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Page 1: Abstracts and CVS

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Page 5: Abstracts and CVS

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Page 6: Abstracts and CVS

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Research abstracts and C.V

The legislative Side and the Role of The Gulf Cooperation Council For The Arab Gulf countries in Support of Electronic Transactions and e-

commerce

Prepared by: Dr. Sulaiman Bin Mohammed Al Shiddi

Thanks for ALLAH the LORD of everybody and peace be upon our Prophet Mohammad, the most dignified among prophets, his family and comrades all..

Setting a legal environment for investment is generally considered a crucial issue and this is to be ascertained once the investment is reset with information, data, programming stuff and e-commerce; that provides a legal cover to obtain confidence, security and privacy needed for such trade and investment in addition to the capital It also helps to attract investment which utilizes both the citizen and the country via transferring the scientific technology and the technology bearers to the country and teaches the citizen how to work with them so that he benefits from them financially, serviceably and scientifically.

This e-commerce and investment cannot be established in a legal vacuum without the approval and the control of law which reveals the conclusion of the rules, the rules of proof, the rules of implementation, its completion, the responsibility towards commitment to hold them and the applicable law, and the litigation parties who are specialized in considering the disputes around it. So it was necessary to have rules of order for the provisions of the previous issues, and this is what the official bodies in the Gulf countries pursued and that was through the preparation of some relevant regulations such as laws related to information technology, modern business laws and intellectual property rights.

The organization and regulation in this field is necessary but it needs to take into consideration some important principles before its promulgation in order to be model sound rationing. It is not important to the release or modify a system, but it is important to prioritize and follow the studies and tests for regulatory intervention which comes after the

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fulfillment of those principles. Just as the situation requires the issuance of relevant modern regulations, it also requires some amendments to the other relevant regulations, including making it compatible with the requirements of this new investment in the field of info-technology and to keep up with them. The Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab Gulf countries have made pioneering steps relating to the field of regulation and regulatory of E-commerce and transactions issues, and issued a law or more which concerned to support electronic trading and protection of electronic attacks. So the talk in the workshop research will be in three points: Firstly, progress in the field of electronic trading and info-investment requires a strong legal flexible structure, and in order to persuade the institutions and individuals to deal through the electronic media and info-investment, they must be given the confidence, trust, legitimacy of such transactions, support and balanced encouragement to invest in its field, and this can be achieved only through the existence of legal provisions covering the important aspects of this aspect and gives the required legal force.

One study has confirmed that countries which are likely to enter the world of the digital economy are required to provide the appropriate legal environment for electronic commerce; otherwise they will be on the sidelines of the new global economy )٢( . Therefore, this research will deal with the most important points of this area with am assessment of the situation in some Gulf countries in this field. Secondly, the research deals with significant principles that has to be taken into consideration when implementing any rule or justification regarding electronic transactions.

It isn't wise to hasten any new enactments or building managerial organizations before taking into account a number of specific principles that relate to electronic transactions when issuing any system, especially for contracts formatting, identification and saving the parties' freedom and

(1) A study which was prepared by Unctad Organization

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Research abstracts and C.V

rights; for it is not the matter of enhancing and justifying rules but that of prioritizing and studying the dimensions of the issue.

Thirdly, the necessity of adjusting some rules so that they cope up with the requirements of the electronic transactions and info-investment.

From another side, the forensic role and readiness to take decisions for different cases regarding the secured right and the idea of claiming and the awareness of its dimensions and documents, which are computer and digital output, is an important matter that demands displaying and showing the forensic support criteria for money and other used rights in the info-investment.

Therefore, the research is going to focus on three issues:

The first demand: the necessity to issue special rules that support electronic transactions, e- commerce and electronic investing.

The second issue: the role of law in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries in securing electronic transactions, e-commerce and investing which has two sectors:

First, the current situation for the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries' rules and to what extent they suffice in dealing with commerce and info-investment.

Second, the required situation for the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries that are related to e-commerce.

The third issue: the reasoning of the local laws in e-commerce and info-investment and the required law to apply its matters.

Wish you all the best.

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<íéi]„Ö]<�ŠÖ]æ<l^’~×¹]< <

Gisèle ZOUEIN Born on November 13, 1983, in Accra, GHANA Nationality: Lebanese Mobile: 00961 3 987 988 Office: 00961 1 20 21 00 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION • 2009 – Present: PhD in Law – Saint Joseph University, Beirut, and

Université Panthéon - Assas (Paris II), Paris In progress. • 2005- 2008: Postgraduate Degree in Law – Saint Joseph University,

Beirut Postgraduate Degree in Private and Business Law Specialization: Banking law and Financial Markets.

• 2001-2005: Law Degree – Saint Joseph University, Beirut Degree in Private Law with honors

• 1993-2001: Academic Program: French Lebanese Lycée, Nahr Ibrahim Complementary and secondary studies - French Baccalaureate Diploma with Honors - Lebanese Baccalaureate Diploma (Free candidature)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE • July 2005 - Present: Ibrahim NAJJAR law firm Lawyer

Major Fields of expertise:

Civil law, business law, financial markets law, corporate law, real estate

law, personal status and inheritance law, measures of execution, IT law, IP

law, criminal law, local and international arbitration.

• 26-27 January 2009: National Workshop on “Commercial Law as a Tool to Promote Economic Development in Lebanon” organized by the Arab Center for the Development of the Rule of Law and Integrity (ACRLI)

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Research abstracts and C.V

PUBLICATIONS - « Prise de position et obligations du banquier », in the periodic of the

Lebanese Association of Banks, n°2- February 2008, p.67 s.

- « Les contrats à terme face à la précarité des marchés financiers », in the periodic of the Lebanese Association of Banks, n.9 - Septembre 2008.

- « La négociation de la position contractuelle sur le marché financier: Approche juridique », in the periodic of the Lebanese Association of Banks, n.11- November 2008, p. 59 s.

- «Le dénouement de la position contractuelle sur le marché financier», in the periodic of the Lebanese Association of Banks, n.2 - February 2009.

LANGUAGES - Arabic: written and spoken, fluent. - French: written and spoken, fluent. - English: written and spoken, fluent.

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�K;� ��� �����/ �9���� *!#�� 1��� �� G����� .�b6� ?!/ ��� �"�� 9 L!�� ?!/� �� !�� ���"��� 9���� � ���b � 9 R��H �� @�/� �" ���5�B ��"� ���, .��� !�� �������� #���� f� � ��/ 1

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The Lebanese Information technology law proposal An outline and evaluation

Gisèle ZOUEIN Lawyer -Lebanon

The research provides a quick overview of the different phases that the law proposal went through, since the year 2004, for its study and rewording, by the parliamentary commissions and the specialized commissions, as well as the particular effort and interest shown by the Ministry of Justice in the aim of improving it.

The research then provides a description of the proposal’s provisions, starting by its divisions and ending with its content, where the following issues are discussed:

Firstly, the most important general principles consecrated, especially that relating to the equivalence of the electronic support to the paper support and similarly of their legal force and value,

Secondly, the terms and rules of electronic dealing, that being either general terms and rules, i.e. the setting up of a complete electronic evidence regime and the protection of individuals in the e-commerce and e-banking fields, or specific terms and rules, i.e. those relating to banking services, e-signature services, electronic technical services, and websites services,

- And, thirdly, the “electronic signatures and services committee” as established by the proposal,

On another hand, the research discusses the main strengths of the law proposal, i.e. its extensiveness, preciseness, and the important principles and provisions it introduces in the legal and judicial Lebanese system, as well as the main weaknesses of the said proposal, that being the existence of some flaws and gaps in the adopted rules, linguistic and structure of the text,

Finally, the research highlights how the information technology law proposal is an important and remarkable step towards the organization of the Information technology field in Lebanon, with the possibility of its improvement in order to make it much more accurate and thorough.

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Research abstracts and C.V

Yasser Omar Partner, Shalakany Law Office Tel.: +9714 3327879 Fax: +9714 3327870 E-Mail: [email protected]

Education:

2008 International Practice Diploma in International Capital Markets and Loans (March 2008) – College of Law of England and Wales.

2007 International Practice Diploma in International Joint Ventures (March 2007) – College of Law of England and Wales.

2006 International Practice Diploma in International Mergers and Acquisitions (September 2006) – College of Law of England and Wales.

2006 International Practice Diploma in International Business Organizations (March 2006) – College of Law of England and Wales.

2006 International Practice Diploma in International Arbitration Law (March 2006) – College of Law of England and Wales.

1998 Professional Certificate in Legal Translation (Arabic/English and vice versa) from the American University in Cairo.

1997 enrolled for Doctor of Laws degree in Commercial Law at Ein Shams University, Cairo.

1994 LL.M. in International Business Law from the Institute of International Business Law – Cairo University in association with the University of Paris I Sorbonne.

1992 Bachelor of Laws - Ein Shams University, Cairo Egypt.

Admitted:

Egyptian Bar Association: 1994

Legal Training:

1- Training for two months at Dr. Philippe Leboulanger Law Office in France in 1994.

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2- Legal Advisors’ Workshop at Unilever International Management Training Centre, UK.

Memberships:

International Bar Association, UK.

Society of Construction Law, UAE.

Theses: 1- Master thesis “Conditions of Copyright Protection in Egyptian and

French Laws – Comparative Study” (in French). 2- Research theses in Arabic: - “Multinational Companies” - “Petroleum Concessions in Egypt”. - “Islamic Banks” 3- Training report on “Some Practical Aspects of International

Commercial Arbitration” (in French).

Publications:

“International Agency, Distribution and Licensing Agreements in UAE” in the “International Agency, Distribution and Licensing Agreements”, Richard Christou, Sweet & Maxwell, Fifth Edition, 2008, Chapter 21, PP. 915-933.

Professional Experience: 1- Associate lawyer at Dr. Mohammed Zoheir Garana Law Firm, Egypt

(January 1995 to March 1998). 2- Associate lawyer at Shalakany Law Office in Cairo (April to October

1998). 3- Associate lawyer at Shalakany Law Office in Dubai branch (October

1998 to October 1999). 4- Seconded to Unilever Arabia Group of Companies as in-house counsel

in Saudi Arabia for five years (October 1999 to October 2005). 5- Acting as in-house counsel for Unilever Arabia Group of Companies

from October 2005 to August 2006. 6- Acting as external counsel for Unilever Arabia Group of Companies

since August 2006 to date.

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-/� ���.

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A glance at the electronic commerce in UAE

Yasser Omar

Partner, Shalakany Law Office

With the advent of information technology and internet, electronic commerce has steadily gained ground. The increase in the volume of electronic commerce is due to the easy and fast communication between individuals and businesses. The ever increasing reliance on electronic communication transformed the internet into an open market that recognizes no boundaries or barriers. Such open market encourages companies to sell products and offer services on the internet to the consumers and other companies.

The desire to do more business transactions electronically required the legislature in many countries to cope with such development by enacting laws and regulations to regulate such unconventional trade.

In the Arab world, the Emirate of Dubai pioneered the regulation of e-commerce by enacting law No. 2 of 2002 on the Electronic Transactions and Commerce. Following in the steps of Dubai, the UAE Federal Government enacted Law No. 1 of 2006 on the Electronic Transactions and Commerce.

The Law No. 1 of 2006 on the Electronic Transactions and Commerce (the “Law”) sets forth the objectives of the Law, the scope of its application and the areas excluded from the scope of application of the Law.

This study explores the areas excluded from the scope of application of the Law and the impact of such exclusions on the objectives of the Law. It also deals with the authority of the Council of Ministers under the Law in respect of the exclusions.

Given the impact of the exclusions on the scope of application of the Law, we need to evaluate the interrelation between the exclusions and the objectives of the Law. This study concludes with the assessment of the

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Law and the recommendations suggested to develop the Law and bring it to the next stage in its natural progression.

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CURRICULUM- VITAE 1. Name: Dr. MOHAMMED ZAHEERUDDIN

2. Father’s Name: MOHAMMED BAHAUDDIN

3. Date of Birth: 10th June 1965

4. Academic Qualifications: B.Sc., LL.M., Ph.D

5. Present position: Associate Professor, College of Law, UAEU, Al Ain

6. Teaching Experience: Fourteen Years (15) Undergraduate and Post Graduate Courses in Law

7. Academic Distinctions/Awards: Received Gold Medal in LL.M., Justice R.S. Naik Memorial Gold Medal for securing the highest marks in LL.M. examinations.

8. Professional Examinations Passed: (i) Secured State First Position in Judicial Service Examinations held in 1997

for the selection of Junior Civil Judges in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India.

(ii) Selected for the post of Assistant Public Prosecutor in 1998 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh, India.

9. Other Exams : General Course on Intellectual Property Rights from World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) in 2008

10. Publications: (i) Books: Two (2) (a) ‘A Hand Book for Judicial Services Examinations’, 4th Edition, 2006,

Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. (b) ‘A Hand Book for Prosecutors and District Judges Examinations’ 2nd

Edition, 2007, Asia Law House, Hyderabad, A.P. India. (ii) Articles: Five (5)

11. Subjects Taught: Business Law, Labour Law, Personal Laws (Family Law), Law of Evidence and Property Law.

12. Seminars/Workshops Attended: Nine (9) National Seminars 13. Research Experience:

(i). Recognised Research Supervisor for Ph.D. Programme.

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Evidentiary Value of Electronic Transactions

Dr. Mohammed Zaheeruddin, Associate Professor, College of Law,

UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.

Globalisation and the new information and communication technologies are reinforcing the linkages between internal and external trade world over. The twenty first century is belongs to science and technology. Advancement of communication and new digital technology has brought dramatic changes in functioning of people and the world. More particularly, due to the development of new technology, a revolutionary change has come in the field of trade, commerce and industry. In result, the advent of new technology has helped to increase the trade at international level. In other words, the International trade through the medium of e-commerce is growing rapidly in the past few years and many countries have switched over from traditional paper based commerce to e-commerce.

Electronic Commerce can be simply defined as 'conducting business online'. The electronic commerce encompasses all kinds of commercial transactions that are concluded over an electronic medium or network, essentially, the Internet. The some benefits of new technology, like computers, internet and other electronic devices are; It is cost-effective and low-cost to the user; It facilitates interactive voice and video-communication; Internet use reduces transaction costs by increasing efficiency in the use of time and procedures; It is a marketing tool to increase sales as well as to create new business through it and new technology is helping to establish the relation between: (a) Business to consumer; (b) Business to Business; (c) Business to Government and (d) Government to Citizen and others.

The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), a specialized agency of United Nations Organisation in the field of trade and commerce has enacted the following Conventions in order to facilitate electronic commerce; Recommendation on the Legal Value of Computer Records, 1985; UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic

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Commerce,1996; UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures, 2001; United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, 2005; UNCITRAL document Promoting Confidence in Electronic Commerce: and Legal issues on international use of electronic authentication and signature methods, 2007.

The United Arab Emirates is in fifth position in terms of providing electronic transactional survey. The UAE's Federal Law No. (1) of the Electronic Transactions and Commerce, 2006 permits to use the electronic records and signatures in functions such as to accept the deposit or submission of the document their making or keeping in the form of electronic records; to issue any permit or license or decision or acceptance in the form of electronic records; and to accept the fees or any other payment in any electronic form. Inviting tenders or receiving bids pertaining to the governmental purchases in an electronic manner.

The study made in article shows that there is enough protection is provided to electronic form of evidence under the various international instruments. Further, in order to facilitate electronic commerce the UNCITRAL Conventions provides equality to electronic documents, records and communications and the States or adjudicating bodies should not make any discrimination between data message and paper document. The UAE Federal Law No (1) of the Electronic Transactions and Commerce, 2006 Code has followed the Model Law of UNCITRAL in order to give validity to electronic correspondence, equate a electronic record or document with document written and signed, accept electronic message, validate electronic transactions and rely on electronic signatures, certificates and also to recognise foreign electronic certificates and signatures.

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Brief Resume-Professor Abu Bakar Munir Abu Bakar Munir is a Professor of Law and currently the Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Malaya, Malaysia. His areas of interest include ICT Law, and Nanotechnology Law and Policy. He is the author of Cyberlaw: Policies and Challenges (Butterworths Asia, 1999), Privacy and Data Protection (Sweet and Maxwell, 2002), Internet Banking: Law and Practice (Lexis-Nexis, U. K, 2004), and State, Internet and Information: Legal and Regulatory Challenges (in-print) (Thomson Reuters, 2009).

He was seconded as the ICT Law Adviser and Principal Consultant to the Government of Dubai in 1999-2000. There, he led an international team of consultant in developing and drafting the Electronic Facilitation Code, Computer Crimes Code and Data Protection Guidelines to facilitate the Dubai Internet City, a multi-billion dollar IT project.

Professor Abu Bakar has published numerous articles on several aspects of ICT Law and data protection law and policy. One of his recent works is “Googling Data Protection: Don’t Be Evil” [2008] C.T.L.R 183-190. He speaks extensively around the world, including at conferences organized by the Oxford University, MIT and Cambridge University. He is the adviser to the Governments of Malaysia and Indonesia on Personal Data Protection Law. He is also a visiting professor at several universities in the region, and affiliated to several organizations, nationally and internationally.

A Brief CV of Associate Professor Siti Hajar bt. Mohd Yasin

Siti Hajar bt. Mohd Yasin is an Associate Professor of Law, at the Faculty of Law, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor D.E, Malaysia. She has been a full time lecturer at the university for more than twenty years, teaching various fields of laws. She graduated with a degree of Law, LLB (Hons) from the University of Malaya in 1987, received her post-graduate degree in Master in Comparative Laws (MCL) from the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in 1995 and conducted a PhD research on the Internet Service Providers

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Liability at the University of Strahclyde, UK. She also holds a post-graduate diploma in the Shariah Law and Practice from the IIUM. Associate Professor Siti Hajar has researched, published and spoke at conferences, locally and internationally, extensively. Her research interests include the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Law, Nanotechnology Law, Constitutional Law and Environmental Law. At present, she leads a group of researchers from various universities in Malaysia in a research on Nanotechnology: Strategic, Policy and Regulatory challenges, funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS). Among her works are: BOOKS 1. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, Privacy and Data Protection:

A Comparative Analysis with special Reference to the Malaysian Proposed Law. Sweet and Maxwell (2002) (479 pages).

2. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, State, Internet and Information: Legal and Regulatory Challenges. Thomson Reuters. (2009). (In print)

ARTICLES 1. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “Nanofood: Legal and

Regulatory Challenges, ” Journal of Food Law & Policy, (2009) (Spring) USA (In print).

2. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, Google v. EU: Do Disagreements Remain,” Intermedia (2008) Vol 36, Issue 5, USA, 16-19.

3. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “Nanotechnology: Regulatory Challenges to Occupational Safety and Health,” Policy and Practice in

Health and Safety, Vol. 6, Issue 1, (2008), 97-113. 4. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “Nanotechnology in

Healthcare: Are Existing Laws Adequate?” European Journal of Health Law, Vol.14, No.3, (2007), 261-272.

5. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “Another Law with Flaws: Lesson Never Learnt”, [2007] 4 Current Law Journal, xvii-xxii.

6. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “The Next Big Thing is Really Small: Legal and Regulatory Challenges”, The Law Review (2007), 118-139

7. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “Electronic Commerce Bill: An Oversight Or Wanting A Different Or…?” The Malayan Law Journal, [2006] 4 MLJ, i-ccviii.

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8. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, “Access to Communications Data by Public Authorities,” Computer Law and Security Report, UK, Vol. 20, no. 3 (2004), 194 -199.

9. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin,, “Retention of Communications Data: A Bumpy Road Ahead”, The John Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law, USA (Summer 2004) Volume XXII, Number 4, 731-758.

10. Abu Bakar Munir & Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Internet Service Providers’ (ISPs) Liability for Copyright Infringement”, iMonitor Expert Series, 25/02/2002, http://www.imonitorasia.com.

11. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd.Yasin, “Legal Issues In Cyberspace Contracting”, (1997), 3 Malayan Law Journal, 181-191.

12. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Millennium Bug and the Legal Implication”, (1997), 2 Current Law Journal, i-x.

13. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Commercial Sexual Exploitation”, Child Abuse Review, (Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect), U.K. (1997), 147-153.

14. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Space Debris: Legal and Policy Implications”, Malaysian Student Law Journal, (1996), 5-13.

15. Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Evidence of A Minor: A Comparative Study of the Islamic and Civil Law”, (1995), 2 Current Law Journal (CLJ) I-xi.

16. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Preventive Detention and Constitutional Safeguards in Selected Third World Countries”, Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law, (1993), 127-156.

17. Abu Bakar Munir and Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, “Child Abuse: Facing the Inadequacies of Protection Afforded by the Law”, (1993), 1 Malayan Law Journal, xv-xxiv.

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ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LEGAL FRAMEWORK:

SOME LESSONS FROM MALAYSIA

Professor Abu Bakar Munir Faculty of Law, University of

Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Dr. Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin Faculty of Law, Associate Professor

Universiti Technologi MARA Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Malaysia, like many other countries, wishes to benefit from electronic commerce. To facilitate and remove the barriers to electronic transactions, the country has enacted several pieces of legislation, namely, the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA), Electronic Government Activities Act 2007 (EGAA), and Digital Signature Act 1997 (DSA).

This paper examines the ECA and EGAA. It argues that the latter is redundant, while the former requires an improvement. The drafters of the ECA have not been successful to develop a good masterpiece. The legislature too did not manage to contribute to improve it. A number of provisions are found to be unclear. Several others contain additional requirements which are non-existent in the international instruments and the law of other jurisdictions. Some are confusing. The Act also failed to incorporate an important provision on the electronic agent which is vital for e-commerce. This paper also shows how the EGAA is redundant.

The ECA and EGAA are the end products, resulted from of the work of many parties; the consultant, Attorney General’s Chambers, Prime Minister’s Office, Parliamentarians and Senators. Perhaps, it is not an exaggeration to argue that the ECA and EGAA very much relates to knowledge, thoroughness and quality. The ECA suffers from defects and weaknesses. Meanwhile, the EGAA is clearly redundant and unnecessary. These are some of the lessons to be learned from Malaysia. Avoid from making the same mistakes.

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Dr. Abdurrahman Raden Aji Haqqi Faculty of Shariah And Law Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University Brunei Darussalam Phone: +673 8826790 Fax: +673 2462233 Email: [email protected]

� �� :� .��� ��� ���� ������ �� -�!� �"� : �(�� ����=(�� �( 1 L��A� #�� �� �!���/ #������ �!��A� �� �

�=�� � Z����/ Name of faculty and university: Faculty Of Syariah And Law, Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic Univerity, Brunei Darussalam <H��� :-�; �����/1��� 2� �; Current Position: Senior Lecturer/Assistant Professor ��� !� .=KW�� : �!��A� V�������/).���� �!���( N#����� #����� �� �� ����� N

#����� �� ��� ���)� ���=�� �!������F���� ������!( Qualifications: B.Sha (Hons), Kuwait; M.C.L; Ph.D In Law, Kulliyyah Of Law, IIUM GH, � :���=�� ������� S��/� �.=��!�� 9�� N9�>� -�H; Specialization: Usul Al-Fiqh, Islamic Law Of Transactions, Islamic Banking And Finance .��A���:) �"��( Publications: (among others)

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1. The Philosophy Of Islamic Law Of Transactions (Kuala Lumpur: Univision Press, 1999)

2. Perniagaan Islam Dalam Era Globalisasi. (Bandar Seri Begawan: ETC UBD, 2004)

3. “Shariah Advisory Board in Islamic Financial Institutions in the Eyes of Islamic Bank Law in Asia: A Must?” in The 4th ASLI

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Conference Proceeding. (Jakarta: Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, 2007), Book I, pg 235-249.

4. “The Development of Law in Asia: Convergence vs Divergence in Islamic Banking Law”, in The 3rd ASLI Conference Proceeding. (Shanghai: East China University of Politics and Law, 2006) Vol. III, pg 1114-1126.

5. “Plastic Surgery from Islamic View” in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Science From the Islamic Perspective edt Ibrahim Abdul Rahman & Nor Jaidi Tuah. (Brunei Darussalam: Educational Technology Centre, UBD, 2006) ISBN 99917-1-174-0. pg.113-122.

6. “Islamic Legal Maxims as a Tool of Harmonisation of Shariah and Civil Law” in International Conference on Harmonisation of Shari’ah and Civil Law 2 Proceeding. (Kuala Lumpur: Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, IIUM and Jabatan Kehakim an Syariah Malaysia, 2005), pg 154-159.

7. “Peranan Masjid Masa Kini: Satu Penilaian Berkaitan Dengan Peranannya Sebagai Wadah Kepimpinan Raja” in Masjid Wadah Kepimpinan Raja. (Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Negara Brunei Darussalam, 2005) ISBN 99917-33-53-1, pg. 278-304.

8. Pengantar Al-Quran dan Lautan (Bandung: Arasy Mizan, 2004), hal. xxxiii-Li. ISBN 979-3551-03-8

9. “Konsep dan Sistem Kehakiman Islam dan Guaman Syar’”, Jurnal Undang-Undang Syariah Brunei Darussalam, Julai-Disember 2003, Jilid 3 Bil 5, hal. 44-69.

10. “Introductory Remarks to Islamic Law of Transactions”, Islamic Journal of Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien, Vol. 1, Issue 1, October 2003, pp 138-181.

11. “Linguistik Undang-Undang Islam Di Alam Melayu”, dalam Bahasa Pengukuh Solidariti ASEAN, Jabatan Bahasa Melayu dan Linguistik, Fakulti Sastera dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, 2002, hal. 404-423.

12. “Harta Sepencarian Dalam Perundangan Keluarga Islam Brunei, Malaysia dan Indonesia: Produk Fikah Ulama Nusantara dan Implementasinya”, Jurnal Undang-Undang Syariah Brunei Darussalam, January-June 2002, Jilid 1 Bil 2, hal. 43-63.

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Electronic Transactions Order, 2000 Of Brunei Darrussalam: An Islamic Legal Framework Input in the Validity of El ectronic

Contracts

Dr. Abdurrahman Raden Aji Haqqi Faculty of Shariah And Law

Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University Brunei Darussalam

In the first part of this paper, we have seen the discussion on the validity of a contract in Islamic law. We discussed there essential requirements and conditions of contract. We also highlighted freedom of making stipulation and its classifications namel valid, void and voidable stipulation.

We also discussed the conditions of formation, contracting parties, subject matters When we look to the contents of Brunei Electronic Order 2000, we find that the appropriate part of the order that Islamic law might be applied is Part IV regarding Electronic Contract.

In this part, section 11 provides:

“(1) for the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby declared that in the context of the formation of contracts, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, and offer and the acceptance of an offer may be expressed by means of electronic records.

(2) Where an electronic record is used in the formation of a contract, that contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that an electronic record was used for that purpose.

This section resembles to the discussion on the formation of contract in which ijab and qabul was studied. The conditions of the both are fulfilled in this section.

Concerning the contracting parties and their intentions and actions on making a contract, the Order in section 13 states:

(1) An electronic record is that of the originator if it was sent by the originator himself.

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(2) As between the originator and the addressee, an electronic record is deemed to be that of the originator if it was sent —

(a) by a person who had the authority to act on behalf of the originator in respect of that electronic record; or

(b) by an information system programmed by or on behalf of the originator to operate automatically.

(3) As between the originator and the addressee, an addressee is entitled to regard an electronic record as being that of the originator and to act on that assumption if —

(a) in order to ascertain whether the electronic record was that of the originator the addressee properly applied a procedure previously agreed to by the originator for that purpose; or

(b) the data message as received by the addressee resulted from the actions of a person whose relationship with the originator or with any agent of the originator enabled that person to gain access to a method used by the originator to identify electronic records as its own.

(4) Subsection (3) shall not apply —

(a) from the time when the addressee has both received notice from the originator that the electronic record is not that of the originator, and had reasonable time to act accordingly;

(b) in a case within subsection (3)(b), at any time when the addressee knew or ought to have known, had it exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure, that the electronic record was not that of the originator; or

(c) if in all the circumstances of the case, it is unconscionable for the addressee to regard the electronic record as that of the originator or to act on that assumption.

(5) Where an electronic record is that of the originator or is deemed to be that of the originator, or the addressee is entitled to act on that assumption, then, as between the originator and the addressee, the addressee is entitled to regard the electronic record received as

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being what the originator intended to send, and to act on that assumption.

(6) The addressee is not so entitled when the addressee knew or should have known, had the addressee exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure, that the transmission resulted in any error in the electronic record as received.

(7) The addressee is entitled to regard each electronic record received as a separate electronic record and to act on that assumption, except to the extent that the addressee duplicates another electronic record and the addressee knew or should have known, had the addressee exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure, that the electronic record was a duplicate.

(8) Nothing in this section shall affect the law of agency or the law on the formation of contracts.

The qabul or the acceptance of a contract by the acceptor in Islamic law is implemented in section 14 of the Order which provides:

“(1) Subsections (2), (3) and (4) shall apply where, on or before sending an electronic record, or by means of that electronic record, the originator has requested or has agreed with the addressee that receipt of the electronic record be acknowledged.

(2) Where the originator has not agreed with the addressee that the acknowledgement be given in a particular form or by a particular method, an acknowledgement may be given by —

(a) any communication by the addressee, automated or otherwise; or

(b) any conduct of the addressee, sufficient to indicate to the originator that the electronic record has been received.

(3) Where the originator has stated that the electronic record is conditional on receipt of the acknowledgement, the electronic record shall be treated as though it had never been sent, until the acknowledgement is received.

(4) Where the originator has not stated that the electronic record is conditional on receipt of the acknowledgement, and the acknowledgement

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has not been received by the originator within the time, specified or agreed or, if no time has been specified or agreed within a reasonable time, the originator —

(a) may give notice to the addressee stating that no acknowledgement has been received and specifying a reasonable time by which the acknowledgement must be received; and

(b) if the acknowledgement is not received within the time specified in

paragraph (a), may, upon notice to the addressee, treat the electronic record as though it has never been sent, or exercise any other rights it may have.

(5) Where the originator receives the addressee’s acknowledgement of receipt, it is presumed, unless evidence to the contrary is adduced, that the related electronic record was received by the addressee, but that presumption does not imply that the content of the electronic record corresponds to the content of the record received.

(6) Where the received acknowledgement states that the related electronic record met technical requirements, either agreed upon or set forth in applicable standards, it is presumed, unless evidence to the contrary is adduced, that those requirements have been met.

(7) Except in so far as it relates to the sending or receipt of the electronic record, this Part is not intended to deal with the legal consequences that may flow either from that electronic record or from the acknowledgement of its receipt.

And the mechanism of the conclusion of the contract is regulated in section 15 of the order which says:

“ (1) Unless otherwise agreed to between the originator and the addressee, the dispatch of an electronic record occurs when it enters an information system outside the control of the originator or the person who sent the electronic record on behalf of the originator.

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(2) Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, the time of receipt of an electronic record is determined as follows —

(a) if the addressee has designated an information system for the purpose of receiving electronic records, receipt occurs —

(i) at the time when the electronic record enters the designated

information system; or

(ii) if the electronic record is sent to an information system of the

addressee that is not the designated information system, at the time when the electronic record is retrieved by the addressee;

(b) if the addressee has not designated such an information system, receipt occurs when the electronic record enters an information system of the addressee.

(3) Subsection (2) shall apply notwithstanding that the place where the information system is located may be different from the place where the electronic record is deemed to be received under subsection (4).

(4) Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, an electronic record is deemed to be dispatched at the place where the originator has its place of business, and is deemed to be received at the place where the addressee has its place of business.

(5) For the purposes of this section —

(a) if the originator or the addressee has more than one place of business, the place of business is that which has the closest relationship to the underlying transaction or, where there is no underlying transaction, the principal place of business;

(b) if the originator or the addressee does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to the usual place of residence; and

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(c) "usual place of residence" in relation to a body corporate, means the place where it is incorporated or otherwise legally constituted.

(6) This section shall not apply to such circumstances as the Minister may by regulations prescribe.

It is obvious that the validity of electronic contract in the eye of Brunei Electronic Order 2000 doesn’t differ from the essence of the validity of contract in Islamic law. It fulfills all essential requirements and conditions that Islamic law requests. Such essential requirements and conditions are formulated in the manner of legal provision in accordance to the need of nowadays necessity.

In conclusion, we do not find any contradiction in the validity of contract between Islamic law and Brunei Electronic Transaction Order 2000. But we find that the later as an implementation of the former in modern world. Wallahu a’lam

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The electronic administrative decision as one of the applications of e-government

Dr. Alaa Mohiuddin aboahmed

Faculty of Law - Helwan University

Information and communications technology has occupied a central place in administrative reform. These things with internet lead to a fundamental change in the nature of applications that can be envisaged in relation between citizen and administrative.

According to the list of decision of the international committee for state reform of November2001 the government has set itself the goal of making all administrative procedure by individuals association, available on line:

- To be able to access all information and personal help concerning public services and their administrative procedures simply and quickly.

- To conduct all business with public authorities on line and in a secure manner.

- To have access to previsions procedure and store the virtual results from such procedures required and in complete security.

- To exercise their rights to access on line and where appropriate, to alter information concerning them that s held by transferred from one public authority to another.

Considerable progress has already been made in this direction: the

(www.service_public.fr) site gives access to 80 e- service, and around 1100 administrative forms.

By identifying the implication of new information technology for legal system for administrative decision using e- procedures we can therefore get an idea of their meaning and scope for administrative law.

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The report (2000:20-21) identifies three stages for electronics applications:

- Putting forms on line that has to be printed and sent to the public authority by post.

- Electronic transmission of form completed by the user to the public authority, the supporting documents being sent by post.

- The user has access to all the data regardless of the authority that holds it and, more generally, to all the information, concerning.

- The electronic administrative decision remain subject to the general rules of administrative procedure, whether it be those laid down by the law or those that drive from case law, subject to special provisions which would be applicable because of that e-procedure.

The recent change in administrative law favored gradually taking into account problems posed by e- procedure such as electronic signature and electronic declaration.

The issue of electronic signature is acknowledged to be very important for the growth of ICT in relation between public authorities and their users.

The Decree of 30 Mareh 2001, provides for creating an electronic signature certified by a third party and limits the presumption of reliability to secure electronic signature.

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The electronic unified form in administrative decisions

Prof. Aad Hammoud Qaisi

Prof. and Chairman,

Department of Public Law Police Academy Dubai

The electronic administration and management activity started to have a new look and inters many applications in regards to offering electronic services, in condition not to controvert the rules and principles of the law management, and should not touch the decision functions.

The idea in vicinity of this paper is to find a methodology for using the electronic procedures and its fixation in issuing the Administrative decrees without affecting the soundness and integrity of the decree

We are hoping and looking forward for the implementation of the new electronic management in the field of the administration activities.

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C.V. For DR. SYED MASWOOD Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, UAEU

Qualifications : LL.M (Commercial Law, Maritime Law), Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India. Ph.D, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. M.A. (Economics) Bhopal University, Bhopal, India. P.G. Diploma in Human Rights, SV University, Tirupati, India. P.G. Diploma in Cyber Laws, Asian School of Cyber Laws, Pune, India.

Contact Address Present Address

:

Dr. Syed Maswood, Professor of Law, E-04 MS University Quarters, Vikram Baug, Pratap Gunj, VADODARA-390002 Gujarat State, India. Ph: ® 0265- 2788374 (o) 0265-2795503 Mobile: 09825576713 Mail ID: [email protected] Dr. Syed Maswood Professor of Law Faculty of Law Post Box No: 15551 UAE University AL AIN, UAE Mobile 00971-509324211 Mail ID: [email protected]

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Academic Rank

Position in the Department & Faculty Specialization Publications Books Published Seminar/Work- shops/Symposia Partcipation

: : : : :

Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Head, Department of Law & Dean Faculty of Law, Director, Baroda School of Legal Studies, Chairman, Board of Studies, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Presently on Lien since August 2007. Intellectual Property Law, Commercial/Business Law, Company Law, Environment Law, Shipping and Maritime Law, Law of Arbitration, Human Rights, Humanitarian Law and International Law, Legal Education and Research Methodology, Law of Insurance, Law of Banking, Law of crimes etc. Published 30 research papers in various journals of repute. Three research papers are under publication. (List Enclosed). Took Part in Seven International & Sixteen National level conferences/Workshops. (List Enclosed).

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The Concept and Legal Aspects of E governance:

The United Arab Emirates' Perspective

Prof. Syed Maswood

College of Law UAE University

E-governance may be understood as the performance of governance

through the electronic medium in order to facilitate an efficient, speedy and transparent process of disseminating information to the public, and other agencies, and for performing government administration activities. It is the use of modern Information and Communication Technologies, such as Internet, Local Area Networks, Mobiles etc, by Governments to improve effectiveness, efficiency and service delivery to promote easy access to the Government services to the public. E-Governance is a network of organizations to include government, nonprofit, and private-sector entities; in e-governance there are no distinct boundaries.

E Governance provides a common framework and direction in the implementation of Government Policies in the following areas:

� Across the Public Sector Organizations and Institutions (G2G)

� Between government and the Business community (G2B)

� Between government and Citizens (G2C).

The research covers the various fields of implementation of e-governance like:-

• e-administration- refers to improving of government processes and of the internal workings of the public sector with new Information and Communication Technology (ICT) -executed information processes.

• e-services- refers to improved delivery of public services to citizens. Some examples of interactive services are: requests for public documents, requests for legal documents and certificates, issuing permits and licenses.

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• e-democracy- implies greater and more active citizen participation and involvement enabled by ICTs in the decision-making process by a survey.

E-Government may have the potential to generate enormous benefits in four critical areas:

i) Transformation of public institutions and service delivery;

ii) Promotion of transparency;

iii) Enabling of effective decentralisation; and

iv) Increment of global competitiveness and integration.

The pace and enormous growth of e-commerce, creating new challenges to any legal system and hence the need arises to continue to develop a legal regime to cope with this fast growing area. The research includes the importance and advantages of E-Governance and the same has been dealt with the UAE Perspective. The UAE legislators are no doubt on the right enacting special laws like The Electronic Transactions and Commerce Law No. 2 (the “ETCL”) 2002, and the Federal Electronic Transactions and Commerce Law, 2006.

The research critically analyses the Legal Measures adopted in the UAE in the field of electronic Transactions and the amendments made in the relevent provisions in the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions (promulgated by Federal Law No. 10 of 1992).

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Brief Bio of Noelly Tamez

Noelly Tamez is Senior I&T Project Manager with the City of Toronto, Canada. She is specialized in the implementation of e-government solutions in the area of Municipal and Provincial Government. She was responsible for delivering a major component of the eCity initiative which is the development of the Meeting Management System for City Council. Currently, she is responsible for the technology component of the 2010 Municipal election for the City of Toronto. Also, Noelly Tamez is a MSc. Candidate in Computer Science at Ryerson University and a Candidate for the Diploma in Public Administration at the University of Western Ontario. She holds a B.Sc. in Cybernetics Engineering and Computer Science and is a Certified Project Manager with the Project Management Institute.

Saleh Al-Sharieh (LL.B.; M.A.; LL.M. Law &Technology; LL.D., Candidate) is a doctoral candidate at the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law, Law and Technology Program. He is the holder of the prestigious Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) fellowship. His research focuses on law and technology issues, including intellectual property, privacy and internet law. Saleh has also published on topics related to intellectual property philosophy, practice, and policy in international journals, including The Journal of World Intellectual Property and The International Journal of Intellectual Property Management. So far, he has presented the results of his research in international conferences in Canada, United States, Indonesia, Turkey, and Jordan. Before starting graduate studies in the University of Ottawa, he was an intellectual property law consultant at Wirelexsoft.

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Multicultural Challenges and Barriers in E-Government Enabled Canada

Noelly Tamez,

B.Sc.; PMP; DPA (Cand.), Western Ontario University & M.Sc. (Cand.), Ryerson University, Canada

& Saleh Al-Sharieh,

LL.B.; M.A.; LL.M. Law&Tech; LL.D. (Cand.), University of Ottawa, Canada

This paper analyses the challenges that multi-culturalism has brought in the implementation of e-Government and participation in the decision-making process in a citizen-centric Canada. The analysis is viewed from the perspective of the three ruling levels of government in Canada: The Federal, Provincial and Local government using as guiding principles the Multiculturalism Policy presented in Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Canadian Multiculturalism Act. Moreover, an analysis is made to determine to what extent the Canadian government has considered the equitable rights and needs of minorities to provide access to Government On-Line and promote participation through e-Democracy. This paper concludes that while multi-culturalism is seen as a negative barrier, it could positively be turned into an adoption of internationalization in government websites. It also recognizes that in order to successfully implement e-Government across the Canadian nation and become a citizen-centric government, all levels of government have to act together to provide economical and human resources to promote and encourage public access to information and interaction with e-government. The most important tool for implementing e-government is a willing citizen that has reliable and easy access to information that will encourage them to participate in the decision-making process.

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Curriculum Vitae de Pierre Sirinelli

Professeur à l'Université Paris-1 (Panthéon - Sorbonne) Doyen honoraire de la Faculté Jean Monnet (Droit, Economie, Gestion) Bref résumé d’activités: Président de l'AFPIDA (association française pour la protection internationale du droit d'auteur) Vice-Président de l'Association Littéraire Artistique Internationale (A.L.A.I.) Expert pour l’Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI - WIPO) Expert pour la Commission Européenne Membre de l’Autorité de Régulation des mesures techniques (A.M.R.T., Autorité Administrative Indépendante mise en place par la Loi du 1er Août 2006) Membre du Conseil Supérieur de la Propriété Littéraire et artistique ; Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (Présidence régulière de commissions) Membre du Conseil National anti-contrefaçon (CNAC – Ministère de l’Industrie) Membre de la Commission créée par le Premier Ministre en février 2005 et chargée d’étudier le phénomène de concentration dans les médias Membre fondateur du Forum des droits sur l’Internet Directeur du CERDI (Centre d'études et de recherches en droit de l'immatériel) Universités Paris 1 & Paris 11 Directeur de l’Institut français de la communication (Université Paris 1 et I.N.A.) Directeur du Master « droit innovation communication culture » Universités Paris 1 & Paris 11 (6 spécialités) Directeur de la spécialité de Master » Droit des créations numériques » (ancien DESS de droit du numérique et des nouvelles techniques) Universités Paris 1 & Paris 11

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Directeur de la spécialité de Master « droit et administration de l’Audiovisuel » (ancien DESS de droit et administration de la communication audiovisuelle) Université Paris 1 Co-directeur du D.U. « marketing et distribution dans l’industrie audiovisuelle européenne », Université Paris 1 et INA. Directeur du Lamy Droit des Médias et de la communication Co-directeur de la revue de droit de l’immatériel, édition Lamy Travaux 1 - Principaux écrits Lamy Droit des Médias et de la communication, direction (et contribution- 600 pages) Première édition 1999, nouvelle publication actualisée tous les six mois. Code de la Propriété intellectuelle, dans la collection des Codes annotés Dalloz, en collaboration avec les professeurs Georges BONET (professeur à l'Université de Paris II), Bertrand WARUFSEL (professeur à l’université de Lille2) et madame Sylvianne DURRANDE (Université de Nanterre). - Première édition, 1997; 7ème édition, février 2007. Réédition tous les ans Dictionnaire de droit comparé Editions du CNRS, juin 2003, rédaction et co-direction avec Marie CORNU (directeur de recherche au CNRS), Isabelle de LAMBERTERIE (directeur de recherche au CNRS) et Catherine WALLART (CNRS) Mémento Dalloz, Propriété littéraire et artistique et droits voisins, Dalloz, 2° édition, janvier 2004; 4° édition à paraître en 2009 Principles of copyright Case and materials, Automne 2002; United Nations development programme - Organisation mondiale de la Propriété intellectuelle Copyright throughout the World Etude de Droit comparé sous la direction du Dr Silke von Lewinski, West, Binder/Looseleaf , 2008 ; Responsabilité et co-rédaction de la partie de droit français Intellectual Property Law, Contribution à un ouvrage collectif, "Introduction to French Law", dirigé par George Bermann (Columbia University) & Etienne Picard (Université paris 1), Wolters Kluwer 2008 « Nouvelles techniques et Droit », Préface au rapport annuel de la Cour de cassation 2005, La documentation française Nouvelles Techniques et Industries culturelles, Rapport au ministre de la Culture français, La Documentation française, 1994.

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Research abstracts and C.V

Le mariage et le divorce, Que sais-je?, PUF 1988; en collaboration avec les professeurs Catherine LABRUSSE-RIOU et Mireille DELMAS-MARTY. La mise en œuvre du droit d’auteur et des droits voisins. Direction scientifique et participation à un ouvrage (traduit en langue russe) destiné aux juristes des pays de l’ancien bloc soviétique. Etudes de droits allemand, anglais, espagnol et français. Publication de l’Union Européenne. Programme Tacis, 2001 Chronique trimestrielle de Propriété littéraire et artistique et droits voisins: à la revue « Propriétés Intellectuelles » (en collaboration avec le professeur André Lucas) 2001 - 2006 Chronique trimestrielle de Propriété littéraire et artistique et droits voisins: à la « Revue Internationale de droit d’auteur » depuis 2006 Sommaires commentés annuels au Recueil Dalloz depuis 2000 Contributions à la revue, mensuelle, de droit de l’immatériel, Editions Lamy 2 - Rapports pour des institutions officielles a- Dans le cadre du ministère de la culture et de la communication Activités au sein du Conseil Supérieur de la Propriété Littéraire et Artistique (organe consultatif du Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, chargé de la réflexion relative aux nouveaux textes à adopter en matière de Propriété Littéraire et artistique): Présidence des commissions suivantes: � juin 2001 – avril 2002: Commission « création des salariés de droit privé », � septembre 2002 – mars 2004: Commission « propriété littéraire et artistique et droit de la concurrence », � d’octobre 2004 à décembre 2005: Commission relative à « la distribution des œuvres sur l’Internet ». Travail ayant débouché sur l’adoption de propositions que le Parlement a votées au cours de l’année 2006 (Loi du 1er Août 2006). � d’octobre 2007 à juin 2008: Commission relative à « la responsabilité des prestataires de l’Internet ». � depuis janvier 2009: Commission relative au « sort des droits de propriété littéraire et artistique en cas de difficultés des entreprises de production audiovisuelle ».

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Chacune de ces présidences a donné lieu à la rédaction d’un rapport et d’un avis (publiés) avec propositions d’actions ou de réformes. A ces présidences il faut ajouter: - un travail relatif à des Propositions de rédaction pour le premier avant-projet de loi de transposition de la directive communautaire du 22 mai 2001 (à la demande du Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication et en collaboration avec le professeur André Lucas). Propositions présentées en réunion plénière du CSPLA en avril 2003 et suivies tant de réunions en vue de leur ajustement que de rencontres avec des parlementaires. Certaines des suggestions ont été retenues puis adoptées par le Parlement (Loi du 1er Août 2006). - la rédaction d’une étude (175 pages): « Aspects juridiques des œuvres multimédias », juillet 2003 ; en collaboration avec Judith Andrès, (disponible sur: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/cspla/). b- Dans le cadre du Ministère de l’industrie "Internet et contrefaçon" Co-présidence et rédaction d’un rapport pour le ministre de l’industrie ; Rapport remis à l’automne 2005. Examen en cours , par le ministère de l’industrie, des suites à donner et actions à réaliser, sur le plan national et international. c- A la demande du Premier Ministre "La concentration des médias" Participation à une commission constituée par le Premier Ministre. Rapport remis fin 2005 ; consultable sur http://www.ddm.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/rapport_lancelot.pdf; Propositions de réforme en cours d’examen. d- Dans le cadre d’une mission confiée par la ministre de la culture et de la Communication, le secrétaire d’État chargé de l’Industrie et de la Consommation, porte-parole du Gouvernement, et la secrétaire d’État chargé de la Prospective et du développement de l’Economie Numérique, Présidence de la mission chargée, d’une part, de « la rédaction et de la mise en place d'une charte engageant les différents acteurs du « Web 2.0 » » et, d’autre part, de l’évaluation et du choix des technologies de marquage et de reconnaissance numérique des contenus.

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Research abstracts and C.V

Liability of the intenet services privider

Dr. Pierre Sirinelli Professeur à l'université Paris-I : Panthéon Sorbonne

Doyen honoraire de la faculté Jean Monnet Directeur du Master

« Droit, innovation, communication, culture » (F)

This study discusses the liabilits of the internet services provider

toward the intrusions on copyrihts, and other relevant rights, concerning the visible materials launched throngh internet.

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Research abstracts and C.V

PROFESSOR BRIAN FITZGERALD BA (Griff) LLB (Hons) (QUT) BCL (Oxon.) LLM (Harv. ) PhD

(Griff) Professor - Law Faculty, QUT Brisbane Australia

Barrister of the High Court of Australia [email protected]

:Website atjsp.fitzgerald/lsstaff/staff/au.edu.qut.law.www://http htpp://www.ip.qut.edu.au

http://eprints.qut.edu.au/view/person/Fitzgerald,_Brian.html

Brian Fitzgerald BA (Griff) LLB (Hons) (QUT) BCL (Oxon.) LLM (Harv.) PhD (Griff) is an internationally recognised scholar specialising in Intellectual Property and Cyberlaw. He holds postgraduate degrees in law from Oxford University and Harvard University and his recent publications include Cyberlaw: Cases and Materials on the Internet, Digital Intellectual Property and E Commerce (2002); Jurisdiction and the Internet (2004); Intellectual Property in Principle (2004) and Internet and Ecommerce Law (2007). Over the past ten years Brian has delivered seminars on Information Technology, Internet and Intellectual Property law in Australia, Canada, China, Brazil, New Zealand, USA, Nepal, India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Norway, Croatia, France, Thailand, Slovakia and the Netherlands. Brian is a Chief Investigator and Program Leader for Law in the ARC Centre of Excellence on Creative Industries and Innovation and Project Leader for the Australian Government funded Open Access to Knowledge Law Project (OAK Law) and the Australian Government funded Legal Framework for e-Research. He is also a Program Leader for the CRC Spatial Information. His current projects include work on intellectual property issues across the areas of Copyright, Digital Content and the Internet, Copyright and the Creative Industries in China, Open Content Licensing and the Creative Commons, Free and Open Source Software, Research Use of Patents, Patent Transparency, Science Commons, e-Research, Licensing of Digital Entertainment and Anti-Circumvention Law. From 1998-2002 Brian was Head of the School of Law and Justice at Southern Cross University in New South Wales, Australia and from January 2002 – January 2007 was Head of the School of Law at QUT in Brisbane. He is currently a specialist Research Professor in Intellectual

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Property and Innovation at QUT. He is also a Barrister of the High Court of Australia

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�2���:� ����* �� ����* � ;���� 5�� ���� ���- �� � F���.'� 5�(��� &��.�� � ����#�*�� ����* �� &!$�� /����3����� ��#�� ����+� � +��� �!�!� ,.����� ���-�� �.

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Rami M Olwan, LL.B., LL.M. (intellectual Property L aw), LL.M. (Internet Law)

Mr. Rami Olwan is an Australian Government PhD scholarship candidate at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) since February 2008. He graduated from the University of Yarmouk Faculty of Law (Jordan), with an LL.B. in 1997, and obtained an LL.M. from Buckingham University Law School (UK) in 2000. Mr Olwan obtained a scholarship from the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School to attend the Internet Law program in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in March 2003. He also obtained an LL.M. from Columbia University Law School in 2007 on a scholarship from Open Society Institute.

Prior to joining QUT, Mr. Olwan was working as a legal consultant in e-commerce law in Jordan, United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman from 2000 to 2005. He specializes in domain names and digital copyright issues. Mr. Olwan interned with the World Intellectual Property Organization in New York in 2007. Mr Olwan has published articles in various journals, including the Kuwait Law Journal and the United Arab Emirates University Law Journal. He has been a member of the Jordanian Bar since 2001 and he is fluent in Arabic and English.

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��� Z�� I � ���� ������� ������ L�W��)' ( ����&))&.

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<íéi]„Ö]<�ŠÖ]æ<l^’~×¹]< <

Copyright and Innovation in the Digital Age: The United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Professor Brian Fitzgerald and Mr Rami Olwan

The rise of digital network technologies has meant that copyright is now central to most everything we do from recreation to research. Every time we use digital technology – which needs to reproduce and communicate to operate - we automate the possibility of copyright infringement.

The purpose of this paper is to consider how copyright law in its current form fits the challenges of the digital age; and in particular how it might be improved to promote the possibilities for innovation especially in developing countries. We take the Federal Law No. (7) of 2002 (UAE) Pertaining to Copyrights and Neighbouring Rights as our case study.

In every country copyright law and not just patent law should be seen as a key ingredient of the innovation system. It is fundamental to the generation and transfer of knowledge.

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Research abstracts and C.V

Jean-Pierre Clavie

Professeur de droit privé et de sciences criminelles

UNIVERSITE DE NANTES

FACULTE DE DROIT ET DES SCIENCES POLITIQUES

MEMBRE DE L’I NSTITUT DE RECHERCHE EN DROIT PRIVE

Docteur en droit de l’Université de Nantes, Janvier 1994 Habilité à diriger des recherches

Chemin de la Censive du Tertre – BP 81307 – 44313 Nantes cedex 3 tél. 06 32 52 19 03 – courriel: [email protected] Activités d’enseignement Principaux enseignements dispensés ¬ Droit de la propriété industrielle – (Master 2 « Propriété

intellectuelle », Master 1 Droit privé, UFR Droit de Nantes). ¬ Droit de la propriété intellectuelle – (Master 2, Droit

communautaire des affaires, Univ. de Varsovie, Pologne), ¬ Droit des nouvelles technologies, - (Master 2, « Propriété

intellectuelle », UFR Droit de Nantes) ¬ Droit de la concurrence (Master 1, UFR Droit de Rennes 1), ¬ Droit du commerce électronique – (Master 1 Droit privé, UFR

Droit de Nantes), ¬ Droit des affaires (Licence 2, UFR Droit de Nantes,

Activités de recherche et éditoriales Ouvrages publiés ¬ Dictionnaire de droit de la propriété intellectuelle, Ellipses, coll.

Dictionnaires de droit, (avec Mlle Carine Bernault), septembre 2008,

¬ Droit commercial. Flammarion, coll. Champs Université, (avec le Professeur F.-X. Lucas), septembre 2003.

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<íéi]„Ö]<�ŠÖ]æ<l^’~×¹]< <

¬ Les catégories de la propriété intellectuelle à l’épreuve des créations génétiques. L’Harmattan, coll. Logiques juridiques, 1998, préf. J.-M. Mousseron.

Articles publiés ¬ Les relations Nord/Sud au sein de l’OMC – L’exemple des brevets

de médicaments, Conférence publique à l’Université de Ngaoundéré, 8 octobre 2008, publication à venir dans les Cahiers juridiques de l’Université de Ngaoundéré

¬ Présentation de la procédure de saisie-contrefaçon depuis la loi du 29 octobre 2007 de lutte contre la contrefaçon, Actes du colloque « Les saisies spéciales », 28 mars 2008, sous la dir. Y. Desdevises), Droit et Procédures, 2009.

¬ Les principes relatifs à la titularité des droits sur une invention. Actes du colloque « Contrat de travail et propriété intellectuelle », Nantes, 29 juin 2007, Revue Lamy Droit de l’Immatériel, mars 2008.

¬ Propos introductifs, Actes du colloque « La loi relative au droit d’auteur et aux droits voisins dans la société de l’information ; des occasions manquées », Revue Lamy Droit de l’Immatériel, mars 2007.

¬ Le droit des brevets, vers de nouvelles frontières, Actes du colloque La propriété intellectuelle en question(s), Nantes, 2005, Litec, coll. IRPI, 2006, p. 133.

¬ Marques et droits des tiers (Vers un droit des « marques-médias »), Propriété industrielle, juillet - août 2004, p. 14. Article préparé dans le cadre du projet jeune chercheur « Droits de propriété intellectuelle et libertés » soutenu par le CNRS, sous la dir. de F. Siiriainen (UNSA-CREDECO).

¬ La protection des inventions ayant pour objet un organisme vivant au regard de l’ordre concurrentiel. in Mélanges A. Pirovano « Ordre concurrentiel ». Editions Frison-Roche, 2003, p. 451.

¬ Le procès du système de brevet. Actes du colloque Copyright/copywrong. Éditions Mémo, Nantes 2003, p. 77.

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¬ Tests et analyses en agro-alimentaire, la réservation des nouvelles techniques. Participation au colloque Iquabian, Nantes, 22 et 23 janvier 1998, Revue de Droit rural, 1998, p. 465.

Colloques et séminaires sans publication ¬ Coorganisateur de la « Journée d’actualisation législative 2008 »,

IRDP, Nantes, 13 février 2009. ¬ Les cessions et acquisitions de droits d’auteurs sur une ressource

numérique, Université numérique juridique francophone/Sous-direction des technologies et de la communication pour l’éducation, Ministère de l’Education Nationale, 5 et 6 juin 2008.

¬ Les libertés face aux brevets déposés en matière médicale, Colloque organisé par l’Ordre des avocats du barreau de Saint-Brieuc: « Les libertés face aux contraintes médicales », Tréguier, 20 mai 2006.

¬ Le contentieux dans le droit des marques, - La condition de distinctivité. « Journées d’étude du Jurisclasseur », Novembre 2005.

¬ Séminaire en droit des brevets, Fédération Nationale pour le Droit de l’Entreprise, Lyon, novembre 2005.

¬ Les aspects juridiques de la valorisation de la recherche des entreprises, Colloque « La recherche et l’entreprise » coorganisé par l’Ecole doctorale sciences et technologies de l’information et matériaux et par l’Ecole doctorale Chimie-biologie, Université de Nantes, 12 et 13 février 2003.

¬ Ethique et brevet. Biotechno 2000, Colloque organisé par la Chambre de Commerce et d’industrie de Nantes-Saint-Nazaire, Nantes, le 12 juin 2002.

¬ Arbitrage et propriété industrielle. Participation à la table ronde lors de la Journée d’étude « Arbitrage. Une question d’actualité » coorganisée par la Chambre de médiation et d’arbitrage de Nantes Atlantique et l’IRDP, le 15 mars 2002.

¬ Aspects communautaire et international de la protection par brevet des biotechnologies – La prise en considération des aspects scientifiques, techniques et économiques. Colloque « Droits et

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<íéi]„Ö]<�ŠÖ]æ<l^’~×¹]< <

négociations internationales: la prise en compte des aspects scientifiques et économiques », INRA, Paris, 21 janvier 1999.

Missions internationales ¬ Plusieurs conférences sur la contrefaçon et l’accord sur les

« Aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce y compris les marchandises de contrefaçon » (ADPIC/OMC), octobre 2008, Université de Ngaoundéré et Université de Yaoundé, Cameroun.

¬ Firewall et liberté d’expression, Programme d’actions intégrées franco-hongkongais, septembre 2004, Hong-Kong, Chine.

¬ Les acquis communautaires en propriété industrielle, Exposé auprès d’experts de la Diète et du Sénat polonais en vue de l’entrée de la Pologne dans l’Union européenne, 5 novembre 2002, Varsovie, Pologne.

¬ Les principes de la loi russe en matière de propriété intellectuelle à la lumière du droit communautaire, Cycle de conférences coorganisé par le Gesac et The Unesco chair of Authors Right and other intellectual property rights, 3 novembre 2000, Moscou, Féd. Russie.

¬ La propriété industrielle dans l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, 9 décembre 1999, Ecole de Droit de Hanoï, Viêt-Nam.

¬ Les grands principes de la propriété intellectuelle, Conférence dans le cadre du Cycle de conférences coorganisé par le Gesac et The Unesco chair of Authors Right and other intellectual property rights, 28 octobre 1999, Moscou, Féd. Russie.

¬ Vers un droit communautaire des brevets, Chaire Jean Monet, 2 avril 1999, Université de Bari, Italie.

¬ Agriculture et propriété industrielle, 4 avril 1999, Université de Foggia, Italie.

¬ Plusieurs conférences sur le droit communautaire de la propriété intellectuelle, Agence Universitaire pour la Francophonie, Sofia (Bulgarie), 11-14 janvier 1999.

¬ Plusieurs séminaires sur le droit communautaire de la propriété intellectuelle Université de Minsk (Bélarus), Avril 1997.

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Encadrement de travaux de recherche ¬ G. Cousin, Intérêt général et propriété industrielle, thèse soutenue

en 2006, ¬ A. Auffrais, La protection juridique des résultats de la recherche

scientifique, thèse soutenue en 2007, ¬ Direction et codirection de plusieurs thèses en cours de préparation, ¬ Direction de travaux de recherche d’étudiants de Master 2 et Master

Activités administratives Participation à la préparation d’un module d’enseignement à distance sur la contrefaçon destinés notamment aux cadres de grandes entreprises en poste à l’étranger (LVMH …). Sous la responsabilité de Mme Gassie (Formation continue, Université de Nantes), dans le cadre du « Campus Numérique Juridique International ». Accompagnement de la Cellule de Valorisation de la Recherche de l’Université de Nantes pour l’établissement de documents (guidelines) diffusés auprès de la communauté des chercheurs de l’Université de Nantes. 2003/2004. Directeur de l’Institut de Recherche en Droit Privé (E.A. 1166), Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques de l’Université de Nantes, de 2000 à 2004. Responsable du diplôme de maîtrise de droit privé UFR de Droit de l’Université de Nantes, de 2000 à 2004. Porteur du projet scientifique et pédagogique en réponse à l’appel à candidature lancé par Mme le Ministre Nicole Fontaine pour l’accueil et la création d’un centre de formation « Entreprise et propriété industrielle » (en collaboration avec le CNAM des Pays de Loire), 2003.

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Electronic advertisement and discussion of the view of the European Union Court

Dr. John Claver Pierre

University of Nantes – France

This Study discusses the liability of the service provider towards the intrusion on trademarks. The researcher suggects that we shoud go back to the general rules governing civil liability in general.

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Research abstracts and C.V

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Page 75: Abstracts and CVS

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Research abstracts and C.V

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Page 77: Abstracts and CVS

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Research abstracts and C.V

Electronic Publishing and Intellectual Property Rights

Prof. Ibrahim Desouki Abu Liel College of Law - University of Kuwait

Not long ago, the publication of the literary and intellectual works was confined to the traditional style of paper writing. According to the nature of this traditional way of publishing and its requirements, international agreements and national legislations drew the legal protection bestowed to these works to preserve the rights of their owners which are the ethical and financial rights and authorities bestowed to them.

Nowadays, with the discovery of modern electronic communication means and technologies, specifically the computer and the internet, a new style has emerged to publish literary works which is E-publishing in its different applications. One of these applications is the digital publishing that has many advantages such as simple procedures, wide spreading and less costing.

This E-publishing style has some negative effects nonetheless. On top of it comes the increase violation on the e.published works, which represents a remarkable waste of intellectual property rights these works give to their authors.

It is particularly for this reason that this study is presented to focus on the concept of E-publishing and its effect on the intellectual property rights of the authors who choose this style to publish their works.

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Research abstracts and C.V

Ziad M.K Maraqa , Legal cases and court Decisions manager- TAGI Group , Talal Abu- Ghazaleh Organization.

Abu –Ghazaleh Intellectual Property- Legal Cases & Court Decisions Manager- of TAGI group -2006- present (Regional Office) he was the Regional Manager of Abu-Ghazaleh Legal. He is a Certified Legal Consultant and holds a Master’s degree in Commercial Law, from Sussex University, United Kingdom, in addition he earned a Bachelor Law Degree from the Beirut Arab University in Beirut, Lebanon.

Detailed responsibilities are legal consultant in Intellectual property and commercial legal issues (legal opinion, contract review, trademark infringements and oppositions, commercial & intellectual property litigation.)

During his valuable experience of eight years in legal consulting, he has worked in various fields of intellectual property law, international commercial law, and company law. Currently his duties are focused towards legal consulting, contract drafting, domain name disputes resolution and also managing Abu Ghazaleh Legal.

Mr. Maraqa has participated in several workshops, most notably the workshop on “protection of intellectual property rights” as lecturer for the ministry of information and technology in Bahrain, 2004, and another workshop on “protection of copyrights on the Internet” as lecturer, University of Jordan, 2004.

Mr. Maraqa has extensive knowledge in the protection of well-known marks and trademarks on the internet (Domain Name). He is a member of the Jordanian Bar Association-1998 (JBA) and the Arab Society for Intellectual Property (ASIP). His primary languages are Arabic and English.

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The Conflicts between trademark and domain names in Arab countries – a Comparative study with the UK

Ziad MK Maraqa

Legal Cases & Court Decision Manager Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization

Domain names have sparked huge controversy in the legal system, which comes as evidence that ‘the growth of the Internet has outpaced traditional legal doctrine’. An attempt to register a domain name that has been previously registered by another is prevented, due to the prior registration of that domain name by the first user. This means that two website owners cannot use the same domain names. Although two non-competing users of a trademark can legally register the same mark, they cannot identify their sites with an identical incorporation of the mark into a domain name. This leads to confusion for customers accessing both websites even if the two companies used similar domain names. As a consequence, conflict arises between companies claiming sovereignty on a borderless Internet.

As long as cyber squatters own the domain name, trademark owners cannot register their own trademark as a domain name, thus violating the fundamental rights of trademark owners to use their trademark. However, it is vital to note that the practice of reserving a domain name is not an illegal matter. It is common that cyber squatters register words that would be sought after by potential companies in the future. A trademark is therefore not breached by a domain name unless the trademark existed at the time of domain name registration. Which relates to cyber squatters who have no intention of harming a trademark owner, whereby the registrant uses the same trademark as another commercial entity, but not within a competing industry?

So although many entrepreneurs are legitimately registering new trademarks as domain names for their companies, others are registering trademarks that have previously been established out of goodwill. The

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issue therefore is how a legitimate domain name registrant can be distinguished from one who registers a domain name in bad faith.

Based on the foregoing, Arab regulations should be enacted in the field of Cyber Law and to consider it as one of the Arab League documents, and get it ratified by the Arab governments and legislative councils to be a unified Arab law in the field of the internet.

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Electronic Contracting: A Fiqhi and

legal Study in the Light of the Federal Law of UAE of e-trade

Prepared by

Dr. Abdullah M. S. Rabab’ah College of Sharia and Islamic Studies

Yarmouk University - Jordan

This paper focuses on e-contracting in trade. E-contracts are those contracts performed via internet and that have three forms. First: contracting through chatting and direct visual appearance. Second: contracting through visiting a certain website that offers sales and services, and third: contracting via email, this comes through sending and email to a company or a factory seeking purchasing a product. The internet in this way is a means for agreement and acceptance via email.

It is clear that it is possible nowadays to sign contracts via an electronic media (internet). Then, it is necessary to recognize what is its Fiqhi and legal situation so as to present its judicial and shari’ case. The paper shows that e-contracting is a contract between two absentees.

The paper talks the views of scholars in the case of contracts between absentees and shows the contract setting via internet and when is the contract considered a commitment when signed or agreed on. The paper also shows some of the civil laws of some Arab states.

The issues are discussed in the light of the UAE Federal law of e-trade No (1) 2006 which organizes e-trade and that has direct relation with the current study.

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Emil: [email protected]

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The Electronic Session Of The Contract

Tarek Kazem AGIL College of Law - University of Dhi Qar, Iraq

Nowadays the world witnesses increasing growth in the quantity of the electronic commerce which been performed through The World Wide Web (the Internet) to an extent it becomes the largest proposition of the international trade. This increasing growth is owing to many factors , the most noticeable one is the speed and ease of forming and implementing the electronic contracts , since any person who wants to reach what he needs from alternative sources. All that is done by only just clicking on the keyboard of the personal computer of the consumer which is connected to the internet without any need to travel from one place to another.

The core of the electronic commerce is the electronic contract which resembles the ordinary contract, since both depending on the mutual consent of their parties. But what differentiates the electronic contract from the ordinary contract is its depending on electronic means to be accomplished.

Worth to mention is that the electronic means-the internet- have its own peculiarities which reflect their impacts on the contracts formed accordingly, one of these main peculiarities is the international characteristics of these means which is not limited to a specific country but covers all the world, as well as its accessibility to every person in the world who wants to make electronic contract.

Undoubtedly, these peculiarities and characteristics of the electronic commerce have its impact on the legal system on the electronic contract which creates many legal rules which are different from the general rules of the ordinary theory of contract.

The electronic contract is formed by two parties: the first party is a supplier who in most cases a big commercial company , the other party is a consumer , usually both of them are not in one united contract session either from the time or the place point of view. This fact has raised heated

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juristic debate about the nature of the electronic contract whether it is a contract between present parties or between absent parties.

Replying this question that pushed the researcher to select the topic of the electronic session of the contract, since by determining the nature of the electronic session of the contract we will be able to specify the time and the place of forming the contract and demarcating its consequences in particular: the timing of the implementing the obligations imposed by the contract, the courts which hold the jurisdiction to settle the disputes of the contract related to its forming or implementation , the law applicable and the legal protection that may be given to the weak party in the electronic contractual relation i.e. the consumer.

Without any reluctance , the legislator in United State of Emirates has issued federal law regulating the E. commerce No.(1) dated 2006, trying to reply to the above mentioned questions and others arising from the realities of the electronic commerce and being a main tributary to facilitate the E. commerce transactions.

Yet the issuing of this law has not stripped the worthiness of discussion of the topic of E-commerce, on the contrary, the topic is still in need for more discussion for it novelty, the novelty of the laws applicable and its variety and expansion. the researcher has selected the UAE E.Commerce Law No (1) dated 2006 as a corner stone for analyzing and comparing with the other laws to determine its positive and negative aspects and submitting the suggestions and recommendations to fasciculate its application.

After depending on the Almighty God, the researcher divided the research into two chapters: the first chapter is specified to clarify the identity of the electronic session of the contract and the second chapter to illustrate the legal effects of the nature of the electronic session of the contract. The researcher summed up his research by conclusion contains the results of the research and the recommendations of the researcher.

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Research abstracts and C.V

The Time of the electronic contract In the UAE legislation

By:

Dr. Ali Obaidi Faculty of Law

Al-Ain University of Science and Scientific Technology

The problem of determining the time of the contracts is not a new problem in the electronic contracts only, but is a general problem regarding the correspondence -contracting in general.

The researcher has discussed this issue specifically in the electronic contracts because these contracts are done by modern technology, and this may make all the general rules not suitable solutions.

The study was divided into four sections, , the opinion of jurisprudence and law in general, the opinion of the Civil Transactions law, the opinion of the electronic commerce law, and the researcher opinion on these issues.

The researcher had concluded that these issues are not included in the law of electronic and commercial transactions, and from some of the law texts the researcher found that the law agrees with the theory which determines the time of contracting with the time of Receipt the acceptance.

Finally, the researcher had called the legislators to take some of the proposals and amend certain texts of the law.

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AB �7�� ��-���� ����7(��: $l �������/V#����� �� / ����� �� �– b/ �!��� /$44r� �� ��� / .

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Research abstracts and C.V

Electronic Agent: Electronic Agent: its concept and legal nature

Dr. Alaa - Yaqub al-Naimi

College of Law - University of Sharjah. Sharjah.

Electronic Agent, as the traditional agent, based on the idea of needing someone to do acts on behalf of other person. But the electronic agent has a special concept, and has its own context. That it’s invented to work in special context, which is internet context. But it’s uniqueness is not derived from that context, nor it’s name, but from it’s special nature, because it’s an electronic nature. Thus electronic agent is a computer program.

And because of this special concept of it, electronic agent needs to be studied to specify this concept. and because of its modernity the legal jurists do not have the same opinion about it’s legal nature. Some of them say it is a legal person, and the others say it is not more than a communication tool.

This paper discuss these two ideas, first the concept of electronic agent, and the second its legal nature, in two sections.

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Research abstracts and C.V

Concluding of e-contract Prof. Nazih Mohammed Sadiq al-Mahdi

College of Law - Cairo University

The research starts at the first chapter with the meaning of the E=Contract, its definition, characteristics, its distinction from other aspects and its electronic forms: Firstly, the electronic methods and manifestations of contracting, such as web-sites, E-Mail, and discussion groups (Forums).

Secondly, by mentioning some applications of the E-contracts, such as the Electronic Contracts of Information, Electronic Sale Contracts, Electronic Labor Contracts, Electronic Consulting Services Contracts, and Electronic Credit Cards Contracts, etc…

The second chapter deals with the Electronic Contract itself, starting with a summary of the traditional rules of contracting, then, in a first part we dealt with the effects of the electronic nature of the contract in adapting and modifying its traditional contractual rules by fundamental legal basics, in order to be suitable with new electronic aspects, such as: using with full legal respect the principle of "good faith" in the operation of contracting, also using the "pre- contractual obligation" of informing the other part all details related to the electronic contract before contracting.

The organization and control of the desire or the invitation to contract through the internet and the determination of Electronic Contractual negotiations and the legal rules and methods of exchanging contractual consents.

Further, in a second part, we determined the principal two bases or conditions: It start firstly by the "electronic offer", the definition of the electronic offer, its characteristics, the obligatory electronic Offer the nature of electronic offer and its legal conditions and finally the technical and legal rules of sending the electronic offer to the other party.

Secondly it deals with the second basic condition, that is the electronic "acceptance", its the definition and characteristics of electronic acceptance, its legal condition, the special technical and legal methods of

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electronic acceptance, and the different points of view about the determination of the time exactly of producing the acceptance its effect in terminating the contractual operation, (4 different opinions or theories, and the evaluation of each).

Thirdly, the method of "the letter of information" as a decisive legal and technical method to determine exactly the criteria in this domain and the time and place of contracting.

Lastly, a final estimation of the concept of the electronic contract as a suitable legal and technical method that provide more development and organization to the modern transactions.

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Curriculum Vitae 1- Personal data: First Name: Hany Family Name: DOWIDAR Date of birth: September 3,1961 Place of birth: London (Great-Britain) Nationality: Egyptian 2- Contacts: Domicile: Abdel Moneim Riad St, 8 – Kafr Abdu Alexandria – EGYPT Email: [email protected] Phone: Home: (00203) 5437182 (00203) 5445500 Bureau: (00203) 4865621 (00203) 4872903 Mobile: (002010) 5441841 Fax: (00203) 4876611 Diplomas:

1- First Degree Bachelor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Alexandria, May 1983, Grade "Excellent".

2- High Studies Diploma of Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Alexandria, May 1984, Grade "Very Good".

3- High Studies Diploma of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Alexandria, May 1985, Grade "Excellent".

4- PH Doctorate in Private Law, Faculty of Law, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Bordeaux (France), February 1990, Grade "Very Honorable".

Occupational Career: 1- The factoring Agreement, Review of the Faculty of law -

University of Alexandria for Legal and Economic Studies, 1991, No 3 and 4, P. 298.

2- The legal regulation of Financial Lease. A critic study of the French Law, Alexandria, 1994 and 1998.

3- The scope of monopolizing technical information whereby secrecy, Alexandria, 1994.

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4- Problematics of delivering cargo consequently to a sea carriage of goods according to the Egyptian Maritime Law of 1990, Alexandria, 1995.

5- The trade acts by analogy, Alexandria, 2002. 6- Financial Lease according to the Lebanese law, Review of Legal Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science – Beirut Arab University, 2006, P.1. 7- Electronic logistics of sea carriage, a paper presented to the Conference organized by the Private law laboratory of the Faculty of Law – University of Tlemcen, Algeria, Mars 10-11, 2009. Foreign Languages: Spoken Read Written

• English Excellent Excellent Excellent • French Excellent Excellent Excellent • Italian Good Excellent Good

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The Future of the Principle of Free Proof in Commercial Matters

Professor Hany dowidar

Dean College of Law - University of Arabic Beirut

Regarding the extending use of electronics in view of concluding contracts, it seems necessary to regulate proof by means of electronics with appropriated rules. This has been done by way of elevating electronic documents to the rank of paper documents as means of proof. The question is to define to what extend the regulation of electronic proof may represent a threat to the principle of free proof in commercial matters, especially when shall come the day electronic means shall become the most usual means of concluding trade contracts.

In order to answer such question, it is firstly necessary to demonstrate if there is still a possibility to apply the principle of free proof in commercial matters in case of a large use of electronic means. The fact is that there are two possible ways to do it in front of any legislator: he may modify the general rules of proof in order to include the electronic means in the common regulation of proof ; he may, nevertheless, promulgate a special law concerning electronic proof without introducing any modification to the general rules of proof. The French law is to be considered as an example of the first method to proceed, whereas the Egyptian law can be seen as an example of the second method to proceed. The fact is that in the frame of the first possibility, it is still possible to apply the principle of free proof even if the contract is concluded by using electronic means ; but in the event of the second possibility, it is not possible anymore to apply the said principle unless the contract is not concluded by using electronic means.

On the other hand, it is necessary to show to what extent the regulation of electronic proof may reconsider the foundation of the regulation of trade activities. This regulation was traditionally based on the two notions of rapidity and credit, and the principle of free proof itself was

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based on that notion of rapidity of concluding and executing trade contracts. However, the regulation of electronic proof brings us back to the principle of restrictive proof, although concluding a contract by electronic means is source of more rapidity even is the said contract is a commercial one. The regulation of electronic proof cannot be seen, consequently, as neutral regarding the foundation of the legal regulation of the trade activities. This foundation shall not be represented anymore by the main characteristics of the trade activities, as rapidity and credit; it shall not be either grounded on the notion of trade enterprise; the new foundation of thr regulation of commerce shall be that notion of apparent trade profession, considering that offering goods and services to the public on internet shall be considered as a declaration of e trade profession, which has not to be real but can be just virtual.

Our conclusion is that applying the regulation of electronic proof on a large schedule shall start a self-extermination of the principle of free proof in commercial matters.

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Authenticity of electronic signature and the civil allegation

about its forgery - A comparative study of the of French and Egyptian laws and the UAE and Oman

Dr. Osama El-Ruby

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat

The paper deals writh an authoritative study of research in the electronic signature and proof of how the prosecution of civil fraud, through a comparative study of French and Egyptian laws and the United Arab Emirates and Oman. We offer at the beginning of the search for the definition of electronic signature as one of the most important types of writing and pictures of the written evidence in the recent contemporary experiencing dramatic development in various spheres of life. particularly in the area of communication through modern methods, the most important Web sites. Then after that the Study goeus on the authority of the electronic signature and electronic documents. It requires identifying the authenticity of the electronic signature to show the conditions that must be available first to recognize the validity of the signature and invoked by law, and thye after looking at the extent of its strength in the laws of evidence in the place of study. by Seeoudly this study offers a procedural problem about how to civilian prosecution of forging the signature or the editor-mail. To get familiar with the procedural aspects of this problem, first identify the meaning of the allegation of fraud is a civil right to raise such a claim. And then offer a way of how to uphold the fraud or to a civil court, whether by suit or sub-claim of fraud. And then address the question of the passport fraud claim before the Supreme Court. We conclude with the procedures for the identification of the allegation of fraud and how to govern it.

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Authenticity of Electronic Messages Sent by Mobile Phone in Proving Contracting: A Study in the UAE Law & Comparative L aws

Dr. Zaid Muhmoud Al-Aqaileh Associate Professor of Civil Law

Department of Private Law – College of Law United Arab Emirates University

In light of the informational prosperity and the technological revolution, which the world presently witnesses, and in light of the information technology, which became the nerve of modern societies, contractual transactions faced many changes that have affected their legal system and structure. As such, transactions made through modern means of communication became a matter of concern, especially in light of the prevalence of the so-called E-Contracts, which put a set of legal questions, particularly with regard to proof taking into account the complexity of the relations arising from such contracts, the different physical intermediary through which the contract can be made and the articles it may contain, the physical absence of the parties to the contract, and the extent of the authenticity of the means used in the proof.

Evolution of systems and means of wireless telecommunications and transforming them to satellite communications and data exchange protocols via means of telecommunication or the so-called ‘communications revolution’ is pre-eminence in the present day phenomenon of mobile phone (cellular), which enables people to exchange information within a short period of time that has not been known before, and which encourages many people to make it their favourite means of contracting, due to the saving of time, effort and expenditure, despite the long distances that may separate the two contracting parties.

This paper discusses how to prove the contract, which is concluded by mobile phone messages, in the UAE Law & Comparative Laws.

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Authenticity of foreign ratification certificates

Dr. Tariq Kamil Arab-American University- Palestine.

This paper dealt with the legal regulation of the work of the validation of electronic service provider, which serves as an intermediary between the clients to authenticate their electronic transactions, both in terms of accreditation procedures or control them or to determine their duties, and as one of the cornerstones for the recognition of the authority of documents signed electronically, and they were also intended to identify the certificate of electronic validation, and determine the nature and importance of the statements contained in this certificate, issued by the electronic validation service provider to be a witness on the electronic signature and to relate it to its owner and that it is conditions and standards is completed for recognition of the authoritative proof.

Because of the large number of electronic transactions conducted via the Internet, which is the international character, the certificate of the foreign electronic validation has become an international requirement, which calls for the recognition of the legislative impact on the legal effect of such transactions between the various countries of the world, and therefore this paper has treated the legal effect for the foreign electronic validation certificates of the authentication service provider of electronic foreign, as indicated by the legislation, the recognition that organized the electronic transactions and the electronic signatures - including the Federal Law No. 1 of 2006 regarding the transactions and electronic commerce to the United Arab Emirates, the Emirate of Dubai Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the transactions and electronic commerce - the authority foreign electronic certificates of validation, as outlined by the conditions or criteria are required for the recognition of foreign electronic certificates of validation, so as to give the same effect given to the certificates issued by the service providers in the two validation of electronic transactions electronically-signed.

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Dr. Kameran Al-Salihi Associate Professor College Law University of UAE Education Ph. D. (Commercial Law) University of Cairo – Egypt 1981. M. A. (Private Law) University of Cairo – Egypt 1978. B. A. (Law) University of Baghdad – Iraq 1970. Teaching Experience 1– 2008 – Present, Associate Professor, College of Law and

College of Business and Administration University of UAE.

2- 2002-7007,Associate Professor, College of Law and College of Business and Administration University of Bahrain.

2– 2000 – 2002, Associate Professor, College of Law. Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq

3– 1996 – 1998 Ass. Professor, College of Law Al-Zaytonee University – Jordan.

4– 1992 – 1995 Ass. Professor, College of Law, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq

.Publications in English 1 – Commercial Law of Bahrain published by University of

Bahrain, 2006. 2 – Commercial papers and Banking transactions published by

University of Bahrain, 2005. 3 – Bahrain commercial companies and Bankruptcy –

composition law published by University of Bahrain, 2004.

4 – An introduction to international law (Lecture for staff of Bahrain foreigner’s affair 2004).

5 – English for law students University of Bahrain (handout) 2003.

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Publications in Arabic language 1 – Settlement of disputes of intellectual property rights in international

commercial Treaties university of Bahrain 2006. 2 – The legal system of patent rights Dubai 2005. 3 – Protection of civilian people in Humanitarian international law

university of Bahrain 2005. 4 – Democracy and civil society Erbil 2000. 5 – Conveyance of Business Establishment Dar Al-Thakfa – distributing

and publishing. Jordan 2000. 6 – Commercial transactions (comparison study between Islamic law and

Swedish law (Article) university of Salah-Al-Din – Erbil. 1998. 7– Human Rights and Civil society Al-Rafid Distributing and

publishing, London 1994. 8– Swedish Family Law, Salahaddin University Erbil, Kurdistan 1995. 9– International Autonomy and International law (Article) Salahaddin

University 1995. 10 – Genocide crimes (Article) Erbil 1993. . Conferences 1-Conference on Alternative Dispute Resolution and Restorative

Justice.October12-13 2008,Abu Dhabi 2–Negotiation and interpreter of International commercial contracts.

Bahrain, ITC 2006. 3–Foundation and Principle of World Trade Organization (WTO).

Bahrain, ITC 2005 (English language). 4 – IT contract Bahrain, 2004 (English language). 5–Legal and Economic Aspects of the World Trade Organization

agreements. Dubai 2004. 6 –Intellectual Property Rights. WIPO. Bahrain 2003. 7 – Arbitration and Custom. Bahrain, ITC 2003. Language skills English, Arabic, Swedish, Kurdish,Turkmanish

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The Nature of Liability in terms of the Certificati on Service Provider in the Federal Law No. 1 of 2006

Dr. Kamran Al-Salhi

College of Law – UAE University

Given the importance of electronic transactions and encouraging the spread and confidence, besides the efforts to provide a legal framework for the completion of these transactions and documentation , the various States have begun to organize this transaction and to develop their legal rules. UAE was one of the first Arab countries which organized the electronic transactions. E-commerce law No 2 of 2002 was enacted in Dubai to regulate the terms, contracts and E-commerce transactions, and then E-government project implemented in 2002 to provide a suitable environment for interaction between the public sector, public and private sectors too in order to facilitate the conduct of electronic transactions and the legal validity of electronic document.

Following the mentioned law, the Federal Law No. 1 of 2006 is issued to facilitate E-business transactions and support the spread and consolidation of confidence in them. The importance of the role of the provider of certification services in the certification of electronic data transactions and certificates relating to electronic signature ;Legislature in the most legislation focused on defining the rights and duties of the certification service provider and the nature of his legal responsibility in order to establish confidence and trust in the minds of dealers in the electronic transactions.

During our reading it is show a lack of rules governing the responsibility of the provider service. UAE Legislature direction is to consider this responsibility based on the rules tort of liability which is not Appropriate with the importance and role of certification service provider or with his duties; therefore I believe that his obligation is contractual and he is bound to achieve a result rather than to take care and he should not be exempt from his responsibility except in the event of foreign cause.we suggest the development of special rules to Organize the providers

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Research abstracts and C.V

responsibility on the base of contractual responsibility; and exempt the victim to prove the causal relationship between fault and damage.

We focused in this research on the following issues:

A-the concept of treatment and methods of electronic authentication.

B- the nature of document and legal responsibility

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L�H � ���`/ 97��� #1 ��/! �� J���� ���K �� � J��� � -�H S�2�� ������/������ J��� � �� ��� � S�2 -� .

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The role of the written evidence in proving financial transactions

Al salheen Mohammed Abu Bakr Alayesh

University of Garyounis - Libya

This study shows, a new concept of: electronic evidence role in banking processes proof.

it resulted due to the current conditions of spreading of mass information's technology system of banking processes in which depended on some processes on digital alternatives with exception of writing on documents, where these options one performing the same duty and objectives and goals in good and quick manner at lower costs, so the international community aimed to find a frame work as an organizational legislative to make these banking processes are proper and to be more legalized.

The Libyan legislator tried to walk with these efforts; they enthroned that with the banks law release law no. one in 2005.

In which the item 97 legally considers the electronic documents and signatures in banking processes proof.

So, this study illuminates the proof of electronic document in proving of banking processes, concerning that The traditional document of a paper mediator and as well as the electronic document of a digital mediator have the same function of proof, as well as both they can be read, as well as it could not be modified all of which could be achieved through digital writings as well as they can be signed by issuer and it is available.

At last, it is clear that due to the legalization of electronic documents and signatures, we have to review the traditional rules of proof in Libyan law, and this achieved through the benefits taken of developed countries experiences as (United Arab Emirates), and other typical electronic processes laws such as typical "Onstral" law of digital commerce and "Onstral" law of electronic signatures.

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But the hypothetical and unseen shape to perform these digital transactions needs to be modified in some of current legislative laws, and creation of a newer law to face and organize this development.

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Electronic Mediation

Dr. Tariq Baccouch Assistant Professor of Private Law

Faculty of Imam Malik, the Sharia law in Dubai

We are looking forward to deal with the issue of the Idler Electronic because of the modern institution in Emirates Law (see the decision of the management corps council for the year 2007 No. 67; and the decision of the management corps council for the year 2001, No. 2) and because of its importance for the people who deals with it (the specialists, non-specialist in the market). The benefit of the study make sure for the relationship of this issue with the material Electronic Trade (federal Law, No. 1 for the year 2006) and the markets Laws (Federal Law No. 4 for the year 2000) besides to its association on the general theory for evidence and obligations (agency contact and service contract).

We tried in this research to adjust the law’s relationship which link the customer with the electronic idler according to the new decision and laws through some works and rights which acknowledged by Emirate’s law for both. This oblige on the researcher to converge to the given law (part one). And this also, this researcher aim to show the details of exchange agreement through the internet because it’s considered the general frame for the work which supposed to organize the following law relationships.

The research concluded with the insufficiency of the well-known institutions (agency contract with its various types, commission contract …) with knowing the electronic idler which considered to be a law process with private nature aim to serve the client.

We suggest the following:

Part 1: The given legislation

Part2: The qualification of the Electronic Idler

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Crimes relating to electronic payment Cards through internet

Dr. Amjad Hamdan Juhani

Judge in the Abu Dhabi Court of First Instance

Most of the wellknown Electronic payment cards converted to the current form of electronic payments, providing the holder a secret codes or passwords for the purposes of account transfer, withdrawal and depositing of cash amounts but with the advanced sophisticated system there are possibilities of risks for hunting such passwords by hackers and some internet users.

The holder is granted with a secret numbers or secret codes to use in the process of payment or transmission or in withdrawal of the moneys, entails up growth of risk related to the issue of possible software piracy for the secrete figures that roaming in the internet .

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Combating Criminal Activities Threatening Electronic Commerce

Dr. Rizgar Mohammed Kadir

Associate Professor College of Law & Politics Salahaddin University - Iraq

Although the electronic commerce has raised many complex legal

issues linked to different branches of the law, the most crucial legal question is the question of the legislative and non-legislative protection which might provide this important kind of commerce with a strong shield against the increasing criminal activities threatening it.

The criminal activities threatening electronic commerce are varied and might take so many forms. They, however, can be classified into two main categories; the criminal activities targeting computers and Internet, and the criminal activities targeting the electronic commerce particularly.

Combating criminal activities threatening electronic commerce requires from nations to adopt, at same time, more than one strategy. The first strategy is the legislative confrontation. This simply means enacting specific criminal legislation addressing different criminal activities which experience has approved their negative impacts on this kind of the commerce. Such criminal legislation must provide three different protections, a general criminal protection of the computer and Internet, a criminal protection of digital rights, and a direct criminal protection of the electronic commerce.

Another strategy is represented in self protection which is widely regarded as an indispensable line of defense against criminal activities threatening the electronic commerce. The private protection is not less effective than the law in decreasing the rate of criminal activities in the society.

The third strategy which should be adopted is the governmental measures including the adoption of new strategies and making a comprehensive review of the traditional models of law enforcement in

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order to successfully deal with computer criminals. Adequate training measures should be adopted for all individuals involving in prevention, investigation and prosecution of computer and Internet related criminal activities. Another measure in this kind is the establishment of special computer-competent police forces which all its officers should attain a minimal level of competency about the crimes they investigate. These special units have to be provided with the necessary technical equipments including the latest hardware and software.

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Page 162: Abstracts and CVS

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Research abstracts and C.V

Civil Responsibility Resulting from Mistakes in

The Dealings Which Are Done Through Electronic Media

Dr Mohammed Hatem Al BIAT

College of Law - University of Qatar

Signing electronic contracts involves a particular nature of its own as a result of its complicated strategy, as well as being prone to electronic piracy. Therefore, any failure or a mistake that undermines the credibility of electronic signature, used in electronic trade, would constitute a principle for legal responsibility involving the parties to the relevant electronic contract.

Hence, the party, which undertakes to verify an electronic signature has to be able to enter to the general key of the web site, and has to make sure that it conforms to the private key of the web site. However, any couple of general and private keys is not necessarily linked in substantial or actual terms to a certain person. It’s simply a couple of keys. There should be an effective strategy to link a person or an institution with a couple of keys. The present study supports the maintenance of the present solution to this problem, which lies in employing one trustworthy third party or more to link a certain signatory with a general definite key. In my opinion, this third party, which is called as Electronic Ratification Authority must enjoy electronic ratification credibility.

In principle, we have to state that both the signatory and the provider of electronic ratification services, more than any other party, bear responsibility for any mistake in electronic ratification, whereas the recipient’ mistake does not constitute a disruption of the credibility of electronic signature. Rather, in my view, it is closer to abusing their electronic signature-which leads to legal consequences that are taken into account in assessing damages for civil responsibility.

Page 163: Abstracts and CVS

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This study consists of an introduction and two chapters. The introduction discusses how to express one’s will in accordance with new technology, and how to verify the identity of parties to electronic contract process. Chapter one deals with the responsibility of the website and the recipient. Chapter two tackles the civil responsibility of the ratification services provider within the framework of performing their tasks.