9119

98

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

4

Mar

ine

Cor

ps B

ase,

OU

1 a

nd 2

, Cam

pL

ejeu

ne, N

C14

9P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CB

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;P

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;H

eavy

Met

als;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1995

2001

Mar

ine

Cor

ps B

ase,

Cam

pbel

l Str

eet

Fue

l Far

m, C

amp

Lej

eune

, NC

150

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1996

2001

McC

lell

an A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, O

pera

ble

Uni

t B/C

, CA

153

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

8819

95

Mid

-Sou

th W

ood

Pro

duct

s S

uper

fund

Sit

e, A

R15

8P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erS

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;P

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als;

Ars

enic

1989

1998

Mys

tery

Bri

dge

at H

wy

20 S

uper

fund

Sit

e, D

ow/D

SI

Fac

ilit

y -

Vol

atil

eH

alog

enat

ed O

rgan

ic (

VH

O)

Plu

me,

WY

181

Pum

p an

d T

reat

;S

VE

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9419

98

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on, B

runs

wic

k, E

aste

rnG

roun

dwat

er P

lum

e, M

E

185

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9520

01

Ode

ssa

Chr

omiu

m I

IS S

uper

fund

Sit

e,O

U 2

, TX

204

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9319

98

Ode

ssa

Chr

omiu

m I

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

OU

2, T

X20

3P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erH

eavy

Met

als

1993

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

5

Off

utt A

FB

, Sit

e L

F-1

2, N

E20

5P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1997

1998

Old

Mil

l Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

OH

207

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1989

1998

Ott

/Sto

ry/C

ordo

va S

uper

fund

Sit

e,N

orth

Mus

kego

n, M

I20

8P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Pes

tici

des/

Her

bici

des

1996

2001

Pad

ucah

Gas

eous

Dif

fusi

on P

lant

, KY

344

Pum

p an

d T

reat

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erR

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s 1

999

2002

Pin

ella

s N

orth

east

Sit

e, F

L21

9P

ump

and

Tre

at (

Mem

bran

eF

iltr

atio

n -

Per

Vap

TM

) (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1995

1998

Pop

e A

FB

, Sit

e S

S-0

7, B

lue

Ram

pS

pill

Sit

e, N

C22

2P

ump

and

Tre

at;

Fre

e P

rodu

ct R

ecov

ery

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

sP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1993

1998

Pop

e A

FB

, Sit

e F

T-0

1, N

C22

1P

ump

and

Tre

at;

Fre

e P

rodu

ct R

ecov

ery

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

sP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1993

1998

Roc

kaw

ay, N

J 23

3P

ump

and

Tre

atD

rink

ing

Wat

erM

TB

E; B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1980

2001

SC

RD

I D

ixia

na S

uper

fund

Sit

e, S

C25

5P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1992

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

6

Sha

w A

FB

, Sit

es S

D-2

9 an

d S

T-3

0, S

C26

0P

ump

and

Tre

at;

Fre

e P

rodu

ct R

ecov

ery

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

sP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1995

1998

Sha

w A

FB

, Sit

e O

T-1

6B, S

C25

9P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1995

1998

Sol

Lyn

n/In

dust

rial

Tra

nsfo

rmer

sS

uper

fund

Sit

e, T

X26

5P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1993

1998

Sol

id S

tate

Cir

cuit

s S

uper

fund

Sit

e,M

O26

6P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1993

1998

Sol

vent

Rec

over

y S

ervi

ces

of N

ewE

ngla

nd, I

nc. S

uper

fund

Sit

e, C

T26

7P

ump

and

Tre

at;

Con

tain

men

t - B

arri

er W

alls

Gro

undw

ater

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1995

1998

Syl

vest

er/G

ilso

n R

oad

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

NH

276

Pum

p an

d T

reat

;C

onta

inm

ent -

Bar

rier

Wal

ls;

Con

tain

men

t - C

aps;

SV

E

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

sV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;K

eton

es;

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1982

1998

Tac

ony

War

ehou

se, P

A27

8P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1998

2000

Tw

in C

itie

s A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

,M

N28

4P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1987

1995

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

7

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y K

ansa

sC

ity

Pla

nt, M

O29

0P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

PC

Bs;

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1983

1995

U.S

. Avi

ex S

uper

fund

Sit

e, M

I28

6P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

; V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1993

1998

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y S

avan

nah

Riv

er S

ite,

A/M

Are

a, S

C29

7P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1985

1995

Uni

on C

hem

ical

Com

pany

Sup

erfu

ndS

ite,

ME

302

Pum

p an

d T

reat

;C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

situ

);S

VE

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2001

Uni

ted

Chr

ome

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

OR

303

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

8819

98

Wes

tern

Pro

cess

ing

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

WA

312

Pum

p an

d T

reat

;C

onta

inm

ent -

Bar

rier

Wal

lsG

roun

dwat

er;

LN

AP

Ls;

DN

AP

Ls

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;P

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als

1988

1998

In S

itu

Gro

un

dw

ater

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(46

Pro

ject

s)

Aba

ndon

ed M

anuf

actu

ring

Fac

ilit

y -

Em

eryv

ille

, CA

2B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

; H

eavy

Met

als

1997

2000

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

8

Alt

us A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, L

andf

ill 3

(L

F 3

),O

K33

8B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed 2

000

2003

Avc

o L

ycom

ing

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

PA

14B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1997

2000

Bal

four

Roa

d S

ite,

CA

; Fou

rth

Pla

inS

ervi

ce S

tati

on S

ite,

WA

; Ste

ve’s

Sta

ndar

d an

d G

olde

n B

elt 6

6 S

ite,

KS

17B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erB

TE

X;

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1995

1998

Bro

wnf

ield

Sit

e, C

hatt

anoo

ga, T

N(s

peci

fic

site

nam

e no

t ide

ntif

ied)

28B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erM

TB

E; B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d19

9920

01

Con

tem

pora

ry C

lean

ers,

Orl

ando

. FL

49B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(H

RC

)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01

Cor

dray

's G

roce

ry, R

aven

el, S

C50

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(OR

C)

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

; MT

BE

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1998

2001

Dov

er A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, A

rea

6, D

E56

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9620

00

Dov

er A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, A

rea

6, D

E55

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

19

9620

02

Edw

ards

Air

For

ce B

ase,

CA

63B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9620

00

For

mer

Ind

ustr

ial P

rope

rty,

CA

37

2B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

2000

2004

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-2

9

Fre

nch

Ltd

. Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

TX

92B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1992

1998

Gas

Sta

tion

, Che

shir

e, C

T (

spec

ific

sit

ena

me

not i

dent

ifie

d)94

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;M

TB

EV

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1997

2001

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A96

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1995

2000

Hay

den

Isla

nd C

lean

ers,

Por

tlan

d, O

R10

5B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(H

RC

)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

Tes

t Are

aN

orth

, ID

115

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2002

ITT

Roa

noke

Sit

e, V

A11

8B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

98N

ot P

rovi

ded

400

Bio

rem

edia

iton

(in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; PC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed19

9920

07

Law

renc

e L

iver

mor

e N

atio

nal

Lab

orat

ory,

CA

133

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

MT

BE

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

dN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

Lib

by G

roun

dwat

er S

uper

fund

Sit

e,M

T13

6B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on;

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1991

1998

Mof

fett

Fie

ld S

uper

fund

Sit

e, C

A16

2B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

8620

00

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

0

Mos

s-A

mer

ican

Sit

e, W

I36

9B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on;

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er

Gro

undw

ater

PA

Hs;

S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d,

2000

2004

Mul

tipl

e D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

174

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(HR

C)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

Mul

tipl

e (4

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

- I

n Si

tuB

iore

med

iati

on, V

ario

us L

ocat

ions

346

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;B

TE

X; M

TB

E

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

200

2

2003

Mul

tipl

e (4

) D

ry C

lean

er s

ites

- I

n S

itu

Bio

rem

edia

tion

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns38

4B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onS

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Vol

atil

es-S

emih

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

200

0

2005

Mul

tipl

e (5

) D

ry C

lean

er s

ites

- I

n S

itu

Bio

rem

edia

tion

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns38

3B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onS

oil;

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

s

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

200

1

2005

Nat

iona

l Env

iron

men

tal T

echn

olog

yT

est S

ite,

CA

37

1B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erM

TB

E20

0120

04

Nav

al W

eapo

ns S

tati

on S

eal B

each

, CA

194

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil;

LN

AP

Ls

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1997

2000

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on N

ew F

uel F

arm

Sit

e,N

V

360

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)B

iove

ntin

g;

Fre

e P

rodu

ct R

ecov

ery

Gro

undw

ater

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

LN

AP

Ls

Not

Pro

vide

d20

04

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

1

Nav

al W

eapo

ns I

ndus

tria

l Res

erve

Pla

nt (

NW

IRP

) , T

X31

5B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E, V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2002

Nav

al B

ase

Ven

tura

Cou

nty,

CA

352

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2004

Off

utt A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, N

E33

9B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

roun

dwat

erT

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Not

pro

vide

d20

03

Pin

ella

s N

orth

east

Sit

e, F

L21

8B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9719

98

Sav

anna

h R

iver

Sit

e S

anit

ary

Lan

dfil

l(S

LF

), S

C

362

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2004

Sav

anna

h R

iver

Sit

e, S

C25

0B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

edim

ent

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1992

2000

Ser

vice

Sta

tion

, CA

(sp

ecif

ic s

ite

nam

eno

t ide

ntif

ied)

256

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(OR

C)

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

; MT

BE

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01

Ser

vice

Sta

tion

, Lak

e G

enev

a, W

I(s

peci

fic

site

nam

e no

t ide

ntif

ied)

257

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(OR

C)

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

; MT

BE

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01

Sit

e A

(ac

tual

nam

e co

nfid

enti

al),

NY

263

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

;P

ump

and

Tre

at;

Air

Spa

rgin

g;S

VE

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1995

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

2

Sou

th B

each

Mar

ine,

Hil

ton

Hea

d, S

C26

8B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

onG

roun

dwat

erP

AH

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d;B

TE

X;

MT

BE

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1999

2001

Spe

cifi

c si

te n

ame

not i

dent

ifie

d30

4B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(B

ench

Sca

le)

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lM

TB

E;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

dN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

Tex

as G

ulf

Coa

st S

ite,

TX

279

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1995

2000

U.S

. Nav

y C

onst

ruct

ion

Bat

tali

onC

ente

r, P

ort H

uene

me,

CA

299

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

MT

BE

;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1998

2001

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y S

avan

nah

Riv

er S

ite,

M A

rea,

SC

298

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

; S

edim

ent

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1992

1997

Van

denb

erg

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Lom

poc,

CA

305

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

MT

BE

; BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1999

2001

Wat

erto

wn

Sit

e, M

A31

1B

iore

med

iati

on (

in s

itu)

Enh

ance

d B

iore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2000

Oth

er I

n S

itu

Gro

un

dw

ater

Tre

atm

ent

(86

Pro

ject

s)

328

Sit

e, C

A1

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion;

F

ract

urin

gG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lT

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

19

9620

00

A.G

. Com

mun

icat

ion

Sys

tem

s, I

L33

2T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lT

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

199

520

03

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

3

Abe

rdee

n P

rovi

ng G

roun

ds, E

dgew

ood

Are

a J

- F

ield

Sit

e, M

D3

Phy

tore

med

iati

on(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

19

9620

02

Am

cor

Pre

cast

, UT

6In

-Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng;

SV

EG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;

PA

Hs;

S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1992

1995

Bro

okha

ven

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

NY

26In

-Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

19

9920

02

But

ler

Cle

aner

s, J

acks

onvi

lle,

FL

30C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)(K

MnO

4)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

; B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01

Cam

p L

ejeu

ne M

arin

e C

orps

Bas

e,B

ldg

25, C

amp

Lej

eune

, NC

31F

lush

ing

(in

situ

) (S

EA

R a

ndP

ITT

)G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9920

01

Cap

e C

anav

eral

Air

For

ce S

tati

on,

Lau

nch

Com

plex

34,

FL

340

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lD

NA

PL

s

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9920

03

Car

swel

l Air

For

ce B

ase,

TX

34P

hyto

rem

edia

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9620

02

Cha

rles

ton

Nav

al C

ompl

ex, A

OC

607

,S

C37

8T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed20

0120

05

Cle

ar C

reek

/Cen

tral

Cit

y S

uper

fund

site

, CO

326

Phy

tore

med

iati

on (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erH

eavy

Met

als

199

420

02

Con

fide

ntia

l Man

ufac

turi

ng F

acil

ity,

IL

48T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

l;D

NA

PL

s

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1998

2000

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

4

Con

fide

ntia

l Mar

ylan

d S

ite,

MD

388

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

DC

E;

Exp

losi

ves/

Pro

pell

ants

;T

CE

; PC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed

2003

2006

Def

ense

Sup

ply

Cen

ter,

Aci

dN

eutr

aliz

atio

n P

it, V

A53

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E;

DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1997

2000

Del

Nor

te C

ount

y P

esti

cide

Sto

rage

Are

a S

uper

fund

Sit

e, C

A (

Air

Spa

rgin

gan

d P

ump

and

Tre

at)

359

Air

Spa

rgin

g;

SV

EG

roun

dwat

erP

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s;S

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;H

eavy

Met

als

1990

2004

Ead

dy B

roth

ers,

Hem

ingw

ay, S

C61

Air

Spa

rgin

g;

SV

EG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lB

TE

X; M

TB

EV

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

1999

2001

395

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

Ars

enic

; Hea

vy M

etal

s20

0520

07

Edw

ard

Sea

rs S

ite,

NJ

62P

hyto

rem

edia

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;B

TE

X; V

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1996

2002

Eig

ht S

ervi

ce S

tati

ons,

MD

(sp

ecif

icsi

tes

not i

dent

ifie

d)65

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

LN

AP

Ls

BT

EX

; MT

BE

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d19

9020

01

403

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed20

0220

07

Fer

nald

Env

iron

men

tal M

anag

emen

tP

roje

ct, O

H70

Flu

shin

g (i

n si

tu)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erH

eavy

Met

als

1998

2001

For

mer

Sag

es D

ry C

lean

ers,

Jack

sonv

ille

, FL

78F

lush

ing

(in

situ

) (E

than

olC

o-so

lven

t)G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

For

mer

Nu

Loo

k O

ne H

our

Cle

aner

s,C

oral

Spr

ings

, FL

77In

-Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng(N

oVO

CsT

M)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

5

For

mer

Int

ersi

l, In

c. S

ite,

CA

74P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

;P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; DC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed19

9519

98

For

t Dev

ens,

AO

Cs

43G

and

43J

, MA

80M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

LN

AP

Ls

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1997

2000

For

t Ric

hard

son,

AK

331

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lD

NA

PL

s;O

ff-g

ases

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1999

2003

Fou

r S

ervi

ce S

tati

ons

(spe

cifi

c si

tena

mes

not

iden

tifi

ed)

90A

ir S

parg

ing

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

; MT

BE

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d19

9320

01

Fry

Can

yon,

UT

93P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erR

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s;H

eavy

Met

als

1997

2000

Gol

d C

oast

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

FL

95A

ir S

parg

ing;

P

ump

and

Tre

atG

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1994

1998

Han

ford

Sit

e, 1

00-H

and

100

-D A

reas

,W

A10

1C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9520

00

Mul

tipl

e (3

) N

aval

Fac

ilit

ies

- In

Sit

uC

hem

ical

Red

ucti

on, V

ario

us L

ocat

ions

389

Che

mic

al R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u,na

nosc

ale

zero

-val

ent i

ron)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

,D

NA

PL

sD

CE

; TC

E; P

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

Not

Pro

vide

d20

06

Hun

ter’

s P

oint

Shi

p Y

ard,

Par

cel C

,R

emed

ial U

nit C

4, C

A35

7C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed20

0220

04

ICN

Pha

rmac

euti

cals

, OR

334

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

;S

VE

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

DN

AP

Ls

TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

2000

2003

Joha

nnse

n C

lean

ers,

Leb

anon

, OR

120

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

6

Kee

sler

Air

For

ce B

ase

Ser

vice

Sta

tion

,A

OC

-A (

ST

-06)

, MS

123

Mon

itor

ed N

atur

alA

tten

uati

onG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;H

eavy

Met

als

1997

2000

Kel

ly A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, F

orm

er B

uild

ing

2093

Gas

Sta

tion

, TX

124

Mon

itor

ed N

atur

alA

tten

uati

onG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lB

TE

X;

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1997

2000

Law

renc

e L

iver

mor

e N

atio

nal

Lab

orat

ory

Gas

olin

e S

pill

Sit

e, C

A13

0T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1992

1995

Lor

ing

Air

For

ce B

ase,

Lim

esto

ne, M

E39

2T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E; V

olat

iles

-H

alog

enat

ed20

0220

06

Lou

isia

na A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

, LA

142

Mon

itor

ed N

atur

alA

tten

uati

onG

roun

dwat

erE

xplo

sive

s/P

rope

llan

tsN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

Mar

shal

l Spa

ce F

ligh

t Cen

ter,

AL

336

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

insi

tu);

Fra

ctur

ing;

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed20

0020

03

Mas

sach

uset

ts M

ilit

ary

Res

erva

tion

,C

S-1

0 P

lum

e, M

A15

9In

-Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng (

UV

Ban

d N

oVO

Cs)

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9620

02

McC

lell

an A

ir F

orce

Bas

e (A

FB

), O

UA

, CA

151

Air

Spa

rgin

g; B

iore

med

iati

on(i

n si

tu)

Enh

ance

dB

iore

med

iati

on (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

TC

E; D

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2001

Mia

mis

burg

, OH

343

Air

Spa

rgin

g;S

VE

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1997

2001

Mil

an A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

, TN

157

Phy

tore

med

iati

on (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erE

xplo

sive

s/P

rope

llan

ts19

9620

00

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

7

Mof

fett

Fie

ld S

uper

fund

Sit

e, C

A16

3P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2000

Mof

fett

Fed

eral

Air

fiel

d, C

A16

1P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

1998

Mon

tice

llo

Mil

l Tai

ling

s S

ite,

Mon

tice

llo,

UT

164

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

Met

als

1999

2001

Mul

tipl

e D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

171

Air

Spa

rgin

g;

SV

EG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lD

NA

PL

s

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

, 200

2

Mul

tipl

e (1

0) S

ites

- A

ir S

parg

ing,

Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns34

2A

ir S

parg

ing

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

TC

E; P

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nat

ed; B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;M

TB

E; P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s

Var

ious

year

s20

02

Mul

tipl

e A

ir F

orce

Sit

es17

7M

ulti

Pha

se E

xtra

ctio

n (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

sP

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;B

TE

X;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01

Mul

tipl

e A

ir F

orce

Sit

es17

8M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1993

1999

Mul

tipl

e A

ir F

orce

Sit

es17

9M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;P

etro

leum

Hyd

roca

rbon

s;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1993

1999

Mul

tipl

e D

oD S

ites

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns34

7P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erV

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Var

ious

year

s20

03

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

8

Mul

tipl

e (2

) D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

, Var

ious

Loc

atio

ns32

4C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

er;

Den

seN

on-a

queo

usP

hase

Liq

uids

(DN

AP

Ls)

PC

E; T

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

199

8

2003

Mul

tipl

e (2

) D

ry C

lean

ers

- In

Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng

364

In-W

ell A

ir S

trip

ping

Soi

l;G

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9420

04

Mul

tipl

e D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

175

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9920

01, 2

002

Mul

tipl

e D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

173

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion;

Pum

p an

d T

reat

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil;

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

Not

Pro

vide

d20

01, 2

002

Mul

tipl

e S

ites

167

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ull s

cale

and

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9120

02

Mul

tipl

e S

ites

166

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ull s

cale

and

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s;A

rsen

ic

1997

2002

Mul

tipl

e S

ites

169

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er

(Ful

l sca

le a

nd F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s;A

rsen

ic

1995

2002

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-3

9

Mul

tipl

e S

ites

170

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ull s

cale

and

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s;P

esti

cide

s/H

erbi

cide

s

1995

2002

Mul

tipl

e S

ites

168

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

er(F

ull s

cale

and

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s

1995

2002

Mul

tipl

e D

ry C

lean

er S

ites

172

Flu

shin

g (i

n si

tu);

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

;In

-Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

edN

ot P

rovi

ded

2001

Mul

tipl

e (4

) D

ry C

lean

er s

ites

- I

n S

itu

Che

mic

al O

xida

tion

385

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil;

DN

AP

Ls

DC

E; P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

Var

ious

year

s -

star

ting

200

1

2005

402

Phy

tore

med

iati

on (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erD

CE

; PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2007

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on -

Joi

nt R

eser

ve B

ase

For

t Wor

th, T

X34

Phy

tore

med

iati

on (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erT

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

1996

2005

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on, P

ensa

cola

, FL

187

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

; Vol

atil

es-

Hal

ogen

ated

1998

2001

Nav

al S

ubm

arin

e B

ase,

Kin

gs B

ay, G

A19

3C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

situ

);M

onit

ored

Nat

ural

Att

enua

tion

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9920

01

Nav

al S

ubm

arin

e B

ase,

Kin

gs B

ay, G

A19

2C

hem

ical

Oxi

dati

on/R

educ

tion

(in

sit

u)G

roun

dwat

erP

CE

; TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1998

2000

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

0

Nav

al A

ir E

ngin

eeri

ng S

tati

on (

NA

ES

)S

ite

(Are

a I)

, NJ

353

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

Gro

undw

ater

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed20

0220

04

Nav

al A

mph

ibio

us B

ase

Lit

tle

Cre

ek,

Sit

e 11

, GA

375

Flu

shin

g (i

n si

tu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lD

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed20

0220

05

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on, N

orth

Isl

and,

CA

186

In-W

ell A

ir S

trip

ping

(NoV

OC

s) (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E; D

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1998

2000

Nav

al A

ir S

tati

on, P

ensa

cola

, OU

10,

FL

184

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9820

00

Oak

Rid

ge N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y, T

N20

2P

erm

eabl

e R

eact

ive

Bar

rier

-F

unne

l and

Gat

eC

onfi

gura

tion

and

Tre

nch

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

2002

Pin

ella

s N

orth

east

Sit

e, F

L22

0T

herm

al T

reat

men

t (in

sit

u) -

Dua

l Aug

er R

otar

y S

team

Str

ippi

ng (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1996

1998

Por

tsm

outh

Gas

eous

Dif

fusi

on P

lant

,X

-701

B F

acil

ity,

OH

226

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Gro

undw

ater

;D

NA

PL

sT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1988

2000

RM

I T

itan

ium

Pla

nt, A

shta

bula

Env

iron

men

tal M

anag

emen

t Pro

ject

,O

H

232

Flu

shin

g (i

n si

tu)

(WID

E)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lT

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s

1999

2001

Sco

tchm

an #

94, F

lore

nce,

SC

253

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion;

Air

Spa

rgin

g;S

VE

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

PA

Hs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted;

BT

EX

;M

TB

E;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1998

2001

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

1

Sit

e 88

, Bui

ldin

g 25

, Mar

ine

Cor

psB

ase

Cam

p L

ejeu

ne, N

C14

7F

lush

ing

(in

situ

) (S

EA

R)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls;

LN

AP

Ls

Pet

role

um H

ydro

carb

ons;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;P

CE

;V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1999

2001

Sou

th P

rude

nce

Bay

Isl

and

Par

k, T

-D

ock

Sit

e, P

orts

mou

th, R

I26

9A

ir S

parg

ing;

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)E

nhan

ced

Bio

rem

edia

tion

Gro

undw

ater

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1998

2001

Spa

rks

Sol

vent

s/F

uel S

ite,

Spa

rks,

NV

271

Mul

ti P

hase

Ext

ract

ion

Gro

undw

ater

;L

NA

PL

sB

TE

X; M

TB

E;

Vol

atil

es-N

onha

loge

nate

d;P

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed

1995

2001

Tin

kham

's G

arag

e S

uper

fund

Sit

e, N

H28

1M

ulti

Pha

se E

xtra

ctio

nG

roun

dwat

er;

Soi

lP

CE

; TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed19

9420

00

U.S

. Coa

st G

uard

Sup

port

Cen

ter,

NC

287

Per

mea

ble

Rea

ctiv

e B

arri

erG

roun

dwat

er;

DN

AP

Ls

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Hea

vy M

etal

s

1996

1998

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y S

avan

nah

Riv

er S

ite,

A/M

Are

a, S

C29

4In

-Wel

l Air

Str

ippi

ng;

Pum

p an

d T

reat

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

;S

oil

DN

AP

Ls

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

1990

1995

Vis

alia

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite,

CA

309

The

rmal

Tre

atm

ent (

in s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)G

roun

dwat

erS

emiv

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

;S

emiv

olat

iles

-N

onha

loge

nate

d

1997

2000

Wes

tove

r A

ir R

eser

ve B

ase,

MA

377

Phy

tore

med

iati

on;

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(in

sit

u)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Sto

rmw

ater

Sem

ivol

atil

es-

Non

halo

gena

ted

2001

2005

Deb

ris/

Sol

id M

edia

Tre

atm

ent

(28

Pro

ject

s)

Ala

bam

a A

rmy

Am

mun

itio

n P

lant

, AL

4T

herm

al D

esor

ptio

n (e

xsi

tu)(

Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)D

ebri

s/S

lag/

Sol

id

Exp

losi

ves/

Pro

pell

ants

1995

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

2

Arg

onne

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

- E

ast,

IL9

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

(Sca

bbli

ng)

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

sN

ot P

rovi

ded

2000

Arg

onne

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

- E

ast,

IL11

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

(Con

cret

e D

emol

itio

n) (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9720

00

Arg

onne

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

IL

10S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(Pho

spha

te B

onde

dC

eram

ics)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;G

roun

dwat

er

Hea

vy M

etal

sN

ot P

rovi

ded

2000

Chi

cago

Pil

e 5

(CP

-5)

Res

earc

hR

eact

or, A

rgon

ne N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y,IL

38P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

n(C

entr

ifug

al S

hot B

last

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9719

98

Chi

cago

Pil

e 5

(CP

-5)

Res

earc

hR

eact

or, A

rgon

ne N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y,IL

39P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

n (R

otar

yP

eeni

ng w

ith

Cap

tive

Sho

t)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9719

98

Chi

cago

Pil

e 5

(CP

-5)

Res

earc

hR

eact

or, A

rgon

ne N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y,IL

40P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

n (R

oto

Pee

n S

cale

r w

ith

VA

C-P

AC

R

Sys

tem

)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9619

98

Cle

mso

n U

nive

rsit

y, S

C42

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(S

inte

ring

) (B

ench

Sca

le)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9520

00

Env

iroc

are

of U

tah,

UT

67S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(Fi

eld

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9619

98

Fer

nald

Sit

e, O

H71

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

(Sof

tM

edia

Bla

stin

g)(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1996

2000

Han

ford

Sit

e, C

Rea

ctor

, WA

102

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(P

olym

er C

oati

ng)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

1998

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

3

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A97

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion(

Con

cret

eG

rind

er)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

2000

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A98

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

(Con

cret

e S

have

r) (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

2000

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A99

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

(Con

cret

e S

pall

er)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1998

2000

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A10

0S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(Pol

yest

er R

esin

s) (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;G

roun

dwat

er

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als;

Hea

vy M

etal

s;A

rsen

ic

Not

Pro

vide

d20

00

Han

ford

Sit

e, W

A10

3P

hysi

cal S

epar

atio

n;S

olve

nt E

xtra

ctio

n(U

ltra

soni

c B

aths

) (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1998

1998

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

ID

110

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(I

nnov

ativ

e G

rout

ing

and

Ret

riev

al)

(Ful

l sca

le a

ndF

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

; S

oil

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1994

2000

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

ID

109

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(D

eHgS

M P

roce

ss)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9820

00

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

ID

113

Phy

sica

l Sep

arat

ion

(Wal

lS

cabb

ler)

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Hea

vy M

etal

s20

0020

01

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

ID

112

Vit

rifi

cati

on (

ex s

itu)

(Gra

phit

e F

urna

ce)

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;O

rgan

icL

iqui

ds; S

oil

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9720

00

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

4

Idah

o N

atio

nal E

ngin

eeri

ng a

ndE

nvir

onm

enta

l Lab

orat

ory,

Pit

2, I

D11

1S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(Pol

ysil

oxan

e) (

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;G

roun

dwat

er

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9720

00

Law

renc

e L

iver

mor

e N

atio

nal

Lab

orat

ory,

CA

132

Che

mic

alO

xida

tion

/Red

ucti

on (

ex s

itu)

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;G

roun

dwat

er

PC

E; T

CE

; V

olat

iles

-Hal

ogen

ated

PC

Bs;

Sem

ivol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Exp

losi

ves/

Pro

pell

ants

Not

Pro

vide

d20

00

Los

Ala

mos

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

NM

139

Sol

idif

icat

ion/

Sta

bili

zati

on(A

DA

Pro

cess

) (F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9820

00

Los

Ala

mos

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

Tec

hnic

al A

rea

33, N

M14

0S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

ludg

eH

eavy

Met

als;

DC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

2000

Pac

ific

Nor

thw

est N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y,W

A21

0S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(Sol

Gel

Pro

cess

) (B

ench

Sca

le)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;G

roun

dwat

er

Hea

vy M

etal

sN

ot P

rovi

ded

2000

Por

tsm

outh

Gas

eous

Dif

fusi

on P

lant

,O

H22

4S

olid

ific

atio

n/S

tabi

liza

tion

(AT

G P

roce

ss)(

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Org

anic

Liq

uids

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9820

00

Sav

anna

h R

iver

Sit

e, S

C24

9A

cid

Lea

chin

g(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1996

2000

ST

AR

Cen

ter,

ID

274

Vit

rifi

cati

on (

ex s

itu)

(P

lasm

aP

roce

ss)(

Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

;S

oil;

Slu

dge

Hea

vy M

etal

s;R

adio

acti

ve M

etal

s19

9320

00

Con

tain

men

t (7

Pro

ject

s)

Dov

er A

ir F

orce

Bas

e, G

roun

dwat

erR

emed

iati

on F

ield

Lab

orat

ory

Nat

iona

lT

est S

ite,

Dov

er D

E

58C

onta

inm

ent -

Bar

rier

Wal

ls(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Gro

undw

ater

-19

9620

01

AP

PE

ND

IX A

. S

UM

MA

RY

OF

393

CA

SE

ST

UD

IES

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Sit

e N

ame,

Loc

atio

n

Cas

eS

tud

yID

Tec

hn

olog

y *†

Med

iaC

onta

min

ants

Yea

rO

per

atio

nB

egan

Yea

rP

ub

lish

ed

A-4

5

Law

renc

e L

iver

mor

e N

atio

nal

Lab

orat

ory

(LL

NL

) S

ite

300

- P

it 6

Lan

dfil

l OU

, CA

131

Con

tain

men

t - C

aps

Deb

ris/

Sla

g/S

olid

TC

E;

Vol

atil

es-H

alog

enat

ed;

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1997

1998

Mar

ine

Cor

ps B

ase

Haw

aii,

HI

148

Con

tain

men

t - C

aps

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

l-

1994

1998

Nav

al S

hipy

ard,

CA

191

Con

tain

men

t - C

aps

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil

BT

EX

;V

olat

iles

-Non

halo

gena

ted

1997

1998

Oak

Rid

ge N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y, T

N20

0C

onta

inm

ent -

Bar

rier

Wal

ls(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

Soi

l;S

edim

ent;

Gro

undw

ater

Rad

ioac

tive

Met

als

1996

2000

San

dia

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory,

Alb

uque

rque

, NM

247

Con

tain

men

t - C

aps

(Fie

ldD

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil

-19

9520

01

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nerg

y, S

EG

Fac

ilit

ies,

TN

252

Con

tain

men

t - B

arri

er W

alls

(Fie

ld D

emon

stra

tion

)S

oil

-19

9419

97

Ex

Sit

u A

cid

Roc

k D

rain

age

Tre

atm

ent

(3 P

roje

cts)

Cop

per

Bas

in M

inin

g D

istr

ict,

TN

397

Bio

rem

edia

tion

(F

ield

Dem

onst

rati

on)

AM

D/A

RD

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

9820

07

Lev

iath

an M

ine,

CA

398

Bio

rem

edia

tion

AM

D/A

RD

Hea

vy M

etal

s20

0320

07

Lev

iath

an M

ine,

CA

399

Che

mic

al P

reci

pita

tion

AM

D/A

RD

Hea

vy M

etal

s19

99

2007

* Fu

ll sc

ale

unle

ss o

ther

wis

e no

ted

† T

echn

olog

y fo

cuse

d on

in c

ase

stud

y li

sted

fir

st, f

ollo

wed

by

othe

r te

chno

logi

es id

enti

fied

in th

e ca

se s

tudy

Key

:D

NA

PL

s=

D

ense

Non

-Aqu

eous

Pha

se L

iqui

dsT

CE

=

Tri

chlo

roet

hene

AR

D=

A

cid

Roc

k D

rain

age

SV

E=

S

oil V

apor

Ext

ract

ion

PC

E=

T

etra

chlo

roet

hene

AM

D=

A

cid

Min

e D

rain

age

BT

EX

=

Ben

zene

, Tol

uene

, Eth

ylbe

nzen

e, a

nd X

ylen

eD

CE

=

Dic

hlor

oeth

ene

PA

Hs

=

Pol

ycyc

lic

Aro

mat

ic H

ydro

carb

ons

LN

AP

Ls

Lig

ht N

on-A

queo

us P

hase

Liq

uids

PC

Bs

=

Pol

ychl

orin

ated

Bip

heny

lsM

TB

E=

M

ethy

l ter

t-bu

tyl e

ther

Solid Waste and EPA 542-R-07-004Emergency Response August 2007(5203P) www.epa.gov

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Documents

Abstracts of Remediation Case Studies › pdf › volume11 Final 2007.pdf · all the case studies on the Web site, and includes pick lists for media treated, contaminant types, primary