Abnormal Behavior

Categorizing Disorders

• Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders– Axis I. Clinical disorders– Axis II. Personality disorders and mental retardation– Axis III. General medical conditions– Axis IV. Psychosocial and environmental problems– Axis V. Global assessment of functioning

Anxiety Disorders

Fears & Phobias

Obsessive Compulsive

Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Phobias: Lifetime Prevalence

Systematic Desensitization

Rats hierarchy example:

Other Methods

• Flooding

• Modeling

• Group Therapy

Anxiety Disorders

Fears & Phobias

Obsessive Compulsive

Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Phobias: Lifetime Prevalence

Anxiety Disorders

Fears & Phobias

Obsessive Compulsive

Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Obsessive Compulsives

Obsessions: persistent, uncontrollable thoughts

Obsessive Compulsives

Compulsions: intrusive, inappropriate actions that often prevent obsessions

Obsessive Compulsives

Obsessions

Anxiety

Compulsions

Reduce

Anxiety Disorders

• Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Somatoform Disorders– Conversion

– Somatization Disorder

– Hypochondriasis

Dissociative Disorders

– Dissociative Amnesia

– Dissociative Fugue

– Dissociative Identity Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Sexual Disorders

• Paraphilias• Voyeurism

• Fetishism

• Pedophilia

• Exhibitionism

• Masochism

• Sadism

Schizophrenia

• Positive Symptoms

•

• Negative Symptoms

• Hallucinations

• Delusions

• Speech disturbances

• Inappropriate affect

Onset Timing

Period of greatest susceptibility

10 20 30 40 50

AGE

Schizophrenia Types

Paranoid

Catatonic

Disorganized

Undifferentiated

Causes

• Brain Abnormalities

• Excessive Dopamine Activity

• Stress

Ventricle Example

Cortex Cross-Sections

Normal Schizophrenic

Odds of being schizophrenic if certain relatives are:

(Data from Nicole and Gottesman, 1983)

Rule of Thirds

Mood Disorders

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Seasonal Affective Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder

Gender & Depression

(Data from Kessler, et al., 1994)

Prognosis (1 year)

(APA Data, 1994)

Seasonal Affective Disorder

(After Wurtman & Wurtman,1989)

Bipolar Disorder

(Data from Kessler, et al., 1994)

Causes & Treatments

• Depression:

• Mania:

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Bipolar Depression

Other Axis I Disorders

• Eating disorders– Anorexia nervosa– Bulimia nervosa– Explaining eating disorders

Axis II Personality Disorders

• Antisocial personality disorder

• Avoidant personality disorder

• Borderline personality disorder

• Dependent personality disorder

• Histrionic personality disorder

• Narcissistic personality disorder