Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussac's Law)

7/24/2019 Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussac's Law)

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It is seriouslyfreezing out here.

Please. It's noteven close to

absolute zero yet!

Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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The Snapshot button is used to

capture the screen.

The Journal is where snapshots arestored and viewed.

The Share button is used to

export or print your ournal toturn in your wor!.

ntro"uctionurnals an" $na%shots

&ote"ou #snapshot o$ this lab as ayour Journal

ach %athat consy)bol

shoul" b

into youAfter colab %agesna%sho

(in right ha

insert thyour *ou



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Lab ,hallenge

Te#perature is a #easure o$ the avera&e !inetic enerolecules. )s the te#perature o$ so#ethin& drops* th

slows down. Thin&s can+t #ove slower than stopped. #ean there is a lowest possible te#peratureand i$ so*te#perature

ot air#olecules#ove $ast/

old air#olecules#ove slowly.



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acgroun"

as #olecules #ove throu&h space* bu#pin& into tThis causes air pressure. The #ore collisions there a

each second* the #ore pressure there is. Te#perature is the avera&e !inetic ener&y 'speed( o

particles in a sa#ple.



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elf-,hec1. ressure is caused by the collision

o$ &as #olecules with

.a( hi&her volu#e

b( li5uid #olecules

c( the walls o$ the container

d( #otion

e( excessive ho#ewor!



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.acgroun"

6inetic ener&y is related to the speed o$ the#olecules* so i$ the te#perature increases* the

#olecules #ove $aster.

)n increase in speed will cause &as #olecules to strthe walls o$ the container #ore ti#es per second* sthe pressure increases.

The direct relationship between pressure Pandte#perature Twas discovered by Joseph ay-ussa1802. ay-ussac9s law is expressed #athe#aticallyas:


'constant( ;


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elf-,hec2. =$ you decreasethe te#perature o$ a

&as inside a container* what happens to

the &as particlesa(They exert hi&her pressure.

b(They increase in !inetic ener&y.

c( They decrease in speed.

d(They increase in speed.


Ab l t Z (G L L


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.acgroun"

=$ it were possible to continue to re#ove !inetic enecoolin&* there should co#e a point where the &as p

would be so cold they would have no !inetic ener&y

=$ particles have >ero !inetic ener&y* they are no lon#ovin& and* there$ore* are not able to collide with tthe container to create pressure.

This theoretical point at which !inetic ener&y has beco#pletely re#oved $ro# a syste# 'particles stop #the pressure e5uals >ero( is !nown as absolute >ero


Ab l t Z (G L L


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...acgroun"

?ecausete#perature is a

#easure#ent o$#olecular #otion'!inetic ener&y(* the6elvin te#peraturescale sets the point

o$ no !inetic ener&yas its startin& point*0 6.

This #eans that the6elvin scale has no

ne&ative values.

?owa

ete

wo@rewa

ere

Ao)b


Ab l t Z (G L L


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elf-,hec

3. The 6elvin te#perature scale is based on.

a( #olecular #otion

b( the $ree>in& point o$ water

c( the boilin& point o$ water

d( the coldest te#perature ever recorded


Absolute Zero (Gay Lussacs La


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...acgroun"

)bsolute >ero can be calculated experi#entally usinussac9s law to %nd the relationship between pressu

te#perature. The relationship can then be used to cte#perature 'absolute >ero( when the pressure e5u

ay-ussac9s law can be rearran&ed to &ive the $a#e5uation o$ a strai&ht line:

There is one s#all catch* ay-ussac+s law re5uireste#perature #easure#ents be in Kelvin.


k

T

P

kTP

( )mxy =



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elf-,hec4. hen usin& ay-ussac9s law* the value

$or te#perature #ust always be

#easured in .a( B@

b( !a

c( B

d( 6


T

P



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afety

@ollow all co##on laboratory procedures.

?e care$ul with hot water/ ater at CDB '14EB@( haenou&h !inetic ener&y to da#a&e s!in and eyes.

/01!!

Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussac s La



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2aterials an"3ui%)entall of these )aterials before beginning the lab.

Sensor extension cable

)bsolute pressure sensorFuic!-release connector

Tubin& connector

@ast response te#perature sensor

Tubin&* 1- to 2-c#

Test tube* 1D-## x 100-##

;ne-hole stopper $or test tube

?ea!ers '2(* 2D0-#

Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussac s La



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2aterials an"3ui%)entllect these a""itional )aterials before starting.

olystyrene cups '2(


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The stepare part proceduactivity. the ri&ht

,eter#inse5uencthen ta!this pa&e

3uencing ,hallenge

A. lace theclosed test tube

in a polystyrenecup containin&ice-water andrecord thepressure andte#perature.

. Set up thee5uip#ent to

#easurepressure andte#perature o$air trapped in atest tube.

,. raph the dataand use thee5uation o$ theline o$ best %t todeter#ineabsolute >ero.

4.


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51o 4ra1. Tap

tool p2. Tap

%n&erpredic

3. Tap %nishe

4. =$ you

67hato thethe te

te#pincreayour the &provid

Pre"icn

Absolute Zero (Gay Lussac s La



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$etu%

1. onnect the $ast response te#perature sensor to thcollection syste#.

2. onnect the absolute pressure sensor to the data cosyste# usin& a sensor extension cable.

Ixten

ressure sensor




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3. onnect the 5uic!-release connector tothe stopper usin& the tubin& connectorand the

1- to 2-c# piece o$ tubin&. ut a drop o$&lycerin on the connectors as necessary.

68Te#press#eas

substthis e

$etu%

Tubin& connector

Fuic!-releaseconnector

Tubin&Stopper




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69Thesenson th

the tthis aIxpla

$etu%

D. se a rubber band toattach the 5uic!-response te#peraturesensor to the outside o$the test tube. Thesensor should be abouthal$way down the testtube.


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$etu%C. )ttach a three-%n&er cla#pto a rin& stand. se thethree-%n&er cla#p tosecurely hold the absolutepressure sensor in a verticalposition.

7. lace the polystyrene cupinto a 2D0-# bea!er. @ill the

polystyrene cup to the topwith ice. )dd water to #a!ean ice bath.

6: hpolyscup u

ust a




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$etu%

hat is the dependent variable 'with units( in this expe

hat is the independent variable 'with units( in this ex

bso u e e o (Gay ussac s a



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$etu%8. lace the bea!er containin&

the polystyrene cup andice-water underneath the

absolute pressureKtest tubeapparatus and slowly lowerthe test tube into the ice-water.

E. )n&le the test tube in the

cup so the entire test tubeis covered with the ice-water. lace #ore ice ontop o$ the test tube toensure that the entire test

tube is covered with ice

6


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Proce"u

1. Tap new d

2. ait allow te#pair in to becte#p

ice wsurrou

3. Tap te#pand 6

4.


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Proce"u

D. lacepolysthe sebea!e

C. @ill thcup wroo# 'G2DB

7. )n&lein thecover

8. ait

E. Tap te#p

( y



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Proce"u10. olle

data preplac

te#pewith w

11. @or eG 2 #tap te#pepressu

12. hen

y



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4ata An

1. sin&collec#athee5uatconveelsiute#pe

y



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51o A%%

1. Tap tool pa2. Tap

urve 3. Tap th

curve

4ata An2. reate

'linearusin&

T.H&ote ththe be



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ata Analysis

3. se the e5uation o$ the best %t line to solve $or absolunits o$ B. Show your wor!.

)bsolute >ero is the te#perature when pressure e5uals >ero.



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ata Analysis

4. alculate the percent error o$ your experi#ental valuabsolute >ero 'the accepted value o$ absolute >ero is

-273.1DB(. Show your wor!.percent errorL

'accepted value -experi#ental value(accepted value

x 1



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51o nte1able

1.Tap tool pa2.Tap

cell in to hi&hyellow.

3 Tap

D. ,eterconsta%ve da

collect6elvinInter into th

4ata An



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4ata AnC. ,eter

consta%ve da

collectte#pethe cothe ta

51o nte1able

1.Tap tool pa2.Tap

cell in to hi&hyellow.

3 Tap Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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1. as pressuredivided byte#perature aconstant when

usin& te#peraturevalues #easured inB hy or whynot

nalysis

2. as pressuredivided by

te#perature aconstant when usin&te#perature values#easured in 6hy or why not

3.)re pte#p

or indpropodo yo



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nalysis

4a. hat is the 6elvin te#peraturescale based on

4b. hat is special about 0 6

l iAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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nalysis

D. alculate the pressure o$ the air inside the test tube i$war#ed to100.0 M. Show your wor! 'there are several steps(/

th iAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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ynthesis

1. )nother lab &roup did the sa#eexperi#ent usin& a syrin&einstead o$ a test tube. ould thiscause a proble# Ixplain.

th iAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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2. Ixplain why an over-inNated tire #ay popwhen it is driven $ast on a hot day.

ynthesis

lti l ,h iAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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ulti%le ,hoice1. hich o$ the $ollowin& &raphs best

represents the relationship between thepressure o$ a &as and 6elvin

te#perature

)(

,(

?(

(

2 lti l ,h iAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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2ulti%le ,hoice2. hy does pressure beco#e >ero at ate#perature o$ absolute >ero

a( )t absolute >ero all #olecular

#otion stops.b( )t absolute >ero there is a co#plete

vacuu#.

c( )t absolute >ero the &as volu#e is

very s#all.d( )t absolute >ero all the ener&y o$

the &as is &iven oO as li&ht.

ulti%le ,hoiceAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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ulti%le ,hoice

hat is the e5uivalent o$ 413 6 in elsius

) -273C

b) 0C

) 140C

) 696C

) 237 K



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ulti%le ,hoice4. =$ a container o$ &as is at a te#perature

o$ 27 B and a pressure o$ 800 torr*what would the pressure o$ the &as

beco#e i$ the te#perature weredoubled to D4B

a( 1C00 torr

b( 400 torr

c( 872 torr

d( 734 torr



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ulti%le ,hoiceD. =$ the te#perature o$ a &as in a closed*

ri&id container decreases* the pressureinside this container will

.a( increase

b( decrease

c( stay the sa#e

d( Iither ) or ? dependin& on the type o$&as.

ngratulations!Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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have co)%lete" the lab.

ngratulations!

lease re#e#ber to $ollow your teacher9s instructions up and sub#ittin& your lab.

eferencesAbsolute Zero (Gay-Lussacs La


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)ll i#a&es were ta!en $ro# )S; docu#entation* public do#ain clip a@oundation o##ons.

1.IP=PS http:KKwww.openstoc!photo&raphy.or&Ki#a&e-

licensin&Kpen&uinsK)deliepen&uinsatapeeddesaurie=sland1EC22.TI

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Absolute Zero (Gay-Lussac's Law)