Abdomen

Figure 1.9

Abdominal Wall

• Surface Anatomy• Muscular Wall and Hernias

• Costal margin• Xiphoid process• Iliac crest• Anterior superior iliac

spine (ASIS)• Pubic crest• Inguinal ligament

Bony Landmarks around Abdomen

Figure 7.27a

Four-quadrant pattern

• Right upper• Left upper• Right lower• Left lower

Figure 1.12

Nine-region organizational pattern

Abdominal wall

• Skin • Superficial fascia

– Fat tissue– Cutaneous nerves– Superficial vessels

• Deep fascia• Muscles

Muscles of abdominal wall

• Rectus abdominus-vertical midline

• Three layers- lateral– External oblique (“hands-

in-pocket”)– Internal oblique (fibers

perpendicular to external)

– Transverse abdominus (wraps around)

Muscles of abdominal wall

Muscles of abdominal wall

Muscles of abdominal wall

Pregnancy Exercise: Abdominal Exercises

• diastasis recti • back pain• make labor and delivery easier• improves the way you look and feel during

pregnancy

http://www.progressiveparent.com/Pregnancy_postnatal_exercise/pregnancy-exercise-abs.htm

External oblique

Inguinal ligament and canal

Hernias

Hernias

Hernias

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Rectus sheath

Rectus sheath

Hernias