1. Abstract Design Design is the first step in development phase for any engineering product or system. It may be defined as the process of applying various techniques and principles for the purpose of defining the process or a system in sufficient detail to permit its physical relation.

Abstract design is a concept or idea that indicates the creation of something in the mind using a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual reference in the world. The design activity begins when the requirements document for the software to be developed is available. While the requirements specification activity is entirely in the problem domain, design is the first step in moving from the problem domain to solution domain. The goal of design process is to produce a model or representation of a system, which can be used later to build that system.

1.1 Architectural Design Design phase starts with the requirement document delivered by the requirement phase and maps the requirements into architecture. Architecture defines the components, their interface and behavior. Architectural Design is a creative process where we try to establish a system organization that will satisfy the functional and non-functional system requirements. It contains components that are the building blocks of the system. The interface is the architectural surface where independent components meet and communicate with each other. Interface defines the behavior where one component responds to the stimuli of another component’s action. The product of architectural design process is an architectural design document. This may include a number of graphical representations of the system along with associated descriptive text.

1.2 Use Case Diagrams

Use case diagram is used to identify the primary elements and processes that form the system. The primary elements are called as “actors” and the processes are called as “use cases”. Use case diagram is a graph of actors, a set of use cases enclosed by system boundary, communication association between the actors and use cases. The use case diagrams describes how a system interacts with the outside actors, each use case represents a piece of functionality that a system provides to its user. A use case is known as ellipse containing the name of a use case and an actor is shown as stick figure with the name of the actor below the figure.

In this use case diagram of Online Voting System there are 3 actors:

Administrator logins to the system, displays the candidates details and checks voter details allow the voter to vote and filters the result, prioritizes and displays them.

Voter selects candidate, cast vote Server will get the query from admin and send it to admin

Functional Design

Functional design is a paradigm used to simplify the design of computer software. Each modular part of functional design has only one responsibility and performs it with the minimum of side effects on the other parts. Functional design means that the product’s functionality is taken into account in important ways as it is built.

Modular Design Diagram

Modular design is an approach that subdivides the system into modules that can be independently created and then used in different system to drive multiple functionalities. Some complex system can be broken down into simple subsystem which works together when combined.

The modular design for ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM contains following module:

Normal Interactive mode: Fingerprint scanning Processing the scanned fingerprint Selecting the candidate.

Election mode : Vote count of candidate stored in server database Result announced immediately after election.

ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM

Fig 2.1.1 Modular design for online voting system

2.2 Data Flow Diagram

Data flow diagram is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an information system used for visualization of the data processing. A DFD is a significant modeling technique for analyzing and constructing information process. It explained the course of movements of information in a process based on input and outputs. So, it is also called process model.

DFD can used to provide the end user with the physical idea of where e the data they input is immediately effect on the structure of the whole system.

In online voting system any number of voter and candidates name and other details are registered to the system, the registration details will be stored on the database, add voter, updated the voter details, remove the voter from the list and also candidate update process are operated and controlled by the admin. Once voter is registered he/she can vote for the particular candidate by touch screen monitor, vote count of candidate stored in server database.

Normal Interactive

Mode

Election Mode

Fingerprint scanning

Selecting candidates

Vote count is stored in server

Voting result announced

Sequence diagram

Class diagram

Class diagram provides a graphic notation for modeling classes and their relationships, therby describing the possible objects. In this class diagram the classes are represented with the boxes which contain 3 parts:

The upper part holds the name of the class

The middle part contains the attribute of the class

The bottom part gives the methods or operations that the class can take

In the design of a system, a number of classes are identified and grouped together in a class diagram which helps to determine the statistical relations between those objects. With the

detailed modeling, the classes of the conceptual design are often split into the number of subclasses.

Class diagram for online voting system

Control Flow Design

ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

An activity diagram shows the overall workflow behavior of a system. They describe the business and operational step by step workflows in a system. Activity diagrams can show activities that are conditional and parallel.

Fig 1.1 shows the activity diagram for the administrator. The administrator enters the voters and candidates details before voting into the system. The administrator also creates /updates/delete details in case of any changes are to be done. Once the election is done, the administrator has to generate reports and display the result.

Fig 1.2 shows the activity diagram for the voter and proposed system. Voter makes his thumb impression into the system. The system scans for the match. If no match found, the voter is not allowed to vote. If match found, then the candidate details are displayed and the voter selects his/her candidate and caste vote. These details are then stored into the database.

Administrator

Pre-voting Post-voting

Fig 1.1 activity diagram for administrator

Voter-system

Fig.1.2 Activity diagram for voter and proposed system

Algorithm for logic implementation

1. Enter fingerprint proof of voter2. Scan system for the match3. If match found allow voter to vote4. Select the candidate to vote5. Conform the candidate and cast vote6. Update voter data7. Save candidate and his vote counts8. Send data to the database9. Generate report and publish results