Abidhamma (Singapore 2 ) - · PDF file . ½kyf\ oabmt"dyÜg,f yjl ci;f at;jci;f -paom qeuY f sibf utf aMumi;f rsm;aMumi h f ajymi;

$Page 1: Abidhamma (Singapore 2 ) - · PDF file . ½kyf\ oabmt"dyÜg,f yjl ci;f at;jci;f -paom qeuY f sibf utf aMumi;f rsm;aMumi h f ajymi;$
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http://www.dhammadownload.com

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½kyf\ oabmt"dyÜg,f

yljcif;at;jcif;-paom qefYusifbuftaMumif;rsm;aMumifh ajymif;vJa z m u f j y e f w w f a o m o a b m u k d ] ] ½ k y f½ k y f½ k y f½ k y f½ k y f } } [ k a c : o n f / x k d ½ k y f r s m ; r S m(28)yg;&Sdonf/

½kyf (28)yg;

edyæEé½kyf (18)yg;

1/ r[mbkwf (4)yg;r[mbkwf (4)yg;r[mbkwf (4)yg;r[mbkwf (4)yg;r[mbkwf (4)yg; / / / / / / / / / /r[mbkwfav;yg;rSm -1/ yx0Dyx0Dyx0Dyx0Dyx0D = cufrmjcif;? El;nHhjcif;oabm/2/ tmaygtmaygtmaygtmaygtmayg = zGJYpnf;jcif;? ,kdpD;jcif;oabm/3/ awaZmawaZmawaZmawaZmawaZm = yljcif;? at;jcif;oabm/4/ 0ga,m 0ga,m 0ga,m 0ga,m 0ga,m = axmufuefjcif;? wGef;wif vIyf&Sm;jcif;oabm

wdkYjzpfMuonf/

2/2/2/2/2/ yom'½kyfig;yg;yom'½kyfig;yg;yom'½kyfig;yg;yom'½kyfig;yg;yom'½kyfig;yg; / / / / / / / / / /yom'½kyfig;yg;rSm -1/ pu©Kyom'pu©Kyom'pu©Kyom'pu©Kyom'pu©Kyom' = rsufpdtMunf½kyf2/ aomwyom'aomwyom'aomwyom'aomwyom'aomwyom' = em;tMunf½kyf3/ Cmeyom'Cmeyom'Cmeyom'Cmeyom'Cmeyom' = ESmacgif;tMunf½kyf4/ Zd0Sgyom'Zd0Sgyom'Zd0Sgyom'Zd0Sgyom'Zd0Sgyom' = vQmtMunf½kyf5/ um,yom'um,yom'um,yom'um,yom'um,yom' = ukd,ftMunf½kyf-wkdYjzpfMuonf/

( 1 )


3/ a*gp&½kyf 7-yg; / /a*gp&½kyf (7)yg;rSm -1/ ½lyg½kH½lyg½kH½lyg½kH½lyg½kH½lyg½kH = tqif;ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;2/ o'g½kHo'g½kHo'g½kHo'g½kHo'g½kH = toHtrsKd;rsKd;3/ *Em½kH*Em½kH*Em½kH*Em½kH*Em½kH = teHtrsKd;rsKd;4/ &om½kH&om½kH&om½kH&om½kH&om½kH = t&omtrsKd;rsKd;5ç 6ç 7/ azm|AÁm½kHazm|AÁm½kHazm|AÁm½kHazm|AÁm½kHazm|AÁm½kH = tawGYtxdtrsKd;rsKd; (yx0Dç awaZmç

0ga,m 3-yg;)

trSmtrSmtrSmtrSmtrSm / / yx0Dç awaZmç 0ga,m 3-yg;onf r[mbkwf (4)yg;wGif yg0ifNyD; jzpfí edyæEé½kyf 18-yg;ukd a&wGuf&mü a*gp&½kyf (7)yg;jzpfaeaomf

vnf; ta&twGuf ocFsm ydkvGefí r,l&jcif;jzpfonf/

4/ bm0½kyf (2)yg;bm0½kyf (2)yg;bm0½kyf (2)yg;bm0½kyf (2)yg;bm0½kyf (2)yg;bm0½kyf 2-yg;rSm -(1) £w¬dbm0½kyf£w¬dbm0½kyf£w¬dbm0½kyf£w¬dbm0½kyf£w¬dbm0½kyf = trobm0ukd jzpfapaom½kyf?(2) ykrÇm0½kyfykrÇm0½kyfykrÇm0½kyfykrÇm0½kyfykrÇm0½kyf = tzkdobm0ukd jzpfapaom½kyf-wkdYjzpfMuonf/

5/ [',½kyf (1)yg;[',½kyf (1)yg;[',½kyf (1)yg;[',½kyf (1)yg;[',½kyf (1)yg;(1) [',0w¬K [',0w¬K [',0w¬K [',0w¬K [',0w¬K = pdwf\ rSD&m ESvkH;tMunf½kyf/

6/ ZD0dw½kyf (1)yg;ZD0dw½kyf (1)yg;ZD0dw½kyf (1)yg;ZD0dw½kyf (1)yg;ZD0dw½kyf (1)yg;(1) ½kyfZD0dwdajE´(1) ½kyfZD0dwdajE´(1) ½kyfZD0dwdajE´(1) ½kyfZD0dwdajE´(1) ½kyfZD0dwdajE = uHaMumifhjzpfaom½kyfwkdYukd touf&Sifatmif

apmifha&Smufjcif;oabm (½kyfouf)/

7/ tm[m&½kyf (1)yg;(1) uAVDum&tm[m&(1) uAVDum&tm[m&(1) uAVDum&tm[m&(1) uAVDum&tm[m&(1) uAVDum&tm[m& = pm;aomufzG,füygaom tESpftap;

MoZm½kyf/

( 2 )


azmfjyyg ½kyf (18)yg;wkdYukd uHç pdwfç Owkç tm[m&wkdYaMumifhjzpf&aom½kyfrsm; jzpfí ]] edyæEé½kyfedyæEé½kyfedyæEé½kyfedyæEé½kyfedyæEé½kyf}}[kac:onf/

tedyæEé½kyf (10)yg;1/ y&dapä'½kyf (1)yg;y&dapä'½kyf (1)yg;y&dapä'½kyf (1)yg;y&dapä'½kyf (1)yg;y&dapä'½kyf (1)yg;

(1) y&dapä'½kyf y&dapä'½kyf y&dapä'½kyf y&dapä'½kyf y&dapä'½kyf = tmumo"mwf = ½kyfuvmyfwkdYukd ykdif;jcm;ay;aom ½kyf/

2/ 0dnwf½kyf (2)yg;0dnwf½kyf (2)yg;0dnwf½kyf (2)yg;0dnwf½kyf (2)yg;0dnwf½kyf (2)yg;(1) um,0dnwfum,0dnwfum,0dnwfum,0dnwfum,0dnwf = rdrd\qEúkd olwpfyg;wkdYtm; odapwwfaom

ukd,ftrIt&m/(2) 0pD0dnwf0pD0dnwf0pD0dnwf0pD0dnwf0pD0dnwf = rdrd\qEúkd olwpfyg;wkdYtm; odapwwfaom

EIwftrIt&m-wkdYjzpfMuonf/

3/ 0dum&½kyf (5)yg;0dum&½kyf (5)yg;0dum&½kyf (5)yg;0dum&½kyf (5)yg;0dum&½kyf (5)yg;0dum&½kyf (5)yg;rSm -(1) v [ k w mv [ k w mv [ k w mv [ k w mv [ k w m = ½kyfwkdY\ ayghyg;jcif;oabm/(2) rk'kwmrk'kwmrk'kwmrk'kwmrk'kwm = ½kyfwkdY\ El;nHhjcif;oabm/(3) ur®nwmur®nwmur®nwmur®nwmur®nwm = ½kyfwkdY\ usef;cHjcif;oabm/(4ç 5) 0dnwf½kyf0dnwf½kyf0dnwf½kyf0dnwf½kyf0dnwf½kyf - wkdYjzpfMuonf/

trSmtrSmtrSmtrSmtrSm / / 0dnwf½kyf (2)yg;rSm- um,0dnwfç 0pD0dnwftjzpfoD;jcm;ygNyD;jzpf onf/

4/ vu©P½kyf (4)yg;vu©P½kyf (4)yg;vu©P½kyf (4)yg;vu©P½kyf (4)yg;vu©P½kyf (4)yg;vu©P½kyf (4)yg;rSm -(1) Oyp,Oyp,Oyp,Oyp,Oyp, = ½kyfwkdY\ tpjzpfjcif;oabm/(2) oEÅwdoEÅwdoEÅwdoEÅwdoEÅwd = ½kyfwkdY\ tpOf rjywfjcif;oabm/(3) Z&wm Z&wm Z&wm Z&wm Z&wm = ½kyfwkdY\ &ifha&mfjcif;oabm/(4) tedpöwm= ½kyfwkdY\ ysufpD;jcif;oabm-wkdYjzpfMuonf/

( 3 )


( 4 )

azmfjyyg½kyf 10-yg;ukd ]]tedyæEé½kyf}}]]tedyæEé½kyf}}]]tedyæEé½kyf}}]]tedyæEé½kyf}}]]tedyæEé½kyf}}[k ac:onf/

edyæEé½kyf (18)yg;? tedyæEé½kyf (10)yg;? aygif; ½kyf (28)yg;jzpfMuonf/xkd½kyf 28-yg;wGif r[mbkwf 4-yg;rSwyg; usef (24)yg;aom ½kyfwkdYukd

r[mbkwf(4)yg;ukd rSDíomjzpfaomaMumifh ]]trSD½kyf(Oyg'g½kyf)}}]]trSD½kyf(Oyg'g½kyf)}}]]trSD½kyf(Oyg'g½kyf)}}]]trSD½kyf(Oyg'g½kyf)}}]]trSD½kyf(Oyg'g½kyf)}}[k ac:onf/

edAÁmef\ oabmt"dyÜg,f

qif;&J'ku©tm;vkH;\ at;Nidrf;&mjzpfaom oabmw&m;ukd ]]edAÁmef}}]]edAÁmef}}]]edAÁmef}}]]edAÁmef}}]]edAÁmef}}[kac:onf/ xkdedAÁmefonf -

1/ aojcif;oabmr&Sd?2/ Oyg'fç XDç bif-[laom tykdif;tjcm;ukd vGefNyD;jzpf\/3/ uHç pdwfç Owkç t[m&-[laom taMumif;w&m;av;yg;

teuf rnfonfhtaMumif;wkdYurQ rjyKjyiftyf/4/ rdrdxufjrwfaom w&m;r&Sd (tjrwfqkH;w&m;jzpf\/)5/ a&mufoifha&muf&ef avsmfuefoifhjrwf xif&Sm;aom "mwf

wpfrsKd;jzpf\/

½kyfESifh emrfcGJjycsuf

y&rw¬w&m;av;yg;wkdYwGif pdwfç apwodufç edAÁmefwkdYonf emrfw&m;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ pdwfESifh apwodufwkdYukdpdwfESifh apwodufwkdYukdpdwfESifh apwodufwkdYukdpdwfESifh apwodufwkdYukdpdwfESifh apwodufwkdYukd tm½kHokdY nGwfwwfí tm½kHukd,lwwfodwwfaomaMumifh emrf[k ac:&\/ edAÁmefukdum;edAÁmefukdum;edAÁmefukdum;edAÁmefukdum;edAÁmefukdum; tm½kHjyKwwfaomw&m;wkdYukd rdrdokdY nGwfapwwfaomaMumifh emrf[k ac:&onf/

a&SUwGif azmfjycJhNyD;aom ½kyf (28)yg;onf ½kyfw&m;rsm; jzpfMuonf/,if;wkdYonf azmufjyefajymif;vJwwfaom oabm&Sd\/


( 5 )

cEm (5)yg;

½kyfç emrfw&m;rsm;ukd ÓPfjzifh pkykHxm;jcif;ukd ]] cEmcEmcEmcEmcEm}}[k ac:onf/xkdcEmonf ½lyu©Emç a0'emu©Emç onmu©Emç ocFg&u©Emç 0dnmPu©Em-[k ig;yg;&Sdonf/ xkdig;yg;wkdYwGif

1/ ½kyf (28)yg;onf ½lyu©Em½lyu©Em½lyu©Em½lyu©Em½lyu©Emrnf\/2/ a0'emapwodufonf a0'emu©Ema0'emu©Ema0'emu©Ema0'emu©Ema0'emu©Emrnf\/3/ onmapwodufonf onmu©Emonmu©Emonmu©Emonmu©Emonmu©E¨m rnf\/4/ a0'emç onmwkdYrS <uif;usefaom apwoduf (50)onf

ocFg&u©EmocFg&u©EmocFg&u©EmocFg&u©EmocFg&u©Emrnf\/5/ pdwftusOf; (89)yg;? tus,f (121)yg;onf 0dnmPu©Em0dnmPu©Em0dnmPu©Em0dnmPu©Em0dnmPu©Em

rnf\/

tm,we (12)yg;

p d w f ç a p w o d u f w k d Y \ j z p f a M u m i f ; w & m ; r s m ; u k d ] ] t m , w et m , w et m , w et m , w et m , w e } } [ kac:onf/ xkdtm,weonf pu©m,weç aomwm,weç Cmem,weçZd0Sg,weç um,m,weç rem,weç ½lyg,weç o'g,weç *Em,weç&om,weç azm|AÁm,weç "r®m,we-[k (12)yg;&Sdonf/

1/ pu©Kyom'½kyfonf pu©m,wepu©m,wepu©m,wepu©m,wepu©m,wernf\/2/ aomwyom'½kyfonf aomwm,weaomwm,weaomwm,weaomwm,weaomwm,wernf\/3/ Cmeyom'½kyfonf Cmem,weCmem,weCmem,weCmem,weCmem,wernf\/4/ Zd0Sgyom'½kyfonf Zd0Sg,weZd0Sg,weZd0Sg,weZd0Sg,weZd0Sg,wernf\/5/ um,yom'½kyfonf um,m,weum,m,weum,m,weum,m,weum,m,wernf\/6/ pdwf (89)yg;onf rem,werem,werem,werem,werem,wernf\/7/ ½lyg½kHonf ½lyg,we½lyg,we½lyg,we½lyg,we½lyg,wernf\/8/ o'´g½kHonf o'g,weo'g,weo'g,weo'g,weo'g,wernf\/9/ *Em½kHonf *Em,wernf\/


( 6 )

10/ &om½kHonf &om,we&om,we&om,we&om,we&om,wernf\/11/ azm|AÁm½kHonf azm|AÁm,weazm|AÁm,weazm|AÁm,weazm|AÁm,weazm|AÁm,wernf\/12/ apwoduf (52)yg;? okckr½kyf (16)yg;? edAÁmefonf "r®m,we"r®m,we"r®m,we"r®m,we"r®m,we

rnf\/rSwfcsufrSwfcsufrSwfcsufrSwfcsufrSwfcsuf / / yom'½kyf (5)yg;? a*gp&½kyf(7)yg;ukd ]]MoVm&du½kyf}}]]MoVm&du½kyf}}]]MoVm&du½kyf}}]]MoVm&du½kyf}}]]MoVm&du½kyf}}[k ac:í

usef½kyf (16)yg;ukd ]]okckr½kyf}}]]okckr½kyf}}]]okckr½kyf}}]]okckr½kyf}}]]okckr½kyf}}[k ac:onf/

"mwf (18)yg;

rdrd\oabmukd aqmifwwfaomw&m;ukd ]] "mw"mw"mw"mw"mw f}}[kac:onf/xkd"mwfonf pu©K"mwfç aomw"mwfç Cme"mwfç Zd0Sg"mwfç um,"mwfç½ly"mwfç o'´"mwfç *E¨"mwfç &o"mwfç azm|AÁ"mwfç pu©K0dnmP"mwfçaomw0dnmP"mwfç Cme0dnmP"mwfç Zd0Sg0dnmP"mwfç um,0dnmP"mwfç raem"mwfç raem0dnmP"mwfç "r®"mwf[k (18)yg;&Sdonf/

1/ pu©Kyom'½kyfonf pu©K"mwfpu©K"mwfpu©K"mwfpu©K"mwfpu©K"mwfrnf\/2/ aomwyom'½kyfonf aomw"mwfaomw"mwfaomw"mwfaomw"mwfaomw"mwfrnf\/3/ Cmeyom'½kyfonf Cme"mwfCme"mwfCme"mwfCme"mwfCme"mwfrnf\/4/ Zd0Sgyom'½kyfonf Zd0Sg"mwfZd0Sg"mwfZd0Sg"mwfZd0Sg"mwfZd0Sg"mwfrnf\/5/ um,yom'½kyfonf um,"mwfum,"mwfum,"mwfum,"mwfum,"mwfrnf\/6/ ½lyg½kHonf ½ly"mwf½ly"mwf½ly"mwf½ly"mwf½ly"mwfrnf\/7/ o'´g½kHonf o'´"mwfo'´"mwfo'´"mwfo'´"mwfo'´"mwfrnf\/8/ *Em½kHonf *E"mwf*E"mwf*E"mwf*E"mwf*E"mwfrnf\/9/ &om½kHonf &o"mwf&o"mwf&o"mwf&o"mwf&o"mwfrnf\/10/ azm|AÁm½kHonf azm|AÁ"mwfazm|AÁ"mwfazm|AÁ"mwfazm|AÁ"mwfazm|AÁ"mwfrnf\/11/ pu©K0dnmPfa'G;onf pu©K0dnmP"mwfpu©K0dnmP"mwfpu©K0dnmP"mwfpu©K0dnmP"mwfpu©K0dnmP"mwfrnf\/12/ aomw0dnmPfa'G;onf aomw0dnmP"mwfaomw0dnmP"mwfaomw0dnmP"mwfaomw0dnmP"mwfaomw0dnmP"mwfrnf\/13/ Cme0dnmPfa'G;onf Cme0dnmP"mwfCme0dnmP"mwfCme0dnmP"mwfCme0dnmP"mwfCme0dnmP"mwfrnf\/14/ Zd0Sg0dnmPfa'G;onf Zd0Sg0dnmP"mwfZd0Sg0dnmP"mwfZd0Sg0dnmP"mwfZd0Sg0dnmP"mwfZd0Sg0dnmP"mwfrnf\/


( 7 )

15/ um,0dnmPfa'G;onf um,0dnmP"mwfum,0dnmP"mwfum,0dnmP"mwfum,0dnmP"mwfum,0dnmP"mwfrnf\/16/ yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;;? orÜ#dpädKif;a'G;onf raem"mwfraem"mwfraem"mwfraem"mwfraem"mwfrnf\/17/ a'G;yÍö0dnmOf (10)? yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;? orÜ#dpädKif;a'G;wkdYrS wpfyg;

usefpdwf (76)yg;onf raem0dnmP"mwfraem0dnmP"mwfraem0dnmP"mwfraem0dnmP"mwfraem0dnmP"mwfrnf\/18/ apwoduf (52)yg;? okckr½kyf (16)yg;? edAÁmefonf "r®"mwf"r®"mwf"r®"mwf"r®"mwf"r®"mwf

rnf\/

opöm (4)yg;

t j r J r S e f u e f a o m w & m ; u k d ] ] o p ö m } }] ] o p ö m } }] ] o p ö m } }] ] o p ö m } }] ] o p ö m } } [ k a c : o n f / x k d o p ö m w & m ;av;yg;ukd t&d,molawmfpifyk*¾dKvfrsm;om odtyfaomaMumifh t&d,opöm-[kvnf; ac:&ayonf/ xkdopömonf 'ku©opömç ork',opömç eda&m"opömçr*¾opöm[k av;yg;&Sdonf/

1/ avmuDpdwf (81)? avmbMunfaom apwoduf (51)? ½kyf(28)yg;onf 'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opömrnf\/

2/ avmbapwodufonf ork',opömork',opömork',opömork',opömork',opömrnf\/3/ edAÁmefonf eda&m"opömeda&m"opömeda&m"opömeda&m"opömeda&m"opömrnf\/4/ r*fpdwfav;yg;ü&Sdaom r*¾if&Spfyg;onf r*¾opömr*¾opömr*¾opömr*¾opömr*¾opömrnf\/

rSwfcsuf/ / þü r*¾if&Spfyg;[lonfum; or®m'd|d? or®mouFyÜ? or®m0gpm? or®mur®EÅ? or®mtmZD0? or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d- wnf;/

ukokdvfuHESifh tukokdvfuH

ukokdvfuH

uHonf aumif;uHç qkd;uH = ukokdvfuHç tukokdvfuH-[lí ESpfrsKd;& S d o n f / u k o k d v f u H o n f u m r m 0 p & u k o k d v f u H ? ½ l y g 0 p & u k o k d v f u H ?t ½ l y g 0 p & u k o k d v f u H ? a v m u k w å & m u k o k d v f u H - [ l í a v ; r s K d ; & S d o n f /


( 8 )

umrm0p&ukokdvfuHonf umrbkHwkdYü tusKd;ay;\/ ½lyg0p&ukokdvfuHo n f ½ l l y j A [ ® m b k H w k d Y ü t u s K d ; a y ; \ / t ½ l y g 0 p & u k o k d v f u H o n f t ½ l l yjA[®mbkHwkdYü tusKd;ay;onf/ psmeftiftm;tvkduf xkdxkdjA[®mbkHü tusKd;ay;\/ avmukwå&mukokdvfuHonf avmukwå&mzkdvftusKd;ukd ay;\/ÓPfpGrf;t& cHpm;&aom tusKd;w&m;jzpf\/

umrm0p&ukokdvfuHonf um,uH 3-yg;? 0pDuH 4-yg;? raemuH3-yg;tm;jzifh 10-yg;&Sdonf/ xkd (10)yg;ukd aumif;aom tusifhrsm;jzpfí

]]]]]]]]]]okp½kduokp½kduokp½kduokp½kduokp½kduf}}f}}f}}f}}f}}[k ac:onf/ ukokdvf[lonf tjypfr&Sdjcif;? aumif;aom tusKd;ukday;jcif;oabm&Sd\/ aumif;aomukd,frIç EIwfrIç pdwfrIwkdYjzpfí okp½kdufw&m;q,fyg;onf vljynfhç ewfjynf ok*wdb0rsm;okdY a&mufapwwfaom vrf;c & D ; a u m i f ; j z p f a o m a M u m i f h ] ]] ]] ]] ]] ] u k o v u r ® y x w & m ; 1 0 - y g ;u k o v u r ® y x w & m ; 1 0 - y g ;u k o v u r ® y x w & m ; 1 0 - y g ;u k o v u r ® y x w & m ; 1 0 - y g ;u k o v u r ® y x w & m ; 1 0 - y g ; } }} }} }} }} } [ k v n f ;ac:onf/ ukokdvfuHwkdYwGif or®m'd|dac: t,lrSefrI? uHç uH\tusKd;ukd,kHMunfrI raemuHonf ta&;tBuD;qkH;tajccHuH jzpfonf/

tukokdvfuH

tukokdvfuHonfvnf; um,uH 3-yg;? 0pDuH 4-yg;? raemuH 3-yg; 3-yg;tm;jzifh 10-yg;&Sdonf/ tukokdvf[lonf tjypf&Sdjcif;? raumif;aomtusKd;ukd ay;jcif;oabm&Sd\/ raumif;aom ukd,frIç EIwfrIç pdwfrIwkdYjzpfí]] 'kp½kdufw&m;rsm;'kp½kdufw&m;rsm;'kp½kdufw&m;rsm;'kp½kdufw&m;rsm;'kp½kdufw&m;rsm;}}[kvnf; ac:qkdMuonf/ xkd'kp½kdufw&m;q,fyg;wkdYonfi&Jç wd&pämefç Nydwåmç tok&um,f-[laom tyg,fav;yg;odkY a&mufapwwfaom vrf;c&D;jzpfaomaMumifh ]] tukovur®yxw&m; 10-yg;tukovur®yxw&m; 10-yg;tukovur®yxw&m; 10-yg;tukovur®yxw&m; 10-yg;tukovur®yxw&m; 10-yg;}}[kvnf;ac:onf/

xkdtukokdvfuHonf tyg,f (4)bkHwkdYü usa&mufapí raumif;usKd;rsm;ukd &&SdcHpm;apwwfonf/


( 9 )

uH-\ pDrHcefYcGJrI

avmu (3)yg;avmu (3)yg;avmu (3)yg;avmu (3)yg;avmu (3)yg;

ysufysufaeaom oabmw&m;rsm;ukd avmuavmuavmuavmuavmu-[k ac:onf/xkdavmuonf -

1/ M o u m o a v m u2/ owåavmu3/ ocFg&avmu-[k (3)yg;&Sdonf/

(1) MoumoavmuMoumoavmuMoumoavmuMoumoavmuMoumoavmu

owå0gwkdY\ ae&mbkHXmeonf MoumoavmuMoumoavmuMoumoavmuMoumoavmuMoumoavmu-rnf\/xkdMoumoavmuonf -

(1) umr 11-bkH(2) ½ly 16-bkH(3) t½ly 4-bkHtm;jzifh (31)bkH&Sdygonf/

umr (11)bkH-[lonf tyg,f (4)bkH? umrok*wd (7)bkHwkdYjzpfygonf/

tyg,f (4)bkH

csrf;omuif;aom bkHrsm;ukd ]] tyg,fbkHtyg,fbkHtyg,fbkHtyg,fbkHtyg,fbkH}}[k ac:onf/ xkdtyg,fbkHonf i&JbkH? wd&pämefbkH? NydwåmbkH? tok&um,fbkH[k (4)rsKd;&Sdonf/

i&JbkH

i&JbkH = csrf;om[lí jrLwpfaphrQ r&SdaombkH/

i&JBuD; (8)xyf

1/ oÍÆD0i&JoÍÆD0i&JoÍÆD0i&JoÍÆD0i&JoÍÆD0i&J = aovkdufç &Sifvkdufjzifh tBudrfBudrftxyfxyf ESpfaygif;rsm; pGm cHpm;&aom i&Jjzpfonf/


( 10 )

uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm; = owå0gwkdYtm; tEkdiftxuf zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f ESdyfpufwwfaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;? ESdyfpufn§Of;qJowfjzwfwwfaom ckd;om;"m;jyvlqkdrsm; uscHMu&onf/

2/ umVokwåi&J umVokwåi&J umVokwåi&J umVokwåi&J umVokwåi&J = rnf;eufaom tqif;&Sdonfh oHylrsOf;BudK;wkdYjzifh 4-ajr§mifh? 6-ajr§mifh? 8-ajr§mifhponfrsOf;qGJNyD; opfwkH;ukd a&GouJhokdY ta&GcH&aom i&Jjzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm; = olwpfyg;tm; n§Of;qJESdyfpufwwfaom vlowfç axmifrSL;çt&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm;? oDvysuftusifhrJh &[ef;rsm;uscHMu&onf/

3/ oCFmwi&JoCFmwi&JoCFmwi&JoCFmwi&JoCFmwi&J = ylavmifaom oHawmifBuD; 4-vkH;wkdYjzifh av;bufn§yf í Budwfajcn§yfowfcH&aom i&Jjzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm; = qifç jrif;ç uRJç em;ponfh owå0gwkdYtm; n§Of;qJESdyfpufwwfaom qifxdef;ç jrif;xdef;ç EGm;xdef;wkdY uscHMu&onf/

4/ a&m½k0i&Ja&m½k0i&Ja&m½k0i&Ja&m½k0i&Ja&m½k0i&J = tvGefylavmifaom oHrD;usD;cJ rD;vQHwkdYjzifh 'Gg& ukd;ayguf wkdYrS pkjyKH0ifazmufum avmifuRrf;cH&olwkdY atmf[pfikda<u; oH qlnHaeaom i&Jjzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm; = awmrD;½IdUol? a&owå0gwkdYtm; ESdyfpufowfjzwfol wHigonf?ukef;owå0gwkdYtm; ESdyfpufowfjzwfol awmvkdufrkqkd;ç iSufrkqkd;wkdY uscHMu&onf/

5/ r[ma&m½k0r[ma&m½k0r[ma&m½k0r[ma&m½k0r[ma&m½k0 = ylç iefç pyf tckd;taiGUwkdYjzifh jyif;xefpGm avmifuRrf; uRrf;cH&aom a&m½k0xuf ykdrkdjyif;xefcHpm;&aom i&Jjzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm; uscH&olrsm; uscH&olrsm; uscH&olrsm; uscH&olrsm; = rdbç q&morm;ESifh oDv&SdolwkdY\ ypönf;b@mrsm;ukd ckd;,l?uJh0Suf,liifokH;pGJolwkdY uscHMu&onf/


( 11 )

6/ wmyei&Jwmyei&Jwmyei&Jwmyei&Jwmyei&J = tvQHnD;nD; oHrPdrD;wkdYjzifh tylwkdufay;í txufyg i&JwkdYxuf ykdrkdNyD; qif;&JcH&aom i&Jjzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm; = trsm;rSDckdaexkdif&m wkdufwm? tdrf? a&wGif;? Z&yfwefaqmif;?r@yfponf rD;½IdUzsufqD;NzdKcGif;jcif;? owå0gwkdYtm; oem;n§mwmrIuif;um rD;Nrd§Kufjcif;? rD;avmifwkdufoGif;jcif; jyKvkyfolwkdY uscH&onf/

7/ r[mwmyei&Jr[mwmyei&Jr[mwmyei&Jr[mwmyei&Jr[mwmyei&J = wmyei&Jxuf ykdrkdvGefuJpGm qif;&JcH&aom i&J jzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm; = avmukwå&m"r®rsm; rSm;,Gif;ysufjy,fapatmif? rdpäm'd|d (t,lrSm;)okdY a&mufatmif vrf;ñTefjyol t"r®0g'Drsm;/

8/ t0Dpdi&J = rD;vQH? 'ku©a0'em? cH&olowå0g 3-rsKd;wkdY tMum;tv,f r&Sd jynfhusyfvsuf&Sdaom i&Jjzpfonf/

uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm;uscH&olrsm; = trdowfol? tzowfol? &[EÅmowfol? oHCmukd uGJatmifvkyfol? bk&m;ukd aoG;pdrf;wnfatmif vkyfolwkdY uscHMu&onf/

wd&pämefbkH

wd&pämefbkHqkdonfrSm bkHoDjcm;r&Sd? ¤if;wkdY\ cEmukd,fonfyifvQifbkHjzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf ¤if;wkdY\ pka0;aexkdif&m Xmeonf bkHjzpfonf/ zDvmuefYvefYoGm;wwfaomaMumifh ]] wd&pämefwd&pämefwd&pämefwd&pämefwd&pämef}}[k ac:onf/

NydwåmbkH

NydwåmbkHqkdonfrSm oD;jcm;uefYowf owfrSwfxm;aom t&yfa'or&Sd? wpfenf;tm;jzifh ¤if;wkdY usifvnfusufpm;&m awmç awmifç ork'&mç


( 12 )

yifv,furf;ajcponfh t&yfa'orsm;ukdyif ]]NydwåmbkHNydwåmbkHNydwåmbkHNydwåmbkHNydwåmbkH}}[k ac:onf/NydwåmtrsKd;tpm; rsm;pGm&SdonfhtwGuf okwfygax,svm rSwfom;

p&m Nydwåm (4)rsKd;rSm - (1) y&'wåLyZD0du Nydwåmy&'wåLyZD0du Nydwåmy&'wåLyZD0du Nydwåmy&'wåLyZD0du Nydwåmy&'wåLyZD0du Nydwåm - (olwpfyg;wkdY pGefYMuJaom tpmukd pm;&aom

Nydwåm) (2) ckyÜdygoduNydwåmckyÜdygoduNydwåmckyÜdygoduNydwåmckyÜdygoduNydwåmckyÜdygoduNydwåm - (tpmiwf? a&iwfcH&aom Nydwåm) (3) edZÑmrwPSduNydwåmedZÑmrwPSduNydwåmedZÑmrwPSduNydwåmedZÑmrwPSduNydwåmedZÑmrwPSduNydwåm - (cEmukd,fwpfukd,fvkH; rD;vQHavmifuRrf;cH&

aom Nydwåm) (4) umvuÍöDuNydwåmumvuÍöDuNydwåmumvuÍöDuNydwåmumvuÍöDuNydwåmumvuÍöDuNydwåm - (tom;ç taoG; ajcmufcef;onfh Nydwåm)wkdY

jzpfonf/

tok&um,fbkH

tok&um,fqkdonfrSm bkHoD;jcm;r&Sd? ¤if;wkdY usufpm;&ma'orsm;onfyif ]] tok&um,fbkHtok&um,fbkHtok&um,fbkHtok&um,fbkHtok&um,fbkH}}jzpfonf/

tok&um,fESpfrsKd;rSm -(1) ewftok&m(2) NydwåmrsKd;tok&mwkdYjzpfonf/

umrok*wd 7-bkH

a u m i f ; r I & S d o l w d k Y v m a & m u f í p n f ; p d r f ; c s r f ; o m r s m ; u k d c H p m ; & mumrbkHukd ]] umrok*wdbkHumrok*wdbkHumrok*wdbkHumrok*wdbkHumrok*wdbkH}}[k ac:onf/ (1) vlUbvlUbvlUbvlUbvlUbkH = vlwdkY\ ae&mbkH/ (2) pmwkr[m&mZfbkHpmwkr[m&mZfbkHpmwkr[m&mZfbkHpmwkr[m&mZfbkHpmwkr[m&mZfbkH = "w&|ç 0d½lVuç 0d½lyu©ç uka0&-[k qkdtyfaom

ewfrif;BuD;av;yg;wkdY\ ae&mbkH/ (3) wm0wðombkHwm0wðombkHwm0wðombkHwm0wðombkHwm0wðombkH = rmCvkvifESifh ukokdvfjyKzwf 33-OD;wkdY\ ae&mbkH/ (4) ,mrmbkH ,mrmbkH ,mrmbkH ,mrmbkH ,mrmbkH = qif;&J'ku©rS uif;aom ewfwkdY\ ae&mbkH/


( 13 )

(5) wkodwmbwkodwmbwkodwmbwkodwmbwkodwmbkH = rdrd\ pnf;pdrfusufoa&wkdYukd ESpfoufwwfaom ewf ewfwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(6) edr®me&wDbkH edr®me&wDbkH edr®me&wDbkH edr®me&wDbkH edr®me&wDbkH = udk,fwkdifzefqif;xm;aom pnf;pdrfwkdYjzifh arGUavsmfwwf aom ewfwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(7) y&edr®dw0o0wåDbkH y&edr®dw0o0wåDbkH y&edr®dw0o0wåDbkH y&edr®dw0o0wåDbkH y&edr®dw0o0wåDbkH = olrsm;zefqif;ay;aom pnf;pdrfukd rdrdtvkdqE twkdif;jzpfapEkdifaom ewfwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

þumrok*wd (7)bkHwGif eHygwf (1)vlUbkHrSwpfyg; usef (6)bkHukdewfwkdY\ ae&mjzpfí ewfjynf (6)xyf[k ac:onf/

½ly (16)bkH

½ l y u k o k d v f p s m e f & o l w k d Y \ a & m u f & m j z p f a o m a M u m i f h ½ l y b k H - [ kac:onf/ xkd½lybkHonf (16)bkH&Sdonf/

yxrpsmef (3)bkH

(1) jA[®yg&doZÆmbkH jA[®yg&doZÆmbkH jA[®yg&doZÆmbkH jA[®yg&doZÆmbkH jA[®yg&doZÆmbkH = r[mjA[®mwkdY\ y&dowfjzpfaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(2) jA[®yka&m[dwmbkH jA[®yka&m[dwmbkH jA[®yka&m[dwmbkH jA[®yka&m[dwmbkH jA[®yka&m[dwmbkH = r[mjA[®mwkdY\ rSL;BuD;rwf&myka&m[dwfjA[®m wkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(3) r[mjA[®mbkHr[mjA[®mbkHr[mjA[®mbkHr[mjA[®mbkHr[mjA[®mbkH = MuD;jrwfukefaom (r[m)jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

'kwd,psmef (3)bkH

(4) y&dwåmbmbkH y&dwåmbmbkH y&dwåmbmbkH y&dwåmbmbkH y&dwåmbmbkH = ukd,fa&mifudk,f0genf;aomjA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/ (5) tyÜrmPmbmbkH tyÜrmPmbmbkH tyÜrmPmbmbkH tyÜrmPmbmbkH tyÜrmPmbmbkH = ukd,fa&mifukd,f0grsm;aom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/ (6) tmbó&mbtmbó&mbtmbó&mbtmbó&mbtmbó&mbkH = NydK;NydK;jyufjyufwvufvufxGufonfhukd,fa&mif

ukd,f0g&Sdaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/


( 14 )

wwd,psmef (3)bkH (7) y&dwåokbmbkH y&dwåokbmbkH y&dwåokbmbkH y&dwåokbmbkH y&dwåokbmbkH = enf;yg;aomfvnf; wcJeufawmufyaom ukd,f

a&mifukd,f0g&Sdonfh jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/ (8) tyÜrmPokbmbkH tyÜrmPokbmbkH tyÜrmPokbmbkH tyÜrmPokbmbkH tyÜrmPokbmbkH = rsm;jym;í wcJeufawmufyaom ukd,fa&mif

ukd,f0g&Sdonfh jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/ (9) okbudPSmbkH okbudPSmbkH okbudPSmbkH okbudPSmbkH okbudPSmbkH = wcJeufaom ukd,fa&mifukd,f0gwkdYjzifh a&m,Suf

aeonfh jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

pwkw¬psmef (7)bkH

(10) a0[yædKvfbkHa0[yædKvfbkHa0[yædKvfbkHa0[yædKvfbkHa0[yædKvfbkH = BuD;us,fjyefYajymonfh tusKd;&Sdaom jA[®mwkdY\ae&mbkH/

(11) tonowfbkHtonowfbkHtonowfbkHtonowfbkHtonowfbkH = onm-paom emrfcEmr&Sd? ½kyfcEmoufouf&Sd aom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

- ok'g0gobkH ok'g0gobkH ok'g0gobkH ok'g0gobkH ok'g0gobkH = tvGefpifMu,faom tem*grfç &[EÅmjA[®mwkdY\ae&mok'g0gobkH/

ok'g0go (5)bkH

(12) t0d[mbkH t0d[mbkH t0d[mbkH t0d[mbkH t0d[mbkH = tcsdeftenf;i,frQyif rdrdbkHXmeukd rpGefYcGgaom jA[®m wkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(13) twyÜgbkH twyÜgbkH twyÜgbkH twyÜgbkH twyÜgbkH = wpfpkHwpfcktaMumif;aMumifhrQ pdwfylyefrIr&Sdaom jA[®m wkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(14) ok'ómbHk ok'ómbHk ok'ómbHk ok'ómbHk ok'ómbHk = tvGefwifhw,faom ta&miftqif;&SdaomaMumifh½IMunfhcsifp&m tvGefaumif;aom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(15) ok'óDbkH ok'óDbkH ok'óDbkH ok'óDbkH ok'óDbkH = tvGefpifMu,faom rsufpdESifh jynfhpkHonfjzpfí vGefuJ xl;jcm;pGm jrifpGrf;Ekdifaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(16) tued|mbkH tued|mbkH tued|mbkH tued|mbkH tued|mbkH = ½lyjA[®mtm;vkH;xuf pnf;pdrftm;jzihf tBuD;us,fqkH;tjrifhjrwfqkH;jzpfaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/


( 15 )

t½ly (4)bkH

t½lyukokdvfpsmef&olwkdY a&muf&mjzpfaomaMumifh t½lybkH-t½lybkH-t½lybkH-t½lybkH-t½lybkH-[kac:onf/ xkdt½lybkHonf - (1) tmumomeÍöm,webkH tmumomeÍöm,webkH tmumomeÍöm,webkH tmumomeÍöm,webkH tmumomeÍöm,webkH = ½kyfcEmr&Sd? tmumomeÍöm,we0dyguf

pdwfapwoduf[laom emrfcEmav;yg; om&Sdaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(2) 0dnmPÍöm,webkH 0dnmPÍöm,webkH 0dnmPÍöm,webkH 0dnmPÍöm,webkH 0dnmPÍöm,webkH = ½kyfcEmr&Sd? 0dnmPÍöm,we0dygufpdwfç apapwoduf-[laom emrfcEmav;yg;om&Sdaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(3) tmudÍönm,webkH tmudÍönm,webkH tmudÍönm,webkH tmudÍönm,webkH tmudÍönm,webkH = ½kyfcEmr&Sd? tmudÍönm,we0dygufpdwfç apwoduf[laom emrfcE¨mav;yg;om&Sd aom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkH/

(4) ae0onmemonm,webkH ae0onmemonm,webkH ae0onmemonm,webkH ae0onmemonm,webkH ae0onmemonm,webkH = ½kyfcEmr&Sd? ae0onmemonm,w e0dygufpdwfç apwoduf[laom emrfcEm av;yg;om&Sdaom jA[®mwkdY\ ae&mbkHtm; jzifh (4)bkHjzpfygonf/

{ua0gum&ç pwka0gum&ç yÍöa0gum&bkHrsm;

þokdY qkdcJhNyD;aom bkHwkdYwGif - (1) tonowfbkHonf ½lyu©Em[laom cEmwpfyg;om&SdaomaMumifh

{ua0gum&bkH{ua0gum&bkH{ua0gum&bkH{ua0gum&bkH{ua0gum&bkHrnf\/ ({u = wpfyg; + a0gum& = cE¨m) (2) t½ly (4)bkHonf emrfcEmav;yg;om &SdaomaMumifh pwka0gum&pwka0gum&pwka0gum&pwka0gum&pwka0gum&

bkHbkHbkHbkHbkHrnf\/ (pwk = av;yg; + a0gum& = cE¨m) (3) umr (11)bkH? tonowfMuOfaom ½ly (15)bkHtm;jzifh (26)bkH

onf cEmig;yg;vkH;&SdaomaMumifh yÍöa0gum&bkHyÍöa0gum&bkHyÍöa0gum&bkHyÍöa0gum&bkHyÍöa0gum&bkHrnf\/


( 16 )

þodkYtm;jzifh -(1) umr (11)bkH(2) ½ly (16)bkH(3) t½ly ( 4 ) b k H p k p k a y g i f ; ( 3 1 ) b k H u k d M o u m o a v m u - [ k

ac:onf/

owåavmu

vlç ewfç jA[®mç i&Jç wd&pämefç Nydwåmç tok&um,f-[laom yk*¾dKvfowå0gtaygif;onf ]] owåavmuowåavmuowåavmuowåavmuowåavmu}}rnf\/

xkdowå0gwkdYonf trsKd;tpm;tm;jzifh -(u) ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvf (4)rsKd;(c) t&d,myk*¾dKvf (8)rsKd;tm;jzifh (12)rsKd;&Sdonf/

ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvf (4)rsKd;

(1) 'k*¾wdt[dwfyk*¾dKv'k*¾wdt[dwfyk*¾dKv'k*¾wdt[dwfyk*¾dKv'k*¾wdt[dwfyk*¾dKv'k*¾wdt[dwfyk*¾dKvff ff f = raumif;rI'kp½kdufwkdYukd jyKvkyfcJhaomaMumifh xkd tukokdvfuHwkdY\ tusKd;jzpfaom t[dwftuk ov0dyguf Oayu©moEÅD&Ppdwfjzifh y#doaEae aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfonf/ xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;um; i&Jç wd&pämefç Nydwåmç tok&um,f[laom tyg,fbkH om; owå0grsm;wnf;/

(2) ok*wdt[dwfyk*¾dKvf ok*wdt[dwfyk*¾dKvf ok*wdt[dwfyk*¾dKvf ok*wdt[dwfyk*¾dKvf ok*wdt[dwfyk*¾dKvf = ukokdvfjyKpOftcgu ÓPfvnf;ryg? a&SUaemuf tukokdvfjcH&Hívnf;jyKcJhaom tnHhpm;ukokdvf wkdYaMumifhjzpfaom t[dwfukov0dyguf Oay u©moEÅD&Ppdwfjzifh y#doaEaeaom yk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfonf/ xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;um; a0rmeduewfNydwåm? bkr®pkd;? ½ku©pkd;? 0rf;wGif;uef;? t? qGHU? t½l;? Ob


( 17 )

awmAsnf;? eykef;y@Kufpaom yk*¾dKvfwkdYESifh ZD0dw e0uuvmyf½kyfjzifh y#doaEaeaom tonowf jA[®mwkdYwnf;/

(3) 'Gd[dwfyk*¾dKvf 'Gd[dwfyk*¾dKvf 'Gd[dwfyk*¾dKvf 'Gd[dwfyk*¾dKvf 'Gd[dwfyk*¾dKvf = tarm[[laom ÓPfynmrygbJ tavmbç t a'go-[laom [dwfESpfyg;jzifhom y#doaEaeaom yk*¾dKvf/

(4) wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf = tavmbç ta'goç tarm[-[laom (ÓPfynmygaom) [dwfokH;yg;jzifh y#doaEaeaom yk*¾dKvf/w&m;tm;xkwfonfhtcg psmefç r*fç zkdvf&Ekdifavmufatmif ÓPfxufjrufaom yk*¾dKvfwkdYwnf;/

t&d,myk*¾dKvf (8)a,muf

(1) aomwmywådr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf = aomwmywådr*f&qJyk*¾dKvf/ (2) ou'g*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf = ou'g*grdr*f &qJyk*¾dKvf/ (3) tem*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvftem*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvftem*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvftem*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvftem*grdr*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf = tem*grdr*f &qJyk*¾dKvf/ (4) t&[wår*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf t&[wår*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf t&[wår*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf t&[wår*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf t&[wår*¾|mefyk*¾dKvf = t&[wår*f &qJyk*¾dKvf/ (5) aomwmywådzv|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådzv|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådzv|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådzv|mefyk*¾dKvf aomwmywådzv|mefyk*¾dKvf = aomwmywådzkdvf &NyD;aom (aomwm

yef) yk*¾dKvf/ (6) ou'g*grdvz|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdvz|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdvz|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdvz|mefyk*¾dKvf ou'g*grdvz|mefyk*¾dKvf = ou'g*grdzkdvf&NyD;aom (ou'g*grf)

yk*¾dKvf/ (7) tem*grdzv|mefyk*¾dKvf tem*grdzv|mefyk*¾dKvf tem*grdzv|mefyk*¾dKvf tem*grdzv|mefyk*¾dKvf tem*grdzv|mefyk*¾dKvf = tem*grdzkdvf&NyD;aom (tem*grf)yk*¾dKvf/ (8) t&[wåzv|mefyk*¾dKvft&[wåzv|mefyk*¾dKvft&[wåzv|mefyk*¾dKvft&[wåzv|mefyk*¾dKvft&[wåzv|mefyk*¾dKvf = t&[wåzkdvf&NyD;aom (&[EÅm)yk*¾dKvf/

ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvf (4)a,mufwGif aemufqkH;jzpfaom wd[dwfykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfESifh t&d,myk*¾dKvf (8)a,muftm;jzifh (9)a,mufaomyk*¾dKvfwkdYukdom tavmbçta'goç tarm[-[laom [dwfokH;yg;ESifh y#doaEaeaomaMumifh wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf-[k ac:onf/


( 18 )

t&d,myk*¾dKvf (8)a,mufwGifvnf; aou©yk*¾dKvfç taou©yk*¾dKvf-[lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ (u) aou© aou© aou© aou© aou© = oDvç orm"dç ynm odu©m 3-yg;ukd usifhqJjzpfaom t&[

wåzv|mefyk*¾dKvfrS wyg; useft&d,myk*¾dKvf (7)a,mufonf aou©yk*¾dK vfjzpfonf/

(c) taou©taou©taou©taou©taou© = oDvç orm"dç ynm odu©m 3-okH;yg;ukd usifhqJjzpfaom t&[wåzv|mefonf taou©yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ þ yk*¾dKvfukd ]]taou©}}tjyif ]]&[EÅm}}[kvnf; ac:onf/

þodkYtm;jzifh -(u) ykxkZOf (4)a,muf(c) t&d,m (8)a,muftm;jzifh (12)a,mufaom yk*¾dKvf

rsm;ukd owåavmu-[k ac:onf/

(3) ocFg&avmu

cPcPysufwwfç tNyD;wkdif ysufwwfaom oabm&SdonfjzpfíbkHokH;yg;ü jzpfaom (awblru)½kyfç emrfw&m;wkdYonf ocFg&avmurnf\/

= = = = = = = = = = = =

aemufqufwGJNyD;\/


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Abidhamma (Singapore 2 ) - · PDF file . ½kyf\ oabmt"dyÜg,f yjl ci;f at;jci;f -paom qeuY f sibf utf aMumi;f rsm;aMumi h f ajymi;