Abstracts About Mirazid

7/28/2019 Abstracts About Mirazid

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Control of Schistosomiasis (haematobium and mansoni),

Fasioliasis and Other Intestinal Helminthes by Mirazid

Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governorate

Schistosomicdal activity of Myrrh, Commiphora

molmol (Mirazid)

Safety and effectiveness of an oleo-resin extract derivedfrom Myrrh, Commiphora molmol (Mirazid) againstschistosomiasis was reported in several laboratory andclinical trials(Massoud et al, 1996; Massoud, 1999a, Massoud, 1999b,

Massoud 1999c, Massoud et al, 2000, Massoud et al, 2002;Badria et al 2001; El-Maaty 2002; Sheir, et al, 2001; Gab-Allah et al 2001; and El baz et al 2003).Massoud AM, El-Ashmawy, IM, Hemeda SA, and Salama

OM. (2000): Haematological, Chromosomal andTeratogenic Studies of A New Shistosomicidal AgentDerived from Myrrh. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci.; 14(1):61-68.

Summary: Mirazid is a new natural schistosomicidal andfasciolicidal agent obtained fro Myrrh (the oleo-gum-resinof Commiphora molmol, Burseraceae). Haematologicalparameters as well as liver and kidney functions wereassessed in male albino rats following oral administrationof Mirazid at 3 different dose levels of 50,100 and 200mg/kg body weight once daily for eight weeks. Bloodsmples were collected after 1,2,4 and 8 weeks of drug

administration. The effect of Mirazid on chromosomalcytology was investigated following oral daily doses ofeither 50 or 200 mg/kg for 2 months. The influence of thedrug preparation on prenatal fetal skeleton was studiedfollowind dosing of female rats starting from day 6 to day15 of pregnancy by 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg and ending theexperiment on day 19. Results showed no statisticallysignificant changes in the blood levels of the studied1


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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governorateabnormalities were not altered by Mirazid. The serumtestosterone level of all treated groups was not affectedby Mirazid. Moreover, Mirazid proved to be safe for the

liver and kidney as shown from histological studies onthese organs with insignificant effects on bile flow.

Masoud AM. (1999): Efficacy of "Myrrh" as a newschistosomicide; an experimental study. Ain ShamsMedical Journal; 50(10, 11& 12):1287-1298.

Summary: The antischistosomal activity of Myrrh (oleo-

gum-resin of the stem "Commiphora molmol") wasevaluated in hamsters infected (120 cercariae each) withEgyptian strain of Schistosoma mansoni. Twelve groups(30 animals per group) were exposed to variousformulations of Myrrh. Three groups were treated withcrude plant emulsion at 180, 90 and 45 mg/kg. Threegroups were treated with volatile oils separated from theplant by water and steam distillation at 30,15 and

7.5mg/kg. Three groups were treated with resinsseparated from the plant in doses of 60,15 and 7.5 mg/kgb.w. Three groups were given the resin plus the volatileoil at the above mentioned doses. Each dose was givenorally over a period of 3 days in 3 equally divided doses onempty stomach after overnight fasting & eating is allowedafter one hour. Treatment started 8 weeks posinfection.Hamsters were autopsied and worm and tissue egg count

as well as oogram studies were determined 1,2 and 4weeks post-tratment. All treated groups experienced asignificant reduction in worm and egg-tissue burden andgave effective oogram changes. Some treated groups hada 100% reduction in worm burden. Liver enzymes (Alk.Phos., ALT and AST) rose transiently in groups receivingthe crude plant but not in the other groups. We concluded

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum GovernorateConclusion:The efficacy of Myrrh andTriclabendazole(TCBZ) on Praziquantel (PZQ) insusceptibleS. mansoni isolates as compared to PZQ taken as a

reference drug was studied to find out alternatives to PZQtherapy in the treatment of Schistosomiasis especiallywhen resistance to PZQ develops It was concluded thatMyrrh is generally more effective as an antischistosomaldrug than Triclabendazole and Praziquantel especiallywhen resistance to Praziquantel develops. This situationmay be of a great value in solving the problem of Drugresistance in the future.

Massoud AM, (1999b): Myrrh; A schistosomicide forHuman Shistosomiasis haematobium. Ain ShamsMedical Journal ;50(10,11,12): 1401-1417.

Summary: This study was carried out to testschistosomicidal activity and therapeutic efficacy ofcombined therapy of resin and volatile oil derived fromMyrrh (Oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stem of

Commiphora molmol) on human active Schistosomiasishaematobium and also to study tolerability, side effects,hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the drug. Six groupswere studied, three normal volunteer groups and threeSchistosomiasis haematobium groups withouthepatosplenomegaly. 3 different drug regimens wereevaluated; 15, 10, 5 mg/kg b.w./day for 3 cosecutive days.The drug, in the 15 mg/kg, had caused radical clinico-

parasitological cure. It was well tolerated without sideeffects. It is not hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic.

Massoud AM, (1999c): Myrrh; A Schistosomicide forHuman Shistosomiasis mansoni. Ain Shams MedicalJournal; 50(10,11,12): 1383-1400.

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum GovernorateSummary:This study was carried out to testschistosomicidal activity and therapeutic efficacy ofcombined therapy of resin and volatile oil derived from

Myrrh (Oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stem ofCommiphora molmol) on human active mansoniasis andalso to study tolerability, side effects, hepatotoxicity andnephrotoxicity of the drug. Six groups were studied, threenormal volunteer groups and three mansoniasis groupswithout hepatosplenomegaly. 3 different drug regimenswere evaluated. The drug had caused radical clinico-parasitological cure. It was well tolerated without side

effects. It is not hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic.

Massoud AM, Galal MM, and Bennet, JL (1996):

Experimental studies demonstrating theantischistosomal activity of Myrrh (Commiphoramolmol). Proceeding of 45th Ann. Meet. Am. Soc. Trop.Hyg., 322.

Summary:Here we report results on the therapeuticefficacy, toxicity and side effects of a special formulationof Myrrh in human volunteers and in human infected withS. mansoni complicated with hepatosplenomegaly. Weobserved no significant side effects. Liver and renalfunction tests were normal in all uninfected patients at1,2,4, and 8 weeks post treatment. In infected patientselevated SGOT and alkaline phosphatase were normalizedafter treatment. SGPT showed significant drop aftertreatment, but still higher than normal. Elevated bloodurea and serum creatinine were normalized aftertreatment. Infected patients excreted, on average, 181eggs per gram feces, but this value dropped to 4 EPG 8weeks after treatment and all were dead. Percentage ofdistal polypi and colonic ulcer cases dropped significantlyafter treatment.Also we had a significant drop in the

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governoratepercentage of cases having significant antibody titre aftertreatment.

Sheir Z, Nasr AA, Massoud A, Salama O, Badra GA, El-

Shennawy H, Hassan N, Hammad SM.( 2001): A safe,effective, herbal antischistosomal therapy derivedfrom myrrh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Dec;65(6):700-4.

Summary:: Schistosomiasis is a widespread helminthicdisease. Treatment of schistosomiasis is based onchemotherapy with praziquantel, which is the drug of

choice. Since resistance to praziquantel has beendemonstrated, alternative drugs must be considered.Myrrh is an oleo-gum resin from the stem of the plantCommiphora molmol. This study was carried out on 204patients with schistosomiasis. The drug was given at adose of 10 mg/kg of body weight/day for three days, andinduced a cure rate of 91.7%. Re-treatment of cases whodid not respond with a dose of 10 mg/kg of body

weight/day for six days gave a cure rate of 76.5%,increasing the overall cure rate to 98.09%. The drug waswell tolerated, and side effects were mild and transient.Twenty cases provided biopsy specimens six months aftertreatment and none of them showed living ova.

Gab-Allah M, El-Gilany A, El Shazly A, Motawea SM, (2001):

Control of Schistosomiasis in a Rural area using a

new safe effective herbal treatment , J EnvironmentalSciences, 21: 63-84.

Summary: Schistomiasis remains a public health problemin Egypt, despite the continucus control effort. Most of theentischistosomal drugs have side effects or low efficacy.This necessitates a search for new safe and effectivedrug . This study assessa the effectiveness of Mirazid7


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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governorate(combination of resin and oil extracted from Myrrh;Commiphora molmol) as a new herbal drug for truatmentof schistosoma mansoni in field situatione in kafr El-Hessa

village. Mirazid was given to 364 diagnosed cases ofS.mansoni in a dose of 10 mg/kg . body weight for threeconsecutive days on empty stomach one hour beforebreakfast. Clinical follow up was performed and synptomswere recorded before treatment and throughout the followup period. They wear followed up by Kato stool analysisand hatching at 2; 4; 6; 8 and 12 weeks after treatment.Three months after treatment rectal and colonic snips

were taken to assess cure. There was significantsymptomatic improvement . Side effects were minimal andnegligible . The cure ates, 3 months after a single courseof treatment were;91.8% by kato, 95.9% by hatching and96.7% by colonic and rectal snip. No immature ova weredetected in all snips. Cases not responding to a singlecourse of treatment showed marked reduction of eggintensity. We conclude that Mirazid is effective in

prevention and control of S. mansoni infection under fieldconditions

El Baz MA, Morsy TA, El-Bendary MM, Motawea SM. (2003):

Clinical and parasitological studies of the efficacy ofMirazid in treatment of Schistosomiasishaematobium in Tatoon, Etsa center, El FayoumGovernorate . J Egypt Soc Parasitol. Dec;33(3): 763 - 772

Summary:No doubt, schistosomiasis tops all the endemicparasitic diseases world-wide particularly in Egypt. Thisstudy evaluated the efficacy of Mirazid (Commiphoramolmol) in the treatment of parasitologically and clinicallyand ultrasonography confir-med cases of schistosomiasishaematobium in Tatoon village. A sum of 70 out of 885

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governorateindividuals of both sexes (>15 to 60 years old) screenedfor S. haematobium infection were selected. They hadlight infection (1-10 eggs/10 ml.), moderate infection (10-

100 eggs/10 ml.) and heavy infection (>100/10 ml.). Theywere subjected to urine and stool analysis, renal functiontests, clinical examination and abdomino-pelvicultrasound. They were treated with Mirazid as 10mgm/Kg.However, eight of them were unable to swallow the drug.Out of the 62 schistosomiasis haematobium patients, 57(91.9%) were cured after two months follow up and thecure rate reached 59 (95.2%) on the 3rd month post-

Mirazid treatment. The cure result was evaluatedclinically, parasitologically and ultrasonographically. So,Mirazid in a dose of two capsules (600 mgm) on an emptystomach before breakfast for six successive days provedto be very effective and safe in the treatment ofschistosomiasis haematobium.

Molluscicidal and Cercaricidal activities of Myrrh,

Commiphora molmol (Mirazid)

Masoud AM, Fawzy SM , Salama OM (2000): Laboratory

studies on the molluscidal and cercaricidal activitiesof Commiphora molmol; Egypt. J.Aquat. Biol. & Fish;4(2): 251-266.

Summary: Purified oil and oleo-resin extracts of theArabian or Somali gum Commiphora molmol 9family:Burseraceae) were used as plant molluscides against the

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governoratevector snails Biomphalaria alexandrina, Bulinus truncatesand Lymnaea natalensis. The results indicated that oilextract possesses a higher molluscidal potency than oleo-

resin. The mortality rate of exposed snails was increasedby prolongation of the exposure time. The LC50 values forthe oil extract against Lymnea natalensis were quite lowerthan those utilized with B. alexandrina and B. truncates.These values were 5, 4 &3 ppm. For exposure periods of24, 48 & 96 hours respectively. Conversely, the oleo-resinextract showed a more pronounced cercaricidal potencythan the oil. Total death of cercariae was remarked after

1/4h of exposure to 10.5& 2.5 ppm.

El Shazly A, Motawea SM, El-Gilany A, Salama O, Massoud

A, Gab-Allah M. (2001): preliminary study of themolluscicidal activity of Myrrh, J EnvironmentalSciences, 21: 153-162.

Summary:Two materials are extracted from Commiphora

molmol and both showed a high molluscicidal effect onBiomphalaria alexandrina and Lymnaea cailliaudi. The oilextract is more potent than oleo-resin. A concentration of10 ppm of oil extract killed 100% of Biomphalariaalexandrina after 4th day and killed Lymnaea cailliaudi ata concentration 10 ppm after 5th day. Oleo-resin extractkilled all Biomphalaria alexandrina in a concentration 15ppm but all Lymnaea cailliaudi are killed in a

concentration 20 ppm after 5th day

Allam AF, el-Sayad MH, Khalil SS. Laboratoryassessment of the molluscicidal activity ofCommiphora molmol (Myrrh) on Biomphalariaalexandrina, Bulinus truncatus and Lymnaeacailliaudi. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2001 Dec;31(3):683-90

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governorate

Summary: The molluscicidal properties of the oil extractof Commiphora molmol (Myrrh) were tested against

Egyptian snail species: Biomphalaria alexandrina, Bulinustruncatus and Limnaea cailliaudi. The impact of theextract on the egg cluches of B. alexandrina and L.cailliaudi was also evaluated. Snails and their eggs wereexposed for 24 and 48 hr at 22-26 degrees C to variousconcentrations of the extract. The results showeddifferent susceptibilities B. alexandrina showed higherLD50 and LD90 (155, 195 ppm) than B. truncatus (50, 95

ppm) and L. cailliaudi (50, 85 ppm) after 24 hr exposure.100% mortality was obtained for the egg cluches of B.alexandrina and L. cailliaudi at concentrations of 100 ppmand 75 ppm respectively. Lower concentrations wereneeded to obtain the same results after 48 hr. The presentlaboratory studies demonstrated that Myrrh has amolluscicidal effect on the snail intermediate hosts,particularly on their eggs.

Field studies are recommended.

Massoud AM, Habib FS (2003). The effects of Myrrh(Commiphora molmol) on the infected snails ofSchistosoma sp and their egg masses; Effect onshedding of cercariae and on snail fecundity; J EgyptSoc Parasitol. 2001 Dec;33(2):585-596.

Summary: Myrrh has molluscicidal effect on infectedBulinus truncates and Biomphalaria alexandrina snails atlow concentrations (10 & 20 ppm respectively) after 24hours exposure. The number of dead snails increased withprolongation of exposure time. All Schistosoma freecercariae were killed by 2.5 ppm within 15 minutes. Oneday-old egg masses were more susceptible to the ovicidal

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governorateeffect of Myrrh than the five-day old ones. Both types ofeggs were more resistant to the effect of Myrrh than theadult snails, embryogenesis began to stop at 20 ppm and

eggs were all killed at 60 & 80 ppm. Shedding of crcariaeof Schistosoma mansoni from infected B. alexandrinastopped at 1ppm and was suppressed at 0.8 ppm. Snailfecundity decreased at 1 ppm.

Fasciolicidal activity of Myrrh, Commiphora

molmol (Mirazid)Massoud A, El Sisi S, Salama O, Massoud A. Preliminarystudy of therapeutic efficacy of a new fasciolicidaldrug derived from Commiphora molmol (myrrh). AmJ Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Aug;65(2):96-9.

Summary: Myrrh (from the stem of the Commiphoramolmol tree) is an oleo gum resin that may proveefficacious for the treatment of fascioliasis. We studied 7patients who were passing Fasciola eggs in their stoolsand treated them with myrrh. The drug (a formulationconsisting of 8 parts of resin and 3.5 parts of volatile oils,all extracted from myrrh) was given in a dose of 12 mg/kgper day for 6 consecutive days in the morning on an empty

stomach. Patients were followed for 3 months. Thetherapy proved to be effective, with pronouncedimprovement of the general condition and amelioration ofall symptoms and signs. A dramatic drop in the egg countwas detected at the end of treatment. Eggs were nolonger detectable in the feces 3 weeks after treatmentand after a follow-up period of 3 months. High eosinophilic

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governoratecounts, elevated liver enzymes, and Fasciola antibodytiters returned to nearly normal. No signs of toxicity oradverse effects were observed. We conclude that the

formulation of myrrh is safe, well tolerated, and effectivefor treating fascioliasis.

El Gohary Y, Massoud A, Helmi M, Kassem M, Abdo A,

Hanno A, salama O. (1999): Pilot Study of a newFasciolicidal Drug (Myrrh). Alexandia Medical Journal;14(1):12-26.

Summary: Till now there is no satisfactory treatment forfasciola infection in man. The current available treatmentare not satisfactory either due to low effectiveness or hightoxicity. This work was conducted to evaluate a recentschistosomicidal (drug) Myrrh in the treatment of humanfascioliasis. The treatment was conducted on 17 patientswith active fascioliasis. Repeted stool examination,serological assay for fasciola besides esinophilia were the

main tools for diagnosis. Moreover liver functions andrenal functions were done for evaluating the effect oftherapy. In conclusion, Myrrh has proved to be a potentfasciolicidal drug with a cure rate of 94%. In the dose usedand in the present series of patients no obvious sideeffects was observed.Motawea SM, El-Gilany A, Gab-Allah M, Emara F, El Shazly

A, (2001): Control of Fasciola in an Egyptian endemicrural area a new safe effective fasciolicidal herbaldrug, J Environmental Sciences, 21: 85-104.

Summary: This is a filed trial carried out in Kafr El-Hessavillage (12 km from Mansoura) to test the efficacy andsafety of Mirazid (combination from oleo-resin extract

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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum Governoratecases were subjected to history taking and clinicalexamination before treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment. Stool examination by Kato technique was

repeated weekly for four weeks after treatment. Therewas overt clinical and laboratory improvement. Sideeffects were minimal and minimal and negligible .Parasitological cure rate was 97.9% at 4 weeks aftertreatment . This rate was higher in cases with mixedinfection . Cases remsining postivie after single course oftreatment showed markedreduction of egg count which isof utmost pubic health sigificance as it decreases the

transmission of the disease in the counity. We concludethat Mirazid is safe and effective in the treatment ofhetrophyiasis under field conditions. We recommend itsclinical use

Massoud A, El-Gilany A, Motawea SM, El Shazly A, Gab-

Allah M. (2001): Effectiveness and safety of a newcestodicidal herbal drug, J Environmental Sciences, 21:

105-120.

Summary: Infections with intestinal cestodes are stillcommon in rural Egypt and their control posses a publichealth problem. This is a field trial carried out in Kafr El-Hessa village (12 km from Mansoura) to test the efficacyand safety of Mirazid (combination from oleo-resin extractfrom Myrrh, Commiphora molmol) in the treatment of

cestode infections. The following cases were included inthe study after taking a written consent; 51 cases ofHymenolepis nana, (9 of them were suffering from otherparasites i.e. mixed infestation), two cases of Hymeolepisdiminuta, they were mixed and one case of Taeniasaginata . Mirazid was given in a dose of 10 mg/kg/d. for 3consecutive days one hour before breakfast for casessuffering from H. nana and H. diminuta and for 1316


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Drug in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya, Fayoum GovernorateMassoud A, El-Gilany A, Motawea SM, El Shazly A, SalamaO, Gab-Allah M. (2001): Does Mirazid have a hetrophicidalactivity?, J Environmental Sciences, 21: 139-152.

Massoud A, Motawea SM, El-Gilany A, El Shazly A, SittenA, Gab-Allah M. (2001): Mirazid, a new herbal treatment highlyeffective against intestinal Nematodes. A study carried out underfield conditions in rural Egypt, J Environmental Sciences, 21: 121-138.Massoud AM, El-Ashmawy, IM, Naser MA, and Salama OM.(2002): MIRAZID;A New Shistosomicidal Agent Derived fromMyrrh: Studies on its influence on male reproductive organs and

bile flow. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci.; 16(2):82-87.Massoud AM, Habib FS (2003).The effects of Myrrh(Commiphora molmol) on the infected snails of Schistosoma spand their egg masses; Effect on shedding of cercariae and onsnail fecundity; J Egypt Soc Parasitol.;33(2):585-596.Motawea SM, El-Gilany A, Gab-Allah M, Emara F, El ShazlyA, (2001): Control of Fasciola in an Egyptian endemic rural areaa new safe effective fasciolicidal herbal drug, J Environmental

Sciences, 21: 85-104.Sheir Z, Nasr AA, Massoud A, Salama O, Badra GA, El-Shennawy H, Hassan N, Hammad SM.( 2001): A safe,effective, herbal antischistosomal therapy derived from myrrh.Am J Trop Med Hyg. Dec;65(6):700-4.

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Abstracts About Mirazid