Absorption Cooling and on - Energy Dynamics Limited

Energy Dynamics LimitedIn association with

BROAD Group

Introduction to Energy Dynamics Limited Introduction to BROAD Group Absorption Cooling Technology LPG Absorption Overview of Energy Structure in Jamaica Cogeneration LPG Absorption Feasibility Conculsion Thanks

Energy Dynamics Limited (EDL) is an Energy Services Company (ESCo) based in Trinidad and Tobago but operating throughout the Caribbean for over ten (10) years.

Commenced in 2000 Member Caribbean Hotel Association Operates throughout Caribbean Barbados (EDL Renewables) Eastern Caribbean Dominican Republic Dutch Caribbean – St. Maarten, Aruba & Curacao

Provides Energy & Environmentally Friendly Solutions

Manage US$ 15 M in Projects Annually

Energy Dynamics Limited exists to profitably provide the most economically and environmentally friendly solutions to satisfy our customers.

In support of this we are committed to: Developing long term relationships through effective customer

service; Keeping in the forefront of technology through training and educating

our employees and customers; Evaluating and selecting appropriate technologies to meet our

customer’s needs; Providing a challenging, profitable and harmonious work environment

for our employees; Building and maintaining long term and honest relationships with our

suppliers.

Energy Engineering Services Energy Audits Design of Building M & E Energy Systems HVAC, Plumbing & Electrical Systems Cogeneration Systems Feasibility Studies

Corporate Utility Management Programs (CUMP)

Supply of Energy Efficient Solutions Renewable Energy Systems – Solar Thermal & PV Project Financing (ESCo)

Broad Air Conditioning Systems Building Management Systems Energy Recovery & Dehumidification

Systems Active & Passive Chilled Beams Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

Energy Dynamics Limited - "Buy the Power to Save"








Energy Dynamics Limited - "Buy the Power to Save" 13



Broad Air Conditioning Certified Service Engineers

Alerton BMS Certified Engineers AEE - Certified Energy Managers FSEC Certified PV Engineers FSEC Certified Solar Thermal Engineers AEE - Distributed Generation Certified

Professionals HVAC Engineering Technicians (York, Mc. Quay, LG).

Customer US Million DollarsPetrotrin Oil - HVAC 4.4

Petrotrin Oil - Mechanical 1.0E-Teck - HVAC 2.0E-Teck - BMS 0.6

One Woodbrook Place - HVAC 5.0One Woodbrook Place - BMS 1.0US Embassy Barbados - BMS 0.4

Secondary Schools - HVAC 13.0Primary Schools - HVAC 1.9

Social Development Tower - HVAC 3.0

Customer Location Chiller Quantity Chiller capacity (Rt) Total capacity (Rt) Year of

commissioning

Hospital Trinidad 2 66 132 2003

Commercial Building Trinidad 3 20 60 2004


NGC Warehouse Trinidad 2 100 200 2005

Hospital Trinidad 1 66 66 2005

Accra Beach Resort Barbados 3 66 198 2006

The Crane Resort Barbados 2 248 496 2007

OWP Apartment Complex Trinidad 2 1300 2600 2008


Financial Complex Trinidad 1 413 413 2009

Commercial Office Dominican Republic 1 20 20

Customer Location Chiller Quantity Chiller capacity (Rt) Total capacity (Rt) Year of

commissioning

Secondary School Trinidad 1 66 66 2010

Secondary School Trinidad 2 165 330 2010

Chemical Laboratory Trinidad 3 331 993 2011

Commercial Building Trinidad 3 250 750 TBC

Hotel Dominican Republic 1 661 661 TBC

Secondary School Trinidad 3 2 *165 + 66 396 2011

Secondary School Trinidad 3 2 *165 + 66 396 TBC

Secondary School Trinidad 3 2 *165 + 66 396 TBC

University of Trinidad & Tobago Trinidad 2 1300 2600 TBC

University Jamaica 3 800 2,400 TBC

© Caribbean 2011 1

Distributed Energy System & BROAD CCHP case study

Energy Cooperation Forum

November 21, 2011

© Caribbean 2011 2

BROAD & key technology of CCHP LiBr absorption chiller

BROAD covers an area of 1 km2 / 100 hectaresThe 2nd BROAD Town is 3 times bigger.

Developing Milestones•First direct-fired non-electric chiller (DFA) manufactured in China (1992)•World's largest manufacturer and seller of non-electric chillers (since 1996)•World's only manufacturer remotely monitoring all chillers (since 1996) •World's first exhaust-fired non-electric chiller (1999)•World's first multi-energy non-electric chiller (2001)•World's smallest non-electric chiller (2002) & largest central air conditioning (2003)

•A private group with 2,400+ employees.•Established in 1988 with USD 3,000 by Mr. Zhang Yue. •No.1 global seller of absorption chillers since 1996•25,000+ installations in 70+ countries. •No. 1 global market share.•Nineteen straight years profitable, fourteen•straight years loan-free and eleven straight years •top tax payer among Chinese private companies.

© Caribbean 2011 3

BROAD Facts

A private enterprise with 2,000+ employees. Established in 1988 with US$3,000. No.1 global seller of absorption chillers since 1996 25,000+ installations in 70+ countries. No. 1 global market share. Nineteen straight years profitable, fourteen

straight years loan-free and eleven straight years top tax payer among Chinese private companies.

© Caribbean 2011 4World’s largest production lines for absorption chillers

BROAD Facilities

© Caribbean 2011 5

TESTING PLATFORM

100+ testing beds to test all performances of 23kW ~ 11.63MW chillers. The largest and most advanced testing platform for absorption chillers all over the world.

BROAD Facilities

© Caribbean 2011 6

BROAD Facilities

© Caribbean 2011 7

Whole unit shoot-blasting

2 x 1,632m3 shoot-blasting machines ensure:1. Clearing the metal rust and enhancing the painting;2. Exposing the welding leakages;3. Reduce the strength by welding, avoid deformation by welding and expansion.

BROAD Facilities

© Caribbean 2011 8

BROAD believes “fire-control service”, rather than “fire-fighting service” -- We think much of maintenance, rather than salvage.

24/7 3-level Free Monitoring Service for 25 years

24/7 Maintenance From BROAD resident-work engineers + Service engineers of local partners

25 Years Free Annual LiBr Solution analysis to indicate the health of the chiller

Atomic Absorption SpectrometerService team locallyMonitoring Center in BROAD H.Q.

BROAD Service

© Caribbean 2011 9

The fifth “China After Sales Service Awards” was holding in National Guest Hotel on April 2nd.

BROAD, Haier, ZoomLion and SinoTruck awarded “Chinese Meritorious Service Enterprises”, the top after sales service awards in China.

Other 30 enterprises awarded “Top 10 service” by their products, service and sales.

BROAD Service

© Caribbean 2011 10

BROAD & WORLD EXPO SHANGHAI

BROAD & COP16 CANCUN, MEXICO

BROAD was awarded “Global Partner” of World Expo 2010 Shanghai

Mexico President attended ribbon-cutting ceremony of COP16 BROAD Pavilion

Social benefits of CCHP system & BROAD achievement


Social benefits of CCHP system & BROAD achievement

In May of 2011,our president Zhang Yue was one of the five who awarded the honorable title of “CHAMPIONS OF THE EARTH” by UNEP


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

CCHP generating and install

capacity ratio

Danmark

Netherlands

U.S.A

Japan

Distributed Energy System /Combined Cooling, Heating and Power is a system that apply power, cooling and heating to customers in one district at the same time to achieve high-efficiency through integration and application of primary energy conversion.

1. EU such as Denmark, Netherlands etc. are over 40%

2. USA 7% in 2003，(56,000MW)3. Japan in 2006 reaches 8,700MW4. China has a late start because of

the limitation of natural gas.

Introduction of DES/CCHP system & its development


Economical analysis

generation efficiency

exhausted heat recoveryto improvecooling/heatingefficiencyheat lossWaste heat recovery 55%

Electricity 35%

Loss 10%

With using natural gas as its primary energy, the DES/CCHP system is usually use gas turbine or combustion engine to generate first，then high-temp exhaust gas to generate more power through exhaust heat boiler-steam turbine；the low grade heat like low-temp exhaust gas and low pressure steam extraction are used for cooling and heating.

•CCHP system can achieve 90% of the total thermal energy use efficiency•. According to the data from US department of commerce: average energy saving ratio of CCHP system can reach 46%.


Typical application and solution of CCHP system

Natural gas

Gas turbine

Exhaust500℃

Exhaust chiller

Chilled water7℃Efficiency 78%

Heating water 65℃Efficiency 51%

ElectricityEfficiency 35%

Natural gasGas turbine

Exhaust500℃

Exhaust chiller


Heatingwater65℃Efficiency 51%


Natural gasGas generator

Exhaust500℃

Jacket water 98℃

hot water & direct-firedchiller


Heating water65℃Efficiency 46%


Mode 1: Exhaust type Energy efficiency: Electricity + cooling 113%Electricity + heating 86%

Mode 2: Exhaust & direct-fired type Energy efficiency: Electricity + cooling 113%Electricity + heating 86%

Mode 3: Exhaust, hot water & direct-fired type Energy efficiency: Electricity + cooling 104% Electricity + heating 84%


BROAD products are running in more than 70 countries

SOUTH AFRICA

Jamaica

Dominic Republic


CDMA Patent Holder Mr. Jacobs, Chairman of Qualms, taking part in the ribbon-cutting Ceremony

Project features: • Power generator supplies electricity to building or power grid,

BROAD chiller recycles exhaust for cooling, no fuel input• Cooling capacity: 4600kw (1x Exhaust Fired Chiller)• Power generator capacity: 4,500 kW (1 x Gas Turbine)• Power generation efficiency 35%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 780,000• Payback period: 1.7 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 2,333 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 7,000 ton• Equivalent of planting: 380,000 trees

QUALCOMM HQ, USA


• US military base of the 82nd Airborne Division, key air force base

• Chiller model: 1 x BE300VIII515-35.1/29.4-6.7/12.2-d

• Cooling capacity: 3,500kW

• Power generator capacity: 5,200 kW (1 x Solar gas turbine)

• Power generation efficiency 30%

• Yearly energy saving: $ 270,000

• Payback period: 4 years

• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

808 ton oil

• Yearly CO2 cutting: 2,420 ton

Equivalent of planting: 131,480trees

• BROAD CHP type: Exhaust fired chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 88%

FORT BRAGG Air Force Base, North Carolina


• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & Exhaust chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 82%

• A private co-educational research university , one of the eight universities of Ivy League.

• Chiller model: 1x BHE177X440-92/98.9-38/29.4-7.2/15.6-d-200• Cooling capacity: 2,326kW• Power generator capacity: 4,555kW (2 x CAT gas engine)• Power generation efficiency 38%• Yearly energy saving: $ 209,340• Payback period: 2.4 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

626 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 1,880 ton

Equivalent of planting: 101,840 trees

Princeton University, New Jersey


• The tallest building in the South America• Chiller model: 5 x BZHE500IXBD-424-80/90-33/27-5.5/15.5-k• Cooling capacity: 30,000kW• Power generator capacity: 14,000 kW(6 x Cummins gas engine)• Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving: $ 6.3 millions• Payback period: 1.3 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

8,333 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 25,000 ton

Equivalent of planting: 1,370,000

• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & exhaust&direct-fired chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 82%

COSTANERA Center, Chile


• Power generator supplies electricity to the factory, BROAD chiller recycles exhaust provide the process coolingwater, no fuel input.

• Cooling capacity: 2,268kw (3x Exhaust Chiller)• Power generator capacity: 930 kW (1 x Diesel Engine)• Power generation efficiency 35%• Yearly energy saving cost: $245,000 • Payback period: 1.8 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

561ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 3400 ton

• BROAD CHP type: Exhaust chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 65%

MABE Refrigerator, Mexico


Project features: • The generators supply power to the airport, and BROAD non-electric

chillers recycle jacket water to supply cooling /heating. • Cooling capacity: 20,000 kW (6 x hot water chiller)• Gas Engines: 2,000 kW x 6• Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 4.5 millions• Payback period: 3 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 5,600 ton oil• Yearly CO2 cutting: 16,600 ton• Equivalent of planting: 900 thousand trees

Madrid Airport, Spain


Forum Barcelona 2004, Spain

Project features:• BROAD non-electric chillers recycle low pressure steam from steam turbines to supply cooling /heating. • Cooling capacity: 20,000 kW (4 x steam chillers)• Gas Engines: 14,000 kW x 4• Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 4.5 millions• Payback period: 2 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 5,600 ton oil• Yearly CO2 cutting: 16,600 ton• Equivalent of planting: 85 thousands trees


• Security and expertise in banknotes, security documents, andsmartcard solutions for communication and payment

• Chiller model: 1 x BHE65IX440-85/95-33/28-6/12-d • Cooling capacity: 756kW• Power generator capacity: 1,170 kW (1 x Deutz gas engine)• Power generation efficiency 38%• Yearly energy saving: Euro400,000 • Payback period: 2.5 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:



• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & exhaust chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 83%

Giesecke & Devrient Munich, Germany


• One of the largest shopping and leisure malls in Europe, Includingdozens of restaurants, health club, multiplex cinema, funfair

• Chiller model: 2 x BE155X410-33/28-6/12-d-200• Cooling capacity: 3,600kW • Power generator capacity: 6,000 kW (2 x Jenbacher gas engine)• Power generation efficiency: 39%• Yearly energy saving: Euro740,700• Payback period: 4.2years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:



• BROAD CHP type: Hot water chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 66%

Colombo Shopping Mall, Lisbon Portugal


• World famous special chemical fiber manufacturer• Chiller model: 2 x BDH215X70/85-31/26-250

2 x BDH240X70/85-31/26-3002 x BS200X0.8-35/29

• Total cooling capacity: 15,000kW• Power generator capacity: 36,000kW(12 x GE Jenbacher gas engine)• Power generation efficiency: 38%Yearly energy saving: $554,000• Payback period: 3.5 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 54,300 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 9,100 ton


Grodno Khimvolokno, Belarus


• The biggest producer of coking coal in Poland and owned by Mittal Mill • Chiller model: 3 x BS450IX0.5-35/26-12/21-400

3 x BS360IX0.5-35/25-12/21-300• Cooling capacity: 28,260kW• Power generator capacity: 80,000 kW (2 x Siemens steam Turbine)• Power generation efficiency: 35%• Yearly energy saving: Euro1.1million• Payback period: 3.3 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:



• BROAD CHP type: Steam chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 68%

Zdzieszowice Coke Plant(Phase I&II&III), Poland


• Australian capital airport. Gas generators supply electricity and waste heat of exhaust and jacket water are recycled by BROAD for free cooling.

• Chiller model: 3 x BZHE95XD-454-80/88-33/27.5-5/13-70/50-k-100• Cooling capacity: 3,315kW• Power generator capacity: 3,600 kW (3 x MWM gas engine)• Power generation efficiency : 39%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 860,000• Payback period: 1.2 years • Yearly energy saving equivalent:1,100ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 3,300 ton

Equivalent of tree planting: 180,000 trees

• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & exhaust&direct-fired chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 83%

Canberra Airport( Phase I, II, III), Australia


National Australia Bank H.Q.

NAB Data Centre, Australia

Project features: • The generators supply power to the buildings, and BROAD non-electric

chillers use exhaust & jacket water to supply cooling /heating. • Cooling capacity: 1,900 kW (1 x exhaust, hot water & direct fired chiller)• Gas Engines: 1,500 kW x 1• Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 0.4 millions• Payback period: 1.5 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 530 ton oil• Yearly CO2 cutting: 1,600 ton• Equivalent of planting: 85 thousand trees


WORLD EXPO, SHANGHAI

Building Area: 2.2 Million Sq. MeterChiller Quantity: 51 units Total Cooling Capacity: 126MW/ 35,800RTEnergy Input: Natural Gas + Exhaust

29



chillers use waste steam to supply cooling. • Cooling capacity: 28,000 kW (4 x steam chillers)• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 7millions• Payback period: 1.8 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 10,800 ton oil• Yearly CO2 cutting: 29,600 ton• Equivalent of planting: 153 thousand trees

China-Singapore Industrial Park Phase I (Moonbay Park)


Beijing World Trade Center Tower III, China

Project features: • Steam turbine adopts high pressure steam to produce

electricity for public grid• Cooling capacity: 11,630kW (2 x steam fired chillers)• Cooling efficiency:141% (Cooling COP)• Yearly energy saving cost: RMB 2.3 million• Payback period: 3.7 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 3,033 ton oil• Yearly CO2 cutting: 9,100 ton• Equivalent of planting: 500,000 trees

The tallest builing in beijing


DLF Cyber City, India


chillers use exhaust & jacket water to supply cooling. The backup burner provide cooling during generators’ idle time or partial load

• Total cooling capacity: 513,000 kW (Total 53 x exhaust, hot water & directed fired chillers)

• Power generation efficiency 38%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 78 millions• Payback period: 1.2 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 260,000 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 780,000 ton • Equivalent of planting: 43 million trees

The world's largest real estate developer


• A 7 star hotel in New Delhi, BROAD chiller recycles exhaust for cooling.The backup burner provide cooling during generators’ idle time or partial

load.• Chiller model: 1 x BZE219XBD500-k-250 • Total cooling capacity: 2,547kW• Gas engine capacity: 2,200 kW (1 x MWM gas engine)• Power generation efficiency: 39%• Yearly energy saving: $ 147,000• Payback period: 2.7 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

440 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 1,320 ton


• BROAD CHP type: Exhaust & direct-fired chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity =69%

LEELA PALACE HOTEL, NEW DELHI


• One of the famous film manufacturer in the world• Chiller model: 6 x BE106X440-d-B2-125• Total Cooling Capacity: 7,398 kW• Power generator capacity: 2,055 kW (6 x CAT gas engine) • Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving: $ 490,000• Payback period: 0.64 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:




TRI PACK FILMS, KARACHI PAKISTAN


GRAMEEN PHONE, Bangladesh

Project features: • Power generator supplies electricity to buildings or power grid,

BROAD chiller recycles exhaust for cooling, The backup burner provide cooling during generators’ idle time or partial load.

• cooling capacity: 5,815kW(2 x Exhaust & direct fired chillers 1 x Direct fired chiller)

• Power generator capacity: 1,000kW x 2• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 700,000• Payback period: 3.4 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 260,000 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 6,000 ton• Equivalent of planting: 250,000 trees

City landmark building


• The tallest building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia• Chiller model: 3 x BZHE332XB-400-90/100-40/34.4-6/14.9-d-500• Cooling capacity: 11,600kW • Power generator capacity: 6,000kW (3 x Taihao diesel engine)• Power generation efficiency 38%• Yearly energy saving cost: $ 225,490• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

2400 ton oil• Yearly CO2 cutting: 6,780 ton


• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & exhaust & direct-fired chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 82%

Jedda United Tower , Saudi Arabia


• The first & biggest CHP project in Iran and it uses sea water directly ascooling water which can save water consumption and energy

• Chiller model: 3 x BS303X1.0-40/34-7/12-500• Cooling capacity: 10,600kW• Power generator capacity: 125,000 kW (6 x Hitachi gas turbine)• Power generation efficiency: 30%• Yearly energy saving: $ 5,916,130• Payback period: 3 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:17,695 ton oil

• Yearly CO2 cutting: 53,090 tonEquivalent of planting: 2,080,000 trees

• BROAD CHP type: Steam chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 81%

Kish Island, Iran


• The most advanced airport in North Africa • Chiller model: 2 x BHEY187X464-88/98-90/70-37/32-6/12-w-250• Cooling capacity: 4,350kW • Power generator capacity: 4,349 kW (2 x CAT gas engine)• Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving: $ 57,060• Payback period: 3.2 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 2,560 ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 7,900 ton


• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & exhaust chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 84%

Enfidha Airport, Tunisia


• Office Building of the Thailand Federal Government• Chiller model: 2 x BE907X533-38/32-6/13-d-1000• Cooling capacity: 21MW • Power generator capacity: 5,500 KW (2 x Turbomach gas turbine)• Power generation efficiency: 32%• Yearly energy saving: $ 4.7 millions • Payback period: 4 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:

14,060ton oil • Yearly CO2 cutting: 42,140 ton

Equivalent of planting: 2,287,600 trees


THAI GOVERNMENT CENTER, BANGKOK


• One of the biggest textile mill in Indonesia,BROAD Packaged systems are implemented

• Chiller model: 8 x BHE148X454-81/88-7/13-d-200• Cooling capacity: 13.7MW • Power generator capacity: 2, 000KW (8 x MTU gas engine)• Power generation efficiency: 38%• Yearly energy saving: $ 1.2 millions• Payback period: 1.1 years• Yearly energy saving equivalent:



• BROAD CHP type: Hot water & Exhaust chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling + Electricity = 82%

JAKARTA SPIN MILL, INDONESIA


• Located at the Busan Olympic sailing centre and it’s the highest

building at seaside. It is owned by Hyundai Group and six star

hotel 、

office and shopping mall are all included.

• Chiller model: 2 x BS65X0.8-6/13-37.5/32-75

• Total cooling capacity: 1,520kW

• Yearly energy saving: $ 75,530

• Payback period: 6.2 years

• Yearly energy saving equivalent: 520ton oil

• Yearly CO2 cutting: 1,230 ton


• BROAD type: Steam chillerEnergy efficiency: Cooling = 135%

Hyundai I'PARK, Korea


SEOUL BUNDANG PLANT, SOUTH KOREA (HEAT PUMP)

Model: BDS1000 * 2 units；Heating Capacity: 15.5MW / 4,418RTHeat Input: 0.36MPa waste steam

46.4 Deg C hot waterHeating water in/out: 55 Deg C/ 89 Deg C

• BROAD Steam Type Heat Pump


WORKING PRINCIPLE

Heat Pump for Condensed Water Temp. Increase


Q & A

Thank you very much!

BROAD Absorption Chillers

How do they work?

Absorption Chillers Uses the absorption cooling process to achieve the

refrigeration effect necessary to produce chilled water; No mechanical compression of refrigerant as is done in the

vapor compression type chiller; Therefore, very little electricity is needed for the absorption

cooling system when compared to the vapor compression system.

Two liquids inside: Lithium Bromide (LiBr) – absorbent

Diluted; or Concentrated

Water – refrigerant Liquid; or Vapor

Absorption Cooling CycleHigh Temperature Generator• Dilute LiBr solution is boiled –

water vapor escapes, LiBrconcentrated

Condenser• Water vapor condenses to water

Evaporator• Water vaporizes at low

temperature under vacuum conditions

Absorber• Water vapor condenses on

cooling water tubes and LiBrbecomes diluted

BROAD Absorption Chillers Inputs Heat – natural gas, town gas , biogas, diesel, recycled oil Lithium Bromide salt solution (non toxic, has a high affinity for

water) Cooling water (30°C)

Outputs (dedicatedly or simultaneously) Chilled water (>5°C) Heating water (<95°C) Hot water (80°C)

BROAD Absorption Chillers Features Dual fuel – gas/oil, gas/waste heat, multi energy Waste heat from power generation or industrial waste heat

streams (steam, hot water, exhaust, etc.)

How the BROAD Chiller works

How the BROAD Chiller worksDilute LiBr solution is heated in the High Temperature Generator (HTG) and causes water vapour to leave and enter the Low Temperature Generator (LTG)where it is used to heat up some more dilute LiBr solution.

How the BROAD Chiller worksThen it passes on to the Condenserwhere the water vapour condenses on the cooling water tubes to liquid water.

How the BROAD Chiller worksThe liquid water is then sprayed on the tubes in the Evaporator. These tubes contain the chilled water that is circulated for cooling.

How the BROAD Chiller worksThe evaporator is under vacuum condition which causes the water to evaporate at very low temperatures. The energy for vaporization is taken from the chilled water and so it is made colder.

How the BROAD Chiller worksThe water vapour travels over to the Absorber where it will condense on the cooling water tubes. Concentrated LiBr, which has a high affinity for water, is sprayed over these tubes as well and absorbs the water, thus it becomes dilute LiBr solution that is returned to the High Temperature Generator (HTG) and the Low Temperature Generator (LTG)

How the BROAD Chiller works

Dilute LiBr solution is

preheated using concentrated

LiBr solution in the High

Temperature Heat Exchanger

(HTHE) and in the Low

Temperature Heat Exchanger

(LTHE) before it is returned

to the Low Temperature

Generator (LTG). and the High

Temperature Generator (HTG)

respectively.

BROAD BCT Chiller

Available Capacities:

6.6 - 33 RT

Includes water cooled condenser

Fuels: Natural gas, LPG, Town gas, Light Oil

NG consumption: 10kWh/m3

BROAD Direct Fired Absorption Chiller

BROAD Steam Absorption Chiller

BROAD Packaged Chiller

Central Air Conditioning Industrialization

Space Saving

The BROAD Packaged Chiller includes chilled water pumps and cooling water pumps on a single skid.

It may also be totally enclosed in a container to protect the components from weathering and to make installation easy.


Central Air Conditioning

Industrialization

Energy Saving

50% less water resistance from

large sized check valves means

less pumping energy required.

Two pump system - Inverter

controlled. Water will be

pumped according to demand.


Central Air Conditioning Industrialization

Water Softener

Water treatment chemicals are included to deposit in the cooling water circuit.

QUESTIONS?

Thank You!

CAC 2000Steven Marston CEng, P.E

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

• Large A/C and mechanical engineering contractor operating in Jamaica since 1929

• Specialist engineering skills with demonstrated capability in high tech projects

• One of the only two Grade 1 A/C contractors approved by NCC

• A few recent projects:• NMIA airport – all HVAC work including energy centre (4 no 450 ton

chillers), buried chilled water pipeline, air handling units, controls etc• UWI BMSC – an extremely complex HVAC system including active

chilled beams, Taco LoFlo pumping system and dedicated outside air units

• PCJ – replacing the existing chillers/ice storage system with a Carrier 23XRV chiller and reducing electricity consumption by 63%

• LG VRF systems installed (or being installed) in 12 locations – these typically save 50-60% on a/c consumption

BROAD ABSORPTION CHILLERLARGE HOTEL JAMAICA

Steven MarstonCAC 2000

EXISTING SYSTEM

• 450 ton chiller• 400 ton chiller• CHW pumps (3 no 40 hp)• Cond pump (2 no 50 hp)• Cooling towers (2 no)• Cleaver Brooks boiler – fuel oil fired (old) producing low

pressure steam (used in laundry)• Calorifier – converts energy from steam to heat water• Temperature mixing valve (for room hot water)• Laundry facilities• Multi-storey hotel with rooms, kitchens, common areas

etc.

LAYOUT

19XR

ST-800

NT

B-1

LAUNDRY

NT

CHW PUMP COND PUMP

P-1

CALOR

ASSUMPTIONS

• Chiller plant operates 24 hours/day and 355 days/year

• Load profile of hotel known• Hot water quantity known• Electricity cost US$0.33 /kWh comprising

consumption + fuel @US$0.296 and demand at US$14.97/kW (rate 40)

• LPG at US$0.74/l• Water at US$6.3/cu m• Simulated using Carrier HAP software

ANNUAL UTILITY COSTS

Units/yr Cost/yr

Electricity (kWh)Chiller, pumps, tower 1,530,839 506,622 Rest of hotel 3,189,248 1,055,355 Annual electricity 4,720,087 1,561,977

Diesel/LPGChiller (l) - - Boiler (l) 269,011 228,659 Annual Fuel (l) 269,011 228,659

Cooling towerWater and chemicals 43,800 293,281

Total utilities (US$) 2,083,917

Existing system

ENERGY SAVING OPTIONS CONSIDERED

• Option 1• Improve efficiencies of existing chiller plant

• Option 2• Change from electrically driven chillers to a

direct-fired absorption chiller

OPTION 1: IMPROVE EFFICIENCIES OF EXISTING PLANT

• New 450 ton 23XRV variable speed chiller (most efficient electric chiller option)to replace the older 400 ton chiller

• VFD’s and energy efficient motors installed on existing pumps and tower

• Valve modification of existing AHUs• Non-chemical water treatment system – saves

chemicals, water and the chemical free “dump” water can be re-used for irrigation (not valued here)

CARRIER 23XRV CHILLER

OPTION 1: ANNUAL UTILITY COSTS

Units/yr Cost/yr Units/yr Cost/yr

Electricity (kWh)Chiller, pumps, tower 1,530,839 506,622 965,773 328,027 Rest of hotel 3,189,248 1,055,355 3,189,248 1,055,355 Annual electricity 4,720,087 1,561,977 4,155,021 1,383,382

Diesel/LPGChiller (l) - - - - Boiler (l) 269,011 198,415 269,011 198,415 Annual Fuel (l) 269,011 198,415 269,011 198,415

Cooling towerWater and chemicals 43,800 293,281 35,040 177,602

Total utilities (US$) 2,053,672 1,759,398 Savings 294,274

Existing system 23XRV chiller

OPTION 2: DIRECT FIRED ABSORPTION CHILLER

• Broad direct fired (multi-fueled) absorption chiller rated at 496 tons of chilled water production to replace the older 400 ton chiller

• Chiller will also produce some 87,000 gallons/day of hot water of which 7,000 gallons per day is free (ierecovered from waste heat)

• VFD’s and energy efficient motors installed on existing pumps and tower

• Valve modification of existing AHUs• Non-chemical water treatment system

BROAD CHILLER PLANT

OPTION 2: LAYOUT

DF ABSORPTION

ST-800

NT

B-1LAUNDRY

NT

CHW PUMP COND PUMP

P-1

CALOR

OPTION 2: ANNUAL UTILITY COSTS

Units/yr Cost/yr Units/yr Cost/yr Units/yr Cost/yr

Electricity (kWh)Chiller, pumps, tower 1,530,839 506,622 965,773 328,027 371,813 122,501 Rest of hotel 3,189,248 1,055,355 3,189,248 1,055,355 3,189,248 1,055,355 Annual electricity 4,720,087 1,561,977 4,155,021 1,383,382 3,561,061 1,177,856

Diesel/LPGChiller (l) - - - - 351,738 168,238 Boiler (l) 269,011 198,415 269,011 198,415 - - Annual Fuel (l) 269,011 198,415 269,011 198,415 351,738 168,238

Cooling towerWater and chemicals 43,800 293,281 35,040 177,602 35,040 178,602

Total utilities (US$) 2,053,672 1,759,398 1,615,890 Savings 294,274 437,783

Existing system 23XRV chiller Absorption chiller

ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS (US$)CHILLER PLANT ONLY

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

Existing system 23XRV chiller Absorption chiller

Water and chemicals

LPG - boiler

LPG - chiller

Elect - chiller plant

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

23XRV chiller Absorption chillerCapital cost (US$) 445,920 569,328 Annual savings (US$) 294,274 437,783 % savings 14% 21%

Simple payback (yrs) 1.5 1.3Net present worth (20 yrs) 7,701,013 12,339,427

SUMMARY

• Option 1• Improves the efficiency of the existing system but hotel energy

costs based on use of an expensive commodity (electricity)• Hot water still from existing boilers – capital investment required

to upgrade these (not added to costs)

• Option 2• Improves the efficiency of the existing system while utilizing a

cheaper source of fuel• Absorber can utilize the cheapest available fuel e.g. LPG, diesel

oil, LNG or even waste heat • Hot water produced by absorber – can avoid capital

investment in existing boilers (not valued)

CAC RECOMMENDATIONS

• Phase 1• Identify funding and proceed with the installation of the

absorption machine – will reduce operating costs by 21% and return capital in 1.3 years. Plant will generate some US$12M of additional value over a 20 year lifetime

• Phase 2• Install VFD’s and controls on air handling units, pumps, fans

and any other large motors• Improve controls in rooms

• Phase 3• Cogeneration – using conventional engines, micro-turbines

or even fuel cells to generate electricity and utilizing the waste heat to operate the absorption machines

COMMENTS

• Facility operates 24 hours/day with relatively constant demand for chilled water (24 hours/day) and hot water (18 hours/day) for laundry, kitchen and guest rooms. Payback period will be increased if the operation runs less hours or has different demand profiles

• The real value of the absorption chiller is usage of a cheaper fuel (some 31% of the cost of electricity), the joint production of hot and chilled water along with fuel flexibility inclusive of waste heat sources

• Technology is proven but previous installations in Jamaica (from 1960’s) had issues related to water treatment (high carbonates) and maintenance

ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED

• Redundancy – the analysis does not consider backup for a chiller expected to run for 24 * 355 hours/yr. Since demand charges are a significant part of the electricity bill, operating the old chiller as backup is not an option worth considering. Doubling the chillers will increase the payback but project still has a great return on capital

• Integrating the chilled and hot water outputs with the existing infrastructure

• Installing the new unit(s) with minimal disruption to hotel• Planning for the future addition of cogeneration plant

QUESTIONS?

William (Bill) ClarkPresident

DGMS Inc (Global)DGMS JAL (Jamaica)

CMRC LTD (Jamaica)C3 Energy Solutions (Caribbean)

Office 618-355-5861Fax 240-359-5861JA Cell 876-419-9594

Friendly, Professional ServiceBuilt on Personal Integrity

Overview of DGMS Family of Companies Discuss Energy Costs in Jamaica Define High Efficiency Generation Systems Identifying the “Right” Applications Keys to Successful Projects High Efficiency Generation Economics Conclusion and Questions

•World wide•Co-gen, Tri-gen, Quad-gen Design•Alternative EnergyDealer for:•MWM•APG•Energy Conversions•Carib Energy•Various Standby Generators

•Jamaican•Standby generator Sales•Plant Operations•Plant Maintenance•JA based Construction Management

• Caribbean• Project Development• Project Management• Project Financing

http://www.c3energy.net/�

• Collectively the DGMS Group brings over 200 years of International and Jamaican based engineering, construction and operations experience to your project

• Through its Strategic relationships, DGMS adds another 300 years of experience

• This results in the unique ability to “Turn Key”: Cogeneration, Trigeneration, chiller and Boiler installations, perform Energy Audits, Operate and Maintain complete Energy Systems

WITH ALL JAMAICAN TALENT!

The last three years have seen a dramatic increase in electric costs.

Although Fuel costs have increased, not at the same rate as JPS.

$-

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2009 through 2011 JA Fuel and JPS IPP/Fuel Charge

DIESEL

BUTANE

PROPANE

IPP/Fuel

Fuel

and

JPS

IPP/

Fuel

in $

US/M

MBT

U

The IPP/Fuel Charge is 75-80% of the JPS cost◦ Demand is 10% or less

For Resorts/Hotels and Office Buildings, AC is typically 50-60% of the energy use

Solar and Wind power does not replace the need for base load energy production

LPG is lower cost (per energy unit) than other readily available fuels

LNG will come to Jamaica

What is Co and Tri-generation?

FUEL 100% CO and TRI-GENERATION

LOSSES– 15%

ELECTRICITY – 40%

USEFUL HEAT45% COOLING

(Tri-Generation)

• 24/7 Operations• Consistent Electric Usage• Consistent Thermal Usage

• Hot Water• Steam• Chilled Water (AC)

• Energy Costs are at Least J$15M/Mo

Know your Usage Profile◦ Electric◦ Thermal

Manage your Energy Usage◦ Energy Management System◦ Flatten your Usage

Conserve whenever possible Integration of Energy Production Systems Future Proof the Investment Skilled Operations and Maintenance

It is much less expensive to reduce consumption than it

is to produce more!

Installed Capital Costs◦ J$100M to J$150M/MW

Investment can be Phased in◦ Thermal◦ Use of existing systems◦ Full Cogeneration or Trigeneration systems

Payback is typically less than two years!

Questions?William (Bill) ClarkPresidentDGMS Inc (Global)DGMS JAL (Jamaica)CMRC LTD (Jamaica)C3 Energy Solutions (Caribbean)Office 618-355-5861Fax 240-359-5861JA Cell 876-419-9594

PROJECT NAME:ENGINEER NAME:

DATE:LOCATION:

CHILLER SELECTION BROAD GAS CHILLER Water Cooled Electric Air Cooled ElectricBROAD (BZ) Chiller Model number (104 kcal) 150Quantity 1Model No. /Type Water cooled Water cooled Air CooledFuel LPG Electricity ElectricityTons installed 496 450 450Chiller Loading 81%Tons running 400 400 400

CHILLER SPECIFICATIONS BROAD GAS CHILLER Water Cooled Electric Air Cooled ElectricInstallation cost ($US/ton) $1,296 $969 $776Maintenance cost ($US/ton) $15 $12 $12Services per year 4.00 4.00 4.00EFLH 14.00 14.00 14.00Electrical - kW/ton (includes pumps and CT.) 0.19 0.94 1.35

Fuel m3/h cooling 0.12

Fuel m3/h heatingFuel m3/h hot water (3% rec'd from exhaust)Fuel m3/year 618

Fuel kWh/m3 7415.49

water required for drift make up (m3/day) 57.52 50.75 0.00kVA required 105 470 675COP 1.57

LOCATION SPECIFICATIONS DESCRIPTIONpower factor 90%$US/kWh electricity $0.33$US/kVA electricity $0.00$US/m3 LPG $630.70$US/m3 water & Sewerage $6.12

$US/m3 water treatment $0.006

AUXILLIARY INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS BROAD GAS CHILLER Water Cooled Electric Air Cooled ElectricFan Coil Units/Evaporators $0 $0HW PumpsCHW PumpsCW PumpsWater Infrastructure & Treatment (1 USD/gal) $15,000 $13,000Backup Generator (200US/kVA) $0Electrical Infrastructure $4,000 $0Gas Infrastructure $10,000

BROAD GAS CHILLER OPERATIONAL COSTS COST (US$) ENERGY(kWh)CO2 EMMISSIONS

(Tons/yr)CO2 EMMISSIONS

(Pounds/yr)Annual Electricity Consumption $128,159 388360 229 503703Annual Electricity Demand $0Annual Maintenance $23,809Annual Fuel Consumption $389,671 4581566 0 0Annual Water & Sewerage $128,478Annual Water Treatment $9,333TOTAL $679,449 4969926 229 503703

WATER COOLED CHILLER OPERATIONAL COSTS COST (US$) ENERGY(kWh)CO2 EMISSIONS

(Tons/yr)CO2 EMISSIONS

(Pounds/yr)Annual Electricity Consumption $634,049 1921360 1131 2492004Annual Electricity Demand $0Annual Maintenance $21,600Annual Water & Sewerage $113,363Annual Water Treatment $9,333TOTAL $778,345 1921360 1131 2492004

AIR COOLED CHILLER OPERATIONAL COSTS COST (US$) ENERGY(kWh)CO2 EMISSIONS


(Pounds/yr)Annual Electricity Consumption $910,602 2759400 1624 3578942Annual Electricity Demand $0Annual Maintenance $21,600Annual Water & Sewerage $0Annual Water Treatment $0TOTAL $932,202 2759400 1624 3578942

BOILER OPERATIONAL COSTS (OPTIONAL) COST (US$) ENERGY(kWh)CO2 EMISSIONS


(Pounds/yr)Annual Diesel Fuel Consumption $0 0 0TOTAL $0 0 0 0

INSTALLATION COSTS BROAD GAS CHILLER Water Cooled Electric Air Cooled ElectricInstallation Cost ($US) $671,841 $449,050 $349,200

FEASIBILITY STUDY SUMMARY BROAD vs Water Cooled BROAD vs Air CooledInitial Cost Difference ($US) $222,791 $322,641Annual Cost Savings ($US) $98,895 $252,753Payback (years) 2.25 1.28Annual Electrical Energy Savings (kWh) 1533000 2371040Annual CO2 Savings (Tons/yr) 902 1395Annual CO2 Savings (Pounds/yr) 1988301 3075239

Jamaica LPGSerene Granger

21-Nov-11Jamaica

Conclusion1. Absorption cooling is a proven air conditioning

technology that is growing within the Caribbean.

2. LPG Cooling on its own provides over 13% annual energy savings over water cooled electric systems and over 27% against air cooled electric systems.

3. Cogeneration Systems provide payback under two (2) years and is the best available energy solution for Jamaica.

4. BROAD is the world leader in absorption cooling technology and is poised to be leader in Jamaica.

Documents

Absorption Cooling and on - Energy Dynamics Limited