Abortion Clinic Violence: A Comparative Study of Mainstream and Extremist Pro-Life Organization

7/31/2019 Abortion Clinic Violence: A Comparative Study of Mainstream and Extremist Pro-Life Organization

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B`kpxekd Nceden Qekcodno= B Nklzbpbxeqo ^xuh ka Lbed~xpobl bdh Ovxpole~x Zpk,

Ceao Kpibde}bxekd~

Ncbepo ]ellop ^xoedo~

Godkd Nkccoio

Ykph Nkudx= 5#5>2


2/36


3/36

^xoedo~ >

B`kpxekd Nceden Qekcodno= B Nklzbpbxeqo ^xuh ka Lbed~xpobl bdh

Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Kpibde}bxekd~

Kqop xfo zb~x aeaxood obp~ xfopo fbqo òod oeifx luphop~# akupxood bxxolzxoh

luphop~# xyk,fudhpoh bdh akpx hobxf xfpobx~# bdh oeifx,dedo ednehodno~ ka b~~bucx kd

b`kpxekd zpkqehop~ bdh xfoep olzckoo~ kp qkcudxoop~ &Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd Aohopbxekd

0::5%$ Lk~x ponodxc# cbxo,xopl b`kpxekd hknxkp Iokpio Xeccop yb~ ~fkx xk hobxf ed Lb#

0::5 yfeco fo bxxodhoh nfupnf ~opqeno~ yexf fe~ ablec ed Yenfexb# Gbd~b~$ Uox ho~zexo

xfe~ qekcodno# leccekd~ ka bdxe,b`kpxekd bnxeqe~x~ fbqo zpkxo~xoh bdh lbpnfoh zobnoaucc

bdh akploh zobnoauc kpibde}bxekd~ hbxedi `bng xk xfo ûzpolo Nkupx hone~ekd kaPko q$

Ybho ed 259>$ Aupxfoplkpo# lbd ka xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~# ~unf b~

Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao bdh xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo# nkdholdoh xfo

luphop ka Iokpio Xeccop bdh ~xbxoh xfbx qekcodno fb~ dk zbpx ed xfoep biodhb$ Fkyoqop#

ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~# ~unf b~ xfo Bpl ka Ikh# fbqo noco`pbxoh xfo luphop bdh

ol`pbnoh xfo geccop b~ b fopk bdh lbpxp$ Xfopoakpo# ex e~ oqehodx xfbx bcxfkuif `kxf

ovxpole~x bdh lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~ ~oog xk odh b`kpxekd zpbnxeno~ ed kup

nkudxp# xfo bpo ruexo heaaopodx ed xfo yb xfbx xfo bzzpkbnf xfo e~~uo# ~zoneaenbcc ed

xopl~ ka xfo u~o ka qekcodno$ Yf hk ~klo zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~ nkdhkdo xfo u~o ka

qekcodno yfeco kxfop~ nkdhold ex; Yfbx e~ xfo xpeiiop akp qekcodno7 yfbx nbu~o~ xfe~

hpb~xen ~xoz xk ò xbgod; Xfe~ e~ xfo e~~uo xfbx xfe~ zbzop yecc ovzckpo$

Ove~xedi po~obpnf kd zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~ bdh b`kpxekd nceden qekcodno xodh~ xk

aknu~ kd xfo lk~x hpb~xen nb~o~ ka qekcodno$ Akp ovblzco# xfopo e~ bd bùdhbdno ka

cexopbxupo bhhpo~~edi b`kpxekd nceden qekcodno b~ xoppkpe~l bdh xfo ~zoneaen luphop~ xfbx

fbqo knnuppoh kqop xfo zb~x aeaxood obp~ &@beph,Yedhco bdh @bhop 0::27 Modged~ 0::>7


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^xoedo~ 8

DBA 0::5%$ Xfopo e~ bc~k ove~xedi cexopbxupo xfbx bhhpo~~o~ zobnoauc zpk,ceao

kpibde}bxekd~# ~unf b~ Lbvyocc~ Zpk,Ceao Bnxeqe~x~ ed Blopenb= Lobdedi# Lkxeqbxekd#

bdh Heponx Bnxekd &0::0%$ Fkyoqop# E yb~ udb`co xk aedh bd nklzbpbxeqo ~xuheo~ ka

lbed~xpobl bdh ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~$ Xfu~# yo nbd ipkudh kup~ocqo~ ed xfo cexopbxupo

kd `kxf ipkuz~ ~ozbpbxoc bdh ònklo ablecebp yexf ipkuz qbcuo~ bdh òfbqekp~# ùx

xfopo e~ b ibz ed xfo nklzbpe~kd òxyood xfo xyk$ Xfe~ zbzop yecc ~oog xk `pehio xfbx ibz$

Xfe~ e~ bd elzkpxbdx e~~uo xk ovbledo akp b dulòp ka pob~kd~$ Aep~x# akp lbd ka

u~# o~zonebcc xfk~o yfk bpo zpk,nfkeno# ex e~ qop fbph xk ponkdneco bdxe,b`kpxekd qekcodno$

Zpk,nfkeno edheqehubc~ òceoqo xfbx b yklbd~ peifx xk nfkk~o e~ b ~eideaenbdx apoohkl

bdh e~ bd b~zonx ka pozpkhunxeqo peifx~ xfbx xfo bpo udyeccedi xk ieqo uz$ Yfeco ~klo zpk,

nfkeno edheqehubc~ lb xkcopbxo xfo zpk,ceao òceoa xfbx b`kpxekd e~ ypkdi# ex ~ool~ oqehodx

xfbx xfo zpk,nfkeno nklludex hko~ dkx nkdhkdo xfo u~o ka qekcodno xk ~xkz b`kpxekd$

Xfu~# xfo u~o ka qekcodno ` lolòp~ ka ovxpole~x zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~ ~opqo~ xk aupxfop

bceodbxo xfo zpk,nfkeno nklludex apkl xfo zpk,ceao nklludex$ Aupxfoplkpo# ex bccky~

xfo zpk,nfkeno nklludex xk ~xpodixfod ex~ òceoa xfbx xfo zpk,ceao nklludex e~

nklzk~oh zpelbpec ka abdbxenbc# edxkcopbdx# poceieku~ }obckx~$ Xfopoakpo# b`kpxekd nceden

qekcodno bdh xfo mu~xeaenbxekd bdh pob~kdedi òfedh ex# e~ dono~~bp xk udhop~xbdh akp xfo

~bgo ka xkcopbxekd$ @ dk lobd~ bl E bpiuedi xfbx qekcodno ~fkuch ò xkcopbxoh# `

lolòp~ ka oexfop ipkuz7 pbxfop# E bl bpiuedi xfbx ex e~ elzkpxbdx xk udhop~xbdh xfo

he~xednxekd òxyood lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~ bdh ovxpolo zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~#

~k xfbx yo hk dkx he~nkudx kp he~npohex xfo odxepo zpk,ceao lkqolodx b~ b yfkco# bdh xk

zpoqodx ak~xopedi aupxfop qekcodno bdh fbxpoh$


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^xoedo~ ?

ônkdh# bdxe,nfkeno ovxpole~x qekcodno e~ b xkzen xfbx ho~opqo~ bnbholen bxxodxekd

ònbu~o ex fb~ b fuio elzbnx kd kup ~baox# kup nfkeno~# bdh kup ~knebc pobcex$ B~ Yechop#

@beph,Yedhco bdh @bhop# bdh DBPBC Zpk,Nfkeno Blopenb zkedx kux# xfe~ qekcodno#

~xbxe~xenbcc ~zobgedi# e~ ~opqedi b~ b hoxoppodx akp doy hknxkp~ nkd~ehopedi odxopedi xfo

aeoch ka b`kpxekd zpkqe~ekd# bdh e~ nbu~edi kxfop~ yfk fbqo òod ed xfo aeoch akp obp~ xk

honeho xfbx xfo nbd dk ckdiop polbed akp aobp ka xfoep kyd ceqo~ bdh xfo ceqo~ ka xfoep

ckqoh kdo~ &25567 0::27 0::5%$ Bcxfkuif ex e~ elzkpxbdx xk bzzpkbnf edakplbxekd xfbx e~

nkledi apkl b zbpxe~bd kpibde}bxekd# ~unf b~ DBPBC# yfenf ncobpc fb~ b zpk,nfkeno

biodhb# yexf bd bhhoh lob~upo ka ~npuxed# E akudh ~elecbp bpiulodx~ kd xfo hoxoppodno

oaaonx ed xfo èzbpxe~bd cexopbxupo b~ yocc &Yechop 25567 @beph,Yedhco bdh @bhop 0::27

Modged~ 0::>%$ Aupxfoplkpo# bnx~ ka ovxpolo qekcodno# ~unf b~ luphop kp zf~enbc b~~bucx#

bpo bc~k ponkphoh ed doy~ bpxenco~# zkceno ponkph~# bdh xkyd `ckxxop~ &Abu~~ox 0::57 Hbdb

0::5%$ Xfo~o èzbpxe~bd ~kupno~ edhenbxo xfbx bcxfkuif ~klo ka l ~kupno~ hk dkx zupzkpx

xk ò k`monxeqo# xfo hk zpkqeho hbxb xfbx e~ `kxf poceb`co bdh qbceh$

Xfe~ hoxoppodno oaaonx fb~ b ipobx elzbnx dkx kdc kd b kpxekd zpkqehop~ bdh xfoep

ableceo~# ùx kd xfo auxupo ka yklod~ fobcxf nbpo ed iodopbc$ YfecoPko q$ Ybho ibqo

yklod xfo Nkd~xexuxekdbc peifx xk nfkk~o# xfe~ qekcodno ~opqo~ b~ b aobp xbnxen `kxf akp

zbxeodx~ bdh hknxkp~7 b yklbd~ peifx xk nfkk~o e~ òedi celexoh# xk ~klo hoipoo# ` bdxe,

nfkeno ovxpole~x~$ Yfbx e~ xfo po~ucx ka edheqehubc~ bnxedi b~ lkpbc npu~bhop~# olzckedi

qeiecbdxo mu~xeno bdh cbòcedi ex b~ mu~xeaeb`co fkleneho# bdh fky hko~ xfe~ baaonx ku p

zopnozxekd ka xfo zpk,ceao nklludex bdh b yklbd~ peifx xk nfkk~o; Xfo~o ruo~xekd~

zkedx xk xfo yb~ ed yfenf b`kpxekd nceden qekcodno baaonx~ kup ~knebc nkd~xpunxekd ka

pobcex# bdh xk xfo elzkpxbdno ka ieqedi xfe~ e~~uo bnbholen bxxodxekd$


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^xoedo~ 1

CEXOPBX_PO POQEOY

Lunf ka xfo cexopbxupo ~uppkudhedi b`kpxekd nceden qekcodno apblo~ xfo b`kpxekd

nkdxpkqop~ b~ b nucxupo ybp# kp yfbx Mblo~ Fudxop hoaedo~ b~ b zkcexenbc bdh ~knebc

fk~xecex pkkxoh ed heaaopodx ~~xol~ ka lkpbc udhop~xbdhedi &Cugop 25687 Fudxop 2552=

807 Ied~ùpi 2556%$ Ed xfo nucxupo ybp lkhoc# xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ e~ qeoyoh ` `kxf

zpk,ceao bdh zpk,nfkeno ipkuz~ b~ b ~xpuiico kqop lunf lkpo xfbd mu~x b`kpxekd7 ex e~ ~ood

b~ b `bxxco kqop xfo nkudxp~ qbcuo~ bdh ehodxex &Cugop 25687 Fudxop 2552%$ Xfo

"Xfokpoxenbc Apbloykpg" ~onxekd ka xfe~ zbzop yecc ovzbdh kd xfo nucxupo ybp lkhoc bdh

xfo yb ed yfenf ex edakpl~ xfo pocbxekd~fez òxyood xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ bdh

qekcodno$

Ed fop ykpgGeccedi akp Ceao= Xfo Bzknbczxen Dbppbxeqo ka Zpk,Ceao Zkcexen~# Nbpkc

Lb~kd poedakpno~ xfo dkxekd xfbx xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ lb ò qeoyoh b~ b `bxxco

òxyood ikkh bdh oqec$ ^fo feifceifx~ kdo ka xfo lk~x nkllkd xfolo~ ed xfo cexopbxupo

~uppkudhedi bdxe,b`kpxekd ovxpole~x~= poceieku~ pfoxkpen$ Xfo cexopbxupo poqobc~ xfbx lk~x

ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~ u~o qekcodno ònbu~o xfo òceoqo ex e~ xfo yecc ka Ikh# bdh xfbx

ea xfo hk dkx odh b`kpxekd# Ikh yecc dk ckdiop zpkxonx xfol &Hkdkqbd 256?7 Lb~kd

0::07 Pe~od bdh Xfklb~ 2556%$ Aupxfoplkpo# akp lbd zpk,ceao ovxpole~x~# xfo ~xpuiico

kqop fky yo hoaedo kup~ocqo~ b~ b dbxekd e~ ~xpkdic pkkxoh ed xpbhexekdbc Nfpe~xebd

qbcuo~# bdh xfo bpo aobpauc xfbx xfo~o qbcuo~ bpo ~cezzedi byb &Ied~ùpi 25567 Lb~kd

0::0%$ Ed xfe~ nb~o# qekcodno e~ u~oh akp xfo ipobxop ikkh# b~ b yb xk po~xkpo Ikh~ kphop

bdh lbedxbed fe~ zpkxonxekd# bdh ucxelbxoc xk fbqo ikkh xpeulzf kqop oqec &Hkdkqbd

256?7 Pe~od bdh Xfklb~ 25567 Lb~kd 0::0%$


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^xoedo~ 9

Xfopo e~ bc~k nkllkd poaopodno xk Iodo~e~ 5=1 ed xfo cexopbxupo ~uppkudhedi

b`kpxekd nceden qekcodno= Yfk~koqop ~foh~ lbd~ `ckkh# ` lbd fe~ `ckkh ~fbcc ò ~foh

&Pe~od bdh Xfklb~ 2556= >8:%$ Xfo cexopbxupo zkedx~ kux xfbx Iodo~e~ 5=1 e~ kaxod u~oh b~

b mu~xeaenbxekd akp qekcodno bdh xfbx akp bdxe,b`kpxekd ovxpole~x~# qekcodno e~ dkx

nkd~ehopoh bd eccoiexelbxo xbnxen$ Pbxfop# ex e~ qeoyoh b~ ckienbc# mu~xeaeb`co# bdh oqod

dono~~bp &Yechop 2556# Lb~kd 0::0%$ Xfo cexopbxupo bc~k ~xpo~~o~ xfbx xfopo e~ dkx kdo

zbpxenucbp zpkaeco akp bdxe,b`kpxekd ovxpole~x~7 xfo bpo dkx bcc poceieku~ }obckx~# dkp bpo

xfo dono~~bpec he~xupòh edheqehubc~ yexf z~nfkckienbc zpk`col~ &Lbvyocc bdh Mocod

25517 Pe~od bdh Xfklb~ 2556%$

Xfo cexopbxupo edhenbxo~ xfbx lbd ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~ mu~xea qekcodno yexf b

uxecexbpebd bpiulodx$ Ed kxfop ykph~# yfeco xfo~o ipkuz~ lb b~~opx xfbx geccedi e~ ypkdi#

xfo bpiuo xfbx geccedi kdo b`kpxekd hknxkp yecc ~bqo xfku~bdh~ ka nfechpod~ ceqo~# bdh e~

mu~xeaeb`co onbu~o ck~edi kdo ceao e~ co~~ nk~xc xk ~kneox xfbd ck~edi xfku~bdh~ ka ceqo~

&Pe~od bdh Xfklb~ 25567 Yechop 25567 @beph,Yedhco bdh @bhop 0::27 Modged~ 0::>%$

Xfe~ e~ kaxod poaoppoh xk b~ xfo hknxpedo ka dono~~ex# yfenf Ied~ùpi hoaedo~ b~ $$$b

òceoa xfbx qekcodno e~ zople~~e`co b~ b cb~x po~kpx xk ~xkz kp zpoqodx ipobxop qekcodno

&2556= 0>:%$ Ed xfe~ ~od~o# qekcodno e~ u~oh xk ~xkz yfbx e~ nkd~ehopoh ipobxop qekcodno ed

xfo auxupo# yfopob~ xfo edqknbxekd ka Iodo~e~ 5=1 zpo~odx~ qekcodno b~ b akpl ka

poxpeùxekd akp ypkdihkedi$ ^klo zpk,ceao ipkuz~ lb bc~k xupd xk qekcodno ònbu~o xfo

aooc xfbx zobnoauc zpkxo~xedi yecc dkx nbu~o xfo nfbdio~ xfbx xfo ipkuz ybdx~ xk lbgo

&Ied~ùpi 25567 Lb~kd 0::0%$ Yexf xfe~ bpiulodx qekcodno e~ qeoyoh b~ b zkcexenbc

po~kupno bdh b lobd~ xk lbgo b nfbdio akp xfo ikkh ka ~kneox &Ied~ùpi 25567 Yechop

25567 Lb~kd 0::0%$


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^xoedo~ 6

Ove~xedi cexopbxupo bc~k poqobc~ xfbx yfeco xfo luphop pbxo ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~ e~

pocbxeqoc cky &oeifx luphop~ ed xfo zb~x aeaxood obp~ e~ co~~ xfbd kdo luphop zop obp%#

b`kpxekd nceden qekcodno e~ b ~opeku~ e~~uo xfbx baaonx~ b`kpxekd zpkqehop~ bdh nceden

olzckoo~ &Yechop 25567 @beph,Yedhco bdh @bhop 0::27 Lb~kd 0::07 Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd

Aohopbxekd 0::57 DBPBC 0::5%$ Nceden qekcodno e~ ~opqedi b~ b hoxoppodx akp xfk~o

nkd~ehopedi odxopedi xfo aeoch# bdh e~ nbu~edi ~klo hknxkp~ xk ruex xfoep zpbnxeno~ akp aobp

ka xfoep kyd ceqo~ kp xfo ~baox ka xfoep ableceo~ &Yechop 25567 @beph,Yedhco bdh @bhop

0::27 Lb~kd 0::0%$

Xfu~# ex e~ oqehodx xfbx xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ lb edhooh ò qeoyoh b~ b gedh

ka fkc ybp# kp b `bxxco òxyood ikkh bdh oqec$ Qekcodno e~ mu~xeaeoh yexf xfo dkxekd ka b

ipobxop ikkh# xfo yecc ka Ikh# kp b~ zude~flodx akp hkedi ~kloxfedi oqec$ _xecexbpebd

bpiulodx~ bdh poceieku~ pfoxkpen bpo `kxf u~oh xk `kc~xop xfe~ mu~xeaenbxekd$ Rukxbxekd~

apkl bdxe,b`kpxekd ovxpole~x~ ed xfo cexopbxupo poqobc xfbx qekcodno lb bc~k ò u~oh

~elzc ònbu~o kxfop# co~~ ovxpolo xbnxen~ bpo dkx ykpgedi$ Akp ovblzco# Ied~ùpi rukxo~

Pbdhbcc Xopp# fobh ka xfo ovxpole~x bdxe,nfkeno ipkuz Kzopbxekd Po~nuo# kd yf fo

~xbpxoh u~edi qekcodx xbnxen~= ")E bc~k pobce}oh xfbx xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx yb~ dkx npobxedi

xfo xod~ekd bdh uzfobqbc dono~~bp xk zpkhuno zkcexenbc bdh ~knebc nfbdio$ Yo yopo òedi

xkk deno)" &2556= 0>2%$

Yfeco xfo le~~ekd ka xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx b~ b yfkco e~ xk eccoibce}o b`kpxekd#

~klo ipkuz~ nfkk~o xk zpkxo~x ed zobnoauc# coibc yb~# yfeco kxfop~ u~o qekcodno$ Nbd xfe~

ò ovzcbedoh ~elzc yexf xfo dkxekd xfbx xfo ovxpole~x~ bpo lkpo bdveku~ xk lbgo b

nfbdio; Xfe~ lb ò b zbpx ka xfoep lkxeqbxekd# ùx ex hko~ dkx ovzcbed xfo ~xbpg nkdxpb~x

òxyood lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz bnxekd bdh ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz bnxekd$ Yfeco xfo


9/36

^xoedo~ 5

cexopbxupo zkedx~ kux lbd kqopbpnfedi xfolo~ yexfed xfo ovxpole~x bdxe,nfkeno

lkqolodx# xfopo e~ b ibz ed xfo cexopbxupo nklzbpedi ovxpole~x bdxe,nfkeno bdh

lbed~xpobl bdxe,nfkeno ipkuz~$ Yfeco lbd ka xfo xfolo~ ehodxeaeoh ed xfo cexopbxupo yecc

~upoc zcb edxk xfo he~xednxekd òxyood xfo xyk ipkuz~# E ~oog xk udhop~xbdh yfbx ovbnxc

nbu~o~ xfe~ he~xednxekd$ Ex e~ l fkzo xfbx xfe~ po~obpnf yecc ~foh doy ceifx kd xfe~ xkzen

bdh yecc zpkqeho nklzbpbxeqo edakplbxekd xfbx e~ nuppodxc kqopckkgoh ed xfo cexopbxupo$

XFOKPOXENBC APBLOYKPG

Xpbqe~ Fep~nfe~ nkdxpkc xfokp# Mblo~ Fudxop~ nucxupo ybp lkhoc# Hkdbch

@cbng~ nkdnozx ka ~oca,focz# bdh Fkybph @ongop bdh Ohyed Colopx~ xfokpoxenbc ykpg

kd lkpbc odxpozpodoup~ edakpl l po~obpnf kd ovxpole~x bdh lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~$

ôca,Focz

Hkdbch @cbng~ xfokpoxenbc ykpg kd xfo nkdnozx ka ~oca,focz poaconx~ kdo ka xfo

he~xednxekd~ òxyood lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao bdh ovxpole~x ipkuz~$ @cbng ovzcbed~ xfbx ~oca,

focz knnup~ yfod b npelo# ~unf b~ luphop# e~ u~oh b~ b akpl ka ~knebc nkdxpkc ed kphop xk

po~zkdh xk yfbx e~ zopnoeqoh b~ hoqebdx òfbqekp$ @cbng b~~opx~ xfbx ~oca,focz edqkcqo~ b

ipeoqbdno ovzpo~~oh ` kdo ipkuz kp edheqehubc uzkd bdkxfop ed xfo akpl ka xfoax# luphop

kp pbzo$ Xfu~# @cbng bpiuo~ xfbx ed kup lkhopd ~kneox# bnx~ xfbx bpo cbòcoh npeledbc bpo

kaxod bnx~ ka ~oca,focz$ @cbng)~ nkdnozx ka ~oca,focz kaaop~ bd ovzcbdbxekd b~ xk yf

nopxbed ovxpole~x ipkuz~ u~o qekcodno xk aupxfop xfoep biodhb ònbu~o xfo qeoy xfe~

qekcodno b~ mu~xeaeb`co poxpeùxekd akp b`kpxekd zpbnxeno~$

Nucxupo Ybp Lkhoc


10/36

^xoedo~ 2:

Fudxop~ nucxupo ybp lkhoc apblo~ xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ ex~ocabdh ~foh~ ceifx

kd xfo yb nopxbed ipkuz~ nkd~xpunx xfo nkdxpkqop~ heaaopodxc apkl kxfop~$ Fudxop

ovzcbed~#

E hoaedo nucxupbc nkdacenx qop ~elzc b~ zkcexenbc bdh ~knebc fk~xecex pkkxoh ed

heaaopodx ~~xol~ ka lkpbc udhop~xbdhedi$ Xfo odh xk yfenf xfo~o fk~xecexeo~ xodh

e~ xfo hkledbxekd ka kdo nucxupbc bdh lkpbc oxfk~ kqop bcc kxfop~$ Cox ex ò ncobp#xfo zpednezco~ bdh ehob~ xfbx lbpg xfo~o nklzoxedi ~~xol~ ka lkpbc

udhop~xbdhedi bpo ` dk lobd~ xpeacedi ùx bcyb~ fbqo b nfbpbnxop ka ucxelbn xk

xfol$ Xfo bpo dkx lopoc bxxexuho~ xfbx nbd nfbdio kd b yfel ùx `b~en

nkllexlodx~ bdh òceoa~ xfbx zpkqeho b ~kupno ka ehodxex# zupzk~o bdhxkioxfopdo~~ akp xfo zokzco yfk ceqo ` xfol$ &2552= 80%

Yexfed xfo nucxupo ybp lkhoc# xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ e~ ~ood b~ b fkc ybp7 ex e~ dkx

~elzc b `bxxco kqop b`kpxekd peifx~# ùx b ~xpuiico kqop xfo ~kuc ka xfo nkudxp bdh xfo

qbcuo~ `kxf zpk,ceao bdh zpk,nfkeno edheqehubc~ fkch hobp$ Xfe~ lkhoc yecc ~fbzo l

he~nu~~ekd ka xfo yb ed yfenf qekcodno e~ mu~xeaeoh ` ovxpole~x ipkuz~ ed xfo dblo ka b

ipobxop ikkh# kp b~ xfo yecc ka Ikh# bdh lb ovzcbed yf xfo~o ipkuz~ xbgo hpb~xen bnxekd

yfod kxfop~ yexf xfo ~blo biodhb hk dkx$

Nkdxpkc Xfokp

Xpbqe~ Fep~nfe~ nkdxpkc xfokp nbd ò bzzceoh xk xfo ~ooledic fzknpexenbc u~o ka

qekcodno ` zpk,ceao ovxpole~x~ yfk b~~opx xfbx bcc fulbd ceao e~ ~bnpoh$ Fep~nfe b~g~#

Fky nbd b zop~kd òceoqo ex e~ ypkdi xk ~xobc bx xfo ~blo xelo fo e~ ~xobcedi;ea `kxf

xfo hoqebdx bdh xfo dkd,hoqebdx òceoqo xfo hoqebdx bnx e~ ypkdi# fky hk yo bnnkudx akp

xfo abnx xfbx kdo nkllex~ ex bdh xfo kxfop hko~ dkx; &2515= >2,>0%$ Xfe~ ruo~xekd yecc

apblo l he~nu~~ekd ka fky xyk ipkuz~ yexf ~elecbp òceoa~ &e$o$ b`kpxekd e~ ypkdi#

luphop e~ ypkdi% nbd bnx ~k heaaopodxc &e$o$ kdo e~ zobnoauc bdh kdo e~ qekcodx%$ Fep~nfe

ovzcbed~ xfbx kdo bzzpkbnf xbgod ` nkdxpkc xfokpe~x~ xk ovzcbed xfe~ nkdxpbhenxekd bpiuo~

xfbx xfo hoqebdx pbxekdbce}o~ fe~ òfbqekp ~k xfbx fo nbd bx kdno qekcbxo xfo puco bdh


11/36

^xoedo~ 22

lbedxbed fe~ òceoa ed ex$ &2515= >0%$ Xfe~ b~~opxekd ~uzzkpx~ xfo bpiulodx zux akpxf ed

xfo cexopbxupo xfbx bdxe,nfkeno ovxpole~x~ mu~xea xfo u~o ka qekcodno ed kphop xk zpoqodx

aupxfop qekcodno$

Lkpbc Npu~bho

Ohyed Colopx~ nkdnozx ka lkpbc npu~bho yecc ~fbzo l bdbc~e~ ka yf ~klo

zpk,ceao ipkuz~ xupd xk qekcodno yfeco kxfop~ hk dkx$ Colopx ovzcbed~ xfbx#

Kdo gedh ka xfokp zpkzk~o~ xfbx xfo pe~o ka doy lkpbc bdh zodbc hoaedexekd~ e~ xfo

ykpg ka lkpbc odxpozpodoup~# kp lkpbc npu~bhop~ elùoh yexf b ~od~o kale~~ekd xk elzk~o xfoep kyd lkpbcex kd kxfop~ ed kphop xk zpo~opqo b xfpobxodoh

yb ka ceao$ ûnf zokzco bpo udnkdnopdoh yexf lobd~ xk odh~$$$ &2590=25%

Lkpbc npu~bho pocbxo~ xk xfo yb ed yfenf ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~ uxece}o qekcodno xk

zpkxonx b xfpobxodoh yb ka ceao# bdh xk xfo ovxpole~x zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~ nkd~xpunxekd

ka xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ b~ b gedh ka fkc ybp kp "lkpbc npu~bho$"Fkybph @ongop~

xfokpoxenbc ykpg kd lkpbc odxpozpodoup~ `pedi~ uz ~elecbp e~~uo~$ @ongop ypexo~ ka xfo

lkpbc odxpozpodoup=

Xfo ove~xedi puco~ hk dkx ~bxe~a fel ònbu~o xfopo e~ ~klo oqec yfenf zpkakudhc

he~xup`~ fel$ Fo aooc~ xfbx dkxfedi nbd ò peifx ed xfo ykpch udxec puco~ bpo lbho

xk nkpponx ex$ Fo kzopbxo~ yexf bd b`~kcuxo oxfen7 yfbx fo ~oo~ e~ xpuc bdh xkxbccoqec yexf dk rubceaenbxekd$ Bd lobd~ e~ mu~xeaeoh xk hk byb yexf ex$ Xfo npu~bhop

e~ aopqodx bdh peifxoku~# kaxod ~oca,peifxoku~$ &251>= 289,286%

Ed Fudxop~ nucxupo ybp lkhoc# edheqehubc~ xodh xk qeoy xfo ykpch ed b`~kcuxo xopl~$ B~

@ongop ovzcbed~# xfo lkpbc odxpozpodoup e~ ruexo ~elecbp bdh ~oo~ b ~xpkdi he~xednxekd

òxyood peifx bdh ypkdi$ Xfe~ nbd ò bzzceoh xk xfo yb ed yfenf ovxpole~x zpk,ceao

ipkuz~ nkd~xpuo xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ ed `cbng bdh yfexo xopl~$

LOXFKH^


12/36

^xoedo~ 20

Nkdxodx bdbc~e~ yb~ zopakploh kd akup lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~

yo`~exo~ bdh kdo ovxpole~x kpibde}bxekd~ yo`~exo$ Ipkuz~ yopo ~oconxoh kd xfo `b~e~ ka b

aoy heaaopodx abnxkp~= kpibde}bxekd~ yopo ehodxeaeoh# akp xfo zupzk~o~ ka l po~obpnf# b~

lbed~xpobl ea xfoep zu`cen po~zkd~o xk xfo hobxf ka Hp$ Xeccop yb~ nkdholdbxkp# yfeco

kpibde}bxekd~ yopo ehodxeaeoh b~ ovxpole~x ea xfoep zu`cen po~zkd~o xk xfo hobxf yb~

noco`pbxkp$ Bd oaakpx yb~ lbho xk nfkk~o xfo lk~x yocc,gdkyd bdh o~xb`ce~foh

kpibde}bxekd~# xfopoakpo E ~oconxoh kpibde}bxekd~ `b~oh kd yfoxfop xfo bpo lodxekdoh kd

xfo Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd Aohopbxekd bdh DBPBC Zpk,Nfkeno Blopenb yo`~exo~# bdh `b~oh

kaa ka xfo aporuodn xfbx xfo kpibde}bxekd~ yopo lodxekdoh ed xfo ove~xedi cexopbxupo$ E

nfk~o xk u~o xfo~o kpibde}bxekd~) yo`~exo~# b~ kzzk~oh xk lbib}edo~# zblzfcox~ kp `kkg~#

b~ l k`monx ka bdbc~e~ ònbu~o xfe~ yb~ xfo lk~x bnno~~e`co yb xk cobpd b`kux xfo

kpibde}bxekd~$ Xfo e~~uo ka bnno~~eècex yb~ go akp xfe~ po~obpnf ònbu~o xfo

nkdxpkqop~ebc ipkuz~ E nfk~o xk ~xuh fbqo fbh xfoep zu`cenbxekd~ nod~kpoh# lbd ka xfoep

gdkyd lolòp~ bpo ed mbec# bdh xfo kxfop lolòp~ bpo bdkdlku~ bdh xfopoakpo

elzk~~e`co xk nkdxbnx akp edakplbxekd$ Xfu~# E honehoh xfbx xfo o~x yb xk bnno~~

edakplbxekd b`kux xfo~o nkdxpkqop~ebc ipkuz~ yb~ xfo edxopdox# bdh ònbu~o E ybdxoh xk

nck~oc nklzbpo xfo xyk xzo~ ka ipkuz~# E nfk~o xk ckkg bx xfoep yo`~exo~ bdh ovbledo

xfo ~elecbpexeo~ bdh heaaopodno~$

Bcxfkuif E fbh kpeiedbcc edxodhoh xk bdbc}o xod kpibde}bxekd~# aeqo ovxpole~x

zpk,ceao bdh aeqo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao# xfe~ odhoh uz òedi zpk`colbxen$ Yfeco xfopo e~ b

lucxexuho ka lbed~xpobl kpibde}bxekd~ yexf yo`~exo~ kd xfo edxopdox# E yb~ kdc b`co xk

aedh kdo xfbx ovzcenexc nkdhkdoh xfo u~o ka qekcodno$ E heh aedh bd edxopo~xedi nbxoikp ka

ipkuz~ xfbx heh dkx nkdhkdo xfo u~o ka qekcodno akp ex~ kyd lolòp~# ùx heh dkx


13/36

^xoedo~ 2>

he~nkupbio kxfop~ apkl u~edi qekcodno$ E yecc edncuho b `peoa he~nu~~ekd ka xfo~o

kpibde}bxekd~ ed l "Po~ucx~" ~onxekd# ùx nfk~o dkx xk zopakpl nkdxodx bdbc~e~ kd xfol

huo xk xfo celexoh ~nkzo ka xfe~ po~obpnf$

E nfk~o xk bdbc}o xfo Bpl ka Ikh b~ l ovxpole~x kpibde}bxekd bdh 8: Hb~ akp

Ceao# xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo# xfo Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo# bdh Blopenbd~

_dexoh akp Ceao b~ l akup lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~$ Bcxfkuif E hehd)x fbqo b nfkeno ed

xopl~ ka xfo ipkuz E ~oconxoh akp l ovxpole~x bdbc~e~# b~ zpoqeku~c lodxekdoh xfopo bpo

fudhpoh~ ka lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~ yexf yo`~exo~# ~k E fbh b ckx ka xfo~o ipkuz~ xk

nfkk~o apkl$ Edexebcc E ybdxoh xk u~o kdc dbxekdbc ipkuz~ xfbx heh dkx ~oca,ehodxea b~

zkcen# cby# kp poceieku~ kpibde}bxekd~ ònbu~o E ybdxoh xk bdbc}o xfo lk~x

pozpo~odxbxeqo ipkuz~ b~ zk~~e`co$ Fkyoqop# E akudh xfbx qop aoy zpk,ceao kpibde}bxekd~

abcc udhop xfe~ ho~npezxekd# ~k E ~oconxoh xfo lk~x yocc,o~xb`ce~foh bdh pozpo~odxbxeqo

ipkuz~ E nkuch aedh$ Xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo e~ b dbxekdbc zkcen ipkuz xfbx

yb~ akudhoh ed 259> ed heponx po~zkd~o xk xfoPko q$ Ybho ûzpolo Nkupx hone~ekd$

Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao e~ b zu`cen,edxopo~x# dkd,zpkaex zkcen ipkuz yexf kaaeno~ ed

Nfenbik bdh Yb~fedixkd# H$N$ Ex yb~ akudhoh ed 2592 bdh e~ xfo kcho~x dbxekdbc zpk,ceao

kpibde}bxekd ed xfo nkudxp$ Xfo Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo# akudhoh ed 256: ` Mkoc

^nfoehcop# e~ b dbxekdbc zpk,ceao bnxeqe~x bdh ohunbxekdbc kpibde}bxekd `b~oh ed Nfenbik$ 8:

Hb~ akp Ceao e~ b zpk,ceao ipkuz yfenf kpibde}o~ zpk,ceao nblzbeid~ bnpk~~ xfo nkudxp$

Ex kpibde}oh ex~ aep~x nblzbeid ed @pbd+Nkccoio ^xbxekd# Xovb~ ed 0::8 bdh xk hbxo fb~

nkkphedbxoh aeqo dbxekdbc nblzbeid~ xfpkuif ab~xedi# qeiec~# zpbop# bdh nklludex

kuxpobnf$ Apkl xfo lbd kpibde}bxekd~ xk nfkk~o apkl# E nfk~o xfo~o akup ed~xobh ka xfo

Blopenbd Ceao Cobiuo bdh xfo Cbl`~ ka Nfpe~x# `kxf ka yfenf bpo bc~k ~xpkdic


14/36

^xoedo~ 28

o~xb`ce~foh kpibde}bxekd~$ Xfe~ nfkeno yb~ lbho ònbu~o# ed ~klo ka xfo cexopbxupo#

ho~zexo ehodxeaedi b~ dkd,qekcodx kd ex~ fklozbio# xfo Cbl`~ ka Nfpe~x fb~ òod poaoppoh

xk b~ bd "ovxpole~x" kpibde}bxekd &Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd Aohopbxekd 0::5%$ Aupxfoplkpo# xfo

Blopenbd Ceao Cobiuo ykuch fbqo bc~k òod b ikkh kzxekd# ùx ~oca,ehodxeaeoh b~ b

Nbxfkcen kpibde}bxekd bdh E zpoaoppoh xk u~o ipkuz~ xfbx yopo b~ dkd,zbpxe~bd bdh

onulodenbc b~ zk~~e`co$

Bclk~x bcc ka xfo luphop~ ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~ ~edno 255> fbqo òod cedgoh xk xfo

Bpl ka Ikh &Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd Aohopbxekd 0::5%$ B~ zpoqeku~c lodxekdoh# yfeco E fbh

kpeiedbcc edxodhoh xk bdbc}o bd orubc dulòp ka ovxpole~x bdh lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

ipkuz~# xfe~ zk~oh b ~opeku~ nfbccodio$ E yb~ udb`co xk aedh bd ipkuz~ xfbx ovzcenexc

nkdhkdoh bdh odnkupbioh xfo u~o ka qekcodno# ovnozx akp xfo Bpl ka Ikh$ Xfe~ e~ huo ed

zbpx xk xfo abnx xfbx ~klo ka xfo~o yo`~exo~ fbqo òod polkqoh ònbu~o ka xfoep qekcodx

nkdxodx$ Akp ovblzco# xfo Blopenbd Nkbcexekd ka Ceao Bnxeqe~x~ kdno fbh b yo`~exo yfenf

nkdxbedoh yfbx e~ nkllkdc poaoppoh xk b~ xfo "Dupolùpi Aeco~$" Xfo Dupolùpi Aeco~

yb~ b hoxbecoh ce~x ka b`kpxekd zpkqehop~ bdh ~lzbxfe}op~ bdh edncuhoh nkdxbnx

edakplbxekd akp obnf$ Oqop xelo kdo ka xfo edheqehubc~ kd xfo ce~x yb~ geccoh# b~~bucxoh#

kp zux kux ka ykpg# xfo yo`~exo ykuch nfbdio xfo dblo apkl `cbng xk poh akdx# bdh ykuch

zux b ~cb~f xfpkuif xfo dblo$ Ex fb~ òod ~beh xfbx xfo edakplbxekd kd xfo Dupolùpi

Aeco~ yb~ uxece}oh ` lbd ka xfo geccop~ ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~# edncuhedi Iokpio Xeccop)~

geccop# ^nkxx Pkohop$ Xfo Dupolùpi Aeco~ fbqo òod polkqoh apkl xfo edxopdox# ~k E yb~

udb`co xk zopakpl b nkdxodx bdbc~e~ ka xfo Blopenbd Nkbcexekd ka Ceao Bnxeqe~x~$ Xfu~# E

he~nkqopoh xfpkuif xfo nkup~o ka l po~obpnf xfbx huo xk xfo ovzcenexc qekcodx nkdxodx kd

xfo ovxpole~x~) yo`~exo~# lunf ka ex fb~ òod polkqoh apkl xfo edxopdox# kp e~ qop


15/36

^xoedo~ 2?

heaaenucx xk aedh# bdh xfe~ lb ò kdo ka xfo pob~kd~ yf xfopo e~ b ibz ed xfo nklzbpbxeqo

cexopbxupo kd ovxpole~x bdh lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~$ _cxelbxoc# E yb~ kdc b`co xk

bdbc}o kdo ovxpole~x kpibde}bxekd# ùx bnnkphedi xk xfo cexopbxupo# ex ~ool~ xk odnbz~ucbxo

bcc ka xfo xfolo~ zpo~odx ed xfo ovxpole~x ehokcki$

Aep~x E ovbledoh obnf yo`~exo ~ozbpbxoc# xbgedi dkxo~ kd bcc ka l k`~opqbxekd~#

edncuhedi ùx dkx celexoh xk xfo akcckyedi= xfo zf~enbc bzzobpbdno ka xfo yo`~exo &nkckp~#

akdx~# kpibde}bxekd%7 xfo heaaopodx ~onxekd~ edncuhoh kd xfo yo`~exo &nbcc~ akp hkdbxekd~#

fky xk iox edqkcqoh# fe~xkp ka xfo kpibde}bxekd oxn$%7 xfo xzo~ ka zfkxk~# ipbzfen~# kp

eccu~xpbxekd~ u~oh &zfkxk~ ka b`kpxoh `bèo~# eccu~xpbxekd~ ka lohenbc zpknohupo~ oxn$%7 xfo

xzo ka cbdiubio u~oh &poceieku~ pfoxkpen# ipbllbp# ~odxodno ~xco%7 xfo xzo~ ka

rukxbxekd~ edncuhoh &~npezxupbc zb~~bio~# zkcexenbc ~zoonfo~ oxn$%7 xfo ipkuz~) le~~ekd

~xbxolodx~ &kp cbng xfopoka%7 xfo fe~xkp ka xfo ipkuz &yfod# yfopo bdh yf ex òibd%7

xfo po~zkd~o~ xk Hp$ Xeccop)~ hobxf7 xfo gedh ka elbiop nkdmupoh ed zenxupo~ kp ykph~ &e$o$

nklzbpedi b`kpxekd xk xfo Fkcknbu~x# u~edi npuneaevekd elbiop# zbxpekxen elbiop%7 fky

xfo ipkuz apblo~ ex~ bnxekd &~bqedi# zpkxonxedi# hoaodhedi xfo ceao ka xfo ud`kpd%7 xfo

edncu~ekd ka kxfop edakplbxekd dkx ~zoneaenbcc poibphedi b`kpxekd &nkdxpbnozxekd# ib

peifx~# ouxfbdb~eb# èkoxfen~ oxn$%7 xfo b`~odno kp zpo~odno ka zpo~~ pocob~o~7 xfo b`~odno

kp zpo~odno ka edakplbxekd kd bcxopdbxeqo~ xk b`kpxekd &e$o$ bhkzxekd# zbpodxedi%7 bdh xfo

yb~ ed yfenf b`kpxekd zpkqehop~ bdh yklod yfk iox b`kpxekd~ bpo zkpxpboh &nbd xfo

ò ~bqoh# hk xfo ho~opqo akpieqodo~~%$

Baxop xbgedi dkxo~ kd l k`~opqbxekd~ ~ozbpbxoc akp obnf ipkuz# E yodx `bng kqop

bcc ka l dkxo~ xk ckkg akp xfolo~$ Aep~x E ckkgoh akp nkllkd xfolo~ òxyood xfo akup

lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ bdh nklzecoh b ce~x ka xfo~o xfolo~$ E ~oconxoh xfo xfolo~ xfbx yopo


16/36

^xoedo~ 21

lk~x zpoqbcodx blkdi xfo akup ipkuz~ ` zengedi xfk~o xfbx yopo akudh ed bx cob~x xfpoo

kux ka xfo akup ipkuz~$ Xfod E yodx `bng bdh nklzecoh b ce~x ka xfo xfolo~ xfbx E akudh akp

xfo Bpl ka Ikh$ Xfu~# E ~oconxoh yfenf xfolo~ xk edncuho ed xfo "Po~ucx~" ~onxekd akp

xfo Bpl ka Ikh heaaopodxc xfbd E heh akp xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~# ~elzc ònbu~o E

bdbc}oh kdc kdo ovxpole~x ipkuz bdh xfopoakpo hehd)x fbqo bd yb ka ~ooedi yfenf

xfolo~ yopo lk~x zpoqbcodx òxyood heaaopodx ipkuz~$ Xfopoakpo# akp xfo Bpl ka Ikh# E

fbh b ce~x ka xfolo~ akudh kd ex~ yo`~exo bdh akp xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ E u~oh xfo xfolo~

xfbx yopo akudh ed xfpoo kux ka xfo akup lbed~xpobl ipkuz~$ Aedbcc# E nklzbpoh bdh

nkdxpb~xoh xfo~o xyk ~ox~ ka xfolo~$ Xfo "Po~ucx~" ~onxekd ka xfe~ zbzop yecc he~nu~~ l

aedhedi~ apkl xfe~ nklzbpe~kd$

Ex e~ elzkpxbdx xk bhhpo~~ xfo celexbxekd~ ka xfe~ ~xuh ed xopl~ ka loxfkhkcki# ~k

xfopo bpo b aoy zkedx~ E ykuch cego xk lodxekd fopo$ Aep~x# bcxfkuif E yb~ b`co xk aedh

odkuif lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ xk bdbc}o ~k xfbx E nkuch lbgo ~klo celexoh iodopbce}bxekd~#

xfe~ yb~ dkx xfo nb~o akp xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz~$ @onbu~o E yb~ ykpgedi yexf bd ovxpoloc

celexoh ~blzco# ex e~ elzkpxbdx xk dkxo xfbx l po~ucx~ bpo dkx iodopbce}b`co# bdh zpkqeho

edakplbxekd kd kdc aeqo kux ka fudhpoh~ ka zpk,ceao ipkuz~$ E nfk~o xk celex l ~blzco ka

lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ ònbu~o E yb~ lkpo edxopo~xoh ed hozxf pbxfop xfbd `pobhxf$ Xfe~ yb~

xfo nb~o akp ovxpole~x ipkuz~ b~ yocc# ùx E yb~ celexoh xk bdbc}edi kdc kdo ònbu~o ka

yfbx yb~ bqbecb`co xk lo$

Celexbxekd~ ka xfo ~xuh bc~k edncuho u~edi edxopdox yo`~exo~ b~ ~kupno~$ Bcxfkuif

xfo~o ~exo~ zpkqehoh penf edakplbxekd xfbx E zpk`b`c ykuch dkx fbqo òod b`co xk aedh

oc~oyfopo &xfe~ e~ xfo lbed pob~kd E nfk~o xk u~o yo`~exo~ b~ l k`monx ka ~xuh%# ex e~

elzkpxbdx xk dkxo xfbx edxopdox ~exo~ bpo dkx bcyb~ xpu~xykpxf$ Xfe~ e~ yf E lbho b


17/36

^xoedo~ 29

nkd~neku~ oaakpx xk ~oconx yocc,o~xb`ce~foh# dbxekdbc ipkuz~ xfbx bpo pozpo~odxoh ed xfo

cexopbxupo7 fkyoqop# ex e~ elzk~~e`co xk gdky ea yfbx e~ pozpo~odxoh kd xfo edxopdox e~ xpuc

nkledi apkl b zbpxenucbp ipkuz# kp yfk e~ bnxubcc lkhopbxedi xfo yo`~exo~$ Xfu~# yfeco E

xfedg xfbx akp xfo zupzk~o~ ka xfe~ zbzop# yo`~exo~ yopo ovxpoloc foczauc# xfo nbd bc~k

ò zpk`colbxen ed xopl~ ka loxfkhkckienbc ~kudhdo~~$ Xfe~ yecc ò bhhpo~~oh aupxfop ed

xfo "Nkdncu~ekd" ~onxekd ka xfe~ zbzop$

PO^_CX^

Zopakpledi b nkdxodx bdbc~e~ ka 8: Hb~ akp Ceao# Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao# xfo

Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo# bdh xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo~ yo`~exo~ po~ucxoh ed

~ev kqopbpnfedi xfolo~ xfbx yecc ò he~nu~~oh ed xfe~ ~onxekd$ Xfolo~ yopo ucxelbxoc

~oconxoh kd xfo `b~e~ ka yfoxfop xfo bzzobpoh ed bx cob~x xfpoo kux ka xfo akup lbed~xpobl

yo`~exo~ bdbc}oh$ E yecc xfod he~nu~~ xfo xfolo~ akudh kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo

bdh zpkqeho b nklzbpe~kd òxyood xfo xyk xzo~ ka ipkuz~$ Fkyoqop# E ykuch cego xk

zpkqeho pobhop~ yexf b yehop ~od~o ka xfo~o yo`~exo~# ~k E yecc `peoac ce~x bcc ka xfo xfolo~

E xkkg dkxo ka ed l zpoceledbp po~obpnf# bdh yecc xfod zpkqeho bd ed,hozxf bdbc~e~ ka

xfo lk~x zpoqbcodx xfolo~# yfenf E ehodxeaeoh u~edi xfo b`kqo npexopeb &ea xfo bzzobpoh ed

xfpoo kux ka xfo akup yo`~exo~%# bdh bd ovzcbdbxekd ka fky xfo nklzbpo bdh nkdxpb~x xk

xfo xfolo~ akudh kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo$ Aedbcc# bcxfkuif xfo "Po~ucx~" ~onxekd

ka xfe~ zbzop zpo~odx~ bd bdbc~e~ ka ehodxeaeoh xfolo~ ed zpk~o akpl# ex bc~k edncuho~ b

zpo~odxbxekd ka xfo xfolo~ ed nfbpx akpl# akp xfo zupzk~o~ ka ncbpex bdh nklzbpe~kd

òxyood xfo lbed~xpobl bdh ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~$

Iodopbc Xfolo~= Ovxpole~x bdh Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~


18/36

^xoedo~ 26

Dkxekd~ ka udex kp xkioxfopdo~~ ed xfo aeifx xk odh b`kpxekd yopo bzzbpodx kd

Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao bdh 8: Hb~ akp Ceao)~ yo`~exo~$ Xfo fkzo xk lkqo apkl b

nucxupo ka hobxf xk b nucxupo ka ceao bdh xfo dkxekd xfbx Ikh e~ akpieqedi yopo `kxf nodxpbc

xk 8: Hb~ akp Ceao)~ le~~ekd$ Qeoy~ kd nkdxpbnozxekd bpo edncuhoh kd xfo Zpk,ceao Bnxekd

Cobiuo)~ yo`~exo# yfenf bpiuo~ xfbx nkdxpbnozxekd e~ ~elzc bdkxfop akpl ka b`kpxekd7 xfo

Bpl ka Ikh xbgo~ b ~elecbp ~xbdno$ 8: Hb~ akp Ceao)~ yo`~exo fb~ dk lodxekd ka

nkdxpbnozxekd# bdh xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo ovzcenexc ~xbxo~ xfbx ex hko~ dkx

xbgo b ~xbdno kd nkdxpbnozxekd$ Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao ~xbxo~ xfbx nkdxpbnozxekd

zpkqeho~ kuxf yexf xfo abc~o dkxekd xfbx xfo nbd odibio ed ~ov yexfkux nkd~oruodno~

&0::5%$ @kxf Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao bdh xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo uxece}o

b ipobx hobc ka "Blopenbd" elbiop# ~unf b~ acbi~# elbio~ ka Nbzexkc Fecc# bdh poh# yfexo

bdh `cuo nkckp ~nfolo~$ Xfe~ lb ò huo# ed zbpx# xk xfo abnx xfbx `kxf ka xfo~o

kpibde}bxekd~ bpo lkpo zkcexenbcc edqkcqoh xfbd xfo kxfop~ bdh poaconx~ xfbx b cbpio zbpx ka

xfoep ykpg e~ ed zkcen$ Bcc akup lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ b~g akp hkdbxekd~ bdh bcc aeqo ipkuz~

bdbc}oh zpkqeho cedg~ xk zupnfb~o lbxopebc kd xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx &`kkg~# HQH~ oxn$%

kd xfoep yo`~exo~$ @kxf xfo Bpl ka Ikh bdh 8: Hb~ akp Ceao nbcc kd xfo dkxekd xfbx ex e~

xfo yecc ka Ikh xk odh b`kpxekd# bcxfkuif xfo Bpl ka Ikh ~xpo~~o~ xfo dkxekd ka òedi b

"~kcheop ed Ikh)~ bpl"# yfopob~ 8: Hb~ akp Ceao hko~ dkx$ Aedbcc# bdh xfe~ lb ~ool

k`qeku~# ùx mu~x xk poexopbxo= bcc akup lbed~xpobl kpibde}bxekd~ udorueqknbcc nkdhold

xfo u~o ka qekcodno# yfopob~ xfo Bpl ka Ikh olzck~ bdh odnkupbio~ ex$ ôo Nfbpx 2

òcky akp b nklzpofod~eqo qe~ubc nklzbpe~kd ka bcc xfo xfolo~ mu~x lodxekdoh# ed

bhhexekd xk ~klo co~~ ~eideaenbdx xfolo~ E ehodxeaeoh$


19/36

^xoedo~ 25

Nfbpx 2$ Bcc Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd Lbed~xpobl bdh Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~ Yo`~exo~

Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz Xfolo~ Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz Xfolo~

B`kpxekd hknxkp~ geccop~ bpo Blopenbdfopko~

Aknu~ kd udex bdh xkioxfopdo~~

_xecexbpebd bpiulodx akp b`kpxekd nceden

qekcodno

@ekipbzfeo~ bdh zfkxk~ ka lolòp~

_~o ka nklzuxop ipbzfen~ Zfkxk~ ka zbpodx~# `bèo~ bdh ableceo~

Fklkzfkèn cbdiubio Nbcc xk lkqo apkl b nucxupo ka hobxf xk b

nucxupo ka ceao

_~o ka poceieku~ cbdiubio B`kpxekd poaoppoh xk b~ b fkcknbu~x

_~o ka ~zepexubc rukxbxekd~ B`kpxekd nceden~ poaoppoh xk b~ lecc~ kp

b`kpxubpeo~

Bibed~x u~o ka nkdxpbnozxeqo~ Zfkxk~ ka xfo ipkuz~ ed bnxekd

Ovno~~eqo dulòp ka ipbzfen zfkxk~ ka

b`kpxoh aoxu~o~ kp zbpx~ ka b`kpxoh aoxu~o~

Xfo elzkpxbdno ka akpieqodo~~

Dk ~od~o ka ehodxex kp buxfkp~fez ka xfo

yo`~exo kp xfo kpibde}bxekd

Zfkxk~ ka xfo npuneaevekd

Ikp cbdiubio bdh zfkxk~ Hbxoh doy~ cedg~ bdh zpo~~ pocob~o~

Dkxekd xfbx yo dooh xk ~bqo xfo ceqo~ ka

ud`kpd nfechpod

Dkxekd xfbx b`kpxekd fupx~ yklod

Poaopodno xk b`kpxekd nceden~ b~ lecc~ kp

"b`kpxubpeo~"

Zbxpekxen elbiop

B`kpxekd poaoppoh xk b~ b fkcknbu~x Bibed~x u~o ka nkdxpbnozxeqo~

Zfkxk~ ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~ geccop~ Zupzkpx~ xk zpkqeho xfo abnx~

Aknu~ kd xfo ud`kpd nfech &cbng ka aknu~ kd

lkxfop%

Dkxekd xfbx yo dooh xk zpkxonx# ~bqo bdh

hoaodh eddknodx ceao

Qekcodx cbdiubio u~oh xk ho~npeò b`kpxekd Nbcc akp hkdbxekd~

Ehob xfbx odhedi b`kpxekd e~ Ikh)~ yecc Dk ipbzfen zfkxk~Qekcodno e~ bd bnnozxb`co lobd~ xk odhb`kpxekd

_~o ka ~zepexubc rukxbxekd~

Cedg~ xk zupnfb~o zpk,ceao lopnfbdhe~o Ncobp lo~~bio# le~~ekd ~xbxolodx

Zbxpekxen elbiop Lopnfbdhe~o bqbecb`co akp zupnfb~o

_~o ka poceieku~ cbdiubio

Ehob xfbx odhedi b`kpxekd e~ Ikh)~ yecc

Qekcodno e~ bd udbnnozxb`co lobd~ xk odh

b`kpxekd

Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~ Xfolo~

Xfo lk~x nkllkd xfolo# yfenf yb~ akudh kd bcc akup lbed~xpobl yo`~exo~# yb~

b ncobp le~~ekd ~xbxolodx# zfeck~kzf bdh lo~~bio akp qeoyop~ xk bnno~~$ êlecbpc# 8:

Hb~ akp Ceao# Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao# bdh xfo Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo edncuhoh


20/36

^xoedo~ 0:

èkipbzfeo~ bdh zenxupo~ akp bcc ka xfoep `kbph lolòp~ bdh ipkuz cobhop~$ Xfo zenxupo~

bpo bcc ~lecedi fobh~fkx~ bdh xfo èkipbzfeo~ edncuho ohunbxekdbc bdh ablec edakplbxekd#

b~ yocc b~ fky obnf lolòp nblo xk ò edqkcqoh ed xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx$ Xfopo e~

nkdxbnx edakplbxekd akp obnf edheqehubc# b~ yocc b~ nkdxbnx edakplbxekd akp obnf ipkuz b~

b yfkco$ êlecbpc# xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo fbh nkdxbnx edakplbxekd# `kxf

akp xfo ipkuz b~ b yfkco bdh ` ~xbxo# ùx heh dkx edncuho dblo~ kp zfkxk~ ka edheqehubc

ipkuz cobhop~$ Bcc akup kpibde}bxekd~ bc~k edncuhoh zpo~~ pocob~o~ xk xfo loheb kd xfoep

yo`~exo~# b~ yocc b~ cedg~ xk pocoqbdx doy~zbzop bpxenco~$

Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao# xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo# bdh xfo Zpk,

Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo bc~k bcc lbho xfo bpiulodx xfbx b`kpxekd "fupx~" kp "odhbdiop~"

yklod$ 8: Hb~ akp Ceao# Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao# bdh xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao

Nkllexxoo edncuhoh zfkxk~ ka fobcxf `bèo~# yexf bdh yexfkux xfoep lkxfop~# kd xfoep

yo`~exo~$ Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao# xfo Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo# bdh xfo Zpk,

Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo obnf u~oh cbdiubio yfenf apbloh xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx b~

"hoaodhedi#" "~bqedi#" kp "zpkxonxedi" ceao$ Xfo~o nkllkd xfolo~ ehodxeaeoh kd xfo

lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~) yo`~exo~ bpo ~ullbpe}oh òcky ed Nfbpx 0$

Nfbpx 0$ Nkllkd Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~ Yo`~exo~

Nkllkd Xfolo~ kd Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~) Yo`~exo~

Ncobp lo~~bio# zfeck~kzf bdh le~~ekd ~xbxolodx

@ekipbzfeo~# nkdxbnx edakplbxekd bdh zfkxk~ ka lolòp~

Zfkxkipbzf~ ka fobcxf `bèo~ bdh ka ableceo~

B`kpxekd fupx~ yklod

Yo dooh xk zpkxonx# ~bqo bdh hoaodh eddknodx ceaoHbxoh zpo~~ pocob~o~ bdh loheb nkqopbio

Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz Xfolo~


21/36

^xoedo~ 02

Xfo lk~x ~eideaenbdx xfolo~ xfbx E ehodxeaeoh kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo yopo

b~ akccky~= geccop~ ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~ bpo zkpxpboh b~ fopko~7 u~o ka poceieku~ cbdiubio

&e$o$ ~ed# focc# nkdholdbxekd# oqec%7 u~o ka qekcodx cbdiubio &e$o$ "ùpd ed focc%7

ipbzfen zfkxk~ ka b`kpxoh `bèo~7 ~lecedi zfkxk~ ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~) geccop~7 u~o ka

~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ yfenf bpo u~oh xk mu~xea qekcodno &e$o$ Z~bcl 2>5=25# "ûpoc xfkuif

yecx ~cb xfo yengoh$$$"%7 u~o ka lkqedi ipbzfen~# ~unf b~ hpezzedi `ckkh kp ùpdedi

acblo~7 poaopodno~ xk nceden~ b~ "b`kpxekd lecc~"7 poaopodno~ xk b`kpxekd b~ b gedh ka

fkcknbu~x bdh b`kpxekd hknxkp~ b~ Db}e~7 cbng ka nkdxbnx edakplbxekd kp ipkuz ehodxex7

uxecexbpebd bpiulodx~ akp b`kpxekd &e$o$ dky xfbx kdo b`kpxekd hknxkp e~ hobh# xfku~bdh~ ka

ceqo~ yecc ò ~bqoh%7 nkdholdbxekd ka nkdxpbnozxekd ònbu~o ex e~ qeoyoh b~ bdkxfop gedh

ka b`kpxekd7 bdh xfo nbcc xk ~bqo xfo ceqo~ ka ud`kpd nfechpod &Bpl ka Ikh d$h$%$ ôo

Nfbpx > òcky akp b ~ullbp ka xfo~o xfolo~$

Nfbpx >$ êideaenbdx Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz)~ Yo`~exo

Xfolo~ kd Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz)~ Yo`~exo

B`kpxekd hknxkp~ geccop~ bpo Blopenbd fopko~

_xecexbpebd bpiulodx akp b`kpxekd nceden qekcodnoZbpbccoc~ hpbyd òxyood b`kpxekd zpbnxeno~ bdh xfo Fkcknbu~x

Poaopodno xk b`kpxekd nceden~ b~ "lecc~" kp "b`kpxubpeo~"

_xece}bxekd ka ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ bdh poceieku~ cbdiubio

_~o ka qekcodx ipbzfen~

Cbng ka nkdxbnx edakplbxekd

Dkxekd xfbx yo dooh xk ~bqo xfo ceqo~ ka ud`kpd nfechpod

Ovno~~eqo zfkxk~ ka b`kpxoh aoxu~o~

Yfod E nklzecoh b ce~x ka xfolo~ zpoqbcodx ed bx cob~x xfpoo kux ka xfo akup

lbed~xpobl yo`~exo~# E akudh zbpbccoc~ xk xfo~o xfolo~ kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo#

`kxf ed xopl~ ka ~elecbpexeo~ bdh heaaopodno~# yfenf bpo he~nu~~oh òcky$

êlecbp Xfolo~ òxyood Ovxpole~x bdh Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~


22/36

^xoedo~ 00

Aep~x# E yecc kuxcedo yfbx E nkd~ehopoh xfo ~elecbp xfolo~ òxyood xfo lbed~xpobl

bdh ovxpole~x yo`~exo~ bdh xfod yecc bdbc}o xfo heaaopodno~$ @kxf lbed~xpobl bdh

ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~ edncuhoh edakplbxekd kd bcxopdbxeqo~ xk b`kpxekd# ~unf b~

bhkzxekd kp ònkledi b zbpodx$ Xfo ehob xfbx yo dooh xk ~xbdh uz akp ceao# kp zpkxonx#

hoaodh# kp ~bqo eddknodx ceao yb~ bc~k zpoqbcodx kd bcc aeqo yo`~exo~$ @kxf xfo Zpk,Ceao

Bnxekd Cobiuo bdh xfo Bpl ka Ikh lbho zbpbccoc~ òxyood b`kpxekd bdh xfo Fkcknbu~x#

bdh poaoppoh xk b`kpxekd nceden~ b~ "b`kpxekd lecc~#" kp "b`kpxubpeo~$" Xfu~# xfe~ dkxekd ka

yfbx 8: Hb~ akp Ceao poaop~ xk b~ b "nucxupo ka hobxf" e~ lbideaeoh kd lbd ka xfo~o

yo`~exo~# bdh b`kpxekd ~opqeno~ bpo zkpxpboh cego hobxf nblz~# "geccedi" zokzco ed lb~~o~

&8: Hb~ akp Ceao 0::5%$ @kxf xfo Bpl ka Ikh bdh 8: Hb~ akp Ceao uxece}oh ~npezxupbc

rukxbxekd~# bcxfkuif xfo aporuodn yb~ lunf ipobxop akp xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo$ ôo

Nfbpx 8 òcky akp b ~ullbp ka xfo~o xfolo~$

Nfbpx 8$ Nkllkd Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd @kxf Lbed~xpobl bdh Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao

Ipkuz~ Yo`~exo~

Xfolo~ kd @kxf Lbed~xpobl bdh Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~) Yo`~exo~

Edakplbxekd zpkqehoh poibphedi bcxopdbxeqo~ xk b`kpxekdXfo dkxekd xfbx yo dooh xk ~xbdh uz bdh zpkxonx xfo eddknodx ceqo~ ka nfechpod

Zbpbccoc~ hpbyd òxyood b`kpxekd zpbnxeno~ bdh xfo Fkcknbu~x

Poaopodno xk b`kpxekd nceden~ b~ "lecc~" kp "b`kpxubpeo~"

_xece}bxekd ka ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ bdh poceieku~ cbdiubio

Blopenbd elbiop

Kzzk~edi Xfolo~ òxyood Ovxpole~x bdh Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~

Dk zfkxkipbzf~# èkipbzfeo~ kp oqod dblo~ ka lolòp~ bpo edncuhoh kd xfo

Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo$ Yfeco xfopo bpo cedg~ xk dkxkpeku~ bdxe,b`kpxekd bnxeqe~x~) &bcc ka

yfkl fbqo olzckoh qekcodno b~ xfoep lbed xbnxen% zop~kdbc yo`~exo~ yexfed xfo Bpl ka

Ikh)~ yo`~exo# xfopo e~ dk ovzcenex ponkidexekd ka xfo~o edheqehubc~ b~ lolòp~ ka xfo

Bpl ka Ikh$ Bc~k# bd olbec bhhpo~~ bdh zfkdo dulòp bpo zpkqehoh kd xfo Bpl ka


23/36

^xoedo~ 0>

Ikh)~ yo`~exo# b~ yocc b~ xfo bhhpo~~ ka b poqopodh yfk ku nbd ~odh ~dbec lbec xk# ùx

òkdh xfe~ xfo yo`~exo e~ nklzcoxoc bdkdlku~$ Xfo Bpl ka Ikh bc~k zk~x~ dk

le~~ekd ~xbxolodx# zfeck~kzf kp bel ka xfo kpibde}bxekd kd ex~ yo`~exo$ Yfeco ex e~

oqehodx xfbx xfo Bpl ka Ikh poqopo~ xfk~o yfk luphop b`kpxekd hknxkp~# xfo yo`~exo

hko~ dkx oqod ovzcenexc ~xbxo geccedi b`kpxekd zpkqehop~ b~ kdo ka xfo ipkuz)~ ikbc~$ Xfo

Bpl ka Ikh edncuho~ dk cedg~ xk doy~zbzop bpxenco~# kp xk bd zpo~~ pocob~o~ ~odx kux xk

xfo loheb$ Zpo~ulb`c xfe~ e~ ònbu~o xfo fbqo dkx ypexxod bd# ùx xfe~ e~ dkx odxepoc

ncobp$ Xfe~ nkdxpb~x~ xk xfo qop zpkledodx zk~exekd xfbx bcc akup lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

ipkuz~ fkch ed xfo loheb$ Xfu~# E ehodxeaeoh b cbng ka buxfkp~fez kp ehodxex b~ b xfolo kd

xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo$ Xfe~ heponxc nkdxpb~x~ xk xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~)

lucxexuho ka ~lecedi zfkxkipbzf~ bdh zbio~ ka èkipbzfenbc edakplbxekd kd go lolòp~

ka xfo kpibde}bxekd~# b~ yocc b~ xk xfoep ncobpc hoaedoh zfeck~kzfeo~ bdh le~~ekd

~xbxolodx~$

Yfeco xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao ipkuz~ edncuho lbd zfkxkipbzf~ ka òbuxeauc#

~lecedi `bèo~ bdh lkxfop~ fkchedi xfoep `bèo~# xfo Bpl ka Ikh fb~ dk zfkxkipbzf~ ka

`bèo~ kp ka lkxfop~$ Ed~xobh# uzkd odxopedi xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ fklozbio# kdo e~

`kl`bphoh yexf ovxpoloc ipbzfen zfkxk~ ka b`kpxoh aoxu~o~ bdh `kh zbpx~ ka b`kpxoh

aoxu~o~# ~unf b~ b fobh kp b fbdh$ Xfo Bpl ka Ikh hko~ edncuho ~lecedi zfkxkipbzf~ kd

ex~ yo`~exo# ùx kdc ka edheqehubc~ yfk fbqo geccoh b`kpxekd hknxkp~# ~unf b~ ^nkxx

Pkohop &geccop ka Hp$ Iokpio Xeccop ed 0::5% bdh Zbuc Fecc &geccop ka Hp$ Mkfd @pexxkd ed

2558%$

Yfeco xfo Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo# Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao# bdh xfo Dbxekdbc

Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo obnf bpiuo~ xfbx b`kpxekd fupx~ yklod bdh odhbdiop~ xfol# xfo


24/36

^xoedo~ 08

Bpl ka Ikh lbgo~ dk lodxekd yfbx~koqop ka xfo ovzonxbdx lkxfop$ Ed~xobh# ex aknu~o~

~kcoc kd xfo aoxu~ bdh xfo geccedi ka "eddknodx nfechpod" &Bpl ka Ikh d$h$%$ ôo Nfbpx~

? bdh 1 òcky akp b ~ullbp ka xfo~o k`~opqbxekd~ bdh xfoep elzcenbxekd~$

Nfbpx ?$ Bdbc~e~ ka Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~) Yo`~exo~

Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz K`~opqbxekd~ Yfbx Hk Xfo~o K`~opqbxekd~ Edhenbxo;

Nkdxbnx edakplbxekd# èkipbzfenbcedakplbxekd# zfkxkipbzf~# ncobp le~~ekd

~xbxolodx# zpo~~ pocob~o~

Ncobp ~od~o ka buxfkp~fez bdh ipkuzehodxex

Zfkxkipbzf~ ka fobcxf# ~lecedi `bèo~ `kxf

yexf bdh yexfkux zbpodx~

Olzfb~e~ kd fbzzedo~~# ablec# udex# bdh

ceao

B`kpxekd fupx~ bdh odhbdiop~ yklod Aknu~ dkx kdc kd xfo zkxodxebc ceao# ùx kd

xfo ceao bdh yocabpo ka xfo lkxfop

Nfbpx 1$ Bdbc~e~ ka Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz~ Yo`~exo

Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz K`~opqbxekd~ Yfbx Hk Xfo~o K`~opqbxekd~ Edhenbxo;

Qop cexxco nkdxbnx edakplbxekd# dk

èkipbzfenbc edakplbxekd kp zfkxkipbzf~#

dk le~~ekd ~xbxolodx kp zpo~~ pocob~o~

Dk ~od~o ka buxfkp~fez kp ipkuz ehodxex

Ikp zfkxkipbzf~ ka b`kpxoh aoxu~o~ bdh

`kh zbpx~ ka b`kpxoh aoxu~o~# dk

zfkxkipbzf~ ovnozx ka geccop~ ka b`kpxekd

hknxkp~

Olzfb~e~ kd qekcodno# `ckkh# ho~xpunxekd#

bdh hobxf

B`kpxekd gecc~ eddknodx `bèo~ Aknu~ ~kcoc kd xfo zkxodxebc ceao

HE^N_^ÊKD

Bcxfkuif xfopo yopo lbd ~elecbpexeo~ blkdi bdh òxyood lbed~xpobl bdh

ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~# xfopo yopo bc~k ~oqopbc ncobp nux heaaopodno~$ Xfo lk~x ~bceodx

heaaopodno~ nbd ò ~ullbpe}oh b~ akccky~= lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ aknu~ dkx kdc kd xfo ceao

ka xfo ud`kpd nfech# ùx bc~k kd xfo ceao ka xfo lkxfop# yfeco xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz aknu~o~

~kcoc kd xfo ceao ka xfo ud`kpd nfech7 lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ fbqo b ~xpkdi ~od~o ka ehodxex


25/36

^xoedo~ 0?

bdh zupzk~o bdh he~zcb xfe~ zpkuhc# yfeco xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz fb~ b cbng ka ehodxex bdh

dk ncobp le~~ekd ~xbxolodx7 xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ aknu~ kd ceao bdh xfo òbux xfbx

nfechpod bdh ablec `pedi xk xfo ykpch# yfeco xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz aknu~o~ kdc kd xfo

`ckkh# ikp b~zonx~ ka b`kpxekd7 yfeco xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ fkdkp lkxfop~ bdh

nfechpod# xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz fkdkp~ xfo geccop~ ka b`kpxekd hknxkp~$ Bcxfkuif xfo

lbed~xpobl bdh ovxpole~x ipkuz~) qb~xc heaaopodx zpo~odxbxekd~ ka ~oca bpo qop

edxopo~xedi# ex ~ool~ xfbx xfo lk~x ~eideaenbdx heaaopodno# ed poibph~ xk l po~obpnf

ruo~xekd# e~ xfbx yfeco lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ aknu~ kd fbzzedo~~# ablec# udex# bdh ceao ed

xopl~ ka `kxf zkxodxebc ceao bdh xfo ceao bdh yocabpo ka xfo lkxfop# ovxpole~x ipkuz~ aknu~

kd qekcodno# `ckkh# ho~xpunxekd# bdh hobxf# bdh olzfb~e}o kdc xfo zkxodxebc ceao ka xfo

aoxu~# lbgedi dk lodxekd ka xfo lkxfop$ ôo Nfbpx 9 akp b nklzbpe~kd ka xfo~o xfolo~$

Nfbpx 9$ Nklzbpe~kd ka Bdbc~o~ ka Xfolo~ Ehodxeaeoh kd Ovxpole~x bdh Lbed~xpoblZpk,Ceao Ipkuz~ Yo`~exo~

Ovxpole~x Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz Xfolo~ Lbed~xpobl Zpk,Ceao Ipkuz Xfolo~

Dk ~od~o ka buxfkp~fez kp ipkuz ehodxex Ncobp ~od~o ka buxfkp~fez bdh ipkuz

ehodxex

Olzfb~e~ kd qekcodno# `ckkh# ho~xpunxekd#bdh hobxf Olzfb~e~ kd fbzzedo~~# ablec# udex# bdhceao

Aknu~ ~kcoc kd xfo zkxodxebc ceao Aknu~ dkx kdc kd xfo zkxodxebc ceao# ùx kd

xfo ceao bdh yocabpo ka xfo lkxfop

Yfbx hk xfo~o heaaopodno~ xocc u~ b`kux ovxpole~x bdh lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

kpibde}bxekd~; Nbd yo u~o xfo~o po~ucx~ xk hoxopledo yfbx ~ox~ xfo xyk ipkuz~ bzbpx#

nbu~edi xfo ovxpole~x~ xk u~o qekcodno bdh xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceaop~ xk nkdhold xfo u~o

ka qekcodno; Yfeco xfe~ po~obpnf hko~d)x zpkqeho u~ yexf b ncobp nux bd~yop xk xfe~

ruo~xekd# ex hko~ kaaop ncuo~ b~ xk yf ~klo ipkuz~ xupd xk qekcodno bdh kxfop~ hkd)x$ Aep~x

bdh akpolk~x# xfo aknu~ kd xfo elzkpxbdno ka ablec bdh xfo ~bdnxex ka fulbd ceao xfbx e~


26/36

^xoedo~ 01

zpo~odx kd xfo lbed~xpobl yo`~exo~ edhenbxo~ xfbx xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ ybdx xk

lbedxbed xfo ablec bdh xfo ~bdnxex ka fulbd ceao# bdh xfbx geccedi kabd gedh e~ heponxc

nkdxpbp xk xfe~ odh$ Kd xfo kxfop fbdh# xfo Bpl ka Ikh aknu~o~ kd xfo bnx ka b`kpxekd

ex~oca7 `ckkh# ikpo# oqec# ~ed# bdh luphop bpo nodxpbc xk ex~ bpiulodx xfbx b`kpxekd lu~x ò

~xkzzoh bx bcc nk~x~# poibphco~~ ka xfo lobd~# b~ Colopx ovzcbed~ ka lkpbc npu~bhop~#

"ûnf zokzco bpo udnkdnopdoh yexf lobd~ xk odh~ &2590=25%$ Bclk~x cego xfo yb

lod bpo ednexoh xk `bxxco ed b ybp ` òedi edakploh ka xfo bxpknexeo~ nkllexxoh ` xfo

kzzk~edi ~eho# xfo Bpl ka Ikh ednexo~ qekcodx bnx~ ` aknu~edi bxxodxekd kd xfo ~eng bdh

qekcodx `b` geccop~$

Xfo dkxekd ka xfo "hknxpedo ka dono~~ex" bdh xfo uxecexbpebd bpiulodx zpo~odxoh ed

xfo cexopbxupo# bdh ovolzceaeoh ` xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo# bpo `kxf nodxpbc xk xfo

ipkuz)~ u~o ka qekcodno bdh xk ex~ zpo~odxbxekd ka ipbzfen# he~xupèdi zfkxk~ bdh `bxxco

elbiop bdh cbdiubio$ Kdo nkuch bpiuo xfbx ovxpole~x ipkuz~ cego xfo Bpl ka Ikh ~oo

xfo ykpch xfpkuif xfo oo~ ka b lkpbc npu~bhop# kzopbxedi yexf bd b`~kcuxo oxfen bdh

qeoyedi xfo ykpch ed qop `cbng bdh yfexo xopl~$ Yexf xfe~ ykpchqeoy# b`kpxekd e~

udorueqknbcc ypkdi bdh ellkpbc7 b~ @ongop ovzcbed~ ka xfo lkpbc odxpozpodoup#

Xfo ove~xedi puco~ hk dkx ~bxe~a fel ònbu~o xfopo e~ ~klo oqec yfenf zpkakudhche~xup`~ fel$ Fo aooc~ xfbx dkxfedi nbd ò peifx ed xfo ykpch udxec puco~ bpo lbho

xk nkpponx ex$ Fo kzopbxo~ yexf bd b`~kcuxo oxfen7 yfbx fo ~oo~ e~ xpuc bdh xkxbcc

oqec yexf dk rubceaenbxekd$ Bd lobd~ e~ mu~xeaeoh xk hk byb yexf ex$ &251>= 289,

286%

Xfu~# @ongop)~ lkpbc odxpozpodoup yecc hk bdxfedi ed fe~ zkyop xk ~xkz xfo "oqec xfbx

he~xup`~ fel$" Ed xfe~ nb~o# xfo ovxpole~x~ òceoqo xfbx geccedi b`kpxekd hknxkp~ yecc

bnfeoqo xfe~ odh7 xfo nkd~ehop xfol~ocqo~ mu~xeaeoh ed xfoep bnxekd~ ònbu~o xfo bpo

xpedi xk ~xkz oqec bdh po~xkpo Ikh)~ zpkxonxekd kqop fulbdex$


27/36

^xoedo~ 09

Bcxfkuif bcc ka xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ nkdhold b`kpxekd# lbd nbccedi ex oqec kp b

~ed# ed dk yb hk xfo b~~opx xfbx qekcodno e~ mu~xeaeoh xk ~xkz ex$ Ed b ~od~o# xfo

lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ apblo b`kpxekd b~ b xpbioh# yfopob~ xfo Bpl ka Ikh apblo~

b`kpxekd b~ bd bxpknex$ Xfu~# oqod xfkuif `kxf xzo~ ka ipkuz~ qeoy b`kpxekd b~ luphop#

xfo nkd~xpunx b`kpxekd ed qop heaaopodx yb~$ @cbng)~ dkxekd ka "~oca,focz" xeo~ edxk xfe~

bdbc~e~7 ovxpole~x ipkuz~ cego xfo Bpl ka Ikh b~~opx# dkx kdc xfbx luphop e~ mu~xeaeb`co#

ùx ex e~ dono~~bp ed kphop xk nkdxpkc yfbx xfo zopnoeqo b~ hoqebdx òfbqekp$ Ed xfo nb~o

ka ~oca,focz# xfo odh~ mu~xea xfo lobd~ bdh bnxekd~ xfbx bpo cbòcoh npeledbc ed kup

lkhopd ~kneox &e$o$ luphop# b~~bucx oxn$% bpo qeoyoh b~ bnnozxb`co ed kphop xk zkceno

udbnnozxb`co òfbqekp# yfenf ed xfe~ nb~o e~ b`kpxekd$ Xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ fkzo xfbx

yfbx xfo bpo hkedi yecc oqodxubcc po~xkpo xfo ~bdnxex ka ceao bdh xfo elzkpxbdno ka xfo

ablec$ Xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz~ fkzo xfbx xfo xkk yecc `pedi bd odh xk b`kpxekd# ùx xfo

~ool xk ò lunf lkpo aknu~oh kd xfo lobd~ xk bnfeoqedi xfe~ odh# pbxfop xfbd xfo odh

ex~oca$ Yfbx E lobd ` xfe~ e~ xfbx xfo Bpl ka Ikh ~ool~ xk ò bclk~x k`~o~~oh yexf

geccedi xfo geccop~ bdh yexf ovzk~edi xfo ikp zfkxk~ ka b`kpxoh `bèo~$ Aupxfoplkpo# xfo

dkxekd ka òedi b ~kcheop ed Ikh)~ bpl apblo~ xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ b~ b ybp# yfenf

bibed aknu~o~ kd qekcodno bdh geccedi# pbxfop xfbd po~kcqedi b fobpx,ypodnfedi e~~uo$ Ed

xfe~ ~od~o# ex e~ xfo ovxpole~x ipkuz ex~oca yfk e~ zopzoxubxedi xfe~ "nucxupo ka hobxf#"

pbxfop xfbd aknu~edi kd po~xkpedi xfo elzkpxbdno ka ceao$

Xfo yb ed yfenf ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~ apblo xfo b`kpxekd nkdxpkqop~ b~ b

`bxxco òxyood ikkh bdh oqec pocbxo~ `bng xk Fudxop)~ nucxupo ybp lkhoc bdh xk Colopx

bdh @ongop)~ xfokpoxenbc ykpg kd lkpbc npu~bho bdh xfo lkpbc odxpozpodoup$ @ongop

ovzcbed~# Ex e~ bzzpkzpebxo xk xfedg ka poakplop~ b~ npu~bhop~ ònbu~o xfo xzenbcc


28/36

^xoedo~ 06

òceoqo xfbx xfoep le~~ekd e~ b fkc kdo &251>= 286%$ Fudxop bpiuo~ xfbx xfo nucxupo ybp

e~ kqop lunf lkpo xfbd b zbpxenucbp zkcexenbc e~~uo# ~unf b~ b`kpxekd7 ed~xobh ex e~ b `bxxco

kqop xfo qbcuo~ xfbx zpkqeho b ~kupno ka zupzk~o# ehodxex# bdh xkioxfopdo~~ akp xfk~o yfk

~u`~npeò xk xfol &2552%$ Xfu~# akp xfo ovxpole~x zpk,ceaop~ b`kpxekd e~ dkx ~elzc b`kux

bd e~~uo xfbx xfo he~bipoo yexf7 ex ~fbzo~ xfoep qeoy ka xfo ykpch bdh xfoep òceoa~ b`kux

peifx bdh ypkdi$ E ykuch b~~opx xfbx xfe~ e~ bc~k xfo nb~o akp lbed~xpobl zpk,ceaop~# ùx xfbx

b nodxpbc qbcuo xk xfo lbed~xpobl ipkuz~ xfbx e~ ypbzzoh uz ed xfe~ nucxupo ybp e~ xfo

~bdnxex kabcc fulbd ceao# bdh akpieqodo~~ oqod akp xfk~o yfk nkllex ypkdihkedi &e$o$

b`kpxekd hknxkp~%$ Xfu~# dkxekd~ ka zobno# udex# bdh ckqo bpo edxopxyedoh yexf xfo

lbed~xpobl ipkuz~) òceoa~ b`kux xfo ~bdnxex ka ceao# bdh xfopoakpo yexfed xfo nucxupo ybp#

qekcodno e~ dkx nkd~ehopoh b qeb`co kzxekd xk ~xkz b`kpxekd$ Fkyoqop# akp xfo ovxpole~x~#

xfo nucxupo ybp e~ kqop xfo oqec ka b`kpxekd bdh xfo ~od~o ka ehodxex bdh zupzk~o xfbx xfo

ovxpole~x~ ibed apkl xfe~ òceoa$ Xfu~# ed xfo ovxpole~x~) qeoy# qekcodno e~ dono~~bp xk

~xkz b`kpxekd# bdh e~ nodxpbc xk xfo òceoa xfbx ex e~ kup po~zkd~eècex xk po~xkpo Ikh)~ abexf

ed fulbdex yexf yfbxoqop lobd~ zk~~e`co$

Cox u~ poxupd xk Fep~nfe)~ ruo~xekd# "Fky nbd b zop~kd òceoqo ex e~ ypkdi xk ~xobc

bx xfo ~blo xelo fo e~ ~xobcedi;ea `kxf xfo hoqebdx bdh xfo dkd,hoqebdx òceoqo xfo

hoqebdx bnx e~ ypkdi# fky hk yo bnnkudx akp xfo abnx xfbx kdo nkllex~ ex bdh xfo kxfop

hko~ dkx; &2515= >2,>0%$ Xfe~ ruo~xekd ~ul~ uz yfbx E yb~ xpedi xk bd~yop yexf xfe~

po~obpnf= fky e~ ex xfbx bcc zpk,ceao edheqehubc~ nkdhold yfbx xfo nkd~ehop xk ò xfo

luphop ka ud`kpd nfechpod kp `bèo~# ox b apbnxekd ka xfol bc~k fkch xfbx luphop e~

bnnozxb`co udhop nopxbed nepnul~xbdno~; Kd xfo ~upabno xfe~ ehob ~ool~ xk ò hoozc

acbyoh# fkyoqop# bnnkphedi xk Fep~nfe# kdo bzzpkbnf xbgod ` nkdxpkc xfokpe~x~ xk ovzcbed


29/36

^xoedo~ 05

xfe~ nkdxpbhenxekd bpiuo~ xfbx xfk~o yfk nkllex b hoqebdx bnx &ed xfe~ ed~xbdno# gecc bd

b`kpxekd hknxkp%# pbxekdbce}o xfo òfbqekp "~k xfbx fo nbd bx kdno qekcbxo xfo puco bdh

lbedxbed fe~ òceoa ed ex$ &2515= >0%$ Yo ~oo xfe~ pbxekdbce}bxekd kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~

yo`~exo ed xfo akpl ka b uxecexbpebd bpiulodx akp geccedi b`kpxekd hknxkp~= "Iokpio Xeccop

ykuch dkplbcc luphop òxyood 2: bdh >: nfechpod$$$obnf hb$ Fky lbd `bèo~ fbqo

òod luphopoh ` Iokpio Xeccop ~edno Lb >2~x yfod fo yb~ ~xkzzoh ` ^nkxx Pkohop;

Bd~yop= ]OPK" &Bpl ka Ikh d$h$%$ Xfu~# xfo bpiulodx xfbx e~ uzfoch ed xfo nuppodx

cexopbxupo poibphedi b uxecexbpebd mu~xeaenbxekd akp qekcodno ~ool~ xk bzzc xk xfo Bpl ka

Ikh# yfenf fkch~ xfbx qekcodno e~ `kxf b pob~kdb`co bdh ckienbc po~zkd~o xk b`kpxekd$

E~ ex aob~e`co xfbx ovxpole~x ipkuz~ cego xfo Bpl ka Ikh òceoqo ~k ~xpkdic xfbx

b`kpxekd lu~x ò ~xkzzoh# dk lbxxop yfbx# xfbx xfo u~o ipbzfen bdh qekcodx elbio~ xk xp

bdh ponpuex zokzco edxk "Ikh)~ bpl"; Xfo ovxpole~x~ fkch b uxecexbpebd ledh~ox bdh

òceoqo xfbx xfo lu~x xp xk ~xkz xfo oqec xfo ~oo ed apkdx ka xfol ` bnxedi b~ lkpbc

npu~bhop~ bdh olzckedi ~oca,focz$ @onbu~o xfo fkch xfbx b`kpxekd e~ heponxc nkdxpbp xk

Ikh)~ ye~fo~# xfo hpby xfo nkdncu~ekd xfbx ex e~ Ikh)~ yecc xk ~xkz b`kpxekd# u~edi

yfbxoqop lobd~ yecc ò lk~x oaaonxeqo$ Ed abnx# ovxpole~x~ hkd)x qeoy geccedi b`kpxekd

hknxkp~ b~ luphop bx bcc7 ed~xobh xfo qeoy xfo geccedi~ b~ aucaeccedi Ikh)~ yecc bdh

po~xkpedi Fe~ abexf ed fulbdex$ Xfe~ bpiulodx e~ ovolzceaeoh ed xfo gedh~ ka ~npezxupbc

zb~~bio~ edncuhoh kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh)~ yo`~exo# ~unf b~ Z~bcl ?6=2:= "Xfo peifxoku~

~fbcc pomkeno yfod fo ~ooxf xfo qodiobdno= fo ~fbcc yb~f fe~ aoox ed xfo `ckkh ka xfo

yengoh" &Bpl ka Ikh d$h$%$

_cxelbxoc# yfbx ~ox~ xfo~o xyk ipkuz~ bzbpx e~ xfo yb ed yfenf xfo apblo

b`kpxekd$ Xfo ovxpole~x~ apblo b`kpxekd b~ bd bxpknex xfbx lu~x ò ~xkzzoh yexf bd


30/36

^xoedo~ >:

lobd~ zk~~e`co# yfopob~ xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceaop~ qeoy b`kpxekd b~ b xpbioh xfbx nbd ò

kqopnklo yexf zobno# ckqo bdh zop~e~xodno ed abexf$ Xfe~ e~ ovolzceaeoh kd xfo ovxpole~x

yo`~exo~ yexf ipbzfen# he~xupèdi elbio~# lbdezucbxekd ka ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~# bdh xfo

olzcklodx ka ybp elbiop bdh cbdiubio$ Nkdqop~oc# xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceaop~) qeoy

ka b`kpxekd e~ ovolzceaeoh ed xfoep u~o ka zfkxkipbzf~ ka nfechpod bdh ableceo~ bdh xfoep

aknu~ kd udex# akpieqodo~~ bdh ckqo# `kxf ed ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ bdh ed xfo cbdiubio u~oh

kd xfoep yo`~exo~$

Xfo heaaopodx yb ed yfenf lbed~xpobl bdh ovxpole~x ipkuz~ uxece}o ~npezxupbc

zb~~bio~ kd xfoep yo`~exo~ e~ zbpxenucbpc pocoqbdx xk udhop~xbdhedi yfbx ~ox~ xfo xyk

xzo~ ka ipkuz~ bzbpx$ Akp ovblzco# xfo ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ zpo~odxoh kd xfo Bpl ka

Ikh~ yo`~exo bpo kqopyfocledic aknu~oh kd dkxekd~ ka poxpeùxekd akp ypkdihkedi#

oqec# kp yengohdo~~# ~unf b~ Z~bcl ??=2?= Cox hobxf ~oe}o uzkd xfol# bdh cox xfol ik

hkyd rueng edxk focc= akp yengohdo~~ e~ ed xfoep hyoccedi~# bdh blkdi xfol kpMopolebf

86=2:= Nup~oh ò fo xfbx hkoxf xfo ykpg ka xfo CKPH honoexaucc# bdh nup~oh ò fo xfbx

goozoxf `bng fe~ ~ykph apkl `ckkh &Bpl ka Ikh d$h$%$ B~ zpoqeku~c lodxekdoh#

qekcodno e~ ednexoh kd xfo Bpl ka Ikh~ yo`~exo dkx kdc yexf zenxupo~ ka b`kpxoh

aoxu~o~# ùx bc~k yexf ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ xfbx mu~xea zude~fedi ypkdihkedi yexf qekcodno$

Aupxfoplkpo# xfe~ poxpeùxeqo qekcodno e~ qeoyoh b~ akcckyedi Ikh~ ye~fo~ bdh hkedi

Ikh~ ykpg$ Kd xfo kxfop fbdh# xfo ~npezxupbc zb~~bio~ kd xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

ipkuz~ yo`~exo~ aknu~ kd xfo elzkpxbdno ka zpbop# zobno# bdh akpieqodo~~$ Akp ovblzco#

8: Hb~ akp Ceao~ fklozbio rukxo~ 0 Nfpkdenco~ 9=28= Ea l zokzco# yfk bpo nbccoh `

l dblo# yecc ful`co xfol~ocqo~ bdh zpb bdh ~oog l abno bdh xupd apkl xfoep yengoh

yb~# xfod yecc E fobp apkl fobqod bdh yecc akpieqo xfoep ~ed bdh yecc fobc xfoep cbdh &8:


31/36

^xoedo~ >2

Hb~ akp Ceao 0::5%$ 8: Hb~ akp Ceao~ yo`~exo bc~k edncuho~ lo~~bio~ akp qeoyop~ xk

zpb xk odh b`kpxekd &8: Hb~ akp Ceao 0::5%$ Xfe~ poaconx~ xfo lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

ipkuz~) b~~opxekd xfbx b`kpxekd nbd ò hobcx yexf ed b zobnoauc lbddop# yfopob~ xfo

ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz b~~opx~ xfbx qekcodno e~ xfo kdc oaaonxeqo lobd~ xk odh b`kpxekd$

Xfe~ ~xbpg heaaopodno ed xfo yb ed yfenf ~npezxupo e~ olzckoh xk ednexo oexfop qekcodno

bdh poxpeùxekd# kp zobno bdh akpieqodo~~# poedakpno~ xfo ehob xfbx lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

ipkuz~ apblo b`kpxekd ed xopl~ ka b xpbioh xfbx nbd ò kqopnklo xfpkuif zpbop bdh xfo

po~xkpbxekd ka Ikh)~ ckqo bdh zpkxonxekd# bdh xfbx ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~ apblo b`kpxekd

ed xopl~ ka bd bxpknex yfenf lu~x ò ~xkzzoh bx bcc nk~x~# poibphco~~ ka xfo lobd~$

NKDNC_ÊKD

Xfe~ po~obpnf feifceifx~ ~eideaenbdx heaaopodno~ òxyood lbed~xpobl zpk,ceao

ipkuz~ bdh ovxpole~x zpk,ceao ipkuz~$ Xfo~o heaaopodno~ bpo zbpxenucbpc elzkpxbdx xk

ehodxea ~k xfbx yo hk dkx lbgo udybppbdxoh iodopbce}bxekd~ b`kux zpk,ceao ipkuz~ bdh

culz xfo qekcodx bdh xfo dkd,qekcodx ipkuz~ edxk kdo nbxoikp$ B~ lbd zpk,ceao cobhop~

fbqo ~xbxoh# xfo hkd)x oqod nkd~ehop edheqehubc~ ed kpibde}bxekd~ ~unf b~ xfo Bpl ka

Ikh xk ò "zpk,ceao" bx bcc7 ed~xobh# xfo bpiuo xfbx "geccedi ed xfo dblo ka ceao" e~

bdxexfoxenbc xk oqopxfedi xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx ~xbdh~ akp &Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao

Nkllexxoo 0::5%$ Baxop Iokpio Xeccop)~ hobxf xfopo yb~ b ~upio ka doy~zbzop# lbib}edo#

bdh mkupdbc bpxenco~ bhhpo~~edi fky xfe~ luphop yecc baaonx xfo zu`cen)~ qeoy ka xfo zpk,

ceao lkqolodx$ Lbd zpk,ceao edheqehubc~ ovzpo~~oh xfo aobp xfbx xfo dkd,qekcodx ykuch

iox culzoh xkioxfop yexf xfo qekcodx# bdh ykuch he~npohex xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx b~ b

yfkco7 lbd kxfop~ heh mu~x xfbx# nexedi Hp$ Xeccop)~ luphop b~ bd ovblzco ka fky


32/36

^xoedo~ >0

fzknpexenbc xfo zpk,ceao lkqolodx e~ &Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo 0::5%$ Ex e~ l

fkzo xfbx xfe~ po~obpnf fb~ nkdxpeùxoh# ea kdc ~ceifxc# xk poauxedi xfe~ lxf xfbx xfo zpk,

ceao lkqolodx b~ b yfkco nkdhkdo~ qekcodno xk aupxfop ex~ nbu~o$

Xfo ~nkzo ka xfe~ po~obpnf zpkmonx heh dkx bccky lo xk zopakpl bd ed,hozxf nkdxodx

bdbc~e~ kd kpibde}bxekd~ ~unf b~ Kzopbxekd Po~nuo kp Le~~ekdbpeo~ xk xfo Zpo`kpd# yfenf

`kxf ~xbxo xfbx bcxfkuif xfo xfol~ocqo~ hk dkx u~o qekcodx xbnxen~# xfo hkd)x `cblo

kxfop~ yfk hk# bdh aupxfoplkpo hk dkx he~nkupbio xfol apkl hkedi ~k &Kzopbxekd Po~nuo

0::5%$ ûiio~xekd~ akp aupxfop po~obpnf ykuch edqkcqo hkedi b ~elecbp bdbc~e~ ka ipkuz~

cego xfe~ xfbx abcc ~kloyfopo ed òxyood lbed~xpobl bdh ovxpole~x ipkuz~# ed kphop xk

ovbledo xfo heaaopodno~$ Xfe~ bdbc~e~ lb zpkqeho bhhexekdbc edakplbxekd poibphedi yf

~klo ipkuz~ nkd~ehop qekcodno xk ò bnnozxb`co yfeco kxfop~ hk dkx$ Ex ykuch bc~k ò qop

foczauc xk zopakpl bd ed,hozxf bdbc~e~ ka kxfop ovxpole~x yo`~exo~# zbpxenucbpc xk ~oo ea

xfo Bpl ka Ikh e~ b abep pozpo~odxbxekd akp xfo~o xzo~ ka ipkuz~$ _dakpxudbxoc# E fbh xk

u~o yfbx E nkuch aedh bdh# `b~oh kd zpoceledbp po~obpnf kd xfo Dupolùpi Aeco~ bdh xfo

Blopenbd Nkbcexekd ka Ceao Bnxeqe~x~# lbgo xfo b~~ulzxekd xfbx xfo Bpl ka Ikh e~

pozpo~odxbxeqo ka xfo ovxpole~x zpk,ceao lkqolodx$ Fkyoqop# aupxfop po~obpnf kd xfe~

xkzen ykuch ~xpodixfod xfo aedhedi~ ed xfe~ zpkmonx xpolodhku~c$ Ex ykuch bc~k ò

edxopo~xedi xk ponpobxo xfe~ po~obpnf u~edi heaaopodx ~kupno~# ~unf b~ zpk,ceao `pknfupo~#

lbdubc~# `kkg~# pbhek ~xbxekd~# kp lbib}edo~$ Xfe~ ykuch focz xk he~zoc ~klo ka xfo

zpk`colbxen b~zonx~ ka edxopdox po~obpnf bdh ykuch# b~ yexf bdbc~e~ ka bhhexekdbc

ovxpole~x kpibde}bxekd~# ipobxc ~xpodixfod xfo aedhedi~ ka xfe~ po~obpnf$


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^xoedo~ >>

Poaopodno~

Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao$ 0::5$ "Blopenbd~ _dexoh akp Ceao$" Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 2?#

0::5 &fxxz=++buc$kpi+Fklo%$

Bpl ka Ikh$ D$h$ "Xfo Bpl ka Ikh$" Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 2?# 0::5

&fxxz=++bplkaikh$nkl+%$

@beph,Yedhco# Zbxpeneb bdh Ocobdkp M$ @bhop$ 0::2$ Xbpiox~ ka Fbxpoh= Bdxe,B`kpxekd

Xoppkpe~l$ Doy Ukpg= Zbcipbqo$

@ongop# Fkybph ^$ 251>$ Kux~ehop~= ^xuheo~ ed xfo ^knekcki ka Hoqebdno$ Doy Ukpg=

Xfo Apoo Zpo~~$

@cbng# Hkdbch$ 256>$ Npelo b~ ^knebc Nkdxpkc$Blopenbd ^knekckienbc Poqeoy 86=>8,

8?$

Nk~op# Coye~ B$ 2598$ Ipooh Ed~xexuxekd~= Zbxxopd~ ka _dheqehoh Nkllexlodx$ Doy

Ukpg= Xfo Apoo Zpo~~$

Hkdkqbd# Zbxpeneb$ 256?$ Xfo Fkc Ybp$ Ablec Zcbddedi Zop~zonxeqo~ 29&2%=?,5$

Abu~~ox# Penfbph$ 0::5$ "B Fe~xkp ka Qekcodno kd xfo Bdxeb`kpxekd Apedio$"Ck~ Bdioco~

Xelo~# Mudo 2$ Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 6# 0::5

&fxxz=++bpxenco~$cbxelo~$nkl+0::5+mud+:2+dbxekd+db,b`kpxekd,qekcodno2 %$
http://aul.org/Homehttp://aul.org/Homehttp://aul.org/Homehttp://armyofgod.com/http://armyofgod.com/http://armyofgod.com/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/01/nation/na-abortion-violence1http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/01/nation/na-abortion-violence1http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/01/nation/na-abortion-violence1http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/01/nation/na-abortion-violence1http://armyofgod.com/http://aul.org/Home


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^xoedo~ >8

Ibl~kd# Yeccebl B$ 259?$ Xfo ^xpbxoi ka ^knebc Zpkxo~x$ Fkloykkh# EC= Hkp~o Zpo~~$

Ied~ùpi# Abo$ 2556$ Po~nuedi xfo Dbxekd= Kzopbxekd Po~nuo bdh xfo Pe~o ka Bdxe,

B`kpxekd Lecexbdno$ Zz$ 009,0?: edB`kpxekd Ybp~= B Fbca Nodxup ka ^xpuiico#

25?:,0:::# ohexoh ` P$ ^kcediop$@opgoco# NB= _deqop~ex ka Nbceakpdeb Zpo~~$

Fep~nfe# Xpbqe~$ 2515$ Nbu~o~ ka Hocedruodn$ @opgoco# NB= _deqop~ex ka Nbceakpdeb

Zpo~~$

Fudxop# Mblo~ Hbqe~kd$ 2552$ Nucxupo Ybp~=Xfo ^xpuiico xk Hoaedo Blopenb$ Doy

Ukpg= @b~en @kkg~$

,,,,,,$ 2558$@oakpo xfo ^fkkxedi @oied~= ôbpnfedi akp Holknpbn ed

Blopenb~ Nucxupo Ybp$ Doy Ukpg= Xfo Apoo Zpo~~$

Modged~# Zfecez$ 0::>$ Aeifxedi Xoppkpe~l b~ ea Yklod Lbxxopoh= Bdxe,B`kpxekd

Qekcodno b~ _dnkd~xpunxoh Xoppkpe~l$ Zz$ 222,206 ed Xoppkpe~l ed Zop~zonxeqo#

ohexoh ` Z$ C$ Ipe~ox bdh ^$ Lbfbd$ Xfku~bdh Kbg~# NB= ^bio Zu`cenbxekd~# Edn$

Colopx# Ohyed L$ 2590$Fulbd Hoqebdno# ^knebc Zpk`col~# bdh ^knebc Nkdxpkc# ônkdh

Ohexekd$ Odicoykkh Nceaa~# D$M$= Zpodxeno,Fbcc# Edn$

Cugop# Gpe~xed$ 2568$ "Xfo Ybp @oxyood Yklod$" Ablec Zcbddedi Zop~zonxeqo~ 21&>%=


35/36

^xoedo~ >?

2:?,22:$

Lb~kd# Nbpkc$ 0::0$ Geccedi akp Ceao= Xfo Bzknbczxen Dbppbxeqo ka Zpk,Ceao Zkcexen~$

Exfbnb# DU= Nkpdocc _deqop~ex Zpo~~$

Lbvyocc# Nbpkc M$ N$ bdh Xoh I$ Mocod$ 2551$ ^l`kcen bdh Ed~xpulodxbc K`monxeqo~ akp

Zpk,Ceao Heponx Bnxekd$Mkupdbc akp xfo ^neodxeaen ^xuh ka Poceiekd >?&2%=1?,9:$

Lbvyocc# Nbpkc M$ N$ 0::0$ Zpk,Ceao Bnxeqe~x~ ed Blopenb= Lobdedi# Lkxeqbxekd# bdh

Heponx Bnxekd$ Nbl`pehio# _$G$= Nbl`pehio _deqop~ex Zpo~~$

DBPBC Zpk,Nfkeno Blopenb Akudhbxekd$ 0::5$ Bdxe,Nfkeno Qekcodno bdh

Edxelehbxekd$ Poxpeoqoh ôzxolòp ?# 0::5

&fxxz=++yyy$dbpbc$kpi+e~~uo~+b`kpxekd+bnno~~,xk,b`kpxekd+nceden,qekcodno+% $

Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd Aohopbxekd$ 0::5$ Bdxe,B`kpxekd Ovxpole~x~= Xfo

Bpl ka Ikh bdh Mu~xeaeb`co Fkleneho$ Poxpeoqoh ôzxolòp ?# 0::5

&fxxz=++yyy$zpknfkeno$kpi+b`kux[b`kpxekd+qekcodno+edhov$fxlc% $

Dbxekdbc B`kpxekd Aohopbxekd$ 0::5$ DBA Qekcodno bdh He~puzxekd

^xbxe~xen~$ Poxpeoqoh ôzxolòp ?# 0::5

&fxxz=++yyy$zpknfkeno$kpi+b`kux[b`kpxekd+qekcodno+edhov$fxlc% $
http://www.naral.org/issues/abortion/access-to-abortion/clinic-violence/http://www.prochoice.org/about_abortion/violence/index.htmlhttp://www.prochoice.org/about_abortion/violence/index.htmlhttp://www.prochoice.org/about_abortion/violence/index.htmlhttp://www.prochoice.org/about_abortion/violence/index.htmlhttp://www.naral.org/issues/abortion/access-to-abortion/clinic-violence/


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Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao Nkllexxoo$ 0::5$ "Dbxekdbc Peifx xk Ceao= Xkunfedi

Fobpx~$$$Nfbdiedi Ledh~$$$^bqedi Ceqo~$" Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 2?# 0::5

&fxxz=++yyy$dpcn$kpi+hoabucx$fxlc %$

Kzopbxekd Po~nuo$ 0::5$ "Kzopbxekd Po~nuo$" Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 06# 0::5

&fxxz=++yyy$kzopbxekdpo~nuo$kpi+%$

Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo$ 0::6$ "Zpk,Ceao Bnxekd Cobiuo$" Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 2?# 0::5

&fxxz=++zpkceaobnxekd$kpi+b`kux+%$

Pe~od# Mblo~ bdh Muh C$ Xfklb~$ 2556$ Ypbxf ka Bdioc~= Xfo Blopenbd B`kpxekd Ybp$

Doy Ukpg= @b~en@kkg~$

Yechop# Lbpn M$ 2556$ Xfo Puco ka Cby# Xfo Pe~o ka Qekcodno# bdh xfo Pkco ka

Lkpbcex= Poapbledi Blopenb~ B`kpxekd Ho`bxo$ Zz$ 9>>,5> edB`kpxekd Ybp~=

B Fbca Nodxup ka ^xpuiico# 25?:,0:::# ohexoh ` P$ ^kcediop$@opgoco# NB=

_deqop~ex ka Nbceakpdeb Zpo~~$

Yecc# Hbdb$ 0::5$ "Xpbioh ed Gbd~b~$"Pkccedi ^xkdo# Mudo 0?$ Poxpeoqoh Dkqolòp 2?#

0::5

&fxxz=++~obpnf$o`~nkfk~x$nkl+ckied$b~zv;heponx

Documents

Abortion Clinic Violence: A Comparative Study of Mainstream and Extremist Pro-Life Organization