About SSNs and TINs on Government Forms and Correspondence, Form #05.012

7/23/2019 About SSNs and TINs on Government Forms and Correspondence, Form #05.012

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Hfaut [[Gs hg` PCGs ag Bavjrgijgt Earis hg` Karrjspag`jgkj 8 ae 58Kapyrcbot [avjrjcbgty Jùkhtcag hg` @jejgsj Icgcstry,ottp4//sjì.arbEari >:.>86, Vjv. 5-85-6>>? J_OCFCP4QQQQQQQQ

HFAZP [[Gs HG@ PCGs AG BAUJVGIJGPEAVI[ HG@ KAVVJ[ÂG@JGKJ

Mhst rjvcsj`4 5/85/6>>?
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@J@CKHPCAG

Oj \toj Fjhst, ijhgcgb kcvcm bavjrgijgt,Vjv. 83483Y khusjs hmm, fato sihmm hg` brjht, rcko hg` paar, erjj hg` smhvj, tarjkjcvj h ihrl ag tojcr rcbot ohg` ar ag tojcr earjojh`s, hg` toht ga agj ihy fuy ar sjmm jxkjpt agj woa ohs toj ihrl artoj ghij ae toj fjhst, ar toj guifjr ae ocs ghij.\Vjv. 8;485-82, Fcfmj, GLDUYEcrst Fawm4 Mahtosaij [arjs

[a toj ecrst wjgt hg` paurj` aut ocs fawm upag toj jhrto, hg` h eaum hg` mahtosaij sarj khij upag toj ijg woa oh` tojihrl ae toj fjhst hg` toasj woa warsocpj` ocs cihbj.\Vjv. 8546, Fcfmj, GLDUY

Hg` toj sialj ae tojcr tarijgt hskjg`s earjvjr hg` jvjr< hg` tojy ohvj ga rjst `hy ar gcbot, woa warsocp toj fjhst hgòcs cihbj, hg` woajvjr rjkjcvjs toj ihrl ae ocs ghij.\Vjv. 80488, Fcfmj, GLDUY

Hg` C shw toj fjhst, toj lcgbs ae toj jhrto, hg` tojcr hricjs, bhtojrj` tabjtojr ta ihlj whr hbhcgst Oci woa sht ag tojoarsj hg` hbhcgst Ocs hriy. Pojg toj fjhst whs khpturj`, hg` wcto oci toj ehmsj prapojt woa warlj` scbgs cg ocs

prjsjgkj, fy wocko oj `jkjcvj` toasj woa rjkjcvj` toj ihrl ae toj fjhst hg` toasj woa warsocpj` ocs cihbj. Pojsj twawjrj khst hmcvj cgta toj mhlj ae ecrj furgcgb wcto frcistagj.

\Vjv. 83483-6>, Fcfmj, GLDUY

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQPoj [hcgts Vjcbg wcto Korcst 8,>>> Sjhrs

Hg` C shw toragjs, hg` tojy sht ag toji, hg` du`bijgt whs kaiicttj` ta toji. Pojg C shw toj saums ae toasj woa oh` fjjgfjojh`j` ear tojcr wctgjss ta Djsus hg` ear toj war` ae Ba`, woa oh` gat warsocpj` toj fjhst ar ocs cihbj, hg` oh` gatrjkjcvj` ocs ihrl ag tojcr earjojh`s ar ag tojcr ohg`s. Hg` tojy mcvj` hg` rjcbgj` wcto Korcst ear h toaushg` yjhrs.\Vjv. 6>40, Fcfmj, GLDUYQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Vjsaurkjs ag woht toj Ihrl ae toj Fjhst cs hg` toj spcrctuhm jeejkts ae thlcgb toj Ihrl4

8. ^rapjrty hg` ^rcvhky ^ratjktcag Papck, [jktcag 24 Guijrckhm C`jgtceckhtcag hg` Hutaihtj` Prhklcgb (AEE[CPJMCGL)Ehicmy Buhr`chg Ejmmawsocpottp4//ehibuhr`chg.arb/[ufdjkts/^rapjrty^rcvhky/^rapjrty^rcvhky.oti#GZIJVCKHMQC@JGPCECKHPCAGQHG@QHZPAIHPJ@QPVHKLCGB4

6. [akchm [jkurcty4 Ihrl ae toj Fjhst, Eari #88.0>2ottp4//ehibuhr`chg.arb/ûfmckhtcags/[akchm[jkurcty/PAK.oti

;. [akchmcsi4 Poj Gjw Hijrckhg Kcvcm Vjmcbcag, Eari #>:.>85ottp4//sjì.arb/Earis/EariCg`jx.oti

0.

555 hg` toj Ihrl ae toj Fjhst-Hihzcgb Ehktsottp4//www.hihzcgbehkts.arb/ij`ch-mcfrhry/ij`ch/j/;50/t/555-hg`-toj-ihrl-ae-toj-fjhst

:. [hthg's Ihrl hg` Ba`'s [jhm-Hihzcgb Ehktsottp4//www.hihzcgbehkts.arb/ij`ch-mcfrhry/ij`ch/j/8088?/t/shthgs-ihrl---ba`s-sjhm

5. Poj Ihrl ae toj Fjhst-Hihzcgb Ehktsottp4//www.hihzcgbehkts.arb/ij`ch-mcfrhry/ij`ch/j/083/t/toj-ihrl-ae-toj-fjhst

2.

Poj Ihrl ae toj Fjhst-Hihzcgb Ehktsottp4//www.hihzcgbehkts.arb/ij`ch-mcfrhry/stu`y-buc`j/j/0332/t/toj-ihrl-ae-toj-fjhst
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PHFMJ AE KAGPJGP[

@J@CKHPCAG ........................................................................................................................................ 6

PHFMJ AE KAGPJGP[ ....................................................................................................................... ;

MC[P AE PHFMJ[ .................................................................................................................................. ;

PHFMJ AE HZPOAVCPCJ[ ................................................................................................................. 0

8 Cgtraùktcag ................................................................................................................................... 8>

6 [akchm [jkurcty Guifjrs ([[Gs) hg` Phxphyjr C`jgtceckhtcag Guifjrs (PCGs) hrj woht toj

EPK khmms h erhgkocsj ihrl...................................................................................................... 8>

; Pypjs ae Guifjrs ......................................................................................................................... 86

0 Cgtjrkohgbjhfcmcty ae [[Gs wcto PCGs ......................................................................................... 85

: Roa awgs toj Guifjr hg` woy yau àg't "ohvj" h guifjr .................................................. 82

5 Roa khg mhweummy fj cssuj` h "[akchm [jkurcty Guifjr"1 ....................................................... 68

2 [thtj kctczjgs ar ghtcaghms khggat usj guifjrs .......................................................................... 60

? Oaw ta tjricghtj ar kohgbj toj sthtus ae toj guifjr .............................................................. 6:

3

Oaw ta rjspag` ta rjqujsts ear [[Gs ar PCGs ............................................................................ 62

3.8 Bavjrgijgt hppmckhtcags ear hg hkkaugt ar fjgject ............................................................................................ 62 3.6 ^rcvhtj Jipmayjr Daf ar Kagtrhkt Hppmckhtcags ................................................................................................. 6?3.; Ecghgkchm Cgstctutcags .......................................................................................................................................... ;>3.0 @jhmcgb wcto pufmck sjrvhgts woa `jihg` h guifjr ht hg hu`ct ar jxhicghtcag........................................... ;8

8> Hutoarctcjs ag woy gagrjsc`jgts àg't gjj` [[Gs/PCGs ta apjg fhgl hkkaugts ar ear prcvhtj

jipmayijgt .................................................................................................................................... ;6

88 Ihg`htary Zsj ae [[Gs/PCGs ...................................................................................................... ;:88.8

Kaipjmmj` usj earfc``jg fy ^rcvhky Hkt ........................................................................................................... ;:

88.6 Fur`jg ae ^raae ag Poasj Kaipjmmcgb Zsj ........................................................................................................ ;:88.; ^jghmtcjs ear kaipjmmj` usj ................................................................................................................................ ;588.0 Rojg cs ct ihg`htary ug`jr toj C.V.K. ta pravc`j bavjrgijgt cssuj` guifjrs1 ............................................... ;5

86

^jghmtcjs ear ehcmurj ta `cskmasj guifjrs .................................................................................... 0086.8 Ehcmurj ta pravc`j PCG ag cgearihtcag rjturgs ................................................................................................... 00

86.6 Earjcbg Cgvjstijgt cg Vjhm ^rapjrty Prhgsejr Hkt (ECV^PH) pjghmtcjs ............................................................ 0:

8; Bjttcgb Vc` ae [[Gs/PCGs cg yaur CV[ ar atojr bavjrgijgt rjkar` ....................................... 05

80 Xucttcgb [akchm [jkurcty hg` mcvcgb wctoaut [[Gs ar PCGs ....................................................... 02

8: Oaw ta usj "sufstctutj guifjrs" ta hvac` fjcgb prcvcmjbj` ..................................................... 02

85 Fhglcgb hg` Ecghgkchm Cgùstry âmcky hg` Buc`hgkj ag Zsj ae [[G's hg` PCGs ................. 03

82 [uiihry hg` Kagkmuscags ........................................................................................................... :8

8? Vjsaurkjs ear Eurtojr [tu`y hg` Vjfutthm ................................................................................ ::

83 Xujstcags toht Vjh`jrs, Brhg` Durars, hg` ^jtct Durars [oaum` fj Hslcgb toj

Bavjrgijgt ................................................................................................................................... :5

MC[P AE PHFMJ[

Phfmj 84 Pypjs ae c`jgtceycgb guifjrs .................................................................................................................................. 8;Phfmj 64 C.V.K. [thtutary "Fjgjects" ...................................................................................................................................... 0>


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PHFMJ AE HZPOAVCPCJ[

Kagstctutcaghm ^ravcscags

Eceto Hijgìjgt ................................................................................................................................................................... 00Ecrst Hijgìjgt .................................................................................................................................................................... 6;Eaurto Hijgìjgt ................................................................................................................................................................ 03

Pjgto Hijgìjgt .................................................................................................................................................................. 6>Pocrtjjgto Hijgìjgt......................................................................................................................................... 68, 6:, 63, 0;

[thtutjs

86 Z.[.K. 82?5(q)(8) ............................................................................................................................................................ 0386 Z.[.K. 8?8?(s) ................................................................................................................................................................. 038? Z.[.K. 8>;> ..................................................................................................................................................................... 628? Z.[.K. 8:86 ..................................................................................................................................................................... ;58? Z.[.K. 8:?8 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 638? Z.[.K. 6>? ....................................................................................................................................................................... :28? Z.[.K. 6>?(h) ................................................................................................................................................................... 8?

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^rcvhky Hkt, : Z.[.K. ::6h(f) ........................................................................................................................................ 83, 0?[jktcag 2(f) ae toj ^rcvhky Hkt, ûf.M. 3;-:23 ..................................................................................................................... ;:[akchm [jkurcty Hkt .............................................................................................................................. 82, 83, 6:, :6, ::, :?, :3[akchm [jkurcty Hkt hs ae 6>>:, [jktcag 88>8 ........................................................................................................................ :?[akchm [jkurcty Hkt ae 83;: .................................................................................................................................................... 6>[akchm [jkurcty Hkt, [jktcag 88>8(h)(8) ................................................................................................................................. :?[akchm [jkurcty Hkt, [jktcag 88>8(h)(6) ................................................................................................................................. :?[akchm [jkurcty Hkt, Pctmj 06, Kohptjr 2 ................................................................................................................................. ::Pctmj 65 ae toj Z.[. Ka`j ........................................................................................................................................................ 8:Pctmj 06 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8:, 6>, :?Pctmj 06 ae toj Z.[. Ka`j ........................................................................................................................................................ 6>Pctmj : ae toj Z.[. Ka`j .......................................................................................................................................................... 6;

Vjbumhtcags

6> K.E.V. 066.8>; .................................................................................................................................................... 8;, 82, :56> K.E.V. 066.8>;(`) ..................................................................................................................................... 63, ;8, ;6, 0?, :86> K.E.V. 066.8>0 ....................................................................................................................... 8;, 68, 6:, 65, ;;, 06, :8, :?6> K.E.V. 066.8>0(h) ............................................................................................................................................................ :?65 K.E.V. 8.8-8(h)(6)(cc) ....................................................................................................................................................... 6365 K.E.V. 8.8008-8 ............................................................................................................................................................... 6:65 K.E.V. 8.8008-8(k )(80) ................................................................................................................................................... 0>


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;8 K.E.V. 8>;.868 ................................................................................................................................................................ 03;8 K.E.V. 8>;.;0(h)(;)(x) ..................................................................................................................................................... ;>;8 K.E.V. ;>5.8> .................................................................................................................................................................. ;0[akchm [jkurcty Vjbumhtcags, [akchm [jkurcty Hìcgcstrhtcag ................................................................................................ ::Pctmj 6> ae toj Ka`j ae Ej`jrhm Vjbumhtcags ........................................................................................................................... 66

Vumjs

Ej`jrhm Vumj ae Kcvcm ^rakjùrj 82(f) ................................................................................................................................... 88Ej`jrhm Vumj ae Kcvcm ^rakjùrj ?(f)(5) ................................................................................................................................. :5

Khsjs

Hsotag v. Khijrag Kaugty Rhtjr Cipravjijgt @cstrckt Ga. 8, 63? Z.[. :8;< :5 [.Kt. ?36 (83;5) .............................. 66, :3Hsowhg`jr v. Pjggjssjj Uhmmjy Huto., 632 Z.[. 6?? (83;5) ................................................................................................ :8Frah`rckl v. Almhoaih, 08; Z.[. 5>8, 585 -582 (832;) ........................................................................................................ ;8Fu`` v. ^japmj ae [thtj ae Gjw Sarl, 80; Z.[. :82 (8?36) ............................................................................................ 6>, 00Furbcg v. Earfjs, 63; Ly. 0:5, 853 [.R.6`. ;68, ;6: .......................................................................................................... :?K.C.V. v. Prustjjs ae M. Cgv. Hss'g, 8>> E.6`. 8? (83;3) ........................................................................................................ ;5Khi`jg v. Hmmjg, 6 @utko., ;3? ............................................................................................................................................. 0;Khrtjr v. Khrtjr Kahm Ka., 63? Z.[. 6;?, :5 [.Kt. ?:: (83;5) ......................................................................................... 66, :3Kcvcm [jrvckj Kaii'g v. Mjttjr Khrrcjrs, 08; Z.[. :0?, ::5 (832;) ...................................................................................... ;8Kaggckl v. Iyjrs, 058 Z.[. 8;?, 802 (83?;) ......................................................................................................................... ;8@aj v. Koha, :0> Z.[. 580 (6>>0) ......................................................................................................................................... ;5

Jkagaiy ^muifcgb & Ojhtcgb v. Z.[., 02> E.6`. :?: (8326) ............................................................................................... ;5Jmjktrck Ka. v. @aw, 855 Z.[. 0?3, 82 [.Kt. 50:, 08 M.J`. 8>?? ........................................................................................... 65Emjiicgb v. Gjstar, ;5; Z.[. 5>; (835>) ....................................................................................................................... 83, :2Emjiicgb v. Gjstar, ;5; Z.[. 5>;, 58>, ?> [.Kt. 8;52 (835>) .............................................................................................. :2Bhr`gjr v. Fra`jrckl, ;36 Z.[. 62;, 622 -62? (835?) .......................................................................................................... ;8Brjht Ehmms Ihguehkturcgb Ka. v. Httargjy Bjgjrhm, 860 Z.[. :?8 ....................................................................................... :8Brjht Ehmms Ihguehkturcgb Ka. v. Httargjy Bjgjrhm, 860 Z.[. :?8, ? [.Kt. 5;8, ;8 M.J`. :62< ............................................ 6:Brjht Ehmms Ieb. Ka. v. Httargjy Bjgjrhm, 860 Z.[. :?8, ? [.Kt. 5;8, ;8 M.J`. :62 ............................................................. 65Ohcb v. Hbjj, 0:; Z.[. 6?> (83?8) ........................................................................................................................................ 58Ohiijr v. @hbjgohrt, 602 Z.[. 6:8, 62: , ;? [.Kt. :63, ; H.M.V. 503, Hgg.Khs.838?J 260 .............................................. 66


7/61


Ohgsag v. Ujrgag, 62 Ch., 02 .................................................................................................................................................. 0;Ljmmjy v. Daogsag, 06: Z.[. 6;?, 602 (8325) ......................................................................................................................... ;8Mjaghr` v. Ucklsfurb, jtk., V. Ka., 83? Z.[. 085, 066, 6: [.Kt. 2:>, 03 M.J`. 88>? ............................................................ 65Mckjgsj Phx Khsjs, 26 Z.[. 056, 8? M.J`. 032, : Rhmm. 056, 6 H.E.P.V. 6660 (8?55) .................................................... 0;, :6Mahg Hssakchtcag v. Papjlh, 6> Rhmm. 5:: (8?20) ........................................................................................................... 0;, :0Magb v. Vhsiussjg, 6?8 E. 6;5 (8366) .................................................................................................................................. ;5Ihttjr ae Ihyar ae G.S., 88 Daogs., 22 ................................................................................................................................. 0;Gjwfmakl v. Fawmjs, 82> Alm. 0?2, 0> ^.6`. 8>32, 88>> ...................................................................................................... :?

Gartojrg Mcfjrtcjs v. [t. Daogs Kourko, 8; ^h. [t., 8>0 ........................................................................................................ 0;Gartag v. [ojmfy Kaugty, 88? Z.[. 06: (8??:) ..................................................................................................................... 5>A'Kaggar v. Artjbh, 0?> Z.[. 2>3, 26; (83?2) ...................................................................................................................... ;8^hkl v. [autowjstjrg Fjmm Pjm. & Pjm. Ka., 68: Pjgg. :>;, ;?2 [.R.6`. 2?3, 230 ......................................................... 8?, :5^cjrkj v. [aijrsjt Vy., 828 Z.[. 508, 50?, 83 [.Kt. 50, 0; M.J`. ;85 .................................................................................. 65^acg`jxtjr v. Brjjgoaw, 880 Z.[. 62>, : [.Kt. 3>; (8??:) ................................................................................................... 5>^rhy v. Gartojrg Mcfjrtcjs, ;8 ^h.[t., 53 ................................................................................................................................ 0;^ufmck Rarljrs v. Ictkojmm, ;;> Z.[. 2:, 8>8 (8302) ............................................................................................................ ;8Vuthg v. Vjpufmckhg ^hrty ae Cmmcgacs, 032 Z.[. 56 (833>) ..................................................................................................... ;8[cglcgb Eug` Khsjs, 33 Z.[. 2>> (8?2?) ......................................................................................................................... 66, 00[t. Maucs Khstcgb Ka. v. ^rjg`jrbhst Kagstruktcag Ka., 65> Z.[. 053 ................................................................................... :8[t. Maucs Ihmmjhfmj Khstcgb Ka. v. ^rjg`jrbhst Kagstruktcag Ka., 65> Z.[. 053, 0; [.Kt. 82?, 52 M.J`. ;:8 ..................... 65[t. Maucs, jtk., Ka., v. Bjarbj K. ^rjg`jrbhst Kagst. Ka., 65> Z.[. 053, 0; [.Kt. 82?, 52 M.J`. ;:8. .................................. 65

Z.[. v. Futmjr, 632 Z.[. 8 (83;5) ..................................................................................................................................... 0;, :0Rhmm v. hrrat [cmvjr & Kappjr Ka., 600 Z.[. 0>2 ................................................................................................................. :8Rhmm v. ^hrrat [cmvjr & Kappjr Ka., 600 Z.[. 0>2, ;2 [.Kt. 5>3, 58 M.J`. 8663< ................................................................. 65Rhmm v. ^hrrat [cmvjr & Kappjr Ka., 600 Z.[. 0>2, 088, 086, ;2 [.Kt. 5>3, 58 M.J`. 8663< ................................................. 65

Atojr Hutoarctcjs

555 hg` toj Ihrl ae toj Fjhst, Hihzcgb Ehkts .................................................................................................................. 6, ::Hfaut CV[ Eari R-?FJG, Eari #>0.6>6................................................................................................................. 68, 63, ;>Heec`hvct ae Kctczjgsocp, @aickcmj, hg` Phx [thtus, Eari #>6.>>8 ................................................................................. ;>, 0?HIJG@J@ CV[ Eari R-?FJG ........................................................................................................................................... ;>Htthkoijgt ta Bavjrgijgt eari wocko hsls ear [akchm [jkurcty Guifjr, Ehicmy Buhr`chg Ejmmawsocp ............................. 05

Fmhkls Mhw @cktcaghry, [cxto J`ctcag, p. 86;8 ............................................................................................................... 8?, :5Fmhkls Mhw @cktcaghry, [cxto J`ctcag, p. :?8 ....................................................................................................................... :?Fauvcjrs Ihxcis ae Mhw, 8?:5 ............................................................................................................................................ 65Khjshr ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8>, 88Kohgbj Saur Ecmcgb [thtus ta "gagrjsc`jgt hmcjg" hg` "@jguifjr" yaursjme, [avjrjcbgty Earis hg` Cgstruktcags Agmcgj,

Eari #8>.>>0, stjp ;.80 ..................................................................................................................................................... 02Kctczjgsocp [thtus v. Phx [thtus, Eari #8>.>88, [jktcag 86 .................................................................................................. 6:Karrjktj` Cgearihtcag Vjturg Htthkoijgt Mjttjr, Eari #>0.>>6 .................................................................................... ;>, 0?Karrjktcgb Jrragjaus Cgearihtcag Vjturgs, Eari #>0.>>8 .............................................................................................. ;>, 0?Karrjktcgb Jrragjaus CV[ Eari 8>06s, Eari #>0.>>;.................................................................................................. ;>, 0?Karrjktcgb Jrragjaus CV[ Eari 8>3?s, Eari #>0.>>0.................................................................................................. ;>, 0?Karrjktcgb Jrragjaus CV[ Eari 8>33s, Eari #>0.>>:............................................................................................ ;>, ;8, 0?Karrjktcgb Jrragjaus CV[ Eari R-6s, Eari #>0.>>5 ................................................................................................... ;>, 0?

@jihg` ear Ujrcecj` Jvc`jgkj ae Prh`j ar Fuscgjss Hktcvcty4 Cgearihtcag Vjturg, Eari #>0.>>2 ..................................... ;>@jvjmapcgb Jvc`jgkj ae Kctczjgsocp hg` [avjrjcbgty Kaursj, Eari #86.>>6 ...................................................................... 62@ag't Bcvj Saur Kocm`rjg [akchm [jkurcty Guifjrs, [avjrjcbgty Earis hg` Cgstruktcags Agmcgj, Eari #8>.>>0,

Cgstruktcags, [tjp 8.8 .......................................................................................................................................................... 05Ehicmy Buhr`chg Rjfsctj, Phxjs phbj ................................................................................................................................... ::Ej`jrhm hg` [thtj Phx Rctooam`cgb Aptcags ear ^rcvhtj Jipmayjrs, Eari #>3.>>8 .................................................. 63, ;>, 05Ej`jrhm Prh`j Kaiicsscag (E.P.K.) ....................................................................................................................................... 8>Eari R-2 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 85EPK Erhgkocsj Vumj Kaipmchgkj Buc`j, Ihy 6>>? .............................................................................................................. 8>EPK Erhgkocsj Vumj Kaipmchgkj Buc`j, Ihy 6>>?, p. 8 ...................................................................................................... 8>


8/61

Hfaut [[Gs hg` PCGs ag Bavjrgijgt Earis hg` Karrjspag`jgkj ? ae 58Kapyrcbot [avjrjcbgty Jùkhtcag hg` @jejgsj Icgcstry,ottp4//sjì.arbEari >:.>86, Vjv. 5-85-6>>? J_OCFCP4QQQQQQQQ

Bjttcgb h Z[H ^hsspart hs h "[thtj Ghtcaghm, Eari #>3.>>2 ............................................................................................... 05Bavjrgijgt C`jgtcty Pojet, Eari #>:.>05 ............................................................................................................................ ;:Bavjrgijgt Cgstctutj` [mhvjry Zscgb Erhgkocsjs, Eari #>:.>;> .............................................................................. :6, :0, ::Brjht CV[ Oahx, Eari #88.;>6 .................................................................................................................................. 6>, ;2, ::Brjht CV[ Oahx, Eari #88.;>6 , [jktcags 0.;.8; hg` :.0 toraubo :.0.;.5 ............................................................................ 8:Cgkaij Phx Rctooam`cgb hg` Vjpartcgb, Eari #86.>>0........................................................................................................ ;>Cgtjrghm Vjvjguj Ihguhm (C.V.I.), [jktcag 6>.8.2.8.: .......................................................................................................... 0:Cgtjrghm Vjvjguj Ihguhm (C.V.I.), [jktcag 0.8>.2.6.? .......................................................................................................... 62

Cgtjrghm Vjvjguj Ihguhm (C.V.I.), [jktcag :.80.8>.6 (>3-;>-6>>0) .................................................................................... 66CV[ Kcrkumhr J4 Jipmayjr's Phx Buc`j .................................................................................................................................. 80CV[ @uj ^rakjss Ijjtcgb Ohgàut, Eari #>;.>>? ............................................................................................................... 6:CV[ Eari 8>0>GV Cgstruktcags, Sjhr 6>>2, p. 3 ................................................................................................................... ;?CV[ Eari 8>06s ............................................................................................................................................................... 06, :6CV[ Eari 8>06s Cgstruktcags, Sjhr 6>>5, p. 80 ............................................................................................................... ;?, :;CV[ Eari 0>63 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6>CV[ Eari 0>634 Hppmckhtcag ear Jxjiptcag erai [akchm [jkurcty Phxjs hg` Rhcvjr ae Fjgjects ........................................ 02CV[ Eari :5 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6;, 62CV[ Eari ?6;; ....................................................................................................................................................................... 08CV[ Eari [[-0 ....................................................................................................................................................................... :8CV[ Eari R-0 .................................................................................................................................................................. 6>, :;CV[ Eari R-2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 8;, :8

CV[ Eari R-?, Kjrtceckhtj ae Gag-Earjcbg [thtus ................................................................................................................. 0:CV[ Eari R-?FJG ................................................................................................................................................................ 05CV[ Eari R-?FJG, Eari #>0.6>6 ....................................................................................................................................... 0?CV[ Eari R-3 .................................................................................................................................................................. 8;, :8CV[ Eari R-34 Hppmckhtcag ear GAGPH_^HSJV c`jgtceckhtcag guifjr ........................................................................... 02CV[ Earis R-6 hg` 8>33 ....................................................................................................................................................... ;>CV[ Earis R-6, 8>06-[, 8>3?, 8>33, L-8 ............................................................................................................................. 00CV[ Earis R-6, 8>06-[, 8>3?, ar 8>33 ................................................................................................................................. ;>CV[ ûfmckhtcag 838: ................................................................................................................................................. 8;, 8:, 85CV[ ûfmckhtcag 838:, p. :, Vjv. 3-6>>2, Khthmab Guifjr 66:;;I ..................................................................................... 8:CV[ ûfmckhtcag :83, Sjhr 6>>:, p. 6; ................................................................................................................................... ;2Mjbhm Cgearihtcag Cgstctutj4 [akchm [jkurcty, Kargjmm Zgcvjrscty ........................................................................................... ::Mjbhm Vjqucrjijgt ta Ecmj Ej`jrhm Cgkaij Phx Vjturgs, Eari #>:.>>3 ............................................................................... 6:

Mjttjr hfaut [akchm [jkurcty Guifjrs, [akchm [jkurcty Hìcgcstrhtcag ................................................................................. 02Gag-Vjsc`jgt Gag-^jrsag âsctcag, Eari #>:.>6> ................................................................................................... 63, ;8, :8Gag-Vjsc`jgt Gag-^jrsag âsctcag, Eari #>:.>6>, [jktcag 8>.0.6 ...................................................................................... 85Apjgcgb Fhgl Hkkaugts Rctoaut [[Gs, Hgtcsoystjr Ihbhzcgj ............................................................................................ 02^raae Poht Pojrj Cs h [trhw Ihg, Eari #>:.>06 ............................................................................................................... 6:^rapjrty hg` ^rcvhky ^ratjktcag Papck, [jktcag 24 Guijrckhm C`jgtceckhtcag hg` Hutaihtj` Prhklcgb, Ehicmy Buhr`chg

Ejmmawsocp ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6, ::Xuct [akchm [jkurcty hg` Vjskcg` yaur [akchm [jkurcty Guifjr, [avjrjcbgty Earis hg` Cgstruktcags Agmcgj, Eari #8>.>>0,

stjp ;.82 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 05Vjhsaghfmj Fjmcje Hfaut Cgkaij Phx Mchfcmcty, Eari #>:.>>2 ............................................................................................. :5Vjhsaghfmj Khusj Vjbumhtcags hg` Vjqucrjijgts ear Icsscgb hg` Cgkarrjkt Ghij/PCGs, CV[ ûfmckhtcag 8:?5 ................ 63Vjscbghtcag ae Kaipjmmj` [akchm [jkurcty Prustjj, Eari #>5.>>6........................................................... 68, 65, 62, 63, 02, ::[hthg's Ihrl hg` Ba`'s [jhm, Hihzcgb Ehkts .................................................................................................................... 6, ::[jkrjts ae toj [akchm [jkurcty Guifjr, Fucmèrjjài ........................................................................................................... 02[J@I Jxocfct #>2.>86 .......................................................................................................................................................... 65[J@I Mcfjrty Zgcvjrscty ...................................................................................................................................................... ::[J@I Ijifjr Hbrjjijgt, Eari #>8.>>8 ........................................................................................................................... 0?[akchm [jkurcty Hìcgcstrhtcag Mjttjr, Jxocfct #>2.>>0 .................................................................................................. 8:, 6?[akchm [jkurcty Khr` ............................................................................................................................................. 8;, 8?, :8, :6[akchm [jkurcty eari [[-:684 Vjqujst ear Rcto`rhwhm ae Hppmckhtcag .................................................................................. 02[akchm [jkurcty Guifjr ([[G), [avjrjcbgty Earis hg` Cgstruktcags Agmcgj, Eari #8>.>>0, Kctjs fy Papck ...................... 05[akchm [jkurcty Guifjrs ear Kocm`rjg1, [akchm [jkurcty Hìcgcstrhtcag ............................................................................... 02[akchm [jkurcty âmcky Ihguhm, Eari #>5.>8; ....................................................................................................................... 02


9/61


[akchm [jkurcty ^rabrhi âmcky @akuijgts, [akchm [jkurcty Hìcgcstrhtcag........................................................................ ::[akchm [jkurcty ûfmckhtcag 06->>24 [pjkceckhtcags ear Ecmcgb Earis R-6 Jmjktragckhmmy ..................................................... 02[akchm [jkurcty4 Ihrl ae toj Fjhst, Eari #88.0>2 ................................................................................................................. 6[akchm [jkurcty4 Càmhtry hg` [mhvjry, Ijrky [jht Korcstchg Kourko ..................................................................................... ::[akchm [jkurcty4 Ihrl ae toj Fjhst, Eari #88.0>2 ................................................................................................................ ::[akchmcsi4 Poj Gjw Hijrckhg Kcvcm Vjmcbcag, Eari #>:.>85 .......................................................................................... 6, 8:[avjrjcbgty Earis hg` Cgstruktcags Agmcgj, Eari #8>.>>0 ................................................................................................... ::[[H Eari [[-04 Hppmckhtcag ear Jipmayjr C`jgtceckhtcag Guifjr ....................................................................................... 80

[[H Eari [[-: ......................................................................................................................................... 8;, 83, 05, :6, :;, ::[thtj @IU Kohgbj ae H``rjss mjttjr ..................................................................................................................................... 05P.@. 2;>5, ;3 EV 3302, Ihr. 8:, 8320 .................................................................................................................................. 85Phx Eari Htthkoijgt, Eari #>0.6>8 .................................................................................................................................... 0?Phxphyjr C`jgtceckhtcag Guifjr (PCG) .................................................................................................................................. 05Poj Prh`j ar Fuscgjss [khi, Eari #>:.>>8 ...................................................................................................................... 63Poj Mhw ae Ghtcags, p. ?2, J. @j Uhttjm, Uamuij Porjj, 82:? ............................................................................................. 06Poj Ihrl ae toj Fjhst, Hihzcgb Ehkts ........................................................................................................................ 6, ::, :5Rjfstjr's Kammjbchtj @cktcaghry, 83?;, C[FG >-?2223-:8>-_, p. ::5 .................................................................................. 83Roa hrj Phxphyjrs hg` woa gjj`s h Phxphyjr C`jgtceckhtcag Guifjr1, Eari #>:.>8; ................................................ ::Roy @aickcmj hg` Fjkaicgb h Phxphyjr Vjqucrj Saur Kagsjgt, Eari #>:.>>6........................................... 6>, 6:, ;0, :8Roy Ct cs Cmmjbhm ear Ij ta Vjqujst ar Zsj h Phxphyjr C`jgtceckhtcag Guifjr, Eari #>0.6>: ....................................... 6?, ::Roy Cts h Krcij ear h [thtj Kctczjg ta Ecmj h 8>0> Cgkaij Phx Vjturg, Eari #>?.>68 ....................................................... 6:

Roy [thtutary Kcvcm Mhw cs Mhw ear Bavjrgijgt hg` Gat ^rcvhtj ^jrsags, Eari #>:.>;2 ............................................ 6:, :0Roy yau hrj h "ghtcaghm", "sthtj ghtcaghm", hg` Kagstctutcaghm fut gat [thtutary Kctczjg, Eari #>:.>>5 ............................. :8Roy Sau Hrjgt Jmcbcfmj ear [akchm [jkurcty, Eari #>5.>>8 .......................................................................................... 02, :6Roy Saur Bavjrgijgt cs Jctojr h Pocje ar Sau hrj h ûfmck Aeeckjr ear Cgkaij Phx ûrpasjs, Eari #>:.>>?.. 6;, 6:, :0Rarlcgb wctoaut hg [[G, Hgtcsoystjr Gjws Ihbhzcgj ........................................................................................................ 02Rragb ^hrty Gatckj, Eari #>2.8>: ................................................................................................................................. 6?, 03Saur Vcbots Vjbhr`cgb [akchm [jkurcty Guifjrs, Ehicmy Buhr`chg Ejmmawsocp .................................................................. 02


10/61

Hfaut [[Gs hg` PCGs ag Bavjrgijgt Earis hg` Karrjspag`jgkj 8> ae 58Kapyrcbot [avjrjcbgty Jùkhtcag hg` @jejgsj Icgcstry,ottp4//sjì.arbEari >:.>86, Vjv. 5-85-6>>? J_OCFCP4QQQQQQQQ

8

Cgtraùktcag8

Ct cs UJVS ciparthgt toht wj eummy ug`jrsthg` woy hg` oaw toj bavjrgijgt usjs guifjrs ta c`jgtcey us fato ag earis hg`6

cg tojcr kaiputjr systjis, woy ct àjs tocs, hg` hmm toj heejkts upag aur rcbots. Cg ehkt, ce yau whgt ta `cskagtcguj vamugthry;

phrtckcphtcag cg toj ej`jrhm hg` sthtj cgkaij thx systjis, toj hfsamutj iast ciparthgt tocgb yau khg à cs ta jmcicghtj hmm0

c`jgtceycgb guifjrs cg kaggjktcag wcto yau. Zg`jrsthg`cgb tocs khg mctjrhmmy ijhg toj ceejrjgkj fjtwjjg fjcgb h erjj pjrsag:

hg` h bavjrgijgt smhvj.5

6 [akchm [jkurcty Guifjrs ([[Gs) hg` Phxphyjr C`jgtceckhtcag Guifjrs (PCGs)2

hrj woht toj EPK khmms h erhgkocsjihrl?

Poj Ej`jrhm Prh`j Kaiicsscag (E.P.K.) ohs `jecgj` h kaiijrkchm erhgkocsj hs eammaws43

.. .h kaiijrkchm fuscgjss hrrhgbjijgt cs h erhgkocsjce ct shtcsecjs torjj `jecgctcaghm jmjijgts. [pjkceckhmmy,8>toj erhgkocsar iust488

(8) praicsj ta pravc`j h trh`jihrl ar atojr kaiijrkchm syifam> urcgb toj ecrst scx iagtos ae apjrhtcags.80\EPK Erhgkocsj Vumj Kaipmchgkj Buc`j, Ihy 6>>?, p. 8-erhgkocsj-rumj-kaipmchgkj-buc`jY85

Cg toj kagtjxt ae toj hfavj akuijgt, toj [akchm[jkurcty Guifjrar PhxphyjrC`jgtceckhtcagGuifjreugktcag jssjgtchmmy82hs woht toj EPK khmms h erhgkocsjihrl. Ct fjohvjs hs woht wj khmm h `jehkta mckjgsjta rjprjsjgt Khjshr hs h pufmck8?aeeckjr483

"H erhgkocsj jgthcms toj rcbot ta apjrhtj h fuscgjss toht cs "c`jgtcecj` ar hssakchtj` wcto toj erhgkocsar's6>trh`jihrl, ar ta aeejr, sjmm, ar `cstrcfutj baa`s, sjrvckjs, ar kaiia`ctcjs toht hrj c`jgtcecj` ar hssakchtj` wcto68toj erhgkocsar's trh`jihrl." Poj tjri "trh`jihrl" cs cgtjg`j` ta fj rjh` frah`my ta kavjr gat agmy trh`jihrls,66fut hgy sjrvckj ihrl, trh`j ghij, ar atojr h`vjrtcscgb ar kaiijrkchm syifam. Pocs cs bjgjrhmmy rjejrrj` ta hs toj6;"trh`jihrl" ar "ihrl" jmjijgt.60

Poj erhgkocsar \toj bavjrgijgtY gjj` gat awg toj ihrl ctsjme, fut ht toj vjry mjhst iust ohvj toj rcbot ta6:mckjgsj toj usj ae toj ihrl ta atojrs. Cg`jj`, toj rcbot ta usj toj erhgkocsar's ihrl cg toj apjrhtcag ae toj65

fuscgjss - jctojr fy sjmmcgb baa`s ar pjrearicgb sjrvckjs c`jgtcecj` wcto toj ihrl ar fy uscgb toj ihrl, cg62woamj ar cg phrt, cg toj fuscgjss' ghij - cs hg cgtjbrhm phrt ae erhgkocscgb. Cg ehkt, h suppmcjr khg hvac` Vumj6?

kavjrhbj ae h phrtckumhr cstrcfutcag hrrhgbjijgt fy jxprjssmy praocfctcgb toj `cstrcfutar erai uscgb cts ihrl."63\EPK Erhgkocsj Vumj Kaipmchgkj Buc`j, Ihy 6>>?[AZVKJ4ottp4//fuscgjss.etk.bav/àkuijgts/fus2>-erhgkocsj-rumj-kaipmchgkj-buc`jY;8

Pocs shij [[G ar PCG erhgkocsj ihrl cs woht toj Fcfmj khmms tojihrl ae toj fjhst. Ct `jecgjs tojFjhsths toj;6bavjrgijgt ar kcvcm rumjrs4;;

"Hg` C shwtoj fjhst, toj lcgbs ae toj jhrto, hg tojcr hricjs, bhtojrj` tabjtojr ta ihlj whr hbhcgst Oci woa;0sht ag toj oarsj hg` hbhcgst Ocs hriy.";:\Vjv. 83483,Fcfmj, GLDUY;5

Oj\toj bavjrgijgt FJH[PY khusjs hmm, fato sihmm hg` brjht, rcko hg` paar, erjj hg` smhvj, ta rjkjcvj h ihrl;2ag tojcr rcbot ohg` ar ag tojcr earjojh`s, 82 hg` toht ga agj ihy fuy ar sjmm jxkjpt agj woa ohs toj ihrl ar\eYtoj;?ghij ae toj fjhst, ar toj guifjr ae ocs ghij.;3

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11/61


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12/61


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13/61

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14/61

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16/61


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