Abstract RF Link

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RF Link for Mobile Tower Control

INTRODUCTION

Mobile telephony networks require connectivity solutionsto support the link between base stations and the Mobile

Switching Center.

We introduce a highly attractive alternative to these

options point-to-multipoint wireless and detail the design and

benefit of this solution.

Point to multipoint technology is a highly attractive

alternative for implementing mobile base station feeding

solutions. Point to multipoint present significant advantages

over traditional backhaul methods such as leased lines and point

to point wireless

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LITERATURE SURVEY

Idea of the project:-The basic idea of this project evolved from an article

displayed on the website www.alverion.com. We search this topic

on a search engine www.google.com and got brief information

about the topic. Its quite interesting because for the last few

years there was point to point technology. In this technology

there was some drawback and difficulties.

Point to multipoint technology is an advanced version of

point to point technology. The technology equipment and

installation cost is low. The speed and flexibility is comparatively

higher.

Motivational aspect:-

Due to the ever increasing demand for speed in mobiletelephony with the emergence of 3G technology.

Base Station Feeding Using Point-to-Multipoint

Point-to-multipoint technology is a highly attractive

alternative for implementing mobile base station feeding

solutions. Point-to-multipoint presents significant advantages

over traditional backhaul methods such as leased lines and

point-to-point wireless.

In a point-to-multipoint architecture, a central site connects

to multiple remote locations, sharing frequency spectrum and

equipment. When used in a base station feeding application,

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several cellular Base Transceiver Stations are connected to a single

radio and antenna at the Base Station Controller.

This concept allows for smooth network growth and

expansion, and facilitates optimization as user patterns change - byallowing dynamic allocation of backhaul channels to any base

station. When a base station requires more channels, additional

bandwidth is simply allocated on the backhaul link by a network

management command, limited only by the total capacity of the

central site.

With point-to-multipoint there is no need to license

individual links. Point-to-multipoint systems are licensed on a one-time basis. All additions and changes are covered by the original

approval, and do not require regulator intervention.

Using a point-to-multipoint system requires a specific

license from the regulator. The allocated frequency band is

licensed for the exclusive use of the licensee. With the current

telecom downturn, obtaining a point-to-multipoint license has

become easier than ever. Once the operator owns this spectrum, thelicensing issue is over. In cases where spectrum is not available to

the mobile operator, it may be leased from the license holders, or,

alternatively, backhaul services may be purchased from a

broadband wireless access operator.

Unite

With point-to-multipoint, radio planning is performed only

once for an entire area, using methods and tools similar to those

used for cellular telephony. Adding base stations does not require

additional radio planning, so long as backhaul capacity has beenreserved for growth.

Installing base station backhaul in point-to-multipoint

system is much simpler than in a point-to-point system. Once the

point-to-multipoint central site is installed and radio planning is

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completed, connecting a new link becomes relatively an easy task.

As the central site of the point-to-multipoint system covers a wide

area, radio alignment at the mobile base station is easy and can be

performed quickly, often by a single technician.

With point-to-multipoint, the number of antennas at the

Base Station Controller is greatly reduced. Unlike the point-to-

point solution, a single central site antenna serves multiple BTS

sites. Typically, a maximum of four antennas will cover an entire

area. This improvement not only decreases space requirements and

wind-load on antenna masts, but also reduces the environmental

and esthetic impact of backhaul deployment.

Point-to-multipoint systems offer significant cost savings

over point-to-point. Since with point-to-multipoint, the central site

radios and antennas are shared by multiple base station sites, the

total cost of the system is reduced. In addition, due to mass

production for Broadband Wireless Access applications, the cost of

individual point-to-multipoint radios is lower than those of their

point-to-point equivalents. All-in all, point-to-multipoint systems

can offer equipment cost savings of 50% or more, when comparedto point-to-point systems. Moreover, point-to-multipoint systems

also feature lower operating costs: There are fewer units to

manage, and the remote terminals are managed as one system with

the central site.

Unlike leased lines, a point-to-multipoint solution does not

involve payment of an expensive monthly charge. It gives the

mobile operator independence from its competitor, the fixed

telephony service provider, and allows the cellular system to bedeployed at its own pace - with no dependence on slow moving,

bureaucratic phone companies. Point-to multipoint systems are

orders of magnitude less expensive than installing private lines,

which require digging and laying of copper or fiber infrastructure.

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Cellular operators deploying point-to-multipoint systems

for base station backhaul can, relatively easily, utilize the same

infrastructure to provide Broadband Wireless Access services to

business and residential users. Cellular Operators can thus

capitalize on additional revenue sources by providing new servicesand applications using the same infrastructure and with minimal

additional cost.

Point to Point Technology

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Point to Multipoint Technology

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Block Diagram

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Circuit Block Diagram:

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Block Diagram Details

Base station controller:It contains: 1. Base control PC2. RF Transceiver

1. Base Control PC:The PC contains some hardware and software. The operator

gives the control command or operation command to the PC

and the PC gives signal to the transceiver station.

2. Transceiver:

The transceiver set contains a set of transmitter and receiver.These signals transmitted through RF frequency or any

acknowledged signal received from the base station.

Substation:It also contains the following blocks

1. Substation transceiver

2. Interfacing PC

3. Controller Hardware

1. Substation Transceiver:It receives or transmits the signal and then sends it to the

interfacing PC.

2. Interfacing PC:It contains softwares like C, VB .They convert substation

transceiver output signal into the input signal to controller

hardware.

3. Controller Hardware:It receives the signal from interfacing PC and analyzes it

and then operates the machine connected to the hardware

in substation i.e. stepper motor, relay etc. It then receives

the previously acknowledged signal and transmits it back

to the base station through transceiver. The base station

then analyses this signal and takes necessary action.

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ADVANTAGES

1. Point to multipoint systems offer significant cost

Savings over point to point.2. Unlike Leased lines, point to multipoint solutions

does not involve payment of an expensive monthly

charge.

3. Equipment cost is low

4. Installation speed is high

5. High Flexibility.

6. Single technician can handle mobile base station.

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COMPARISON

ParameterP2MP

P2P

Equipment Cost Low Moderate

Installation Cost Low High

Operational Cost Low High

Install speed Fast Moderate

Flexibility High Low

RF License Regional Per Link

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APPLICATIONS

1. Can be used in outskirt areas:

There are many places where it is not possible to go

frequently ( viz. hill stations, deserts, jungles ) ,but communication

is of utmost importance there too.So we can use this technique

for uninterrupted communication in these types of places too.

2. Can be used for advanced Mobile Telephony:

This technique can not only be used in normalcommunication but also in the advanced mobile telephony..

3. Can be used in military applications:

Communication is very essential in warfare these days.Many important battles are won because one has better

communication than the other. So this technique of communicationcan also be used in military applications as the military has to work

in very hostile conditions.

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Conclusion

When compared to traditional base station feeding options,point-to-multipoint solutions present significant advantages over

other backhaul technologies in terms of cost, deployment speed,

scalability and flexibility and thus provide an edge over its

traditional counterpart.

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Abstract RF Link