Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

John F. Baniecki, Ph.D.

Extension Specialist, Plant Pathology/Entomology

Professor, Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences

West Virginia University

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

OBJECTIVES

1. To discuss major causes of abiotic disorders on some ornamentals and vegetables (as examples).

2. To create an awareness that abiotic disorders do exist.

3. To increase an interest in wanting to know more about abiotic disorders.

4. Consequently, to improve upon problem solving recognition.

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

First, Understand the Healthy Plant

1. Know thy plant

1. What does the healthy plant look like?

2. What are the characteristics of the plant?

3. Is the plant adapted to the area?

4. How is the plant cultured?

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

–Understand the sick or diseased plant.

–A plant may not always be healthy.

–Plant problems do exist and a disease can occur.

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Diseases May Be Caused (Biotic) Living Agents Or Non-Living Agents (Abiotic) Or Both.

There are:

Infectious Living Agents. Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses, (Viroids, Plasmids), And Nematodes.

Non-Infectious Living Agents. Insects And Vertebrates (Rodents, Deer, and Humans).

The Other Diseases

Abiotic Disorders

In plant problem solving, it is important to be aware of the other diseases------------

This presentation will focus on:This presentation will focus on:

--------------------------ABIOTIC DISORDERS.

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

There are those abiotic disorders that are uncontrollable and associated with the environment.

Environmental causes of disorders include:

Temperature Effects (Cold and Heat)

Effects of Wetness or Dryness/Drought

Lightning

Gas Leakage

Effects of Air Pollution

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

There are those abiotic disorders that are controllable and are a frequent cause of plant disorders that are brought about by a lack of a practice or misuse of a practice associated with no one else, but the -----------

human.

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant disorders associated with the human practices are:

Cultural

Planting

Mulching

Soil Fertility

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant disorders associated with the human practices are:

Mechanical

Use Of:

Guide Or Staking Wires

Weed Eater

Lawn Mower

Planting Material

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant disorders associated with the human practices are:

Chemical Use

Examples Are The Use Of:

Salt

Fertilizer

Pesticide

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental Causes of Plant Disorders

Temperature Effects--COLD

Sudden Drop In Temperature

Frozen Ground

Windy Northern Exposure

Water Loss

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental

Effects----COLD

Winter

Desiccation

Northern Exposure

Evergreen Damage

Rhododendron Damage

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental

Effects----COLD

Frost Injury Freeze Damage

Frost Injury

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental

Effects----COLD

Late Frost InjuryFrost Damage

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental Causes of Plant Disorders

Temperature Effects--HEAT

Sunny Exposure

Water Loss

Wilting, Yellowing, Browning

-----Death

Scalding

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental

Effects----HEAT

Heat Reflection From A Paved Surface

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental

Effects----HEAT

SUNSCALD

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental

Effects----DROUGHT

Loss of water

Wilting, Yellowing, Browning

-----Death

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental Effects----

DROUGHT

Loss Of Water From The Plant

Environmental

Effects--------------------------WETNESS

POOR DRAINAGE

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental

Effects--------------------------WETNESS

POOR DRAINAGE

Waterlogged Soil

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental

Effects--------------------------HAIL

May Be Unnoticed

Or

Noticeable Pockets Or Rifts Tattered Leaves

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental

Effects

--------------------------Lightning

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental

Effects

-----Gas Injury

Plants Affected May Be Far Removed From The Gas Leakage

Environmental

Effects

-----Air Pollutants

Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides And

Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN), Fluoride,

Chlorine, And Ammonia

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental Effects

-----Ozone

Flecking, Mottling, Chlorosis, Banding, Bronzing, Browning, Blanching

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental Effects

-----Sulfur Dioxide

Browning, Chlorosis, Banding, Bleaching, Bronzing

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases Environmental Effects

-----Nitrogen Oxides And

Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN)

Light Browning, Glazing, Bronzing

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental Effects

-----Fluoride

Chlorotic Flecking, Marginal Browning

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Environmental Effects

-------

Chlorine Ammonia

Light Browning On Tips and Edges

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices------------Cultural

Planting Problems

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural

Fill Soil Over Existing Roots Constructionitis

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural

Nutrient Deficiencies

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

Lower Leaves Affected First

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural

Nutrient Deficiencies

Iron Manganese

Immobile

Magnesium

Mobile

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural

Nutrient Deficiencies

Calcium

Affects Root Growth Constituent Of The Middle Lamella

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices

Mechanical/ Physical Injury

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury

Staking Wire Injury Girdling Plastic Twine

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices

Mechanical/ Physical Injury

Lawn Mower Damage

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use

Over Fertilization

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use

Distortion, Cupping,

Browning

2,4-D On Tomato Dicamba Injury

Linden

Taxus

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Yellowing, Browning, Distortion

Orthene

Roundup

Urine

(Another Matter)

Abiotic Disorders

The Other Diseases

AS ONE CAN SEE

NOT ALL “BUGS” (LIVING AGENTS; FUNGI, BACTERIA, VIRUSES, NEMATODES, INSECTS) AND VERTEBRATES (RODENTS, DEER) CAUSE PLANT PROBLEMS.

CAN HUMANS BUG THE PLANTS?

FOR A LARGE PART THEY DO.