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8/11/2019 Abhi Ppt on Recorders
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Recorders
Prepared by -:SANJAY VERMA
RAJESH KUMAR
ABHISHEK KUMAR MISHRA
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
Mr. RAM MURAT SINGH
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Recorders
Definitation -: It gives graphicalrecord of history of measurements ofsome physical events.
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Necessity of Recorders
To have a permanent record forinvestigation.
Recorder record electrical and non-electrical quantities as a function oftime.
Electrical quantities such as voltage,
current can be recorded directly
Non-electrical quantities recordedindirectly using transducers.
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Classification of Recorders
Recorders
Analog Recorders It is used whenwhole system is analog type.
Digital Recorders It is used whensystem has a digital output
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Analog Recorder
Graphic Recorder :It display & store apen and ink record of the history of somephysical event.
Oscillographic Recorder (UV Recorder)-:This recorder uses UV light as a source &paper sensitive to UV light is used forrecording
Magnetic Tape Recorder :In thiselectrical input signal is stored in magneticmemory & this signal can be reproducedwhenever desired
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Graphic Recorder
Strip Chart Recorder -:It recordsone or more variable with respect totime. It is an X-t recorder.
X-Y Recorder -:It records one ormore dependent variable with respectto an independent variable
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Strip Chart Recorder
Galvanometer Type Recorder -:Itoperate on galvanometer deflectionprinciple.
Null Type Recorder -: It operateson comparison principle.
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Null Type Recorder
Potentiometric Type Recorder
Bridge Recorder
LVDT Recorder
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Types of Recorder(according to Points)
Single Point Recorder -:It recordonly one measured variable, it drawsingle continuous curve.
Multipoint Recorder -:It recordmore than one variable upto six
variable. It has maximum four pens,it has maximum 24 inputs, it hasmax. 6 colors
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X-Y Recorder(Plotter)
Definition X-Y recorder is an inst.Which gives a graphic record ofrelationship b/w two variables
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First Method First variable control theposition of the roll(paper)in Y-directionwhile second variable control the position
of the recording pen(stylus) in X-direction
Second Method First variable movesthe stylus in X-direction while another
variable moves stylus in Y-direction atright to X-direction, here paper remainstationary
Method of operation of XY-Plotter
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X-Y Recorder
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X-Y Recorder Features
It have sensitivity of 10v/mm
Slewing speed of 1.5m/sec.
Frequency response about 6Hz forboth axis
Chart size is 250*180mm
Accuracy is about 0.3%
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Applications
Plotting the curves of vaccum tube,zener diode, rectifiers etc
Speed torque curves of motors
Resistance vs temp graph
Mechanical measurements
Regulation curves of power supply
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XY recorder
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XY recorder
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Galvanometer type
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Magnetic Recorders
ByMr. Rajesh Kumar Goyal
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Magnetic Recorder
A magnetic Recorder is used torecord data from electrical to
magnetic form and retrieved orreproduced the same data inelectrical form again and again
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Magnetic Recorders
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Type of magnetic Recorders
There are two types of magneticrecorders
Magnetic tape recorders Magnetic disk recorders
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Features
It have a wide frequency range fromDC to several MHz
It have wide magnitude upto 50 db It have low distortion
It stores electrical i/p signals inmagnetic form
It reproduce signal from magneticform to electrical signal
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Features cntd.
Magnetic tape/disk can be used to erase olddata and reused to record new set of data
It permits multi channel recording
Data may be recorded as fast as speed of(1.5 to 3.05 m/sec)
Data can be retrieved as low as speed of(4.76 to 2.38 cm/sec)
Both analog as well as digital signals can berecord.
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Basic Components of magneticTape/disk Recorder
Recording Head-
The construction ofmagnetic head is similar to
that of a transformerhaving a toroidal core witha coil. A fine air gap oflength 5-15 micro meter is
shunted by passing amagnetic tape/disk
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Component cntd.
Magnetic Tape/disk
Magnetic tape/disk is composed of a
coating of fine magnetic iron oxideparticles (Fe2O3)on a plasticribbon/disk. A typical tape is 12.7mm wide and 25.micro meter thick.
The magnetic particles conform tomagnetic pattern induced in themand retain it.
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Component cntd.
Reproducing Head-
The reproducing head detects the
magnetic pattern stored on thetape/disk and converts it back tooriginal electrical signal. Thereproducing head is similar in
appearance to that of a recordinghead.
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Component cntd.
Tape/disk Transport Mechanism-
This mechanism moves the tape along the recordingor the reproducing heads at a constant speed. The
tape mechanism must be capable of handling thetape/disk during various modes of operation withoutstraining, distorting or wearing the tape. Thisrequires that the mechanism must use arrangementsto guide the tape/disk to magnetic heads with great
precision, maintaining proper tension and obtainsufficient tape/disk to magnetic head contact.Arrangement for fast winding and reversing are alsoprovided.
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Tape transport mechanism
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Component cntd.
Signal Conditioning Devices-
These devices consist of amplifiers andfilters required for modifying thesignal to a format that can berecorded on a tape/disk, reproduceddata from the tape/disk
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Working of magnetic recorders
When Magnetic Tape/disk is passed through a recordinghead, A recording current in the coil causes a flux of thesame shape to bridge air gap and hence to pass throughmagnetic tape/disk, there by magnetizing the iron oxide
particles as the pass the gap. The state of magnetizationof the oxide as it leaves the air gap is retained, thus theactual recording takes place at the trailing edge of thegap.
The same tape/disk when passed through a reproduce or
playback head produce variations in reluctance of thewinding there by inducing a voltage in the windingdependent upon the direction of magnetization and itsmagnitude on the magnetic tape/disk.
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Methods of recording
Direct recording
Frequency modulated recording (FMRecording)
Pulse duration modulation (PDM)Recording)
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Direct recording
It is simplest method of recording,usually required one tape/disk track
for each channel. The signal to berecorded is amplified and mixed with ahigh frequency bias and fed directly tothe recording head as a varying
electric current.
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Frequency modulatedrecording (FM Recording)
Frequency modulation (FM) as thename implies uses the variation offrequency of carrier signal to carry
the desired information instead ofvarying amplitude
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Pulse duration modulation(PDM) Recording)
Pulse duration modulation method ofrecording is allow simultaneousrecording of large no. of slowlychanging signals by using time divisionmultiplexing (TDM)
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Applications
In Instrumentation systems
In Banking sector
In Music Industries etc.
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Ultraviolet Recorder
By-:Abhishek Kumar Mishra
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Ultraviolet Recorder
Ultraviolet Recorders are basicallyelectromechanical oscillographicrecorder
This is a modified version of Duddelsmultichannel oscillographs
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Ultraviolet Recorder
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Ultraviolet Recorder
This recorder consist of no. of galvanometer(moving coil) elements mounted in a singlemagnet block which reduce the size and cost
In place of white light UV light is used as asource
A paper sensitive to UV light is used forproducing a trace for recording
The UV light is projected on paper with thehelp of mirror attached to the moving coil
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Applications
Used for signal dc & ac signal havingfundamental frequency upto 400 to500 Hz
Recording of high frequency i/p ispossible if recorder with high paperspeed of about 10 m/sec are available
It is widely used as recorder forresearch and industry
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Strip Chart Recorder
It records one or more variable withrespect to time.
It is an X variable with respect to timerecorder
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Strip Chart Recorder
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Strip Chart Recorder
It consist of a long role of graphpaper moving vertically
The speed selector of paper drivingsystem is available with 1 to 100mm/sec select manually
Stylus for marking is moving on
graph paper, horizontally proportionalto quantity being recorded
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Components of Strip ChartRecorder
Paper Drive System
Marking Mechanism
(a) Marking with ink filled stylus(b) Marking with heated stylus
Tracing Mechanism
(a)Curvilinear System(b)Rectilinear System
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Drawback of Strip ChartRecorder
Ink related problem in stylus i.e.viscosity, discontinuity, spotting
Appearance of graph is depend onpaper quality
It unable to provide relationship b/wtwo variables
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Strip chart type
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Digital Data Logger
Strip chart recorder is replaced by digitaldatalogger
It is an electronic device that records data
over time with a built in instrument orsensor or via external instruments andsensors
They generally are small, battery powered,portable, and equipped with amicroprocessor, internal memory for datastorage, and sensors
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Digital Data Logger
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Digital Data Logger
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Significance
data loggers interface with a personalcomputer and utilize software toactivate the data logger and view and
analyze the collected data
One of the primary benefits of usingdata loggers is the ability to
automatically collect data on a 24-hour basis
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Significance
Upon activation, data loggers aretypically deployed and leftunattended to measure and record
information for the duration of themonitoring period
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Application
It is used as a data acquisitionsystem
a comprehensive, accurate picture ofthe environmental conditions beingmonitored, such as air temperatureand relative humidity
Used in ISRO, DRDO for dataprocessing application
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Applications
Unattended weather station recording
Unattended soil moisture levelrecording.
Unattended gas pressure recording.
Road traffic counting.
Tank level monitoring.
Water level monitoring forgroundwater studies.
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References
www.google.com
www.wikiepedia.com
Electrical & Electronics Measurement& Instrumentation By A.K.Sawhney
Measurement Systems, Applications &Design By E.O.Doeblin
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikiepedia.com/http://www.wikiepedia.com/http://www.google.com/8/11/2019 Abhi Ppt on Recorders
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