Abhas Mitra

Abhas Mitra (born 3 June 1955) is an Indianastrophysicist best known for his distinct views onseveral front-line astrophysics concepts, particularlyblack holes[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] andBig Bang Cosmology.[16][17][18][19] His research has re-ceived widespread attention, especially in India, which isreflected from the fact that he is one of the most citedIndian Physicists on the web.[20]

He has regularly questioned the mainstream cosmologicalconcepts of "Big Bang" and "Black Hole".[21][22][23][24]He claims to have offered exact proofs that (i) The so-called Black Holes cannot be true black black holeseven within the context of classical General relativityand (ii) The Big Bang solution is illusory and actual uni-verse must be fundamentally different from the big bangparadigm.[25][26] Consequently Dark Energy, his researchclaims, is an illusion caused by the departure of the com-plex universe from the simple big bang model.He is a Distinguished Alumnus ofMumbai University.[27]As of 2014, he heads the theoretical astrophysics sectionof Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.[28]

1 Scientific Work

1.1 Eternally Collapsing Objects

Though Mitra stresses that the `Black Hole’’ solutionsare correct, his contention is that Black Hole masses,arising from relevant integration constants, are actu-ally zero. His peer reviewed paper published in Jour-nal of Mathematical Physics of the American Insti-tute of Physics supports this contention by showing thatSchwarzschild black holes have M = 0.[29] If so, (i) Theso-called massive Black Hole Candidates (BHCs) mustbe quasi-black holes rather than exact black holes and(ii) During preceding gravitational collapse, entire massenergy and angular momentum of the collapsing ob-jects must be radiated away before formation of exactmathematical black holes. And since the formation ofa mathematical zero mass black hole requires infiniteproper time, continued gravitational collapse becomeseternal, and the so-called black hole candidates mustbe Eternally Collapsing Objects (ECO).[30][31][32][33] Mi-tra’s peer reviewed papers describe why continuedphysical gravitational collapse should lead to forma-tion of ECOs rather than true black holes, and themathematical ``black hole’’ states can be achieved onlyasymptotically.[34][35][36][37][38] An ECO is essentially a

quasi-stable ultra-compact ball of fire (plasma) which isso hot due to preceding gravitational contraction that itsoutward radiation pressure balances its inward pull ofgravity. Some astrophysicists[39][40][41][42][43] claimed tohave verified this prediction that astrophysical Black HoleCandidates are actually ECOs rather than true mathemat-ical black holes. The corresponding Harvard UniversityPress Release[44] acknowledges Mitra’s original contribu-tion in this context.In 2014, soon after Stephen Hawking called the al-leged loss of information in black holes his “biggestblunder”,[45] Mitra received widespread attention in theIndian media, claiming that he had been 'vindicated'[46][47][48] citing that he had apparently refuted Hawk-ing and indicated the same almost 13 year back[49][50][51].[52][53]

1.2 Against the Big Bang Paradigm

As per the present version of Big Bang Paradigm, al-most 70% of the mass energy of the universe is dueto ``Dark Energy’’ whose most likely form is Einstein’sCosmological Constant. But Mitra’s research has shownthat Cosmological Constant is exactly zero as suspectedby many.[54][55][56][57] In addition, these papers point outthat as per cosmological observations, the actual universeis far more complex than the idealised perfect ``isotropyand homogeneity’’ assumed by the Big Bang model; and``Dark Energy’’ is an illusion caused by such departures.As per his recent research, a Big Bang universe can ex-pand only linearly[58][59] so that popular inflationary andcyclic models are actually inconsistent.Since perfect Hubble flow implies radially outward mo-tion of test particles receding from one another withoutany mutual collision, his research claimed to shown thatideal Big Bangmodel corresponds to nil pressure and tem-perature. If correct, this implies that the ideal Big Bangmodel is fundamentally unable to describe the physicaluniverse endowed with pressure and temperature.[60][61]

He has also questioned the physical reality of dark en-ergy.[62]

2 Academic Associations

Mitra is associated with the `Himalayan Gamma RayObservatory[63] being set up at Han Leh jointly by Tata

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2 3 REFERENCES

Institute of Fundamental Research, Bhabha Atomic Re-search Centre and Indian Institute of Astrophysics. He isalso an Adjunct Prof. in Homi Bhabha National ScienceInsititute since 2010.[64] Dr. Mitra is also a member ofthe International Astronomical Union.[65]

3 References[1] “Black holes don't exist, says BARC scientist”.

[2] “Meet the Indian who took on Stephen Hawking”.

[3] “Indian Physicist Abhas Mitra Claims he Resolved BlackHole Paradox Years before Stephen Hawking”.

[4] “Black Hole Paradox Resolved By Indian Physicist MuchBefore Stephen Hawking”.

[5] “Indian Physicist Abhas Mitra Says he Resolved BlackHole Paradox Before Stephen Hawking”.

[6] “Indian physicist vindicated in black hole controversy”.

[7] “No Black Hole According To General Relativity? NatureIndia”.

[8] “Hawking vs. Mitra : Are black holes really black holes?".

[9] “Abhas Mitra,singurul savant care a indraznit sa-i demon-streze lui Hawking ca teoria lui este gresita”.

[10] “Te-ai inselat, domnule Stephen Hawking!".

[11] “BARC SCIENTIST: INDIA'S PRIDE: Indian ScientistWho Challenged Hawking’s Blackholes Theory ProvedRight”.

[12] “Anti-black hole astrophysicist furnishes proof, NatureIndia Science News”.

[13] “Black holes or balls of Quark Gluon plasma? Nature In-dia Science News”.

[14] “You're Wrong, Stephen Hawking! The Triumph of Ab-has Mitra”.

[15] “Scientific Black Wash: The jury is still out there onwhether blackholes exist”.

[16] “Indian Physicist Questions Physical Reality of Dark En-ergy”.

[17] “Indian Physicist Questions Big Bang Basics”.

[18] “Indian Scientist Contests Big Bang '`Evidences" .

[19] “Nobel laureates challenge Indian astrophysicist’s 'lumpycosmos’ claim, Nature India Science News”.

[20] “Google: Indian Physicists”.

[21] A. Mitra, Nature, 501, 391 (2013) “Comments on NatureArticle '`Rare star probes supermassive black hole" .

[22] A. Mitra, Nature, 500, 7464, 28 August (2013)“Comments on the Eassay '`Theoretical Physics: The Ori-gin of Space and Time" .

[23] A. Mitra, Nature, 500, 7641, 6 August 2013 “Commentson the Nature Paper '`Spin Rate of Black Holes PinnedDown" .

[24] “Various Comments Made by Mitra in response to NatureNews on Black Holes”.

[25] “Eternally Collapsing Object”.

[26] “The Genesis of “Magnetospheric Eternally CollapsingObject"".

[27] “Distinguished Alumni of University of Mumbai”.

[28] “Abhas Mitra Curriculum Vitae (BARC India)".

[29] A. Mitra, J. Math. Phys. 50, 042502 (2009) (AmericanInstitute of Physics)“Comments on The Euclidean grav-itational action as black hole entropy, singularities, andspace-time voids" .

[30] A. Mitra and K. K. Singh, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D22, 1350054 (2013) (World Scientific) “The Mass ofthe Oppenheimer-Snyder Hole: Only Finite Mass Quasi-Black Holes”.

[31] A. Mitra, Astrophysics and Space Science, Volume 332,pp 43–48 (2011) (Springer, Germany) “The fallacy ofOppenheimer Snyder collapse: no general relativistic col-lapse at all, no black hole, no physical singularity”.

[32] A. Mitra,Foundations of Physics Letters, Volume 15, pp439–471 (2002) (Springer, Germany)“On the final stateof spherical gravitational collapse”.

[33] A. Mitra, Foundations of Physics Letters, Volume 13, pp543–579 (2000) (Springer, Germany) “Non-occurrenceof trapped surfaces and Black Holes in spherical gravi-tational collapse: An abridged version”.

[34] A. Mitra, Phys. Rev. D 74, 024010 (2006) (AmericanPhysical Soc., USA) “Why gravitational contraction mustbe accompanied by emission of radiation in both Newto-nian and Einstein gravity”.

[35] A. Mitra, MNRAS, 367, L66-L68 (2006) (Royal Astro-nomical Soc., London) “A generic relation between bary-onic and radiative energy densities of stars”.

[36] A. Mitra, MNRAS, 369, 492–496 (2006) (Royal Astro-nomical Soc. London)“Radiation pressure supported starsin Einstein gravity: eternally collapsing objects”.

[37] A. Mitra, New Astronomy, Volume 12, 146–160 (2006)(Elsevier, Netherlands) “Sources of stellar energy, Ein-stein Eddington timescale of gravitational contraction andeternally collapsing objects”.

[38] A. Mitra & N.K. Glendenning, MNRAS 404, L50-L54(2010) (Royal Astronomical Soc., London)“Likely for-mation of general relativistic radiation pressure supportedstars or 'eternally collapsing objects’".

[39] Stanley L. Robertson and Darryl J. Leiter, AstrophysicalJ., 565 447 (2002) (Institute of Physics, UK)“Evidencefor Intrinsic Magnetic Moments in Black Hole Candi-dates”.

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[40] Stanley L. Robertson and Darryl J. Leiter, AstrophysicalJ., 596, L203 (2003) (Institute of Physics, UK)“On In-trinsic Magnetic Moments in Black Hole Candidates”.

[41] Stanley L. Robertson and Darryl J. Leiter, MNRAS, 350,1391–1396 (2004) (Royal Astronomical Soc. London).“On the origin of the universal radio-X-ray luminositycorrelation in black hole candidates”.

[42] Rudolph E. Schild, Darryl J. Leiter, and Stanley L.Robertson, TheAstronomical Journal 132 420 (2006) (In-stitute of Physics, UK) “Observations Supporting the Ex-istence of an Intrinsic Magnetic Moment inside the Cen-tral Compact Object within the Quasar Q0957+561”.

[43] Rudolph E. Schild, Darryl J. Leiter, and StanleyL. Robertson, The Astronomical Journal, 135, 947(2006) (Institute of Physics, UK)“Direct Microlensing-Reverberation Observations of the Intrinsic MagneticStructure of Active Galactic Nuclei in Different SpectralStates: A Tale of Two Quasars”.

[44] “New Picture of Quasar Emerges: Harvard-SmithsonianCenter for Astrophysics Press Release”.

[45] “Particle creation by black holes”.

[46] “Big Bang: Indian physicist says he’s vindicated”.

[47] “Big Bang: Indian Physicist Abhas Mitra Feels Vindi-cated”.

[48] “Indian physicist who opposed Big Bang origin says he’svindicated”.

[49] “Indian physicist claims he resolved Black Hole paradoxmuch before Stephen Hawking”.

[50] “Black Holes are Actually “Eternally Collapsing Objects”--Indian Physicist Refutes Hawking”.

[51] “This Indian physicist disproved black holes 13 years be-fore Hawking”.

[52] “Indian physicist Abhas Mitra resolved Black Hole para-dox much before Stephen Hawking”.

[53] “Indian physicist resolved Black Hole paradox much be-fore Hawking”.

[54] A. Mitra, General Relativity and Gravitation Volume 42,pp 443–469 (2010) (Springer, Germany) “Einstein energyassociated with the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker met-ric”.

[55] A. Mitra, Nature Scientific Reports 2, Articlenumber: 923 (2012) (Nature Publishing Group,UK)“Interpretational conflicts between the static andnon-static forms of the de Sitter metric”.

[56] A. Mitra, S. Bhattacharyya, and N. Bhatt, Int. J. Mod.Phys. D 22, 1350012 (2013) (World Scientific) "ΛCDMCosmology Through the Lens of Einstein’s Static Uni-verse, the Mother of Λ".

[57] A.Mitra, J. Cosmology andAstroparticle Physics, 07, 007(2013) (Institute of Physics, UK) “Energy of Einstein’sstatic universe and its implications for the ΛCDM cos-mology”.

[58] A. Mitra, New Astronomy, Vol. 30, pp.46–50 (2014)“Why the Big Bang Model Does Not Allow Inflationaryand Cyclic cosmologies Though Mathematically One CanObtain Any Model With Favourable Assumptions”.

[59] A. Mitra, General Relativity And Gravitation, Vol. 16,pp.1–12 (2014)“Testing R_h=ct Cosmology From Fun-damental Considerations: Is the Friedmann Universe In-trinsically Flat”.

[60] A. Mitra, Astrophysics & Space Science, Vol. 333,pp.351–356 (2011) “The matter in the Big-Bang modelis dust and not any arbitrary perfect fluid!".

[61] A. Mitra, Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 2, pp. 1436–1442 (2011) “Why the Big Bang Model Cannot Describethe Observed Universe Having Pressure and Radiation”.

[62] “Physicist questions physical reality of 'Dark Energy'".

[63] “High Altitude Gamma Ray Observatory, Han Leh, In-dia”.

[64] “HBNI”.

[65] “IAU”.

4 4 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

4 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

4.1 Text• Abhas Mitra Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhas%20Mitra?oldid=639023045 Contributors: Phil Boswell, Bearcat, Altenmann,Nichalp, Rich Farmbrough, Dbachmann, Triona, SlaveToTheWage, Mpatel, Canadian Paul, Joke137, Ems57fcva, Jaraalbe, Bgwhite, Re-tired username, SmackBot, Pacodotorg, Croquant, Ohconfucius, Martinp23, Pontificake, CmdrObot, Picaroon, Cydebot, Ramitmahajan,Tim Shuba, Magioladitis, Waacstats, MetsBot, Vinograd19, Katharineamy, Gobeshock Gobochondro Gyanotirtho, DS1000, XLinkBot,Addbot, Lightbot, Franz Sanchez, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, AnomieBOT, Xqbot, Intuition01, Sharmila krishnamurty, Jonesey95, 4, Rjwilmsi-Bot, Josve05a, Finemann, BG19bot, ChrisGualtieri, Rakeshwarier, Telfordbuck, Kev rob81, Superstark, TerryAlex, Stanleiter, JoSsWiki,Astro 84 and Anonymous: 46

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