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7/30/2019 Abnormal Behavior Final 2012
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I. ANXIETY DISORDERS
II. SOMATOFORM & DISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERS
III. MOOD DISORDERS
IV. SCHIZOPHRENIA
V. PERSONALITY DISORDERSVI. EATING DISORDERS
VII. SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS
VIII. SEXUAL AND GENDER-IDENTITY
DISORDERS
IX. CHILDHOOD DISORDERS
X. DISORDERS OF AGING
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Anxiety is a condition inwhich intense feelings of fear& dread are long standing ordisruptive.
5 types of anxiety disorders
Phobias Generalized AnxietyDisorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder (PD) Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorder (OCD)
Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD)
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Out-of-proportionfears associated withcircumstances &objects.
Most common phobias:Social phobias
Fears associated with social situations(e.g. agoraphobia)
Object phobias
Fears associated with dogs, cats,spiders, etc.
Event phobias
Fears associated with somethinghappening (e.g. fear of being struck bylightning, being hit by a meteor or
asteroid, stepping on the cracks in asidewalk, etc.)
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Panic Disorders
Recurring attacks ofpanic, periods ofintense fear, &feelings of impendingdoom or death
accompanied byphysiological symptomsall occurring withoutcause.
Often seen with a phobicresponse.
Feelings of dizziness, problemswith breathing, sweating, &trembling.
After an attack, the fear of anotherpanic attack sets in.
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Other Anxiety Disorders
Generalized AnxietyDisorderProlonged, unfocused,intense fear response.Not attached to any objector event.
Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorderPersistent, intrusion ofunwanted thoughts, urges,or actions that are unableto stop.
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PosttraumaticStressDisorder
An anxiety disorder inwhich a person who hasexperienced a traumatic orlife-threatening event has
symptoms such as psychicnumbing, reliving of thetrauma, & increasedphysiological arousal.
Other Anxiety Disorders
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Involve physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a
medical problem but have no known biological cause and
are not voluntarily produced by the person Soma = body
Body manifestations
Hypochondriasis
Pain disorders
Conversion disorders
Malingering - faking it to escape responsibility
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Dissociative Disorders
conscious awareness becomes separated(dissociated) from previous memories,thoughts, and feelings
psychogenic amnesia psychogenic fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
rare dissociative disorder in which aperson exhibits two or more distinct andalternating personalities
formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder
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Frank Putnams Trauma-DissociationTheory
The development of new
personalities occurs in response tosevere stress.
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Psychosomatic & SomatoformDisorders
Psychological factors produce realphysical disorders.
Stress is strongly indicated.
SomatoformDisordersPhysical symptoms persistwithout any identifiablephysical cause.
Conversion Disorders
Hypochondriasis
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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Some aspect of the personality seemsto be separated from the rest.
Dissociative AmnesiaA loss of memory with no organic cause.
Usually after a stressful event.
Usually accompanied by a Dissociative
Fugue.
Dissociative IdentityDisorderMultiple Personality Disorder
Several distinct personalities in the same
person.
Depersonalization DisorderFeelings of being changed or different in astrange way.
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AFFECT - deals with mood or emotion
Flat Affect - negative mood state orabsence of emotions
Dysthymia - thecommon cold
ofmental illness
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Mood Disorderscharacterized by emotional extremes
Major Depressive Disorder
a mood disorder in which a person, for no
apparent reason, experiences two or more
weeks of depressed moods, feelings ofworthlessness, and diminished interest or
pleasure in most activities
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Manic Episode
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly
optimistic state
Bipolar Disorder
a mood disorder in which the person alternates
between the hopelessness and lethargy of
depression and the overexcited state of mania
formerly called Manic-Depressive Disorder
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Males Females
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Increasing rates of teen suicide
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literal translation split mind Split from reality
Characterized by pieces ofpersonality and absence of
wholeness
Lay publics idea of split personality
- actually DID (Dissociative Identity
Disorder)
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a group of severe disorders
characterized by:
disorganized and delusional
thinking
disturbed perceptions inappropriate emotions and
actions
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Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or
grandeur, that may accompanypsychotic disorders
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences such asseeing something without anyexternal visual stimulus
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disorders characterized byinflexible and enduring patterns
of behavior thatimpair social functioning
usually without anxiety,depression, or delusions
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Cluster 1 DisordersThese disorders are
characterized by odd
or eccentric
behaviors or traits.
Schizoid Personality
DisorderCharacterized by the inability toform social relationships
Withdrawn with a lack of feelingstoward others.
SchizotypalPersonality DisorderUncomfortable in interpersonalrelationships, & suffering fromcognitive & perceptual distortions& eccentric behavior.
May wear inappropriate, strangely
out-of-date or mismatched clothes.
Paranoid PersonalityDisorderInappropriately suspicious ofothers & their motives.
Guarded, secretive, devious,
scheming, argumentative, & oftensuperstitious.
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Cluster 2 Disorders
Characterized bydramatic,
emotional or
erratic behavior.
They have veryunstable
interpersonal
relationships,
self-image and
moods.
BorderlinePersonality DisorderVery unstable in self-image, mood, &
relationships.
Acts impulsively & self-destructively.Manipulative, self-destructive impulses
when trying to control or strengthen
personal relationships.
Histrionic
Personality DisorderOverly dramatic behavior, self-centered,
& craving attention.
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Cluster 2 Disorders
Antisocial
Personality DisorderContinually violates the rights of others,
prone to impulsive behavior, & feeling no
guilt for any harm.Unethical, exploitative, violent, criminal
behavior.
Narcissistic
Personality DisorderOver-inflated sense of self-importance.Must be the center of attention, lacking
any real empathy for others.
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Cluster 3 Disorders
Characterized byanxious or fearful
behavior.
Avoidant -Personality
DisorderHypersensitive to potential rejection
by others, causing social withdrawal
despite a desire for social
relationships.
Has social anxiety & is timid, anxious,
& fearful of relationships.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality DisorderPreoccupation with rules, schedules,
& trivial details, & unable to express
emotional warmth.Preoccupied with orderliness &
perfectionism.
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Cluster 3 Disorders
Dependent - Personality DisorderThe inability to make decisions or to act independently.
Fails to take responsibility for ones own life, instead relies
on other to make their decisions.
Cant tolerate being alone.
Has a fear of abandonment.
Passive-Aggressive Personality
DisorderUnassertive, indirect resistance to demands, as in
forgetting, procrastinating, being late, and being
indifferent.
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VI. Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa:Primary Symptoms:
-
-
--
d
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Bulimia Nervosa: Primary Symptoms:
-
-
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-
VI. Eating Disorders
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Substance abusenot dependent on drug, but usesthe drug repeatedly, which leads to seriousimpairment of individual functioning.
Substance dependenceSymptoms:- Need for higher level of drug to achieve desired
effects
- Presence of withdrawal when substance isreduced
- Unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop
- Reduction of participation in social, occupational
or recreational activities
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Types of Drugs:reduce physiological arousal &
psychological tension
often used to refer to legal drugs
increase arousal & cause states ofeuphoria
distort sensory experiences
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Exposurenecessary for dependence, notsufficient to explain dependence
Situational FactorsVietnam, wars, trauma
Family Characteristicspoor role models
Personalityoriginally though substance abusers
VIII Sexual & Gender Identity
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VIII. Sexual & Gender-Identity
Disorders
Erectile DisorderThe inability to achieve or
maintain an erection
Physical or Psychologicalcauses
Female SexualArousal Disorder
The inability to becomeexcited or achieve orgasm
About 1/3 have geneticconstruct, others arepsychological
S l i d
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Sexual Disorders
ParaphiliasExhibitionismExposure of ones genitals toan unsuspecting stranger.
VoyeurismObserving a stranger naked,etc.
Fetishism
Sexual arousal from nonlivingobjects.
Transvestic FetishismDressing in clothing of the
opposite sex.
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Sexual DisordersSadism & Masochism
Arousal from dominating or being
dominated.
Frotteurism
Touching or rubbing against a
non-consenting person.
Necrophilia
Obsession with dead bodies.
Klismaphilia
Sexual excitement from enemas.
Coprophilia
Arousal through feces.
Zoophilia
Sexual activity with animals.
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The desire to become or the insistencethat one is the opposite sex.Trans-sexuals & certain transvestites
In children it is seen as boys playing with girls toys and girls
playing with boys toys.
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Alzheimers Disease
An age-related disease
characterized by memory
loss, mental confusion, &, inits later stages, a nearly total
loss of mental abilities.
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Parkinsons DiseaseA degenerative diseasewhere the person has
difficulty performing
simple acts due tomarked disturbancesin dopamine neurons in
thesubstantia nigra.
In the later stages, theindividual may have a
shuffling gait, a blankexpression on the face,
and is unable to initiate
movements.
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ADHD A psychological disorder in which
children are unable to concentratetheir attention on any task for morethan a few minutes.
Inattention, impulsiveness,hyperactive behavior
A CNS arousal problem.
Underarousal
Affects Dopamine use in the BasalGanglia and Prefrontal Cortex
Psychostimulants are used to managethe behavior.
They increase the childs ability tofocus attention.
There are only short-term benefits.
Non-stimulant drugs are now being
used.
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Autism
A condition arising in infancy, in
which the child is motivated to
avoid stimulation, including
social interaction.
They have poor social skills &
emotional responding.
They dislike changes in their
routine, perform monotonous
actions, & ignore stimuli other
than that which they are
attending to.
They remain distant &
withdrawn.
Dyslexia
The inability to identify or
write correctly letters &
words or to read with
understanding.
Generally considered a
learning disorder.
When a child is below
achievement in school
learning as would be
expected for his intelligence,
a learning disorder is
suspected.
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Care for our psycheknow thyself, for once we
know ourselves, we may learnhow to care for ourselves.