About the teacherAbout the teacher-About the teacher-AuthorHello, my name is Kristin. I have a

bachelors in elementary and special education and a masters degree in literacy. I have been a self-contained middle school special education teacher for the past ten years. Prior to that, I taught fourth grade for one year.

Currently, I live on Long Island with my husband and our furry child, Samson. In my spare time, I love painting and kickboxing.

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Sneak peek into my classroom…Thank you so much for your purchase. Now that you have this material in

front of you, are you wondering how to implement it into your classroom?

Below is an explanation of how I used this with my students in my classroom.

Please remember that you can choose to follow how I taught it or adapt to

meet the needs of your unique classroom. Feel free to get creative and do what

works for you!

Nonfiction texts are often the building blocks to my units. This is one

way for students to get and begin to understand information as well as

touch upon important Common Core State Standards: Reading Standards

for Informational Text. Depending on the topic and class time determines

exactly how we will use them in the classroom. This can vary from year to

year depending on the grouping of students.

Often, we will tackle the text together. Having a Masters degree in

Literacy allows me to put use some of the skills and strategies I learned.

While reading, students are practicing reading aloud fluently. Through

scaffolded questioning, we can tackle tough vocabulary words and

sequence how these concepts are taking place. You can also employ close

reading strategies to allow your students to look deeper into the text.

When you are short on time, having students read this in small groups

or independently as a homework assignment will allow you to free up class

time and take their learning further with engaging hands-on activities.

If you have any questions, please visit my blog at

www.samsonsshoppe.com or email me at SamsonsShoppe@gmail.com.

How to Use This Sketch Note Resource

I originally created this resource as a fun way for my seventh grade

small group and inclusion classes to review for their assessments. I couldn’t

believe just how much they enjoyed reviewing this way. I hope your students

enjoy this resource just as much.

There are several different ways to use this activity. You know the

needs of your classroom best so choose what will work for your class.

Generally, when I use this activity, it is as a review. I project the worksheets

on the board and we fill in the sketch notes together. Some of my classes

are more independent. For those classes, I will give students time to work

together to fill in the sheets. Then we will review in class.

This set of sketch notes includes a Student Instruction Sheet. This

allows you to be able to send this home for homework or leave with a

substitute. Students will know what to fill in each section. This allows you

more flexibility in the classroom.

In addition, there is a link on the following page to access the digital

version of these notes. You can then send them out via your learning

management system by sharing the link with your students. This method

allows you to differentiate instruction in your classroom.

If you have any questions, problems or concerns, please email me at

SamsonsShoppe@gmail.com and allow me the opportunity to help before

leaving feedback. Love it? Consider leaving feedback to let me know. It

helps others know how great this is and you can earn credits to help you

save money on future purchases!

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Name: ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________________

The Immune System

Vocabulary:

• Homeostasis: Keeping an organism’s internal environment stable despite whathappens outside.

• Pathogen: An organism that causes a disease.• Immune system: The system that protects our bodies from disease caused by pathogens.

What is the immune system?

The immune system is one of the human body systems that is designed to eliminate

pathogens and other sicknesses that invade the body to maintain homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the process of keeping an organism’s internal environment stable despite

factors, such as pathogens, from the outside trying to invade or destroy it. Pathogens

are organisms that try to invade the body and cause disease.

Why is the immune system important?

What are the parts of the immune system?

The immune system has three layers. These layers work like soldiers in a war. The

first layer, or line of defense is the skin, breathing passages; nose, pharynx, trachea,

bronchi, mouth, and stomach. Each layer has factors that will try to destroy anything

harmful to the body. Should a pathogen get past this layer, the next line of defense is the

inflammatory response system. White blood cells help this system attack the pathogen.

Once the inflammatory response system is alerted, the third line of defense, the immune

response system is on standby. This line of defense uses T-cells and B-cells to destroy

the pathogen.

List the parts of the immune system.

: The system that protects our bodies from disease caused by pathogens.

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How does the immune system work? Our body has three lines of defense to keep

pathogens from getting in.

First Line of Defense:

Skin: The oil and sweat in our skin contains chemicals that

destroy many pathogens. Others pathogens may fall off with dead

skin cells.

One way that pathogens can get into our body through our skin is when it is cut. A

cut creates an opening in which the pathogen can enter the body. Our body has

developed a protection from this by quickly clotting the blood and then forming a scab

over the cut. The scab prevents pathogens from entering so this gives pathogens a

short time frame in which they can enter the human body.

How does the circulatory system work with

the immune system?

The Breathing Passages: The nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi make up the

breathing passages. Each of these parts have hairs, mucus, and cilia that trap

pathogens in the air who may enter into the respiratory system. Some pathogens may

irritate these parts causing you to sneeze or cough. This is another way your body rids

itself of pathogens.

How does the respiratory system work with the immune system?

The Mouth and Stomach: You may not think of food as something harmful because

our bodies depend on it for fuel, but even food can contain dangerous pathogens. Our

mouth and stomach are set up to destroy them. First, saliva contains destructive

chemicals to rid the pathogen. Your stomach produces acid that works to kill the

pathogen. How does the digestive system work with the immune system?

How blood clots when the skin is cut.

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Label the diagram with the first line of defense. Tell how each one protects the body.

NEXT! Second Line of Defense:

Should the pathogens make it past and get into your body, it’s setup to fight them

off. If a pathogen gets into your body, it will begin to damage body cells. They release

chemicals that trigger an inflammatory response. The inflammatory response is the

body’s second line of defense. This response leaks fluids and certain types of white

blood cells into nearby tissues. The white blood cells fight the pathogens.

White blood cells: Most white blood cells fight disease but each type

has a function. A phagocyte is a white blood cell that takes over the

pathogen and breaks it down until it is destroyed.

Inflammatory Response: During an inflammatory response, two things can happen.

1. Blood vessels widen where the pathogens are. This allows more blood to

flow there and will feel warmer. The area will become red and swollen.

2. A fever may occur. A fever is your body’s way of fighting an infection. This

is another way to destroy pathogens because they have a hard time reproducing and

growing in warm temperatures.

How does the inflammatory response rid the body of pathogens?

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Mouth:

Skin:

Breathing Passages:

Stomach:

Send in the Big Guns! Third Line of Defense:

Once a fever occurs, the third line of defense is called in; the immune response.

The immune response is controlled by the immune system. This system’s cells can tell

the difference between the different pathogens. The lymphocytes react accordingly.

Lymphocytes, white blood cells, target the pathogen. There are two types of

lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells.

T-cells: The job of the T-cell is to identify pathogens and distinguish one from

another. Your body has millions of T-cells in the blood. Each one identifies a different

pathogen based on markers, called antigens. Antigens are molecules that the immune

system recognizes as either part of your body or coming from outside of your body.

Each pathogen has an antigen with its own chemical structure.

In order to destroy the pathogen, the T-cell recognizes it, then divides many times

to produce more T-cells that recognize the antigen. Some T-cells attack the infected

cells while others activate B-cells.

B-cells: The job of the B-cell is to produce proteins called antibodies. An antibody is

a chemical produced by a B-cell that destroys a specific kind of pathogen. Each B-cell

makes one kind of antibody. They fit into an antigen like a puzzle piece.

Once the T-cells activate the B-cells, antibodies are created to fight the pathogen.

The antibodies will attach to the antigens on the pathogen. They clump together to

destroy them.

How do T-cells and B-cells help the immune system?

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Conclusion Questions:

1. What is the immune system?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. What parts make up the first line of defense against pathogens?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. What is the function of a scab?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

4. What is the difference between an inflammatory response and an immune response?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

5. What happens if the pathogen does not allow the T-cells and B-cells to do their jobs?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

6. How might you know if the immune system is winning the battle against the

pathogens?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Immune System First Line of Defense:First Line of Defense: Second Line of Defense:

Immune System What is the immune system? What is its function in the human body?

Inflammatory ResponseWhat is an inflammatory response? What happens during this time?

What two things happen when an inflammatory response is triggered?

What is a phagocyte?

Third Line of Defense:

Immune ResponseT-cells: B-cells:

What is the immune response?

How does the immune system work with other body systems?

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Mouth: Breathing Passages:

Skin: Stomach:

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Name: ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________________

The Immune System

Vocabulary:

• Homeostasis: Keeping an organism’s internal environment stable despite whathappens outside.

• Pathogen: An organism that causes a disease.• Immune system: The system that protects our bodies from disease caused by pathogens.

What is the immune system?

The immune system is one of the human body systems that is designed to eliminate

pathogens and other sicknesses that invade the body to maintain homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the process of keeping an organism’s internal environment stable despite

factors, such as pathogens, from the outside trying to invade or destroy it. Pathogens

are organisms that try to invade the body and cause disease.

Why is the immune system important? The immune system is important because it helps

maintain homeostasis in the human body. It destroys pathogens that try to invade it and

cause disease.

What are the parts of the immune system?

The immune system has three layers. These layers work like soldiers in a war. The

first layer, or line of defense is the skin, breathing passages; nose, pharynx, trachea,

bronchi, mouth, and stomach. Each layer has factors that will try to destroy anything

harmful to the body. Should a pathogen get past this layer, the next line of defense is the

inflammatory response system. White blood cells help this system attack the pathogen.

Once the inflammatory response system is alerted, the third line of defense, the immune

response system is on standby. This line of defense uses T-cells and B-cells to destroy

the pathogen.

List the parts of the immune system. The parts of the immune system are the skin, breathing

passages, mouth, stomach and white blood cells.

: The system that protects our bodies from disease caused by pathogens.

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Key

How does the immune system work? Our body has three lines of defense to keep

pathogens from getting in.

First Line of Defense:

Skin: The oil and sweat in our skin contains chemicals that can

destroy many pathogens. Others pathogens may fall off with dead

skin cells.

One way that pathogens can get into our body through our skin is when it is cut. A

cut creates an opening in which the pathogen can enter the body. Our body has

developed a protection from this by quickly clotting the blood and then forming a scab

over the cut. The scab prevents pathogens from entering so this gives pathogens a

short time frame in which they can enter the human body.

How does the circulatory system work with

the immune system? The circulatory system

quickly clots blood to prevent pathogens

from entering the skin.

The Breathing Passages: The nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi make up the

breathing passages. Each of these parts have hairs, mucus, and cilia that trap

pathogens in the air who may enter into the respiratory system. Some pathogens may

irritate these parts causing you to sneeze or cough. This is another way your body rids

itself of pathogens.

How does the respiratory system work with the immune system? The respiratory system

traps pathogens before they enter the body. They try to rid the body of pathogens

through sneezing and coughing.

The Mouth and Stomach: You may not think of food as something harmful because

our bodies depend on it for fuel, but even food can contain dangerous pathogens. Our

mouth and stomach are set up to destroy them. First, saliva contains destructive

chemicals to rid the pathogen. Your stomach produces acid that works to kill the

pathogen. How does the digestive system work with the immune system? The mouth and

stomach contain chemicals in the saliva and stomach acid that kill pathogens.

How blood clots when the skin is cut.

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Label the diagram with the first line of defense. Tell how each one protects the body.

NEXT! Second Line of Defense:

Should the pathogens make it past and get into your body, it’s setup to fight them

off. If a pathogen gets into your body, it will begin to damage body cells. They release

chemicals that trigger an inflammatory response. The inflammatory response is the

body’s second line of defense. This response leaks fluids and certain types of white

blood cells into nearby tissues. The white blood cells fight the pathogens.

White blood cells: Most white blood cells fight disease but each type

has a function. A phagocyte is a white blood cell that takes over the

pathogen and breaks it down until it is destroyed.

Inflammatory Response: During an inflammatory response, two things can happen.

1. Blood vessels widen where the pathogens are. This allows more blood to

flow there and will feel warmer. The area will become red and swollen.

2. A fever may occur. A fever is your body’s way of fighting an infection. This

is another way to destroy pathogens because they have a hard time reproducing and

growing in warm temperatures.

How does the inflammatory response rid the body of pathogens? Blood vessels widen to

allow more blood to the area. A fever warms the body to make it difficult for pathogens to

reproduce. Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Mouth:

Skin:

Breathing Passages:

Stomach:

Chemicals in the saliva kill pathogens.

Oils and chemical on the skin kill pathogens.

Pathogens also fall off dead skin cells.

Hairs, mucus, and cilia trap pathogens as they try to enter the body.

Stomach acids kill the pathogens.

Send in the Big Guns! Third Line of Defense:

Once a fever occurs, the third line of defense is called in; the immune response.

The immune response is controlled by the immune system. This system’s cells can tell

the difference between the different pathogens. The lymphocytes react accordingly.

Lymphocytes, white blood cells, target the pathogen. There are two types of

lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells.

T-cells: The job of the T-cell is to identify pathogens and distinguish one from

another. Your body has millions of T-cells in the blood. Each one identifies a different

pathogen based on markers, called antigens. Antigens are molecules that the immune

system recognizes as either part of your body or coming from outside of your body.

Each pathogen has an antigen with its own chemical structure.

In order to destroy the pathogen, the T-cell recognizes it, then divides many times

to produce more T-cells that recognize the antigen. Some T-cells attack the infected

cells while others activate B-cells.

B-cells: The job of the B-cell is to produce proteins called antibodies. An antibody is

a chemical produced by a B-cell that destroys a specific kind of pathogen. Each B-cell

makes one kind of antibody. They fit into an antigen like a puzzle piece.

Once the T-cells activate the B-cells, antibodies are created to fight the pathogen.

The antibodies will attach to the antigens on the pathogen. They clump together to

destroy them.

How do T-cells and B-cells help the immune system? T-cells recognizes the pathogen then

it divides many times to attack the infected cells. T-cells also activate B-cells.

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

Conclusion Questions:

1. What is the immune system? The immune system is one of the human

body systems that is designed to eliminate pathogens and other sicknesses that

invade the body to maintain homeostasis.

2. What parts make up the first line of defense against pathogens? The skin, breathing

passages; nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, mouth, and stomach.

3. What is the function of a scab? The scab prevents pathogens from entering so

this gives pathogens a short time frame in which they can enter the human body.

4. What is the difference between an inflammatory response and an immune response?

The inflammatory response releases chemicals that help stop the pathogen

through warming of the body and opening blood vessels. The immune response

kicks in when the other ways the body defends itself doesn’t work.

5. What happens if the pathogen does not allow the T-cells and B-cells to do their jobs?

If a pathogen is too strong for the T and B cells, it could overtake the body. This

would cause the body to become very sick, weak, and possibly die.

6. How might you know if the immune system is winning the battle against the

pathogens? If the immune system is winning the battle, the body will start to feel

better again.

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body systems that is designed to eliminate pathogens and other sicknesses that

Immune System First Line of Defense:First Line of Defense: Second Line of Defense:

Immune System What is the immune system? What is its function in the human body?

Inflammatory ResponseWhat is an inflammatory response? What happens during this time?

What two things happen when an inflammatory response is triggered?

What is a phagocyte?

Third Line of Defense:

Immune ResponseT-cells: B-cells:

What is the immune response?

How does the immune system work with other body systems?

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Mouth: Breathing Passages:

Skin: Stomach:

Samson’s Shoppe © 2019

A body system that eliminates pathogens and other sicknesses that invade the body to maintain homeostasis. There are three lines of defense to prevent pathogens from getting into the body.

Chemicals in the saliva kill pathogens.

Chemicals and oil on skin kill

pathogens. Some pathogens fall

off of dead skin cells.

Coughing and sneezing get rid of pathogens. Hair, mucus, and cilia trap

pathogens and prevent them from getting in.

Stomach acids kill dangerous pathogens.

A white blood cell that takes

over a pathogen

and breaks it down until

its destroyed.

It’s the body’s 2nd line of defense. The body leaks fluids and certain types of white blood cells into nearby tissues. The white blood cells fight the

pathogens.

Fever: Warmer body temperatures make it

difficult for pathogens to reproduce.

Blood vessels widen: Allows more blood to flow to an area. Feels warmer and

becomes red and swollen.

A white blood cell thatdistinguishes one pathogenfrom another. It recognizesthe antigen, divides many

times and either attacks thecells damaged by the

pathogen or activates the B-cells.

A white blood cell that makes protein to help destroy

pathogens. The protein is an antibody that locks into the pathogen to destroy it. They

fit together like puzzle pieces.

Alerted by the inflammatory response, it distinguishes between different pathogens to react and destroy.

Hair, mucus, and cilia trap pathogens in the

air that try to enter the body.

Coughing and sneezing get pathogens out of

the body.

Saliva in the mouth has chemicals that kill

pathogens.

Stomach acids kill pathogens.

When there is a cut, the blood

will workquickly to clot

and form a scab.This prevents

pathogens from entering the body.

Key

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