8/8/2019 About Spss

1/3

Categorical data:

Only 2 variable: 0: unmarried, 1: married. The mode is the category with the greatest number of cases.

Nominal data: Categorical data where there is no inherent order to the categories. For example, a job

category of sales is not higher or lower than a job category of marketing or research.

Ordinal data: Categorical data where there is a meaningful order of categories, but there is not a

measurable distance between categories. For example, there is an order to the values high, medium,

and low, but the "distance" between the values cannot be calculated. the median (the value at which

half of the cases fall above and below) may also be a useful summary measure if there is a large number

of categories

Scale: Data measured on an interval or ratio scale, where the data values indicate both the order of

values and the distance between values. For example, a salary of $72,195 is higher than a salary of

$52,398, and the distance between the two values is $19,797. Also referred to as quantitative or

continuous data.

About SPSS

1) To decode the data: transform recode into the same variables old and new values.

Old value existing data.. new value the coding that you want..

2) bar charts/pie charts/ box plotsgraphschart builder okchoose fromgallery the one that

suites youdrag the variables on x axis and respective ones on y axis select color according to

which variable drag that one.

3) One new and important graphgraphslegacy dialogspopulation pyramid

4) To draw pie chart u can use 123 first to get percentage of all groups from 123.

Analysedescriptive statistics123.

5) Mean and standard deviation can be found out by Analysedescriptive statiticsdescriptives.

6) For box plot u can also use Analysedescriptive statiticsexplore.

7) For huge list of test Analysedescriptive statiticscross tab.

8) For

age Mean N

Std.

Deviation Range Kurtosis

Harmonic

Mean

Std. Error of

Skewness Skewness

Geometric

Mean

Analyse compare meansmeans

9) For one sample t test analyse compare means one sample t test.

10)For F test and independent t test analyse compare meansindependent t test.

11)For paired t test analyse compare meanspaired t test.

12)For one way anova analyse compare meansone way anova.

13)For correlation analysecorrelate bivariate

14)For proximity analysecorrelate distances.

15)Very useful For visual correlation by nearest neighbor analyse classifynearest neighbor

16)For factor analysis, variance explained analysedimension reduction factor.

8/8/2019 About Spss

2/3

http://www.cs.uu.nl/docs/vakken/arm/SPSS/spss7.pdf for detailed info

17)For cronbach alpha, analysescalereliablity analysis.

18)For chi square, analysenon parametric testchi square.

19)Binomial test can be applied where there are only two options. Observed proportion can beknown from binomial test. analysenon parametric testbinomial test.

20)Select Histograms and With normal curve.

Click Continue, and then click OK in the main dialog box to run the procedure .

If one value is more mean does not give a proper result median to be used for such cases.

21) Crosstabulation tables (contingency tables) display the relationship between two or morecategorical (nominal or ordinal) variables. The size of the table is determined by the number of

distinct values for each variable, with each cell in the table representing a unique combination ofvalues. Numerous statistical tests are available to determine whether there is a relationship

between the variables in a table.

22) for better picture by cross tabs and better analysis analysedescriptive analysiscrosstabputin rows and columnscellspercentagerowscontinue.

statisticschi-square take value of pearson chi squareThe significance value

(Asymp. Sig.) has the information we're looking for. The lower the significance value, the less

likely it is that the two variables are independent (unrelated).

23) If in case we want to find the effect of intervening variable i.e like in tutorial ownershipdepends on level of income because of education. Put education as layer 1 of 1.

24) to change the color, text style and other of the graph double click chart editor windowopensclick on the bar or text u want to change editpropertieschoose whatever needs to beedited

25) for displaying the data values: the graph double click chart editor window opensclick on

the bar or text u want to change elementsdata label mode.

26)to find out the correlation between 2 variables analysecorrelate bivariateput the 2

variables tick the pearson test see output.

Correlations

age marital

age Pearson Correlation 1 .024

8/8/2019 About Spss

3/3

Sig. (2-tailed) .958

N 7 7

marital Pearson Correlation .024 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .958

N 7 7

R= 0.024

P value= 0.958

N= 7

Put r in formula on page 488 in stats book.

27) To check for normality of any data normal probability plot

Analyze-- descriptive analysis-- Q-Q-- Put the variables - ok.

If S curve then data is constant (flat)

If distinct pattern then data skewed

If pts spread around diagonal line on both sides n no specific pattern then data is normal.

28)to check for variance:

http://academic.udayton.edu/gregelvers/psy216/SPSS/1wayanova.htm

29) to check for independence:

http://academic.udayton.edu/GregElvers/psy216/spss/nominaldata.htm