Abdomen

Structure and Function

Borders of Abdominal Cavity Lg. Oval cavity from diaphragm to

pelvis Posteriorly- vertebral column &

paravertebral muscles Laterally & anteriorly – lower rib cage

and abdominal muscles

Abdominal Muscles 4 layers

1. External oblique2. Internal oblique3. Transverse abdominis4. Rectus abdominus

Linea alba Rectus abdominus

Internal Anatomy Viscera Liver Gallbladder Spleen Aorta Pancreas Kidneys

Abdominal wall = 4 quadrants RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ Epigastric Umbilical Suprapubic

Subjective Data

Appetite Dysphagia Food intolerance Abdominal pain N&V Bowel habits Past abd. History Medications Nutritional assessment

Objective Data

Order of Exam Inspection Auscultation Percussion Palpation

Spleen

Spleen

Rt. Kidney

Lt. Kidney

Refered abd. Pain

obesity

Ascites

Ovarion cyst

Air/ Gas

Breasts/ Axilla

External Anatomy

B/t 2nd 6th rib Sternum to MAL Tail of Spence Nipple Areola Montgomery’s glands

Internal Anatomy

Glandular tissue 15- 20 lobes Alveoli producing milk Ducts

Lactiferous Collecting

Ampullae Reservoir for storing milk

Internal Anatomy cont.

Cooper’s ligaments Adipose tissue

Breast 4 quadrants Tail of Spence Most breast tumors – upper outer

quadrant

Lymphatics

Axillary nodes Central axillary Pectoral Subscapular Lateral Lymph- central axillary node- up to

infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes

Lymphatics cont.

Small amt. Of lymph Directly to infraclavicular group Or deep into chest Or abdomen Or directly across to the opposite

breast

Subjective Data - Breast

Pain Lumps Discharge Rash Swelling Trauma History Self- care behaviors

Subjective Data- Axilla

Tenderness Swelling Lumps Rash

Objective Data

Examination Privacy Comfort Anxiety

Retraction

Retraction

Inspect & Palpate Axillae

Palpate Breasts

Wheel Pattern

Concentric Circles

Palpate Nipple

Fibocystic Cancer Fibroadenoma